Hydraulic experiment system

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic experiment system which comprises a hydraulic reversing array and an experiment hydraulic device. The hydraulic reversing array is used for realizing oil path connection and oil path switching among the experimental hydraulic devices; the hydraulic reversing array is a two-dimensional array composed of a plurality of four-way reversing valves, and any two adjacent four-way reversing valves are directly connected through one branch-free oil way only through the corresponding unique oil inlet and outlet. The experimental hydraulic device is connected with the hydraulic reversing array through one or two oil inlets / outlets which are positioned on the four-way reversing valves on the four sides of the hydraulic reversing array and are not communicated with the adjacent four-way reversing valves; the four-way reversing valve realizes 14 or 15 different logic on-off relations of the first oil inlet / outlet, the second oil inlet / outlet, the third oil inlet / outlet and the fourth oil inlet / outlet through 14 or 15 different position functions; and the experimental hydraulic device is used for forming a hydraulic experimental loop under the assistance of the hydraulic reversing array. The system has the advantage that loop switching is easy and convenient, and oil leakage and oil pollution can be effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic experimental equipment, and particularly to a hydraulic experimental system. Background Art

[0002] In the existing hydraulic experimental equipment technology, each experimental system usually constitutes a hydraulic circuit with a determined function, or can only constitute a few hydraulic circuits with similar functions to complete the predetermined hydraulic circuit experiment. In the experimental teaching of the hydraulic transmission course, the experimental bench for course experimental teaching needs to conduct more types of circuit experiments to cooperate with the teaching. To achieve more hydraulic circuits with large functional differences in the existing experimental system, currently, only the connecting pipelines between the experimental hydraulic devices can be removed and then the connection relationship can be changed. Although the oil pipes with quick-change joints at both ends are generally used to connect the hydraulic components in the experimental system, the disassembly and assembly work is still cumbersome, requires strong skills, and it is difficult to avoid oil leakage and oil pollution during the disassembly and assembly process. In addition, the above manual operation method cannot realize a remotely fully controlled hydraulic experiment.

[0003] The patent number is 201910263758.7, and the patent name is "A Remote Hydraulic Experiment Teaching System Combining Virtual and Real". It discloses a remote hydraulic experiment virtual simulation teaching system combining virtual and real. In the part combining virtual and real, students remotely call the AutomationStudio software on the experimental bench to simulate the hydraulic circuit, and can modify and optimize the hydraulic circuit according to their own ideas, and finally connect to the hydraulic experimental bench for actual operation. The system also adds devices such as a network high-definition camera, a network digital video recorder, a switch, a camera bracket, a router, etc. to form a feedback system. Through this feedback system, students can view the real-time operation status of the hydraulic experimental bench. However, this invention patent fails to solve the most critical problem of remotely operating the connection and transformation of the experimental circuit pipelines. It still requires manual disassembly and assembly of the pipelines to realize the connection and transformation of the experimental circuit, and requires the cooperation of the experimental operator next to the experimental bench to manually complete the above work. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic experimental system, which can realize multiple functional hydraulic circuits without re-disassembling and assembling the oil pipe oil circuit, has the advantage of simple circuit switching, can effectively avoid oil leakage and oil pollution, and can realize remotely fully controlled hydraulic experiments with the cooperation of a control device, a server and a remote terminal.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A hydraulic experimental system includes a hydraulic commutation array and experimental hydraulic devices connected to the hydraulic commutation array;

[0007] The described hydraulic commutation array is used to achieve the oil circuit connection between various experimental hydraulic devices. By changing the on-off relationship of the oil inlet and outlet ports of the corresponding four-way commutation valves in the hydraulic commutation array, the oil circuit connection relationship between the experimental hydraulic devices is transformed into the required oil circuit connection relationship. The described experimental hydraulic devices are used to form a hydraulic experimental circuit with the assistance of the hydraulic commutation array. The present invention can flexibly change the oil circuit connection relationship between various experimental hydraulic devices, and the operation is simple;

[0008] The hydraulic commutation array is a two-dimensional array of n rows and m columns composed of n×m four-way commutation valves, where both n and m are natural numbers greater than 1. Each four-way commutation valve has 4 oil inlet and outlet ports. In the row direction and column direction of the hydraulic commutation array, any two adjacent four-way commutation valves are directly connected by only one unique oil inlet and outlet port corresponding to each other through a non-branching oil circuit, and there is no direct oil circuit connection between two non-adjacent four-way commutation valves. There is one or two oil inlet and outlet ports on the four-way commutation valves located on the four sides of the hydraulic commutation array that are not connected to adjacent four-way commutation valves. The experimental hydraulic devices are connected to the hydraulic commutation array through the one or two oil inlet and outlet ports that are not connected to adjacent four-way commutation valves. The four-way commutation valve realizes 14 different logical on-off relationships between the first oil inlet and outlet port and the fourth oil inlet and outlet port through 14 different position functions, or realizes 15 different logical on-off relationships between the first oil inlet and outlet port and the fourth oil inlet and outlet port through 15 different position functions. By changing the position functions of some or all of the four-way commutation valves in the hydraulic commutation array, the present invention can achieve a variety of oil circuit connection relationships, enabling multiple experimental hydraulic devices to form different hydraulic experimental circuits with large functional differences.

[0009] The four-way commutation valve is driven by a commutation driving device. The commutation driving device adopts a manual commutation driving device or an electric control commutation driving device. The manual commutation driving device can adopt a handle or a handwheel, and the electric control commutation driving device can adopt an electric driving device based on a driving motor. The electric driving device consists of a driving motor, an encoder, and a controller. The output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the valve core, the encoder is connected to the rotating shaft of the driving motor, and both the driving motor and the encoder are electrically connected to the controller. The controller receives the command signal, and then controls the driving motor to drive the valve core to act. The controller displays and outputs the valve core position signal feedback by the encoder.

[0010] It further includes a human-machine interaction device and a control device. The human-machine interaction device and the control device are connected through a communication bus, and the control device is connected to control the devices with electromagnetic control actions in the experimental hydraulic devices;

[0011] The human-machine interaction device is used for experimental personnel to input the experimental circuit connection requirements and experimental operation instructions, and send the experimental circuit connection requirements and experimental operation instructions to the control device. The human-machine interaction device is also used to receive and display the current position function status information of each four-way commutation valve;

[0012] A control device is configured to receive the experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions sent by a human-machine interaction device; the control device controls each four-way directional control valve to switch to the corresponding position function according to the position function of each four-way directional control valve in the experimental loop connection requirements; the control device also implements control actions on the experimental hydraulic devices according to the experimental operation instructions; the control device further receives the current position function status information of each four-way directional control valve and determines whether the connection of the experimental loop is correct.

