Broaching machine and broaching method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of metal cutting, in particular to a broaching machine and a broaching method thereof. The broaching machine comprises outer surface broaches, the outer surface broaches are provided with a plurality of outer surface broaching teeth, the right part of the lower side of the outer surface broach is uniformly provided with a plurality of broaching teeth, the heights of the plurality of broaching teeth increase from left to right in sequence, the left part of the outer surface broach is provided with a plug hole, the plurality of outer surface broaches are arranged in front and back sticking mode, and a plug rod simultaneously penetrates through the plurality of plug holes. The broaching machine further comprises a door-shaped piece, the door-shaped piece is provided with a limiting groove, the left end of the plurality of outer surface broaches is inserted into the limiting groove, the front and back two ends of the plug rod are respectively inserted into the front and back two sides of the door-shaped piece, and the front and back two ends of the plug rod are all screw-connected with blocking heads. The width of the broach can be adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal cutting, and more specifically to a broaching machine and a broaching method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] In modern mechanical manufacturing, broaching plays a crucial role in numerous parts production processes due to its significant advantages of high efficiency, high precision, and ability to process complex-shaped workpieces. As the core equipment for broaching, the performance of the broaching machine directly affects processing quality and production efficiency. Most broaches used in existing broaching machines are fixed, one-piece designs. This means that in actual production, when faced with workpieces requiring different widths, current technology cannot arbitrarily adjust the broach width. When processing wider workpieces, existing narrow broaches cannot meet the requirements, while wide broaches are not effectively adapted for processing narrower workpieces. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a broaching machine and a broaching method thereof, the beneficial effect of which is that the width of the broach can be adjusted.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] A broaching machine tool includes an outer surface broach, wherein multiple outer surface broaches are provided, and multiple broaching teeth are evenly distributed on the lower right side of the outer surface broach. The height of the multiple broaching teeth increases sequentially from left to right. An insertion hole is provided on the left side of the outer surface broach. The multiple outer surface broaches are arranged in close contact with each other, and the insertion rod passes through the multiple insertion holes simultaneously.

[0006] It also includes a gate-shaped component, which has a limit groove. The left ends of multiple outer surface broaches are inserted into the limit groove. The front and rear ends of the insertion rod are respectively inserted into the front and rear sides of the gate-shaped component. Both the front and rear ends of the insertion rod are threaded with a blocking head.

[0007] It also includes two clamping seats, both of which are located on the inner side of the gantry-shaped component. Two guide rods are fixed on the outer side of each clamping seat. The guide rods are slidably connected to the corresponding side of the gantry-shaped component. Telescopic rods are fixed on both sides of the gantry-shaped component. The ends of the two telescopic rods are fixed on the two clamping seats respectively. The two clamping seats press against the two outermost outer surface pull cutters respectively.

[0008] A boss is fixed on the upper side of the gate-shaped component, and a horizontal bar is slidably connected to the boss. Multiple wheel frames are fixed on the right side of the horizontal bar from left to right. Each wheel frame is rotatably connected to a rotating wheel, and the multiple rotating wheels are in contact with the upper side of multiple outer surface broaches.

[0009] Two baffle plates are slidably connected to the plurality of rotating wheels in the front-rear direction, one of the wheel frames is fixed with a telescopic rod two, and the ends of the two telescopic rods two are fixed to the outer sides of the two baffle plates.

[0010] The two baffle plates are slidably connected to the plurality of rotating wheels in the front-rear direction, one of the wheel frames is fixed with a telescopic rod two, and the ends of the two telescopic rods two are fixed to the outer sides of the two baffle plates.

[0011] The lower side of the workbench is fixed with a supporting leg at each corner, the upper side of the workbench is fixed with a magnetic table, the workpiece is magnetically attracted to the magnetic table, the rear of the workbench is fixed with two round rods, the rear side of the workbench is fixed with two protrusions, and the rear ends of the two protrusions are vertically slidably connected to the two round rods.

[0012] The left side of the door-shaped piece is fixed with two horizontal rods, the two horizontal rods are horizontally slidably connected to the square seat, the square seat is fixed with a motor frame, the motor frame is fixed with a motor, the output shaft of the motor is fixed with a lead screw, the protruding seat is fixed with a lead screw nut, and the lead screw is threadedly connected with the lead screw nut.

[0013] The lower side of the square seat is fixed with a vertical column, the vertical column is vertically slidably connected to the bracket, the bracket is fixed with a telescopic rod three, and the upper end of the telescopic rod three is fixed to the motor frame.

