Spindle dust blowing structure, electric spindle and machine tool
By designing a cylinder, shaft core, and tie rod assembly in the spindle dust blowing structure, and using a shared air and liquid inlet hole to switch between center water outlet and dust blowing functions, the problem of center water outlet and water vapor corrosion that cannot be achieved in the existing technology is solved, the connection accuracy and life of the spindle are improved, and the structure is made more compact.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
The existing dust blowing structure cannot achieve the function of central water outlet, and the air passage with water vapor is prone to causing the spring to rust, affecting the connection accuracy and life of the baffle.
A spindle dust blowing structure was designed, which adopts a hydraulic cylinder, shaft core and tie rod assembly. The switching between center water outlet and dust blowing functions is realized by sharing an air inlet and liquid inlet hole. The dust blowing air path is used to clean the tool during tool cutting, avoiding redundancy of air path interface and improving the structural compactness.
It achieves center water outlet function without affecting the broaching state, avoids water vapor corrosion of spring, improves the connection accuracy and service life of spindle parts, and has a more compact structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN223960969U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model is applicable to the field of electric spindles for machine tools, and in particular relates to a spindle dust blowing structure, an electric spindle, and a machine tool. Background Technology
[0002] The rotating spindle of an electric spindle needs to be fitted with a tool holder, and the tool holder is fitted with a cutting tool so that various cutting operations can be performed on the parts. The connection accuracy between the tool holder and the rotating spindle is very high. In addition to ensuring the accuracy of the connection surface between the rotating spindle and the tool holder, the cleanliness of the connection surface between the rotating spindle and the tool holder is also a key factor affecting the connection accuracy between the rotating spindle and the tool holder.
[0003] Currently, some dust-blowing mechanisms use the inner hole of the drawbar as the dust-blowing air passage, which prevents the spindle from achieving the center water outlet function. Alternatively, some dust-blowing mechanisms only blow on the rotary shaft's tapered hole or only on the rotary shaft's end face, which has certain limitations. Furthermore, air passages containing moisture passing through the drawbar spring inside the drawbar can easily cause the spring to rust, leading to drawbar failure. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a spindle dust blowing structure, an electric spindle, and a machine tool.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is:
[0006] In a first aspect, a spindle dust blowing structure includes a hydraulic cylinder, a spindle core, and a pull rod assembly. The spindle core has an inner bore, and the pull rod assembly is disposed within the inner bore. The hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder body, a top cover, and a piston. The top cover is mounted on the cylinder body and defines a piston chamber inside the cylinder body. The piston is disposed in the piston chamber and has a sleeve portion that can extend into the pull rod assembly. The top cover has a central guide post inside the sleeve portion. The central guide post has an axially extending cavity inside, and a movable plug that can move axially is disposed in the cavity. The movable plug has an axial through hole. The top cover has an air inlet and a liquid inlet hole communicating with the axial through hole. The pull rod assembly has a central liquid inlet hole. The pull rod assembly and the spindle core are provided with dust blowing air passages. The dust blowing air passages form an inlet at the end of the pull rod assembly that abuts the sleeve portion and an outlet at the tool holder connection end of the spindle core.
[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the pull rod assembly includes a pull rod and a pull rod cap disposed at the end of the pull rod, the inlet is disposed at the pull rod cap, and the sleeve portion of the piston extends out and abuts against the pull rod cap, forming a channel for connecting the cavity and the inlet.
[0008] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the dust-blowing air path includes a first dust-blowing air path disposed on the pull rod cap, a second dust-blowing air path disposed on the pull rod, and a third dust-blowing air path disposed on the shaft core, wherein the first dust-blowing air path, the second dust-blowing air path, and the third dust-blowing air path can be connected in sequence to form a passage.
[0009] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first dust-blowing air passage extends axially from the inlet to the pull rod and connects with the second dust-blowing air passage. The second dust-blowing air passage extends axially inside the pull rod and forms a pull rod connecting hole on the mating surface between the pull rod and the inner hole of the shaft core. The third dust-blowing air passage extends axially inside the shaft core. One end of the third dust-blowing air passage forms a shaft core connecting hole on the mating surface between the shaft core and the pull rod. The other end of the third dust-blowing air passage forms the outlet. The pull rod connecting hole and the shaft core connecting hole can be staggered and sealed when the pull rod is drawing the blade, and the pull rod connecting hole and the shaft core connecting hole can be connected and communicated when the pull rod is cutting the blade.