[0013] It further includes a detection device, a camera device, a server, and more than one remote terminal; the detection device, the human-machine interaction device, and the control device are all connected through a communication bus; the camera device, the control device, and the remote terminal are all connected to the server;

[0014] The detection device includes a number of sensors, which are used to collect the status information of the experimental hydraulic devices and send it to the control device and the human-machine interaction device;

[0015] The human-machine interaction device is further configured to receive and display the status information of the experimental hydraulic devices sent by the detection device;

[0016] The control device is further configured to receive the status information of the experimental hydraulic devices sent by the detection device and perform abnormal status processing and alarm; the control device also receives the experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions sent by the remote terminal through the server and sends the status information of the experimental hydraulic devices and the current position function status information of each four-way directional control valve to the remote terminal through the server;

[0017] The remote terminal is used for remote experimenters to input the experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions and send the experimental loop connection requirements to the server through the network; the remote terminal is also used to receive and display the status information of the experimental hydraulic devices and the current position function status information of each four-way directional control valve sent by the server through the network;

[0018] The camera device is used to collect the working status video of the experimental hydraulic devices and send it to the remote terminal through the server.

[0019] The experimental hydraulic devices include different types and quantities of hydraulic components and / or hydraulic assemblies; the hydraulic components include, but are not limited to, hydraulic pumps, overflow valves, hydraulic cylinders, three-position four-way valves, adjustable throttle valves, pilot-operated check valves, balance valves, oil tanks, two-position three-way valves, one-way speed control valves, pressure gauges, pressure relays, and / or four-way directional control valves.

[0020] The four-way reversing valve described above is a rotary four-way reversing valve, which includes a valve body, a valve cover and a valve core. The valve core is rotatably arranged in the valve cavity of the valve body. The valve body is provided with first to fourth oil inlets and outlets communicating with the outside. The inner wall surface of the valve cavity is respectively provided with first to fourth mating oil ports at intervals. The first to fourth oil inlets and outlets are respectively communicated with the valve cavity through the corresponding first to fourth mating oil ports; on the outer surface of the valve core, a first ring groove and a second ring groove are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction up and down. The first ring groove and the second ring groove correspondingly form independent first and second flow cavities; on the outer surface of the valve core, 12 switching oil grooves are also arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. Each switching oil groove is only communicated with one of the first and second flow cavities; through the first ring groove, the second ring groove and the 12 switching oil grooves arranged at intervals, the valve core cooperates with the first to fourth oil inlets and outlets and the first to fourth mating oil ports arranged on the valve body to form 15 working positions distributed along the 360° circumference. By rotating the valve core to different working positions, different switching oil grooves are switched to be aligned and communicated with the mating oil ports, so as to realize different position functions between the first to fourth oil inlets and outlets; when the valve core rotates one week, each oil inlet and outlet can only be correspondingly connected with each switching oil groove through the corresponding mating oil port only once in sequence.

[0021] The present invention constructs a flow path through the oil inlets and outlets, the mating oil ports, the ring grooves and the switching oil grooves. By using 15 working positions distributed along the 360° circumference, and the special design that when the valve core rotates one week, each oil inlet and outlet can only be correspondingly connected with each switching oil groove through the corresponding mating oil port only once in sequence, when the valve core rotates to different working positions, different switching oil grooves are switched to be aligned and communicated with the mating oil ports, so as to realize different logical on-off relationships between the first oil inlet and outlet to the fourth oil inlet and outlet.

[0022] The circumferential interval angle between two adjacent working positions is θ, and the circumferential interval angle between two adjacent switching oil grooves is an integer multiple of T*θ, where T is a positive integer.

[0023] The circumferential interval angle between two adjacent working positions is 24°. With the rotation axis of the valve core as the center of the circle, the first to fourth mating oil ports are successively located at the positions of 0°, 72°, 192°, and 288°; the valve core is divided along the same circumferential indexing direction, and the 12 switching oil grooves are successively located at the positions of 0°, 24°, 48°, 72°, 96°, 120°, 144°, 168°, 192°, 240°, 264°, and 312°. Among them, the 8 switching oil grooves located at the positions of 24°, 48°, 96°, 144°, 192°, 240°, 264°, and 312° are respectively communicated with the first flow-through cavity, and the 4 switching oil grooves located at the positions of 0°, 72°, 120°, and 168° are respectively communicated with the second flow-through cavity. The above structure can ensure that when the valve core rotates one week, each oil inlet and outlet can only be correspondingly and uniquely connected with the corresponding switching oil grooves through the corresponding mating oil ports in sequence.

[0024] In order to ensure that the first ring groove and the second ring groove can be smoothly and uniquely connected with each mating oil port correspondingly, the first ring groove and the second ring groove are covered by the inner wall surface of the valve cavity, correspondingly forming independent first and second flow-through cavities; the first ring groove is higher than the first to fourth mating oil ports, the second ring groove is lower than the first to fourth mating oil ports, and the first and second flow-through cavities are not directly communicated with the first to fourth mating oil ports; the 12 switching oil grooves are all located between the first ring groove and the second ring groove.

[0025] All the switching oil grooves are located between the first ring groove and the second ring groove, and one end of each switching oil groove is open; the open ends of the 8 switching oil grooves located at the positions of 24°, 48°, 96°, 144°, 192°, 240°, 264°, and 312° face upward and are communicated with the first ring groove, and the other ends of the switching oil grooves are closed, and the lower edge of the closed end is not higher than the lower edge of the first to fourth mating oil ports; the open ends of the 4 switching oil grooves located at the positions of 0°, 72°, 120°, and 168° face downward and are communicated with the second ring groove, and the other ends of the switching oil grooves are closed, and the upper edge of the closed end is not lower than the upper edge of the first to fourth mating oil ports.

[0026] The rotary four-way reversing valve described in the present invention constructs a flow path through the oil inlet / outlet ports, mating oil ports, annular grooves, and switching oil grooves. By using 15 working positions distributed along the 360° circumference, a special design is adopted such that when the valve core rotates one full turn, each oil inlet / outlet port can only be uniquely connected to the corresponding switching oil grooves through the corresponding mating oil ports in sequence. As the valve core rotates to different working positions, different switching oil grooves are aligned and connected to the mating oil ports, realizing different position functions between the first oil inlet / outlet port and the fourth oil inlet / outlet port. The rotary four-way reversing valve in the present invention can achieve more position functions, enabling more reversing logic relationships to be realized with a single four-way valve. At the same time, it also has the advantages of simple structure and easy processing.

[0027] The hydraulic experiment system described in the present invention can conveniently and flexibly change the oil circuit connection relationship between experimental hydraulic devices only by switching the position functions of several four-way reversing valves, thereby forming experimental circuits with different functions. The operation is simple, and it effectively avoids complex tubing disassembly and oil pollution. Moreover, with the cooperation of the control device, detection device, camera device, server, and remote terminal, the experimental system can be remotely controlled, realizing true remote control of hydraulic experiments. The hydraulic experiment system provided by the present invention can enable students to obtain a better experimental experience when used for teaching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall composition structure of the hydraulic experiment system in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of 15 position functions of the four-way reversing valve adopted by the hydraulic experiment system in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the balance circuit switching of the hydraulic experiment system in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the hydraulic circuit schematic diagram based on the shown balance circuit;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the pressure-holding circuit switching of the hydraulic experiment system in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 is Figure 5 the hydraulic circuit schematic diagram based on the shown pressure-holding circuit;

[0034] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the differential connection and return oil throttle speed control circuit switching of the hydraulic experiment system in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 is Figure 7The hydraulic circuit schematic diagram of the differential connection and back oil throttle speed regulation circuit shown;