[0014] The broaching method comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step one: fix the workpiece on the magnetic table;

[0016] Step two: adjust the number of outer surface broaches according to the width of the broaching, and arrange the plurality of outer surface broaches in front and back;

[0017] Step three: insert the left end of the plurality of outer surface broaches into the limiting groove, then insert the plug rod into the door-shaped piece and the plurality of outer surface broaches at the same time, and fix the plurality of outer surface broaches on the door-shaped piece;

[0018] Step four: press the plurality of outer surface broaches tightly by moving the two clamping seats towards each other, so that the plurality of outer surface broaches become a whole;

[0019] Step five: broach the workpiece through the plurality of outer surface broaches. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic structure of a broaching machine Figure One ;

[0022] Figure 2Structure diagram of a broaching machine Figure Two ;

[0023] Figure 3 Structure diagram of a broaching machine Figure Three ;

[0024] Figure 4 Structure diagram of a broaching machine Figure Four ;

[0025] Figure 5 Structure diagram of a broaching machine Figure Five ;

[0026] Figure 6 Structure diagram of an external surface broach Figure One ;

[0027] Figure 7 Structure diagram of an external surface broach Figure Two ;

[0028] Figure 8 Structure diagram of a door-shaped piece Figure One ;

[0029] Figure 9 Structure diagram of a door-shaped piece Figure Two ;

[0030] Figure 10 Structure diagram of a horizontal strip Figure One ;

[0031] Figure 11 Structure diagram of a horizontal strip Figure Two ;

[0032] Figure 12 Structure diagram of a support

[0033] Figure 13 Structure diagram of a workbench

[0034] In the figure: external surface broach 101; insertion hole 102; horizontal slot 103; broaching tooth 104;

[0035] Door-shaped piece 201; insertion rod 202; telescopic rod one 203; guide rod 204; clamping seat 205; convex seat 206; screw nut 207; horizontal rod 208; limiting slot 209;

[0036] Horizontal strip 301; convex rib 302; rotating wheel 303; wheel frame 304; telescopic rod two 305; convex strip 306; baffle 307;

[0037] Support 401; telescopic rod three 402; vertical column 403; square seat 404; screw rod 405; motor 406; motor frame 407;

[0038] Workbench 501; leg 502; magnetic table 503; round rod 504. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] As Figures 6-9 shown;

[0040] Since the broaching machine tool comprises the outer surface broach 101, the outer surface broach 101 is provided with a plurality of, the lower right part of the outer surface broach 101 is uniformly distributed with a plurality of broaching teeth 104, the plurality of broaching teeth 104 increases in height from left to right in turn, the left part of the outer surface broach 101 is provided with the insertion hole 102, a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 are arranged in front of and behind each other, the insertion rod 202 passes through a plurality of insertion holes 102 at the same time, the left end of a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 is limited to the same position through the insertion rod 202, so that a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 are aligned, and then a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 are arranged in front of and behind each other, a different number of outer surface broaches 101 are set according to the different width of the broaching required, the total width of the broach is adjusted, and the different width of the broach combined by a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 is convenient for broaching the outer surface of the workpiece; during broaching, the broach moves linearly relative to the workpiece, and the machining allowance of the workpiece is sequentially removed by the teeth on the broach. Each tooth is higher than the previous tooth by a certain amount, which is called tooth rise. In this way, the broach can gradually remove the material on the workpiece with less cutting force, and the machining allowance is removed layer by layer, finally reaching the required size and shape. If the broaching teeth are of the same height, this layered cutting cannot be achieved, which may result in excessive cutting force beyond the bearing range of the machine tool and the cutter, or the machining precision is difficult to guarantee due to too much material removed at one time.

[0041] As Figures 6-9 shown;

[0042] Since the broaching machine tool further comprises the door-shaped piece 201, the door-shaped piece 201 is provided with the limiting groove 209, the left end of a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 is inserted into the limiting groove 209, and the front and rear ends of the insertion rod 202 are inserted into the front and rear sides of the door-shaped piece 201, respectively. The front and rear ends of the insertion rod 202 are both threadedly connected with the blocking head. Since the left end of a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 is inserted into the limiting groove 209, it is ensured that each outer surface broach 101 is limited to a horizontal position, so that a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 are horizontally arranged. The insertion rod 202 limits a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 on the door-shaped piece 201, so that a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 are aligned while avoiding disengagement of a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 from the door-shaped piece 201, and a plurality of outer surface broaches 101 are all installed on the door-shaped piece 201.