[0010] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the dust blowing air path includes a plurality of first dust blowing air paths, a plurality of second dust blowing air paths, and a plurality of third dust blowing air paths.
[0011] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementation, in some implementations of the first aspect, the outer circumferential surface of the pull rod is provided with a first annular groove, and a plurality of pull rod connecting holes of the second dust blowing air passage are disposed in the first annular groove.
[0012] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some implementation methods of the first aspect, the inner wall surface of the inner hole of the shaft core is provided with a second annular groove, and the shaft core connecting holes of the plurality of third dust blowing air passages are disposed in the second annular groove.
[0013] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some implementation methods of the first aspect, the tool holder connecting end of the shaft core is provided with a tool holder mounting tapered hole, and the third dust blowing air passage has a first branch and a second branch, the first branch extending to the tapered surface of the tool holder mounting tapered hole, and the second branch extending to the end face of the shaft core.
[0014] In a second aspect, an electric spindle includes the spindle blowing structure described in any implementation of the first aspect.
[0015] Thirdly, a machine tool comprising an electric spindle as described in any implementation of the second aspect.
[0016] One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: In the spindle broaching process of this utility model, the spindle does not need to be blown clean. If the spindle needs to use the center water outlet function, the moving plug will move to connect with the center liquid passage hole of the drawbar assembly. Coolant enters through the air inlet and liquid outlet holes and is introduced into the center liquid passage hole. The center water outlet function is used normally, and it will not flow out from the dust blowing air path, nor will it affect the broaching state. During the spindle tool cutting process, the center water outlet function is stopped. The hydraulic cylinder piston moves downward under the action of hydraulic pressure, and the hydraulic cylinder piston will push the drawbar assembly downward. During this process, the air inlet and liquid outlet holes are connected to the dust blowing air path, and the dust blowing air path is open. Air is discharged through the air inlet and liquid outlet holes, and blowing air through the dust blowing air path can achieve the effect of cleaning the end face of the spindle rotating shaft and the tool holder. The technical solution of this utility model allows the dust blowing structure and the central water outlet to share the same air and liquid inlet holes, and makes full use of the working state of the cutting and pulling cutters. Without occupying other resources, the dust blowing air path interface is eliminated, making the electric spindle structure more compact.
[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description
[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the broaching state of one embodiment of the spindle dust blowing structure of this utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tool-cutting state of an embodiment of the spindle dust blowing structure of this utility model;
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the central water outlet state in one embodiment of the main shaft dust blowing structure of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0022] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present utility model. The preferred embodiments of the present utility model are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present utility model, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present utility model.
[0023] In this utility model, when directions (up, down, left, right, front, and back) are described, it is only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of this utility model, and does not indicate or imply that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.
[0024] In this utility model, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc. are understood to exclude the stated number; "above," "below," "within," etc. are understood to include the stated number. In the description of this utility model, if "first" or "second" is used, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or the order of the indicated technical features.
[0025] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrally formed connection; a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection capable of mutual communication; or the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific content of the technical solution.
[0026] in, Figure 1 The reference direction coordinate system of this utility model embodiment is given below, in conjunction with Figure 1 The embodiments of this utility model will be described in the directions shown.
[0027] See Figure 1This utility model provides a spindle dust blowing structure, including a hydraulic cylinder 100, a shaft core 200, and a pull rod assembly 300. The shaft core 200 has a shaft core inner hole 201, and the pull rod assembly 300 is disposed in the shaft core inner hole 201. The hydraulic cylinder 100 includes a cylinder body 101, a top cover 102, and a piston 103. The top cover 102 is installed on the cylinder body 101 and defines a piston chamber 104 inside the cylinder body 101. The piston 103 is disposed in the piston chamber 104 and has a sleeve portion 105 that can extend into the pull rod assembly 300. The top cover 102 has a central guide post 106 inside the sleeve portion 105. The central guide post 106 has an axially extending cavity 107 inside the cavity 107. The device includes a movable plug 400 that can move axially, and the movable plug 400 has an axial through hole 401. The top cover 102 has an air inlet and liquid inlet hole 108 that communicates with the axial through hole 401. The air inlet and liquid inlet hole 108 is located above the movable plug 400. The pull rod assembly 300 has a central liquid inlet hole 301 for introducing liquids such as cooling water. The embodiment of this utility model is described with the introduction of cooling water as an example. The end of the pull rod assembly 300 is provided with a rotary seal 302. The pull rod assembly 300 and the shaft core 200 are provided with a dust blowing air passage. The dust blowing air passage forms an inlet 501 at the end of the pull rod assembly 300 that is connected to the sleeve part 105, and forms an outlet at the tool holder connection end of the shaft core 200.