[0036] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the hydraulic experiment system with remote control function in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 It is the A-A sectional view of the rotary four-way directional control valve in the present invention, and the spool is in the initial working position;

[0038] Figure 11 It is the B-B sectional view of the rotary four-way directional control valve in the present invention, and the spool is in the initial working position;

[0039] Figure 12 It is the schematic diagram of the structure of the spool in the rotary four-way directional control valve in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 It is the C-C sectional view of the spool of the rotary four-way directional control valve in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 14 It is the D-D sectional view of the spool of the rotary four-way directional control valve in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 15 It is the E-E sectional view of the spool of the rotary four-way directional control valve in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 16 It is the schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the 12 switching oil grooves of the rotary four-way directional control valve in the present invention and the first flow passage chamber and the second flow passage chamber;

[0044] Figure 17 It is the schematic diagram of all the position functions and the corresponding connection relationships of the rotary four-way directional control valve in the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments:

[0046] As Figures 1 to 9 shown, the hydraulic experiment system described in the present invention includes a hydraulic commutation array and experimental hydraulic devices connected to the hydraulic commutation array; the hydraulic commutation array is used to establish and switch the oil circuit connection relationship between the various experimental hydraulic devices, and the experimental hydraulic devices are used to form a hydraulic experiment circuit with the assistance of the hydraulic commutation array, so as to complete the hydraulic experiment;

[0047] In the present invention, the hydraulic commutation array is specifically used to realize the oil circuit connection between the experimental hydraulic devices. By changing the on-off relationship of the oil inlet and outlet ports of the corresponding four-way directional control valve 3001 in the hydraulic commutation array, the oil circuit connection relationship between the experimental hydraulic devices is changed into the required oil circuit connection relationship;

[0048] Among them, the hydraulic commutation array is a two-dimensional array of n rows and m columns composed of n×m four-way commutation valves, where both n and m are natural numbers greater than 1; each four-way commutation valve 3001 has 4 oil inlet and outlet ports P1 to P4. In the row direction and column direction of the hydraulic commutation array, any two adjacent four-way commutation valves 3001 are directly connected by only one non-branching oil path through their respective corresponding unique oil inlet and outlet ports, and there is no direct oil path connection between two non-adjacent four-way commutation valves 3001; there is one or two oil inlet and outlet ports on the four-way commutation valves 3001 located on the four sides of the hydraulic commutation array that are not connected to the adjacent four-way commutation valves 3001, and the experimental hydraulic device is connected to the hydraulic commutation array through the one or two oil inlet and outlet ports that are not connected to the adjacent four-way commutation valves 3001;

[0049] In the present invention, the four-way commutation valve adopts a four-way commutation valve that can respectively realize 14 different logical on-off relationships between the first oil inlet and outlet port and the fourth oil inlet and outlet port through 14 different position functions, or can respectively realize 15 different logical on-off relationships between the first oil inlet and outlet port and the fourth oil inlet and outlet port through 15 different position functions. By switching the position functions of some or all of the four-way commutation valves 3001 in the hydraulic commutation array, various oil path connection relationships can be realized, enabling multiple experimental hydraulic devices to form different hydraulic experimental circuits with large functional differences.

[0050] In the present invention, the 14 different position functions of the four-way commutation valve 3001 with 14 position functions are specifically as follows:

[0051] (1) Full connection among P1, P2, P3, and P4;

[0052] (2) Connection between P1 and P2, disconnection between P3 and P4, and both P1 and P2 are disconnected from P3 and P4;

[0053] (3) Connection between P1 and P3, disconnection between P2 and P4, and both P1 and P3 are disconnected from P2 and P4;

[0054] (4) Connection between P1 and P4, disconnection between P2 and P3, and both P1 and P4 are disconnected from P2 and P3;

[0055] (5) Connection between P2 and P3, disconnection between P1 and P4, and both P2 and P3 are disconnected from P1 and P4;

[0056] (6) Connection between P2 and P4, disconnection between P1 and P3, and both P2 and P4 are disconnected from P1 and P3;

[0057] (7) Connection between P3 and P4, disconnection between P1 and P2, and both P3 and P4 are disconnected from P1 and P2;

[0058] (8) P1, P2, and P3 are connected, and P1, P2, and P3 are all disconnected from P4;

[0059] (9) P1, P2, and P4 are connected, and P1, P2, and P4 are all disconnected from P3;

[0060] (10) P1, P3, and P4 are connected, and P1, P3, and P4 are all disconnected from P2;

[0061] (11) P2, P3, and P4 are connected, and P2, P3, and P4 are all disconnected from P1;

[0062] (12) P1 and P2 are connected, P3 and P4 are connected, and P1 and P2 are disconnected from P3 and P4;

[0063] (13) P1 and P3 are connected, P2 and P4 are connected, and P1 and P3 are disconnected from P2 and P4;

[0064] (14) P1 and P4 are connected, P2 and P3 are connected, and P1 and P4 are disconnected from P2 and P3.

[0065] In the present invention, the 15 position functions realized by the four-way directional control valve 3001 with 15 position functions include all the above basic position functions, namely position functions (1) to position function (14); and additionally include the position function (15) where the oil inlet / outlet ports P1, P2, P3, and P4 are all disconnected from each other; that is

[0066] (15) P1, P2, P3, and P4 are all disconnected from each other.

[0067] In the present invention, the experimental hydraulic devices include hydraulic components and / or hydraulic assemblies of different types and quantities; hydraulic components such as hydraulic pumps, overflow valves, hydraulic cylinders, three-position four-way valves, adjustable throttle valves, pilot-operated check valves, balance valves, oil tanks, two-position three-way valves, one-way speed control valves, pressure gauges, pressure relays, and / or four-way directional control valves constituting a hydraulic commutation array. The four-way directional control valves constituting a hydraulic commutation array refer to various four-way directional control valves with the above-mentioned 14 or 15 different position functions and capable of correspondingly realizing 14 or 15 different logical on / off relationships between the first oil inlet / outlet port and the fourth oil inlet / outlet port; hydraulic assemblies are modules with set functions formed by combining hydraulic components, such as combined valves, separate combined modules composed of the hydraulic commutation array and several hydraulic components in the present invention, etc.; the types and quantities of hydraulic components and / or hydraulic assemblies are determined according to actual usage requirements. The above experimental hydraulic devices and hydraulic assemblies are conventional techniques in hydraulic experimental systems, and their connection methods, usage methods, and functions will not be elaborated herein.