[0043] Further, in a preferred embodiment, the broaching machine is used to process metal parts of small electronic devices, which are small in size and high in precision. The door-shaped part 201 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy material, with a height of 200 mm, a width of 300 mm, and a thickness of 20 mm. The width of the limiting groove 209 is designed to be 10 mm, and the depth is 15 mm.

[0044] The outer surface broach 101 is made of hard alloy material, with a length of 150 mm, a rectangular cross section, a width of 8 mm, and a height of 12 mm. Five outer surface broaches 101 are used for broaching operation this time.

[0045] The plug rod 202 is made of stainless steel material, with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 350 mm. The blocking head is a standard stainless steel hexagonal nut.

[0046] As shown in Figures 6-9 ;

[0047] Since the broaching machine also includes two clamping seats 205, both of which are arranged on the inner side of the door-shaped part 201, and each clamping seat 205 has two guide rods 204 welded on the outer side, the guide rods 204 are slidingly connected to the corresponding side of the door-shaped part 201, and the door-shaped part 201 is fixed with two telescopic rods 203 on both sides, the ends of the two telescopic rods 203 are fixed on the two clamping seats 205 respectively, and the two clamping seats 205 are pressed on the two outer surface broaches 101 on the outermost side, each clamping seat 205 can move forward and backward on the door-shaped part 201 through the two guide rods 204 thereon, and the clamping seat 205 can be driven to move forward and backward by the extension and contraction of the telescopic rod 203, and the two clamping seats 205 are driven to move closer to each other, and then the multiple outer surface broaches 101 arranged are pressed tightly together, so that the multiple outer surface broaches 101 are tightly fitted together to form a complete broach.

[0048] As shown in Figures 6-11 ;

[0049] Due to the upper side of the door-shaped piece 201 is fixed with the boss 206, the cross strip 301 is transversely slidingly connected on the boss 206, the right part of the cross strip 301 is connected with a plurality of wheel frames 304 from left to right through bolts, each wheel frame 304 is rotatably connected with a rotating wheel 303, and the plurality of rotating wheels 303 are in contact with the upper side of the plurality of outer surface broaches 101 and support the plurality of outer surface broaches 101 on the upper side of the plurality of outer surface broaches 101, so as to prevent the plurality of outer surface broaches 101 from being deformed and lifted during broaching. The supporting design of the plurality of rotating wheels 303 shows excellent stability improvement effect in actual broaching operation. When the outer surface broach 101 is subjected to high-strength broaching, it will bear a large cutting force. Without effective support, the broach is easy to be deformed and lifted due to uneven force, which not only affects the broaching precision, but also may cause the broach to be damaged. The close support of the plurality of rotating wheels 303, like building a stable defense line, firmly limits the broach in the predetermined position.

[0050] As shown in Figures 10-11 ;

[0051] Since the broaching machine also includes two baffles 307, the two baffles 307 are slidingly connected on the plurality of rotating wheels 303 in the front and rear directions, one of the wheel frames 304 is fixed with a telescopic rod two 305, and the ends of the two telescopic rods two 305 are fixed on the outer sides of the two baffles 307. The front and rear movements of the two baffles 307 are respectively controlled by the extension and retraction of the two telescopic rods two 305, so as to control the distance between the two baffles 307. According to the total width of the plurality of outer surface broaches 101, the two baffles 307 are adjusted to limit the overall broach formed by the plurality of outer surface broaches 101 in front and back, so as to prevent the overall broach from shaking in the front and back direction during left and right movement broaching. In high-load and long-time broaching operation, the stable state of the broach also has a crucial influence on the overall stability and reliability of the equipment. Since the baffles 307 effectively suppress the front and back shaking of the broach, unnecessary friction and collision between the broach and other parts of the machine tool due to abnormal vibration are reduced. This not only prolongs the service life of the broach, reduces the frequency of tool replacement, and reduces the equipment failure rate.

[0052] As shown in Figures 6-7 and 10-11;

[0053] Due to the two sides of each outer surface broach 101 are provided with transverse groove 103, the lower edge of the two opposite sides of the baffle plate 307 are provided with convex rib 302, the two convex ribs 302 are respectively inserted in the corresponding transverse groove 103 of the outermost two outer surface broach 101, the outermost two outer surface broach 101 slides left and right along the convex rib 302 on the two baffle plates 307 through the transverse groove 103 on it, further improve the stability of the broach when the left and right broaching of the workpiece outer surface. The cooperation of this transverse groove 103 and convex rib 302 design shows excellent performance in complex broaching environment. When facing the workpiece material with high hardness, the cutting force generated in the broaching process will increase sharply, and the pressure borne by the broach will also increase sharply. The stable sliding connection structure makes the broach still maintain a smooth running track under the strong cutting force, ensuring that every broaching action is accurate and accurate. For example, when machining high-strength alloy steel workpiece, ordinary broaching equipment may cause machining precision deviation to reach ±0.1mm or even higher due to the instability of the broach, while the broaching machine with this special structure can control the precision deviation within ±0.03mm, greatly improving the product quality.