[0028] See Figure 1 During the spindle broaching process, the spindle does not need to be blown out. If the spindle needs to use the center water outlet function, the moving plug 400 will move to connect with the center liquid passage 301 of the broach assembly 300. The coolant enters through the air inlet and liquid outlet 108 and is introduced into the center liquid passage 301. The center water outlet function is used normally, and it will not flow out from the dust blowing air passage, nor will it affect the broaching state.
[0029] See Figure 2 During the spindle tool-cutting process, the center water outlet function is stopped. The piston 103 of the hydraulic cylinder 100 moves downward under the action of hydraulic pressure. The piston 103 of the hydraulic cylinder 100 pushes the tie rod assembly 300 downward. During this process, the air inlet and liquid inlet 108 are connected to the dust blowing air passage. The dust blowing air passage is open, and the air inlet and liquid inlet 108 discharges air. By blowing air through the dust blowing air passage, the end face of the spindle rotating shaft 200 and the tool holder can be cleaned.
[0030] See Figure 3 During the water discharge process at the center of the electric spindle, the dust blowing function is stopped. The rotating seal 302 of the moving plug 400 and the pull rod assembly 300 is connected. At this time, the water discharge channel at the center is open, while the air blowing channel is blocked, which can effectively ensure the normal use of the water discharge function at the center.
[0031] The movable plug 400 can be directly or indirectly installed on the top cover 102, for example, in some embodiments, see [reference needed]. Figure 1 The top cover 102 is provided with a fixed mounting base 109, which is provided with an axial floating mounting hole. The movable plug 400 is inserted into the axial floating mounting hole. The movable plug 400 can move downward along the axial floating mounting hole under the action of the water flow injected into the air inlet and liquid inlet hole 108, thereby connecting and communicating with the central liquid passage hole 301 of the pull rod assembly 300 to achieve central water outlet.
[0032] The technical solution of this utility model allows the dust blowing structure and the central water outlet to share the air and liquid inlet holes 108, and makes full use of the working state of the cutting and pulling cutters. Without occupying other resources, the dust blowing air path interface is eliminated, making the electric spindle structure more compact.
[0033] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The pull rod assembly 300 includes a pull rod 303 and a pull rod cap 304 disposed at the end of the pull rod 303. The pull rod cap 304 is used to abut against the sleeve portion 105 of the piston 103 when the blade is applied, so as to realize the transmission of the force of the hydraulic cylinder 100 to the pull rod assembly 300. The inlet 501 of the dust blowing air passage is disposed at the pull rod cap 304. After the sleeve portion 105 of the piston 103 extends out, it can abut against the pull rod cap 304 and form a channel connecting the concave cavity 107 and the inlet 501.
[0034] See Figure 1 In the drawbar position, the hydraulic cylinder 100 drives the piston 103 to reset, the sleeve portion 105 of the piston 103 retracts into the hydraulic cylinder 100, the sleeve portion 105 of the piston 103 separates from the drawbar cap 304, and the cavity 107 disconnects from the inlet 501 of the dust-blowing air passage of the drawbar assembly 300. See also Figure 2 In the tool-holding state, the hydraulic cylinder piston 103 moves downward under the action of hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic cylinder piston 103 abuts against the pull rod cap 304 and pushes the pull rod cap 304 to move downward. During this process, the sleeve portion 105 of the piston 103 abuts against the end face of the pull rod cap 304, thereby connecting the cavity 107 with the inlet 501 of the dust-blowing air passage of the pull rod assembly 300. The air inlet and liquid inlet hole 108 discharges air, and the dust-blowing air passage blows air, which can achieve the function of cleaning the tool holder connection end of the spindle rotating shaft core 200.