[0068] In the present invention, the four-way reversing valve 3001 is driven by a reversing drive device; the reversing drive device can be a manual reversing drive device or an electric control reversing drive device; the manual reversing drive device can adopt a handle or a handwheel, and the electric control reversing drive device can adopt an electric drive device based on a drive motor. For example, the electric drive device consists of a drive motor, an encoder, and a controller. The output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the valve core, the encoder is connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor, and both the drive motor and the encoder are electrically connected to the controller. The controller receives the command signal and then controls the drive motor to drive the valve core to act. The controller displays and outputs the valve core position signal fed back by the encoder. The control method of the above drive motor is a conventional existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0069] In the present invention, the hydraulic experiment system further includes a human-machine interaction device and a control device; the human-machine interaction device and the control device are connected through a communication bus, and the control device is controllably connected to the devices with electromagnetic control actions in the experimental hydraulic devices;

[0070] The human-machine interaction device is used for an experimenter to input the experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions, and send the experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions to the control device; the human-machine interaction device is further used to receive and display the current position function status information of each four-way reversing valve 3001;

[0071] Among them, the experimental loop connection requirements refer to the specific position functions that each four-way reversing valve in the hydraulic reversing array should be set; the experimental operation instructions refer to the specific action instructions sent to the corresponding experimental hydraulic devices during the completion of the target experiment process;

[0072] The control device is used to receive the experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions sent by the human-machine interaction device; the control device controls each four-way reversing valve 3001 to switch to the corresponding position function according to the position function of each four-way reversing valve 3001 in the experimental loop connection requirements; the control device also realizes the control actions on the experimental hydraulic devices according to the experimental operation instructions; the control device also receives the current position function status information of each four-way reversing valve 3001 and judges whether the connection of the experimental loop is correct;

[0073] In the present invention, the reversing drive device adopts an electric control reversing drive device, and the position function status information corresponding to the four-way reversing valve 3001 can be directly fed back by the corresponding electric control reversing drive device; when adopting the electric control reversing drive device, the human-machine interaction device, the control device, and the electric control reversing drive device are connected through a communication bus. For example, by setting a bus interface for the electric control reversing drive device, it can receive the position function switching instruction sent by the control device, then drive the four-way reversing valve 3001 to perform position function switching, and send the current position function signal through the bus interface; the above control methods are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0074] In the present invention, the hydraulic experiment system further includes a detection device, a camera device, a server, and one or more remote terminals; the detection device, the human-machine interaction device, and the control device are all connected through a communication bus; the camera device, the control device, and the remote terminal are all connected to the server;

[0075] The detection device includes several types and quantities of sensors, which are used to collect the state information of the experimental hydraulic devices and send it to the control device and the human-machine interaction device; for example, a pressure sensor for collecting pressure information, a flow sensor for collecting flow information, a temperature sensor for collecting temperature information, a displacement sensor for collecting displacement information, or a proximity sensor for collecting position information, etc.

[0076] The human-machine interaction device is also used to receive and display the state information of the experimental hydraulic devices sent by the detection device; the human-machine interaction device can adopt a touch screen.

[0077] The control device is also used to receive the state information of the experimental hydraulic devices sent by the detection device, and perform abnormal state processing and alarm; the control device also receives the experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions sent by the remote terminal through the server, and sends the state information of the experimental hydraulic devices and the current position function state information of each four-way directional control valve 3001 to the remote terminal through the server; the control device can adopt a PLC or an embedded controller.

[0078] The remote terminal is used for remote experimenters to input experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions, and send the experimental loop connection requirements to the server through the network; the remote terminal is also used to receive and display the state information of the experimental hydraulic devices sent by the server through the network, as well as the current position function state information of each four-way directional control valve 3001;

[0079] The camera device is installed beside the experimental hydraulic devices, and is used to collect the working state video of the experimental hydraulic devices and send it to the remote terminal through the server.

[0080] Embodiment 1:

[0081] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall composition structure of Embodiment 1 in the hydraulic experiment system of the present invention. As Figure 1As shown in the figure, in Embodiment 1, the hydraulic commutation array 300 is a commutation valve array composed of 7×6 four-way commutation valves 3001. In the row direction and the column direction, two adjacent four-way commutation valves 3001 are directly connected only through their respective unique one oil inlet / outlet by means of a single non-branched oil path, that is, one oil inlet / outlet of each is connected through an independent non-branched oil path, and there is no direct oil path connection between non-adjacent four-way commutation valves 3001. Among each of the four-way commutation valves 3001 located on the periphery of the hydraulic commutation array 300, that is, on the four sides of the hydraulic commutation array 300, one or two oil inlet / outlets not connected to other four-way commutation valves 3001, the experimental hydraulic device is connected to the hydraulic commutation array through the above one or two oil inlet / outlets not connected to adjacent four-way commutation valves 3001.

[0082] In Embodiment 1, a balance valve 302 is connected between the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the first row and the first column and the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the second row and the first column through an oil circuit; a pilot-operated check valve 303 is connected between the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the third row and the first column, the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the fourth row and the first column, and the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the fifth row and the first column through an oil circuit; an adjustable throttle valve 304 is connected between the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the sixth row and the first column and the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the seventh row and the first column through an oil circuit; a relief valve 305 is connected between the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the seventh row and the first column and the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the seventh row and the second column through an oil circuit; the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the seventh row and the third column is connected to a hydraulic pump 306 through an oil circuit; a three-position four-way valve 307 is connected between the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the seventh row and the fourth column, the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the seventh row and the fifth column, and the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the seventh row and the sixth column through an oil circuit; the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the sixth row and the sixth column is connected to a fuel tank 308 through an oil circuit; a two-position three-way valve 309 is connected between the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the fifth row and the sixth column, the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the fourth row and the sixth column, and the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the third row and the sixth column through an oil circuit; a one-way speed control valve 310 is connected between the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the second row and the sixth column and the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the first row and the sixth column through an oil circuit; the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the first row and the sixth column is further connected to a pressure gauge 311; the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the first row and the fifth column is connected to a pressure relay 312; a hydraulic cylinder 301 is connected between the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the first row and the third column and the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the first row and the fourth column through an oil circuit; a hydraulic cylinder 301 is also connected between the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the first row and the first column and the four-way directional control valve 3001 at the position of the first row and the second column through an oil circuit. The above experimental hydraulic devices are conventional equipment for a hydraulic experiment system.

[0083] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of 15 position functions realized by the four-way directional control valve 3001 with 15 different position functions in Embodiment 1. Each four-way directional control valve 3001 has four oil ports P1, P2, P3, and P4, and the following Figure 2 15 position functions shown can be realized between the four oil ports P1 to P4. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the 15 position functions do not require a fixed sequence, and the position function switching sequence of four-way directional control valves with different structures may not be the same, as long as they have the corresponding position functions.

[0084] According to Figure 1 andFigure 2 , by adjusting the position functions of some or all of the four-way directional control valves 3001 in the commutation array, various hydraulic circuits can be conveniently formed among the peripheral experimental hydraulic devices.

[0085] For example:

[0086] Figure 3 In Figure 1 shown in Embodiment 1, by adjusting the position functions of the four-way directional control valves 3001 at the positions of the 1st and 2nd columns of the 1st row, the 1st to 5th columns of the 2nd row, the 1st to 5th columns of the 3rd row, the 4th and 5th columns of the 4th row, the 4th and 5th columns of the 5th row, the 1st to 6th columns of the 6th row, and the 1st to 6th columns of the 7th row, a hydraulic circuit is formed among the hydraulic cylinder 301, check valve 303, relief valve 305, hydraulic pump 306, three-position four-way valve 307, and fuel tank 308 located between the 1st and 2nd columns of the 1st row. Figure 3 The hydraulic circuit schematic diagram based on the actual connection relationship shown is as Figure 4 shown. This kind of circuit is a hydraulic balance circuit often used in hydraulic course teaching.

