Ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide crushing and extracting device

Abstract

The invention relates to a ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide crushing and extracting device which comprises a ball-milling unit and a filtering unit, and medicinal materials are efficiently crushed by utilizing mechanical energy generated by collision and friction of small ceramic balls in the ball-milling process. And heat generated by ball milling and water are used as extraction solvents to synchronously extract effective components in the ginseng and the dendrobium nobile. The ball-milling unit adopts a high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant closed ball-milling tank to avoid leakage of liquid or gas in the crushing and extracting process, and the filtering unit is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on an extracted mixture to obtain an extracting solution containing effective components of ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide. According to the invention, medicinal material crushing, heating extraction and filtration are integrated, the process flow is simplified, the extraction efficiency is obviously improved, the problem of inactivation of effective components caused by overheating of medicinal materials is avoided, and the device has the advantages of simple equipment, low energy consumption and suitability for industrial application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of crushing and extraction devices, and particularly relates to a ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide crushing and extraction device combined with ball milling technology, which can realize the integrated operation of crushing and effective component extraction of ginseng and dendrobium. Background Art

[0002] Ginsenosides and dendrobium polysaccharides are important active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines, which respectively have various effects such as enhancing immunity, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and promoting cell metabolism, and are widely used in the fields of medicine, health products, and cosmetics. The traditional extraction process is mainly achieved through the following steps: 1. Pretreatment and pulverization of medicinal materials: After drying medicinal materials such as ginseng and dendrobium, physical pulverization is carried out to obtain medicinal powder with a certain particle size.

[0003] 2. Heating extraction: After mixing the medicinal powder with water and heating, the effective components are dissolved out by means of boiling or reflux extraction.

[0004] 3. Filtration and separation: A filter cloth or other filtration equipment is used to carry out solid-liquid separation of the extract and medicinal residues to obtain a liquid containing effective components.

[0005] Although this traditional method has a mature process and simple equipment, it has the following obvious deficiencies: Complicated process: Operations such as pulverization, heating extraction, and filtration are carried out independently, requiring multiple transfers and treatments, and the process is complex; Low extraction efficiency: The effective components in the extraction process are not completely dissolved out, and the medicinal residues need to be extracted multiple times, but the complete extraction of components still cannot be guaranteed; Loss of thermosensitive components: During the heating extraction process, due to too high temperature or too long time, thermosensitive components such as ginsenosides or dendrobium polysaccharides may be degraded, affecting the extraction effect.

[0006] In recent years, some modern extraction technologies have been applied to the extraction of effective components from traditional Chinese medicines, including: Ultrasound-assisted extraction: Promote the cell wall breaking of medicinal materials through the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves to improve the dissolution rate of effective components; Microwave-assisted extraction: Utilize the rapidity and selectivity of microwave heating to extract the effective components in medicinal materials; Enzyme-assisted extraction: Catalyze the degradation of the cell wall of medicinal materials by adding enzyme preparations to release effective components; Supercritical fluid extraction: Utilize the solubility of supercritical carbon dioxide and other fluids in medicinal materials to achieve efficient extraction. Although the above technologies have made certain progress in extraction efficiency and retention of effective components, they have the following deficiencies: The required equipment is complex and precise, and the investment cost is high; The operation technical requirements are high and it is not suitable for small and medium-sized production enterprises; Some technologies (such as ultrasound and microwave) may cause physical or chemical damage to certain components.

[0007] To address the above problems, the present invention proposes a crushing and extraction device for ginsenosides and dendrobium polysaccharides, which combines ball milling technology with water extraction process to achieve efficient crushing and synchronous extraction of ginsenosides and dendrobium polysaccharides. This design not only simplifies the extraction process, but also significantly improves the extraction efficiency, avoids the problem of overheating inactivation of medicinal materials, and has the characteristics of simple equipment, low energy consumption, and suitability for industrial application. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention provides a crushing and extraction device for ginsenosides and dendrobium polysaccharides, which combines ball milling technology to achieve integrated operation of medicinal material crushing and effective ingredient extraction, significantly improves the extraction efficiency, simplifies the process flow, and is suitable for industrial production.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a crushing and extraction device for ginsenosides and dendrobium polysaccharides, and the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A crushing and extraction device for ginsenosides and dendrobium polysaccharides, comprising: a ball milling unit and a filtering unit. The ball milling unit is used to crush the medicinal materials and synchronously extract the effective ingredients in the medicinal materials by using the heat generated during the ball milling process and water as a solvent, including a ball milling tank and a rotary driving device. The ball milling tank is used for ball milling operation, and the driving device provides the kinetic energy required for crushing.