[0035] In some embodiments, see Figures 1-3The dust-blowing air path includes a first dust-blowing air path 502 disposed on the pull rod cap 304, a second dust-blowing air path 503 disposed on the pull rod 303, and a third dust-blowing air path 504 disposed on the shaft core 200. The first dust-blowing air path 502, the second dust-blowing air path 503, and the third dust-blowing air path 504 can be connected sequentially to form a passage. In this embodiment, the dust-blowing air paths are respectively formed on the pull rod cap 304, the pull rod 303, and the shaft core 200, avoiding the spring 305 of the pull rod assembly 300. This ensures that the dust-blowing air path does not pass through the spring, preventing water vapor and other impurities from being introduced into critical components such as the spring, and effectively improving the service life of the spindle components.
[0036] Further, see Figures 1-3 The first dust-blowing air passage 502 extends axially from the inlet 501 to the pull rod 303 and connects with the second dust-blowing air passage 503. The second dust-blowing air passage 503 extends axially inside the pull rod 303 and forms a pull rod connecting hole 505 on the mating surface between the pull rod 303 and the inner hole 201 of the shaft core. The third dust-blowing air passage 504 extends axially inside the shaft core 200. One end of the third dust-blowing air passage 504 forms a shaft core connecting hole 506 on the mating surface between the shaft core 200 and the pull rod 303. The other end of the third dust-blowing air passage 504 forms an outlet. The pull rod connecting hole 505 and the shaft core connecting hole 506 can be staggered and sealed when the pull rod 303 is drawing the tool, and the pull rod connecting hole 505 and the shaft core connecting hole 506 can be connected and connected when the pull rod 303 is cutting the tool.
[0037] See Figure 1 During the broaching process of the electric spindle, the spindle does not require dust blowing. At this time, the connecting hole 505 of the pull rod is sealed by the shaft core 200, and the connecting hole 506 of the shaft core is sealed by the pull rod 303, making the entire dust blowing air path inactive. This design effectively ensures that the working state of the broach is not affected by any external factors. If the electric spindle needs to use the center water outlet function at this time, the moving plug 400 will move to connect with the rotary seal 302, allowing the center water outlet function to operate normally without leaking from the dust blowing air path and affecting the broach's condition.
[0038] See Figure 2 During the tool-cutting process of the electric spindle, the center water outlet function is not used. The hydraulic cylinder piston 103 moves downward under the action of hydraulic pressure, which pushes the drawbar cap 304 downward. The drawbar 303 also moves downward under the force from the drawbar cap 304. When the hydraulic cylinder piston 103 moves to the designed tool-cutting position, the drawbar connecting hole 505 and the shaft connecting hole 506 are connected and connected. The air inlet and liquid inlet hole 108 discharges air, which is blown through the dust blowing air passage to clean the end face of the spindle rotating shaft 200 and the tool holder.
[0039] One or more dust blowing air passages may be provided, for example, in some embodiments, see [reference needed]. Figure 1The dust-blowing air path includes multiple first dust-blowing air paths 502, multiple second dust-blowing air paths 503, and multiple third dust-blowing air paths 504. The multiple first dust-blowing air paths 502 are distributed circumferentially along the pull rod cap 304, the multiple second dust-blowing air paths 503 are distributed circumferentially along the pull rod 303, and the multiple third dust-blowing air paths 504 are distributed circumferentially along the shaft core 200. By setting multiple dust-blowing air paths distributed circumferentially, the dust-blowing effect at the tool holder connection end of the shaft core 200 can be improved.
[0040] Further, see Figure 1 The outer circumferential surface of the pull rod 303 is provided with a first annular groove 507, and the pull rod connecting holes 505 of the multiple second dust-blowing air passages 503 are disposed in the first annular groove 507. The inner wall surface of the shaft core inner hole 201 is provided with a second annular groove 508, and the shaft core connecting holes 506 of the multiple third dust-blowing air passages 504 are disposed in the second annular groove 508. The airflow of the multiple dust-blowing air passages can be evenly distributed through the annular grooves, facilitating the smooth flow of airflow between the second dust-blowing air passages 503 and the third dust-blowing air passages 504.