[0087] Figure 5 In Figure 1 shown in Embodiment 1, by adjusting the position functions of the four-way directional control valves 3001 at the positions of the 1st to 6th columns of the 1st row, the 1st to 5th columns of the 2nd row, the 1st to 5th columns of the 3rd row, the 1st to 5th columns of the 4th row, the 1st to 5th columns of the 5th row, the 1st to 6th columns of the 6th row, and the 1st to 6th columns of the 7th row, another hydraulic circuit is formed among the hydraulic cylinder 301, balance valve 302, relief valve 305, hydraulic pump 306, three-position four-way valve 307, fuel tank 308, and pressure gauge 311 located between the 1st and 2nd columns of the 1st row. The hydraulic circuit schematic diagram based on this is as Figure 6 shown. This kind of circuit is a pressure-holding circuit often used in hydraulic course teaching.

[0088] Figure 7 In Figure 1 shown in Embodiment 1, by adjusting the position functions of the rotary hydraulic directional control valves at the positions of the 3rd and 4th columns of the 1st row, the 6th column of the 1st row, the 3rd to 6th columns of the 2nd row, the 3rd to 6th columns of the 3rd row, the 3rd to 6th columns of the 4th row, the 3rd to 6th columns of the 5th row, the 1st to 6th columns of the 6th row, and the 1st to 6th columns of the 7th row, another hydraulic circuit is formed among the hydraulic cylinder 301, relief valve 305, hydraulic pump 306, three-position four-way valve 307, fuel tank 308, two-position three-way valve 309, and unidirectional speed control valve 310 located between the 3rd and 4th columns of the 1st row. The corresponding hydraulic circuit schematic diagram is as Figure 8 shown. This kind of circuit is a hydraulic cylinder differential connection and return oil throttle speed control circuit often used in hydraulic course teaching.

[0089] As can be seen from the above, when using the hydraulic experiment system of the present invention, according to the hydraulic circuit schematic diagram to be realized, the four-way directional control valve 3001 participating in the circuit connection is appropriately selected, and the position function of the four-way directional control valve 3001 is correspondingly switched, and the required hydraulic circuit can be quickly formed. Therefore, the hydraulic experiment system of the present invention has the advantages of high switching efficiency, convenient use, multiple switching functions, etc., and there is no need to disassemble the connecting oil pipes between the experimental hydraulic devices, effectively avoiding the oil leakage and pollution caused during the disassembly and assembly of the oil pipe joints, and also avoiding the pollution of the limbs and clothes of the experimental personnel during the disassembly and assembly process, which helps to improve the learning interest and enthusiasm of students for hands-on operation.

[0090] In addition, from Figures 3 to 8 it can be seen that the position function used by each four-way directional control valve 3001 participating in the formation of the hydraulic experiment circuit is one of the 14 basic position functions of the present invention, and the on-off relationship between the four oil ports P1 to P4 is clearly defined without ambiguity. Therefore, regardless of the position function of the four-way directional control valve not participating in the formation of the hydraulic experiment circuit, it will not affect the connection formation of the experimental circuit.

[0091] At the same time, the four-way directional control valve 3001 with 14 different position functions described above can fully realize all the functions of the hydraulic experiment system of the present invention; the 15th position function described above, that is, the position function of all disconnections between the four oil ports P1 to P4 is not necessary. Therefore, the four-way directional control valve 3001 with 15 different position functions described above can also fully realize all the functions of the hydraulic experiment system of the present invention.

[0092] Obviously, those of ordinary skill in the art can think that according to the number of experimental hydraulic devices to be connected and used, and the required switching function situation, the number of the four-way directional control valves 3001 in the hydraulic experiment system of the present invention is variable, and the arrangement method is also variable, all of which depend on the actual needs. Changes made based on the idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0093] Embodiment 2:

[0094] Figure 9 It is the overall composition block diagram of Embodiment 2 of the hydraulic experiment system in the present invention. From Figure 9It can be known that Embodiment 2 is composed of a hydraulic commutation array, experimental hydraulic devices, a control device, a human-machine interaction device, a detection device, a camera device, a server, and more than 1 remote experimental terminal. Among them, each four-way commutation valve 3001 of the hydraulic commutation array is equipped with an electronically controlled commutation driving device with a bus interface. The experimental hydraulic devices are connected to the commutation array through an oil circuit; the control device, the human-machine interaction device, the detection device, and the electronically controlled commutation driving devices of each four-way commutation valve 3001 in the hydraulic commutation array are connected through RS485 bus communication; the server is connected to the control device and the camera device for communication, and the server is connected to more than 1 remote experimental terminal through the Internet; the control device is connected to the devices with electromagnetic control actions in the experimental hydraulic devices for control.

[0095] For the local experiment situation, the experimenter inputs the experimental circuit connection requirements through the human-machine interaction device and sends the experimental circuit connection requirements to the control device; the control device issues switching instructions to each four-way commutation valve 3001 that needs to switch the position function according to the experimental circuit connection requirements to complete the construction of the experimental circuit; the control device also receives the current position function state information fed back by the electronically controlled commutation driving devices of each four-way commutation valve 3001 and judges whether the connection of the experimental circuit is correct. The human-machine interaction device also receives the current position function state information fed back by the electronically controlled commutation driving devices of each four-way commutation valve 3001 and displays it so that the experimenter can know whether the current circuit connection relationship is appropriate.

[0096] After the circuit construction is successful, the experimenter sends the experimental operation instructions to the control device through the human-machine interaction device; the control device realizes the control actions on the experimental hydraulic devices according to the experimental operation instructions to complete various experiments.

[0097] In Embodiment 2, the detection device includes a number and types of sensors, which are used to collect the state information of the experimental hydraulic devices and send it to the control device and the human-machine interaction device; the human-machine interaction device displays the state information of the experimental process; the control device realizes the abnormal state processing and alarm according to the state information of the experimental hydraulic devices sent by the detection device.

[0098] For remote experiments, remote experimenters use a remote terminal to input the requirements for connecting the experimental circuit. The remote terminal sends the experimental circuit connection requirements to the server via the network, and the server forwards them to the control device to complete the construction of the experimental circuit. During the experiment, the remote experimenters use the remote terminal to input experimental operation instructions, which are sent to the server via the network, and the server forwards them to the control device to complete various experimental actions. The control device receives the status information of the experimental hydraulic devices sent by the detection device and the current position function status information fed back by the electric control reversing drive devices of each four-way reversing valve 3001, and forwards them to the remote terminal via the server for display. At the same time, the camera device collects the real-time action and status videos of the experimental hydraulic devices and transmits them to the server, which forwards them to the remote terminal via the network for display.

[0099] As can be seen from the above, Figure 9 The shown Embodiment 2 can achieve true remote control of hydraulic experiments, eliminating the need for experimenters to assist beside the experimental system, breaking through time and space limitations, and facilitating students to conduct hydraulic course experiments anytime and anywhere.