[0010] The filtering unit includes a sieve machine and a plate and frame filter, which are used for solid-liquid separation of the extracted mixture to obtain an extract containing effective ingredients.

[0011] Further, the ball milling tank is composed of a ball milling tank cylinder body and a ball milling tank top cover. The ball milling tank top cover is provided with a protrusion that fits with the groove of the ball milling tank cylinder body to improve the tightness of the ball milling tank. A sealing structure, a polytetrafluoroethylene gasket, is provided at the connection between the ball milling tank cylinder body and the ball milling tank top cover to prevent liquid or gas leakage.

[0012] Further, a fastening device is provided on the upper part of the ball milling tank top cover on the upper part of the ball milling tank cylinder body to further improve the tightness of the ball milling tank by increasing the fastening degree.

[0013] Further, the material of the ball milling tank cylinder body is silica that is heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant.

[0014] Further, ceramic balls are installed inside the ball milling tank cylinder body. The particle size of the ceramic balls is 0.1 - 1 cm, and the mass of the ceramic balls is 50 - 100% of the mass of ginseng and / or dendrobium.

[0015] Further, solvent water is added into the ball milling tank cylinder body, and the amount of the solvent water is 1 - 5 times the mass of ginseng and / or dendrobium.

[0016] Furthermore, the crushing and extraction device is adapted to a variety of medicinal materials. By adjusting the rotation speed of the rotation drive device and the ball milling time, different medicinal material extraction requirements can be met. The rotation speed of the rotation drive device is 200 - 600 r / min, and the ball milling time is 30 - 120 min.

[0017] Furthermore, the mixture in the ball milling tank is screened by a screening machine to screen out and clean the ceramic balls for recycling. The filtration accuracy of the screening machine is 10 - 100 μm.

[0018] Furthermore, the liquid filtered out by the screening machine enters the plate and frame filter through a diaphragm pump. The speed of the diaphragm pump is 30 - 80 r / min. The plate and frame filter is used in conjunction with a filter medium to achieve solid - liquid separation. The filtered filtrate is an extraction solution containing ginsenoside and / or dendrobium polysaccharide. After filtration, it is rinsed 2 - 4 times with 1 - 5 times the mass of water of ginseng and / or dendrobium.

[0019] Furthermore, the crushing and extraction device uses the heat generated by ball milling to achieve extraction without an additional heating device.

[0020] Furthermore, the combination of the ball milling unit and the filtration unit can achieve an integrated operation of crushing, extraction, and solid - liquid separation, without multiple transfers, improving the extraction efficiency.

[0021] Furthermore, the crushing and extraction device simplifies the design in structure, can reduce the manufacturing cost and operation energy consumption, and is suitable for large - scale industrial applications.

[0022] Through the above optimization measures, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: Ball milling technology, as an efficient crushing method, can generate strong mechanical energy through the collision and friction of ceramic balls during rotation to fully crush medicinal materials. During ball milling, mechanical energy is converted into heat energy, increasing the system temperature. Using the heat generated by ball milling and water as an extraction solvent, efficient dissolution of active ingredients in medicinal materials can be achieved. The present invention realizes an integrated operation of crushing and extraction by designing a closed ball milling unit, optimizing ball milling parameters, and introducing a filtration unit. High process integration: Medicinal material crushing and extraction are carried out simultaneously, without multiple transfers, improving the extraction efficiency and avoiding the loss of active ingredients during the transfer process; Temperature controllable: The heat generated during ball milling and the water solvent act synergistically to avoid the problem of component degradation caused by high temperature; Simple equipment: Without complex heating or cooling devices, reducing the equipment manufacturing cost and operation energy consumption; Wide applicability: The device is adapted to the extraction requirements of a variety of Chinese medicinal materials and has good industrial application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for the description will be briefly introduced below. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained based on the accompanying drawings.