[0041] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The spindle core 200 has a tool holder mounting tapered hole 202 at its tool holder connecting end. The third dust-blowing air passage 504 has a first branch 509 and a second branch 510. The first branch 509 extends to the tapered surface of the tool holder mounting tapered hole 202, and the second branch 510 extends to the end face of the spindle core 200. The airflow from the first branch 509 can clean the tapered surface of the spindle core 200, and the airflow from the second branch 510 can clean the end face of the spindle core 200. This embodiment can simultaneously clean both the tapered surface and the end face of the spindle core 200, greatly improving the spindle dust-blowing performance.
[0042] An embodiment of this utility model also provides an electric spindle, including the spindle dust blowing structure of any of the above embodiments.
[0043] An embodiment of this utility model also provides a machine tool, including the electric spindle in any of the above embodiments.
[0044] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "example," "embodiment," or "some embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0045] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A spindle dust blowing structure, characterized in that, The device includes a hydraulic cylinder, a shaft, and a pull rod assembly. The shaft has an inner bore, and the pull rod assembly is disposed within the inner bore. The hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder body, a top cover, and a piston. The top cover is mounted on the cylinder body and defines a piston chamber inside the cylinder body. The piston is disposed in the piston chamber and has a sleeve portion that can extend into the pull rod assembly. The top cover has a central guide post inside the sleeve portion, and the central guide post has an axially extending cavity inside. The cavity has a movable plug that can move axially, and the movable plug has an axial through hole. The top cover has an air inlet and a liquid inlet hole communicating with the axial through hole. The pull rod assembly has a central liquid inlet hole. The pull rod assembly and the shaft have a dust-blowing air passage. The dust-blowing air passage forms an inlet at the end of the pull rod assembly that connects to the sleeve portion and an outlet at the tool holder connection end of the shaft.
2. The spindle dust blowing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pull rod assembly includes a pull rod and a pull rod cap disposed at the end of the pull rod. The inlet is disposed at the pull rod cap. After the sleeve portion of the piston extends out, it can abut against the pull rod cap and form a channel connecting the cavity and the inlet.
3. The spindle dust blowing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dust blowing air passage includes a first dust blowing air passage disposed on the pull rod cap, a second dust blowing air passage disposed on the pull rod, and a third dust blowing air passage disposed on the shaft core. The first dust blowing air passage, the second dust blowing air passage, and the third dust blowing air passage can be connected in sequence to form a passage.
4. The spindle dust blowing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first dust-blowing air passage extends axially from the inlet to the pull rod and connects with the second dust-blowing air passage. The second dust-blowing air passage extends axially inside the pull rod and forms a pull rod connection hole on the mating surface between the pull rod and the inner hole of the shaft core. The third dust-blowing air passage extends axially inside the shaft core. One end of the third dust-blowing air passage forms a shaft core connection hole on the mating surface between the shaft core and the pull rod. The other end of the third dust-blowing air passage forms the outlet. The pull rod connection hole and the shaft core connection hole can be staggered and sealed when the pull rod is drawing the blade, and the pull rod connection hole and the shaft core connection hole can be connected and communicated when the pull rod is cutting the blade.
5. The spindle dust blowing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dust blowing air path includes multiple first dust blowing air paths, multiple second dust blowing air paths, and multiple third dust blowing air paths.
6. The spindle dust blowing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer circumferential surface of the pull rod is provided with a first annular groove, and a plurality of pull rod connection holes of the second dust blowing air passage are provided in the first annular groove.
7. The spindle dust blowing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the shaft core is provided with a second annular groove, and the shaft core connection holes of the multiple third dust blowing air passages are provided in the second annular groove.
8. The spindle dust blowing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tool holder connection end of the shaft core is provided with a tool holder mounting tapered hole, and the third dust blowing air passage has a first branch and a second branch. The first branch extends to the tapered surface of the tool holder mounting tapered hole, and the second branch extends to the end face of the shaft core.
9. An electric spindle, characterized in that, The spindle dust blowing structure includes any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A machine tool, characterized in that, Includes the electric spindle as described in claim 9.