[0100] In the present invention, the four-way reversing valve can adopt a four-way reversing valve in the prior art that can achieve the 14 or 15 position functions described in the present invention to realize the related functions of the above-mentioned hydraulic experimental system. The four-way reversing valve can adopt a rotary reversing valve, a spool-type four-way reversing valve, or a combined four-way reversing valve, etc., that can achieve the 14 or 15 position functions described in the present invention. In the present invention, a rotary four-way reversing valve with the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, and convenient use is also specially designed.

[0101] As Figures 10 to 17 shown, in the present invention, the four-way reversing valve adopts a rotary four-way reversing valve 3001, which includes a valve body 1, a valve cover 2, and a valve core 3. The valve core 3 is rotatably arranged in the valve cavity of the valve body 1. The valve body 1 is provided with a first oil inlet / outlet P1 to a fourth oil inlet / outlet P4 communicating with the outside. The inner wall surface of the valve cavity is respectively provided with a first mating oil port 11 to a fourth mating oil port 14 at intervals. The first oil inlet / outlet P1 to the fourth oil inlet / outlet P4 are respectively communicated with the valve cavity through the corresponding first mating oil port 11 to the fourth mating oil port 14. The outer surface of the valve core 3 is provided with a first annular groove 3a1 and a second annular groove 3a2 at intervals in the circumferential direction up and down. The first annular groove 3a1 and the second annular groove 3a2 correspondingly form independent first flow cavities 4 and second flow cavities 5. The outer surface of the valve core 3 is also provided with 12 switching oil grooves at intervals in the circumferential direction, and each switching oil groove communicates with only one of the first flow cavity 4 and the second flow cavity 5.

[0102] The spool 3 forms 15 working positions distributed along a 360° circumference through the first annular groove 3a1, the second annular groove 3a2 and 12 switching oil grooves arranged at intervals, in cooperation with the first oil inlet / outlet P1 to the fourth oil inlet / outlet P4 provided on the valve body 1, and the first mating oil port 11 to the fourth mating oil port 14. By rotating the spool 3 to different working positions, the alignment and connection of different switching oil grooves and mating oil ports are switched, so as to realize different position functions between the first oil inlet / outlet P1 to the fourth oil inlet / outlet P4; when the spool rotates one week, each oil inlet / outlet can only be correspondingly connected to each switching oil groove through the corresponding mating oil port once and only once in sequence.

[0103] In the present invention, the circumferential interval angle between two adjacent working positions is θ, and the circumferential interval angle between two adjacent switching oil grooves is an integer multiple of T*θ, where T is a positive integer.

[0104] In this embodiment, the circumferential interval angle between two adjacent working positions is 24°. With the rotation axis of the spool as the center, the first mating oil port to the fourth mating oil port are successively located at the positions of 0°, 72°, 192° and 288°; along the same circumferential indexing direction to index the spool, the 12 switching oil grooves are successively located at the positions of 0°, 24°, 48°, 72°, 96°, 120°, 144°, 168°, 192°, 240°, 264° and 312°; among them, 8 switching oil grooves located at the positions of 24°, 48°, 96°, 144°, 192°, 240°, 264° and 312° are respectively communicated with the first through-flow cavity, and 4 switching oil grooves located at the positions of 0°, 72°, 120° and 168° are respectively communicated with the second through-flow cavity.

[0105] The following further describes the rotary four-way reversing valve in the present invention in combination with Embodiment 3:

[0106] Embodiment 3:

[0107] From Figure 10 it can be seen that in Embodiment 3, the rotary four-way reversing valve includes a valve body 1, a valve cover 2 and a spool 3. A valve cavity is provided inside the valve body 1. The spool 3 is installed in the valve cavity. The inner wall surface of the valve cavity is in liquid-tight fit with the outer peripheral wall surface of the spool. The spool 3 rotates in the valve cavity. Combining Figure 10 and Figure 11The side wall of the valve body 1 is provided with the first oil inlet and outlet P1 to the fourth oil inlet and outlet P4 which are connected to the outside, and the inner wall surface of the valve cavity is respectively provided with the first matching oil port 11 to the fourth matching oil port 14 at intervals, and the first matching oil port 11 to the fourth matching oil port 14 are located at the same height, and with the rotation axis of the valve core as the center of the circle, the first matching oil port 11 to the fourth matching oil port 14 are located on the inner wall surface of the valve cavity: 0°, 72°, 192° and 288° positions; the first oil inlet and outlet P1 to the fourth oil inlet and outlet P4 are respectively connected to the valve cavity through the corresponding first matching oil port 11 to the fourth matching oil port 14.

[0108] Reference Figure 10 and Figure 12 The outer wall of the valve core 3 is provided with a first annular groove 3a1 and a second annular groove 3a2 at intervals in the upper and lower directions along the circumference. The first annular groove 3a1 and the second annular groove 3a2 are covered by the inner wall surface of the valve cavity, and correspondingly form independent first flow chambers 4 and second flow chambers 5; the first annular groove 3a1 is higher than the first matching oil port 11 to the fourth matching oil port 14, and the second annular groove 3a2 is lower than the first matching oil port 11 to the fourth matching oil port 14, and the first flow chamber 4 and the second flow chamber 5 cannot be directly connected with the first matching oil port 11 to the fourth matching oil port 14.

[0109] Reference Figures 12 to 14 , the outer wall of the valve core 3 is provided with 12 switching oil grooves with one end open at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the 12 switching oil grooves are all located between the first annular groove 3a1 and the second annular groove 3a2. The outer wall of the valve core 3 is divided along the circumferential direction from the first matching oil port 11 to the second matching oil port 12, and the 12 switching oil grooves are located at 0°, 24°, 48°, 72°, 96°, 120°, 144°, 168°, 192°, 240°, 264° and 312° respectively.

[0110] Among them, the open ends of the eight switching oil grooves located at the positions of 24°, 48°, 96°, 144°, 192°, 240°, 264° and 312° are upward and connected to the first annular groove 3a1, and the other end of the switching oil groove is closed, and the lower edge of the closed end is not higher than the lower edge of the first matching oil port 11 to the fourth matching oil port 14, that is, lower than or flush with each other; the above-mentioned eight switching oil grooves are defined as s1 to s8 respectively.

[0111] The open ends of the four switching oil grooves located at the positions of 0°, 72°, 120° and 168° are downward and connected to the second annular groove 3a2, and the other ends of the switching oil grooves are closed, and the upper edges of the closed ends are not lower than the upper edges of the first matching oil port 11 to the fourth matching oil port 14, that is, higher than or flush with each other. The above four switching oil grooves are defined as x1 to x4.

[0112] Figure 16Schematic diagram of the circumferential distribution of 12 switching oil grooves and their connection relationships with the first flow-through cavity 4 and the second flow-through cavity 5 respectively.

[0113] By rotating the valve core 3, the first mating oil port 11 to the fourth mating oil port 14 can be respectively connected or disconnected from the 12 switching oil grooves, so that the first mating oil port 11 to the fourth mating oil port 14 can be connected or disconnected through the first flow-through cavity 4 or the second flow-through cavity 5, and finally the first oil inlet / outlet P1 to the fourth oil inlet / outlet P4 can be connected or disconnected, thereby forming different position functions. During the process of the valve core 3 rotating one week, each oil inlet / outlet can only be uniquely connected to each switching oil groove through the corresponding mating oil port in sequence, forming 15 working positions evenly distributed along the 360° circumference, and realizing 15 position functions. The circumferential interval angle between adjacent working positions is 24°.