[0024] 1. Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a crushing and extraction device for ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide; 2. Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the ball milling unit of a crushing and extraction device for ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide; In the figure: 1. Ball milling tank top cover; 2. Protrusion; 3. Groove; 4. Polytetrafluoroethylene gasket; 5. Ceramic balls; 6. Fastening device; 7. Ball milling tank; 8. Plate and frame filter; 9. Ball milling tank cylinder; 10. Rotary drive device; 11. Diaphragm pump; 12. Sieving machine. Specific embodiments

[0025] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with examples and comparative examples. The following examples are only for better understanding of the present invention and do not mean that the present invention is limited to the following examples. Example 1

[0026] Weigh 100 g of washed and dried ginseng, cut it and add it into the ball milling tank 7, add 200 g of pure water and ceramic balls 5 with a particle size of 0.1 cm, and the mass of the ceramic balls 5 is 50 g. The ball milling tank top cover 1 covers the ball milling tank cylinder 9, ensuring that the ball milling tank top cover 1 with protrusions 2 fits with the grooves 3 on the ball milling tank cylinder 9, and further tighten it with the fastening device 6, so that the sealing structure polytetrafluoroethylene gasket 4 at the connection between the ball milling tank top cover 1 and the ball milling tank cylinder 9 deforms to further improve the tightness of the ball milling tank 7. Open the rotary drive device 10 and adjust the rotation speed to 200 r / min for 30 min. After ball milling, open the fastening device 6 and remove the ball milling tank top cover 1. Measure the temperature of the supernatant in the ball milling tank 7 to be 67.5 °C. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture in the ball milling tank 7 is screened by the sieving machine 12 to screen out the ceramic balls 5, which are washed and recycled. The filtration accuracy of the sieving machine 12 is 10 μm. The mixture filtered by the sieving machine 12 enters the plate and frame filter 8 through the diaphragm pump 11 for solid-liquid separation. The speed of the diaphragm pump 11 is 30 r / min, and the extraction solution is obtained by washing 2 times with 100 g of rinsing water.

[0027] Experimental result: The extraction rate of ginsenoside is 95.47%. Example 2

[0028] Weigh 100 g of washed and dried ginseng, cut it up and add it to ball mill tank 7. Then add 300 g of pure water and ceramic balls 5 with a particle size of 0.1 cm. The mass of ceramic balls 5 is 80 g. Cover the top cover 1 of the ball mill tank on the cylinder body 9 of the ball mill tank, ensure that the top cover 1 of the ball mill tank has a protrusion 2 that fits with the groove 3 on the cylinder body 9 of the ball mill tank, and further fasten it with a fastening device 6, so that the sealing structure polytetrafluoroethylene gasket 4 at the connection between the top cover 1 of the ball mill tank and the cylinder body 9 of the ball mill tank deforms to further improve the airtightness of the ball mill tank 7. Open the rotary drive device 10 and adjust the rotation speed to 250 r / min for 40 min. After ball milling is completed, open the fastening device 6 and remove the top cover 1 of the ball mill tank. Measure the temperature of the upper clear liquid in the ball mill tank 7 to be 65.9 °C. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture in the ball mill tank 7 is screened by a screening machine 12, the ceramic balls 5 are screened out, cleaned and recycled. The filtration accuracy of the screening machine 12 is 20 μm. The mixture filtered out by the screening machine 12 enters a plate and frame filter 8 through a diaphragm pump 11 for solid-liquid separation. The speed of the diaphragm pump 11 is 40 r / min, and 150 g of rinsing water is used for washing 2 times to obtain the extract.

[0029] Experimental result: The extraction rate of ginsenoside is 96.33%. Example 3