[0054] Further, in a preferred embodiment, the transverse groove 103 between the two adjacent outer surface broach 101 has a unique design, which can insert a strip-shaped pad. When these strip-shaped pads are accurately inserted into the transverse groove 103, a uniform gap is formed between the multiple outer surface broach 101. This gap layout plays a key role in the broaching process, which enables the broach to cut stably and orderly on the plane, and then accurately broaches multiple equidistant grooves. This technique uses the combination structure of broach and pad to evenly distribute the cutting force of the broach, ensuring the high consistency of the depth, width and spacing of each groove, providing a strong guarantee for high-precision machining of mechanical parts.

[0055] As shown in Figure 13 ;

[0056] Since the broaching machine also includes a workbench 501, the lower side of the workbench 501 is fixed with a support leg 502 at each of the four corners, and the upper side of the workbench 501 is fixed with a magnetic table 503. The workpiece to be broached is magnetically attracted to the magnetic table 503. The rear of the workbench 501 is fixed with two round rods 504, and the rear side of the workbench 501 is fixed with two protrusions 306. The rear of the two protrusions 306 is vertically slidably connected to the two round rods 504. When the workpiece approaches the magnetic table 503, the magnetic field generated by the magnetic table 503 will change the direction of the magnetic domain inside the workpiece, tending to be consistent with the direction of the external magnetic field, so that the workpiece is magnetized and becomes a temporary magnet. At this time, the magnetic table 503 and the workpiece are attracted to each other due to the interaction of the magnetic field, and the workpiece is tightly attracted to the surface of the magnetic table. In this way, the workpiece can remain in a fixed position during the broaching process, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the broaching process. The two protrusions 306 can be raised and lowered on the two round rods 504, so that the cross bar 301, the plurality of rotating wheels 303 and the wheel frame 304 are always above the workbench 501, so that the plurality of rotating wheels 303 always support the upper side of the plurality of outer surface broaches 101 during the left and right broaching of the plurality of outer surface broaches 101, improving the stability of the plurality of outer surface broaches 101 during operation.

[0057] As shown in Figures 8-9 and 12;

[0058] Since the left side of the door-shaped piece 201 is welded with two horizontal rods 208, the two horizontal rods 208 are horizontally slidably connected to the square seat 404. The square seat 404 is connected with a motor frame 407 through bolts, and the motor frame 407 is connected with a motor 406 through bolts. The output shaft of the motor 406 is connected with a lead screw 405 through a shaft coupling. The convex seat 206 is fixed with a lead screw nut 207, and the lead screw 405 is threadedly connected with the lead screw nut 207. The lead screw 405 is driven to rotate by the motor 406, thereby driving the convex seat 206 and the door-shaped piece 201 to move left and right. At this time, the two horizontal rods 208 slide left and right on the square seat 404, and the plurality of outer surface broaches 101 are driven to move left and right when the door-shaped piece 201 moves left and right, thereby driving the outer surface broaches 101 to perform broaching operation.

[0059] As shown in Figure 12 ;

[0060] Since the lower side of the square seat 404 is fixed with a vertical column 403, the vertical column 403 is vertically slidably connected to the support 401. The support 401 is fixed with a telescopic rod three 402, and the upper end of the telescopic rod three 402 is fixed to the motor frame 407. The square seat 404, the lead screw 405, the motor 406 and the motor frame 407 are driven to rise and fall by the telescopic rod three 402, thereby driving the two horizontal rods 208 and the square seat 404 to rise and fall, and thereby driving the plurality of outer surface broaches 101 to rise and fall, and thereby driving the plurality of outer surface broaches 101 to approach or move away from the workpiece.

[0061] A broaching method of a broaching machine, the broaching method comprising the steps of:

[0062] Step one: fix the workpiece on the magnetic table 503 by magnetic attraction;

[0063] Step two: adjust the number of outer surface broaches 101 according to the width of the required broaching, and arrange multiple outer surface broaches 101 in front and back;

[0064] Step three: insert the left end of multiple outer surface broaches 101 into the limiting groove 209, then insert the insertion rod 202 on the door-shaped part 201 and multiple outer surface broaches 101 at the same time, and fix multiple outer surface broaches 101 on the door-shaped part 201;

[0065] Step four: press multiple outer surface broaches 101 tightly by moving two clamping seats 205 closer to each other, so that multiple outer surface broaches 101 become a whole;

[0066] Step five: broach the workpiece by multiple outer surface broaches 101.