[0114] Combined with Figure 16 and Figure 17 , rotate the valve core in sequence along the rotation direction from the first mating oil port 11 to the second mating oil port 12, and the specific logic on-off relationships of the 15 position functions are as follows:

[0115] When the valve core is in the initial working position 0:

[0116] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove x1, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove x2, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove s5, and the mating oil port 14 is not aligned with any switching oil groove and is blocked; at this time, the second flow-through cavity 5 connects the oil inlet / outlets P1 and P2, the oil inlet / outlets P3 and P4 are disconnected, and both P1 and P2 are disconnected from P3 and P4; corresponding to the position function (2) in the above text;

[0117] When the valve core rotates 24° and is in the working position 1:

[0118] The mating oil port 11 is not aligned with any switching oil groove and is blocked, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove s2, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove x4, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove s7; at this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the oil inlet / outlets P2 and P4, the oil inlet / outlets P1 and P3 are disconnected, and both P2 and P4 are disconnected from P1 and P3; corresponding to the position function (6) in the above text;

[0119] When the valve core rotates 48° and is in the working position 2:

[0120] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove s8, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove s1, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove s4, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove s6; at this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects all the oil inlet / outlets P1, P2, P3 and P4; corresponding to the position function (1) in the above text;

[0121] When the spool rotates 72° to the working position 3:

[0122] The mating oil port 11 is not aligned with any switching oil groove and is blocked. The mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove x1, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove x3, and the mating oil port 14 is not aligned with any switching oil groove and is blocked. At this time, the second flow-through cavity 5 connects the oil inlet / outlet ports P2 and P3, the oil inlet / outlet ports P1 and P4 are disconnected, and both P2 and P3 are disconnected from P1 and P4; corresponding to the position function (5) in the above text;

[0123] When the spool rotates 96° to the working position 4:

[0124] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove s7, the mating oil port 12 is not aligned with any switching oil groove and is blocked, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove s3, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove s5. At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the oil inlet / outlet ports P1, P3, and P4, and the oil inlet / outlet port P2 is disconnected; corresponding to the position function (10) in the above text;

[0125] When the spool rotates 120° to the working position 5:

[0126] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove s6, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove s8, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove x2, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove x4. At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the oil inlet / outlet ports P1 and P2, and the second flow-through cavity 5 connects the oil inlet / outlet ports P3 and P4; however, the oil inlet / outlet ports P1 and P2 are disconnected from the oil inlet / outlet ports P3 and P4; corresponding to the position function (12) in the above text;

[0127] When the spool rotates 144° to the working position 6:

[0128] Both the mating oil ports 11 and 12 are not aligned with any switching oil groove and are blocked. The mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove s2, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove s4. At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the oil inlet / outlet ports P3 and P4, the oil inlet / outlet ports P1 and P2 are disconnected, and both P3 and P4 are disconnected from P1 and P2; corresponding to the position function (7) in the above text;

[0129] When the spool rotates 168° to the working position 7:

[0130] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove s5, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove s7, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove s1, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove x4. At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the oil inlet / outlet ports P1, P2, and P3, and the oil inlet / outlet port P4 is disconnected; corresponding to the position function (8) in the above text;

[0131] When the spool rotates 192° to the working position 8:

[0132] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove x4, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove s6, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove x1, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove s3; At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the inlet and outlet ports P2 and P4, and the second flow-through cavity 5 connects the inlet and outlet ports P1 and P3, but the inlet and outlet ports P2 and P4 are disconnected from the inlet and outlet ports P1 and P3; Corresponding to the position function (13) in the above text;

[0133] When the spool rotates 216° to the working position 9:

[0134] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove s4, the mating oil ports 12 and 13 are not aligned with any switching oil grooves and are blocked, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove x2; At this time, the inlet and outlet ports P1, P2, P3, and P4 are all disconnected; Corresponding to the position function (15) in the above text;

[0135] When the spool rotates 240° to the working position 10:

[0136] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove x3, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove s5, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove s8, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove s2; At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the inlet and outlet ports P2, P3, and P4, and the inlet and outlet port P1 is disconnected; Corresponding to the position function (11) in the above text;

[0137] When the spool rotates 264° to the working position 11:

[0138] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove s3, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove x4, the mating oil port 13 is not aligned with any switching oil grooves and is blocked, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove s1; At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the inlet and outlet ports P1 and P4, the inlet and outlet ports P2 and P3 are disconnected, and both P1 and P4 are disconnected from P2 and P3; Corresponding to the position function (4) in the above text;

[0139] When the spool rotates 288° to the working position 12:

[0140] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove x2, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove s4, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove s7, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove x1; At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the inlet and outlet ports P2 and P3, and the second flow-through cavity 5 connects the inlet and outlet ports P1 and P4, but the inlet and outlet ports P2 and P3 are disconnected from the inlet and outlet ports P1 and P4; Corresponding to the position function (14) in the above text;

[0141] When the valve core rotates 312° to the working position 13:

[0142] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove s2, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove x3, the mating oil port 13 is aligned with the switching oil groove s6, and the mating oil port 14 is not aligned with any switching oil groove and is blocked. At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the oil inlet / outlet ports P1 and P3, the oil inlet / outlet ports P2 and P4 are disconnected, and both P1 and P3 are disconnected from P2 and P4, corresponding to the position function (3) in the above text.

[0143] When the valve core rotates 336° to the working position 14:

[0144] The mating oil port 11 is aligned with the switching oil groove s1, the mating oil port 12 is aligned with the switching oil groove s3, the mating oil port 13 is not aligned with any switching oil groove and is blocked, and the mating oil port 14 is aligned with the switching oil groove s8. At this time, the first flow-through cavity 4 connects the oil inlet / outlet ports P1, P2, and P4, and the oil inlet / outlet port P3 is disconnected, corresponding to the position function (9) in the above text.

[0145] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that, according to the above-mentioned rotary direction-changing valve with 15 position functions, if the position function (15), i.e., the position function where all four oil inlet / outlet ports P1 to P4 are completely disconnected, is abandoned, the above-mentioned rotary direction-changing valve becomes the four-way direction-changing valve with 14 position functions described in the present invention.

[0146] In this embodiment, the valve core of the rotary four-way direction-changing valve can also be driven by a manual direction-changing driving device or an electric control direction-changing driving device.

[0147] Based on the above structure and working principle, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that for the distribution angular positions of the mating oil ports, the number and / or distribution angular positions of the switching oil grooves of the rotary four-way direction-changing valve in the present invention, different setting methods can be adopted, and the purpose of the present invention can also be achieved.