[0030] Weigh 100 g of washed and dried dendrobium, cut it up and add it to ball mill tank 7. Then add 300 g of pure water and ceramic balls 5 with a particle size of 0.3 cm. The mass of ceramic balls 5 is 70 g. Cover the top cover 1 of the ball mill tank on the cylinder body 9 of the ball mill tank, ensure that the top cover 1 of the ball mill tank has a protrusion 2 that fits with the groove 3 on the cylinder body 9 of the ball mill tank, and further fasten it with a fastening device 6, so that the sealing structure polytetrafluoroethylene gasket 4 at the connection between the top cover 1 of the ball mill tank and the cylinder body 9 of the ball mill tank deforms to further improve the airtightness of the ball mill tank 7. Open the rotary drive device 10 and adjust the rotation speed to 300 r / min for 40 min. After ball milling is completed, open the fastening device 6 and remove the top cover 1 of the ball mill tank. Measure the temperature of the upper clear liquid in the ball mill tank 7 to be 67.8 °C. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture in the ball mill tank 7 is screened by a screening machine 12, the ceramic balls 5 are screened out, cleaned and recycled. The filtration accuracy of the screening machine 12 is 30 μm. The mixture filtered out by the screening machine 12 enters a plate and frame filter 8 through a diaphragm pump 11 for solid-liquid separation. The speed of the diaphragm pump 11 is 50 r / min, and 150 g of rinsing water is used for washing 2 times to obtain the extract.

[0031] Experimental result: The extraction rate of dendrobium polysaccharide is 96.05%. Example 4

[0032] Weigh 50 grams of washed and dried ginseng and 50 grams of dendrobium, cut them, and add them to ball mill tank 7. Add 400 g of pure water and ceramic balls 5 with a particle size of 0.7 cm. The mass of ceramic balls 5 is 80 g. Cover the ball mill tank body 9 with the ball mill tank top cover 1. Ensure that the ball mill tank top cover 1 has a protrusion 2 that fits with the groove 3 on the ball mill tank body 9. Further fasten it with the fastening device 6, so that the sealing structure, the polytetrafluoroethylene gasket 4, at the connection between the ball mill tank top cover 1 and the ball mill tank body 9 deforms to further improve the tightness of the ball mill tank 7. Open the rotary drive device 10 and adjust the rotation speed to 400 r / min for 60 min. After ball milling is completed, open the fastening device 6 and remove the ball mill tank top cover 1. Measure the temperature of the supernatant in the ball mill tank 7 to be 68.1 °C. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture in the ball mill tank 7 is screened by the screening machine 12 to screen out the ceramic balls 5, which are cleaned and recycled. The filtration accuracy of the screening machine 12 is 50 μm. The mixture filtered out by the screening machine 12 enters the plate and frame filter 8 through the diaphragm pump 11 for solid-liquid separation. The speed of the diaphragm pump 11 is 50 r / min, and 200 g of rinsing water is used for washing twice to obtain the extract.

[0033] Experimental results: The extraction rate of ginsenoside is 97.23%, and the extraction rate of dendrobium polysaccharide is 96.89%. Example 5

[0034] Weigh 100 grams of washed and dried ginseng and 50 grams of dendrobium, cut them, and add them to ball mill tank 7. Add 600 g of pure water and ceramic balls 5 with a particle size of 0.8 cm. The mass of ceramic balls 5 is 140 g. Cover the ball mill tank body 9 with the ball mill tank top cover 1. Ensure that the ball mill tank top cover 1 has a protrusion 2 that fits with the groove 3 on the ball mill tank body 9. Further fasten it with the fastening device 6, so that the sealing structure, the polytetrafluoroethylene gasket 4, at the connection between the ball mill tank top cover 1 and the ball mill tank body 9 deforms to further improve the tightness of the ball mill tank 7. Open the rotary drive device 10 and adjust the rotation speed to 500 r / min for 60 min. After ball milling is completed, open the fastening device 6 and remove the ball mill tank top cover 1. Measure the temperature of the supernatant in the ball mill tank 7 to be 67.44 °C. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture in the ball mill tank 7 is screened by the screening machine 12 to screen out the ceramic balls 5, which are cleaned and recycled. The filtration accuracy of the screening machine 12 is 50 μm. The mixture filtered out by the screening machine 12 enters the plate and frame filter 8 through the diaphragm pump 11 for solid-liquid separation. The speed of the diaphragm pump 11 is 50 r / min, and 300 g of rinsing water is used for washing twice to obtain the extract.