Claims

1. A broaching machine tool, comprising an outer surface broach (101), characterized in that: The outer surface broach (101) is provided in multiple ways. Multiple broaching teeth (104) are evenly distributed on the lower right side of the outer surface broach (101). The height of the multiple broaching teeth (104) increases sequentially from left to right. An insertion hole (102) is provided on the left side of the outer surface broach (101). The multiple outer surface broaches (101) are arranged in close contact with each other. The insertion rod (202) passes through the multiple insertion holes (102) at the same time. It also includes a gate-shaped component (201), which is provided with a limiting groove (209). The left ends of multiple outer surface broaches (101) are inserted into the limiting groove (209). The front and rear ends of the insert rod (202) are respectively inserted into the front and rear sides of the gate-shaped component (201). The front and rear ends of the insert rod (202) are threaded with a blocking head. It also includes two clamping seats (205), both of which are located on the inner side of the gate-shaped component (201). Two guide rods (204) are fixed on the outer side of each clamping seat (205). The guide rods (204) are slidably connected to the corresponding side of the gate-shaped component (201). Telescopic rods (203) are fixed on both sides of the gate-shaped component (201). The ends of the two telescopic rods (203) are fixed on the two clamping seats (205) respectively. The two clamping seats (205) press on the two outermost outer surface pullers (101) respectively. The upper side of the gate-shaped component (201) is fixed with a boss (206), and the horizontal bar (301) is slidably connected to the boss (206). Multiple wheel frames (304) are fixed from left to right on the right side of the horizontal bar (301). Each wheel frame (304) is rotatably connected with a rotating wheel (303). The multiple rotating wheels (303) are in contact with the upper side of multiple outer surface broaches (101). It also includes two baffles (307), both of which are slidably connected to multiple rotating wheels (303) in the front-back direction. One of the wheel frames (304) is fixed with a telescopic rod (305), and the ends of the two telescopic rods (305) are respectively fixed to the outside of the two baffles (307). Each of the outer surface broaches (101) has a transverse groove (103) on both the front and rear sides, and the lower edges of the two baffles (307) on opposite sides are provided with protrusions (302). The two protrusions (302) are respectively inserted into the corresponding transverse grooves (103) on the two outermost outer surface broaches (101).

2. The broaching machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a worktable (501), with support legs (502) fixed at the four corners of the lower side of the worktable (501), and a magnetic suction table (503) fixed on the upper side of the worktable (501). The workpiece to be broached is magnetically attracted to the magnetic suction table (503). Two round rods (504) are fixed at the rear of the worktable (501), and two protrusions (306) are fixed at the rear side of the worktable (501). The rear parts of the two protrusions (306) are vertically slidably connected to the two round rods (504).

3. A broaching machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two crossbars (208) are fixed on the left side of the gate-shaped component (201). Both crossbars (208) are slidably connected to the square base (404). A motor frame (407) is fixed on the square base (404). A motor (406) is fixed on the motor frame (407). A lead screw (405) is fixed on the output shaft of the motor (406). A lead screw nut (207) is fixed on the boss (206). The lead screw (405) is engaged with the lead screw nut (207) through threads.

4. A broaching machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: A vertical column (403) is fixed to the lower side of the square base (404). The vertical column (403) is vertically slidably connected to the bracket (401). A telescopic rod three (402) is fixed on the bracket (401). The upper end of the telescopic rod three (402) is fixed on the motor frame (407).

5. A broaching method using a broaching machine tool as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The broaching method includes the following steps: Step 1: Magnetically attach the workpiece to the magnetic suction table (503) and fix it in place; Step 2: Adjust the number of outer surface broaches (101) according to the required broaching width, and arrange multiple outer surface broaches (101) in a front-to-back fit together; Step 3: Insert the left ends of multiple outer surface broaches (101) into the limiting groove (209), and then insert the insert rod (202) into the gate-shaped part (201) and multiple outer surface broaches (101) at the same time to fix the multiple outer surface broaches (101) onto the gate-shaped part (201); Step 4: Press the multiple outer surface broaches (101) together by bringing the two clamping seats (205) close to each other, so that the multiple outer surface broaches (101) become a whole; Step 5: Broach the workpiece using multiple external surface broaches (101).

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