[0148] In summary, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic experiment system, characterized in that: It includes a hydraulic commutation array and experimental hydraulic devices connected to the hydraulic commutation array; The described hydraulic commutation array is used to achieve the oil circuit connection between various experimental hydraulic devices. By changing the on-off relationship of the oil inlet and outlet ports of the corresponding four-way directional control valves in the hydraulic commutation array, the oil circuit connection relationship between the experimental hydraulic devices is transformed into the required oil circuit connection relationship; The hydraulic commutation array is a two-dimensional array of n rows and m columns composed of n×m four-way directional control valves. Both n and m are natural numbers greater than 1; each four-way directional control valve has 4 oil inlet and outlet ports. In the row direction and column direction of the hydraulic commutation array, any two adjacent four-way directional control valves are directly connected by only one unique oil inlet and outlet port through a non-branching oil circuit, and there is no direct oil circuit connection between two non-adjacent four-way directional control valves; there is one or two oil inlet and outlet ports on the four-way directional control valves located on the four sides of the hydraulic commutation array that are not connected to the adjacent four-way directional control valves, and the experimental hydraulic devices are connected to the hydraulic commutation array through the one or two oil inlet and outlet ports that are not connected to the adjacent four-way directional control valves; the described four-way directional control valve realizes 14 different logical on-off relationships between the first to fourth oil inlet and outlet ports through 14 different position functions, or realizes 15 different logical on-off relationships between the first to fourth oil inlet and outlet ports through 15 different position functions; The described experimental hydraulic devices are used to form a hydraulic experimental circuit with the assistance of the hydraulic commutation array.

2. The hydraulic experiment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four-way directional control valve is driven by a commutation driving device; the commutation driving device adopts a manual commutation driving device or an electric control commutation driving device.

3. The hydraulic experiment system according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a human-machine interaction device and a control device; the human-machine interaction device and the control device are connected through a communication bus, and the control device controls and connects the devices with electromagnetic control actions in the experimental hydraulic devices; The human-machine interaction device is used for experimental personnel to input the experimental circuit connection requirements and experimental operation instructions, and send the experimental circuit connection requirements and experimental operation instructions to the control device; the human-machine interaction device is also used to receive and display the current position function status information of each four-way directional control valve; The control device is used to receive the experimental circuit connection requirements and experimental operation instructions sent by the human-machine interaction device; the control device controls each four-way directional control valve to switch to the corresponding position function according to the position function of each four-way directional control valve in the experimental circuit connection requirements; the control device also realizes the control actions on the experimental hydraulic devices according to the experimental operation instructions; the control device also receives the current position function status information of each four-way directional control valve and judges whether the connection of the experimental circuit is correct.

4. The hydraulic experiment system according to claim 3, wherein: It also includes a detection device, a camera device, a server and one or more remote terminals; the detection device, the human-machine interaction device and the control device are all connected through a communication bus; the camera device, the control device and the remote terminal are all connected to the server; The detection device includes several sensors, which are used to collect the status information of the experimental hydraulic devices and send it to the control device and the human-machine interaction device; The human-machine interaction device is also used to receive and display the status information of the experimental hydraulic devices sent by the detection device; The control device is further configured to receive the status information of the experimental hydraulic device sent by the detection device, and perform abnormal status handling and alarm; the control device also receives, through the server, the experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions sent by the remote terminal, and sends, through the server, the status information of the experimental hydraulic device and the current position function status information of each four-way directional control valve to the remote terminal; The remote terminal is used for remote experimenters to input the experimental loop connection requirements and experimental operation instructions, and send the experimental loop connection requirements to the server through the network; the remote terminal is also used for receiving and displaying the status information of the experimental hydraulic device sent by the server through the network, as well as the current position function status information of each four-way directional control valve; The camera device is used for collecting the working state video of the experimental hydraulic device and sending it to the remote terminal through the server.

5. The hydraulic experiment system according to claim 1, wherein: The experimental hydraulic device includes different types and quantities of hydraulic components and / or hydraulic assemblies; the hydraulic components include four-way directional control valves that form a hydraulic commutation array.

6. The hydraulic experiment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four-way directional control valve adopts a rotary four-way directional control valve, which includes a valve body, a valve cover and a valve core. The valve core is rotatably arranged in the valve cavity of the valve body. The valve body is provided with first to fourth oil inlets and outlets communicating with the outside. The inner wall surface of the valve cavity is respectively provided with first to fourth mating oil ports at intervals. The first to fourth oil inlets and outlets are respectively communicated with the valve cavity through the corresponding first to fourth mating oil ports; the outer surface of the valve core is provided with a first ring groove and a second ring groove at intervals in the circumferential direction up and down. The first ring groove and the second ring groove correspondingly form independent first and second flow cavities; the outer surface of the valve core is also provided with 12 switching oil grooves at intervals in the circumferential direction. Each switching oil groove is only communicated with one of the first and second flow cavities. The valve core forms 15 working positions distributed along a 360° circumference through the first ring groove, the second ring groove and 12 switching oil grooves arranged at intervals, and the first to fourth oil inlets and outlets, and the first to fourth mating oil ports arranged on the valve body. By rotating the valve core to different working positions, different switching oil grooves are aligned and communicated with the mating oil ports, so as to realize different position functions between the first to fourth oil inlets and outlets; when the valve core rotates one week, each oil inlet and outlet can only be correspondingly connected to each switching oil groove through the corresponding mating oil port once and only once.

7. The hydraulic experiment system according to claim 6, wherein: The circumferential interval angle between two adjacent working positions is θ, and the circumferential interval angle between two adjacent switching oil grooves is an integer multiple of T*θ, where T is a positive integer.

8. The hydraulic experiment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The circumferential spacing angle between two adjacent working positions is 24°. With the rotation axis of the valve core as the center, the first to fourth matching oil ports are located at 0°, 72°, 192° and 288° respectively; the valve core is indexed along the same circular indexing direction, and the 12 switching oil grooves are located at 0°, 24°, 48°, 72°, 96°, 120°, 144°, 168°, 192°, 240°, 264° and 312° respectively; among them, the 8 switching oil grooves located at 24°, 48°, 96°, 144°, 192°, 240°, 264° and 312° are respectively connected to the first flow chamber, and the 4 switching oil grooves located at 0°, 72°, 120° and 168° are respectively connected to the second flow chamber.

9. The hydraulic experiment system according to claim 6, wherein: The first annular groove and the second annular groove are covered by the inner wall surface of the valve cavity, and correspondingly form independent first flow chambers and second flow chambers; the first annular groove is higher than the first to fourth matching oil ports, and the second annular groove is lower than the first to fourth matching oil ports, and the first flow chamber and the second flow chamber cannot be directly connected to the first to fourth matching oil ports; the 12 switching oil grooves are all located between the first annular groove and the second annular groove.

10. The hydraulic experiment system according to claim 8, wherein: The switching oil grooves are all located between the first annular groove and the second annular groove, and one end of the switching oil grooves is open; the open ends of the eight switching oil grooves located at the positions of 24°, 48°, 96°, 144°, 192°, 240°, 264° and 312° are upward and connected to the first annular groove, the other end of the switching oil groove is closed, and the lower edge of the closed end is not higher than the lower edge of the first to fourth matching oil ports; the open ends of the four switching oil grooves located at the positions of 0°, 72°, 120° and 168° are downward and connected to the second annular groove, the other end of the switching oil groove is closed, and the upper edge of the closed end is not lower than the upper edge of the first to fourth matching oil ports.

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