[0035] Experimental results: The extraction rate of ginsenoside is 97.96%, and the extraction rate of dendrobium polysaccharide is 97.54%. Example 6

[0036] Weigh 50 grams of ginseng and 50 grams of dendrobium that have been washed and dried. Cut them and add them to ball mill tank 7. Add 500 g of pure water and ceramic balls 5 with a particle size of 0.1 cm. The mass of ceramic balls 5 is 100 g. Cover the ball mill tank barrel 9 with the ball mill tank top cover 1. Ensure that the ball mill tank top cover 1 has a protrusion 2 that fits with the groove 3 on the ball mill tank barrel 9. Further fasten it with the fastening device 6, so that the sealing structure, the polytetrafluoroethylene gasket 4, at the connection between the ball mill tank top cover 1 and the ball mill tank barrel 9 deforms to further improve the tightness of the ball mill tank 7. Open the rotary drive device 10 and adjust the rotation speed to 600 r / min for 120 min. After ball milling is completed, open the fastening device 6 and remove the ball mill tank top cover 1. Measure the temperature of the supernatant in the ball mill tank 7 to be 68.37 °C. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture in the ball mill tank 7 is screened by the screening machine 12, and the ceramic balls 5 are screened out, washed clean and recycled. The filtration accuracy of the screening machine 12 is 100 μm. The mixture filtered by the screening machine 12 enters the plate and frame filter 8 through the diaphragm pump 11 for solid-liquid separation. The speed of the diaphragm pump 11 is 60 r / min, and the extraction solution is obtained by washing 2 times with 500 g of rinsing water.

[0037] Experimental results: The extraction rate of ginsenoside is 98.91%, and the extraction rate of dendrobium polysaccharide is 98.29%.

[0038] Control group Weigh 50 g of ginseng and 50 grams of dendrobium that have been washed and dried. Cut them and add them to a pulverizer to be pulverized into medium powder. Directly add 500 ml of pure water and stir. After stirring at 70 °C for 120 minutes, filter. The extraction solution is obtained by washing 2 times with 500 g of rinsing water.

[0039] Experimental results: The extraction rate of ginsenoside is 69.45%, and the extraction rate of dendrobium polysaccharide is 65.29%. There is more residue in the medicinal residues, and some ginsenosides and dendrobium polysaccharides are degraded due to high temperature.

Claims

1. A broken extraction device for ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide, characterized in that, Comprising: A ball milling unit and a filtering unit, the ball milling unit comprising a ball milling tank (7) and a rotary driving device (10); The filtering unit comprises a sieve machine (12) and a plate and frame filter press (8).

2. The broken extraction device for ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ball milling tank (7) is composed of a ball milling tank cylinder body (9) and a ball milling tank top cover (1). The ball milling tank top cover (1) is provided with a protrusion (2) which fits with a groove (3) of the ball milling tank cylinder body (9). A polytetrafluoroethylene gasket (4) is provided at the connection between the ball milling tank cylinder body (9) and the ball milling tank top cover (1).

3. The broken extraction device for ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide according to claim 2, characterized in that, A fastening device (6) is provided on the upper part of the ball milling tank top cover (1) on the upper part of the ball milling tank cylinder body (9).

4. The ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide crushing and extraction device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The material of the ball milling tank cylinder body (9) is silica.

5. The ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide crushing and extraction device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Ceramic balls (5) with a particle size of 0.1 - 1 cm are installed inside the ball milling tank cylinder body (9). The mass of the ceramic balls (5) is 50 - 100% of the mass of ginseng and / or dendrobium.

6. The ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide crushing and extraction device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Solvent water is added into the ball milling tank cylinder body (9), and the amount of the solvent water is 1 - 5 times the mass of ginseng and / or dendrobium.

7. The crushing and extraction device for ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary driving device (10) rotates at a speed of 200 - 600 r / min, and the ball milling time is 30 - 120 min.

8. The broken extraction device for ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein, The mixture in the ball milling tank (7) is screened by the sieve machine (12), and the filtering accuracy of the sieve machine (12) is 10 - 100 μm.

9. The broken extraction device for ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide according to claim 8, wherein, The liquid filtered out by the sieve machine (12) enters the plate and frame filter press (8) through a diaphragm pump (11). The speed of the diaphragm pump (11) is 30 - 80 r / min. After filtration is completed, it is rinsed 2 - 4 times with 1 - 5 times the amount of water by mass of ginseng and / or dendrobium.

10. The ginsenoside and dendrobium polysaccharide crushing and extracting device according to claim 1, wherein, The crushing and extraction device realizes extraction by using the heat generated by ball milling, without the need for an additional heating device.

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