Large tapered roller bearing raceway angle and vertical error detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of measuring devices characterized by the mechanical technology, in particular to a method for detecting the raceway angle and the perpendicularity error of a large tapered roller bearing. According to the invention, a small and medium-sized bearing standard component having the same angle as a detected tapered roller bearing raceway is used as a detection standard component, and after the detection standard component is positioned through the radial reference fulcrum and the radial auxiliary fulcrum, zero setting calibration is carried out on a detection meter through the detection standard component. And then the positions of the radial reference fulcrum and the measuring meter are ensured to be unchanged, the position of the measured bearing is determined through the radial reference fulcrum and the other radial auxiliary fulcrum, and then the measured bearing is detected by using the measuring meter after zero setting calibration. A comparison detection method is adopted, small and medium-sized bearings with the same raceway angle as the detected large bearing are used as comparison standards for detection, large special detection equipment does not need to be adopted, the detection cost is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the method can be suitable for detection of various types of bearings, and the application range is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of measuring devices characterized by mechanical technology, and in particular to a method for detecting the raceway angle and perpendicularity difference of large tapered roller bearings. Background Art

[0002] A tapered roller bearing refers to a radial thrust rolling bearing with tapered roller rolling elements. Its inner and outer rings both have tapered raceways and can simultaneously bear the combined action of axial and radial loads. It is widely used in industries such as automobiles, rolling mills, mines, metallurgy, and plastic machinery. The raceway angle of a tapered roller bearing refers to the angle between the inner and outer ring raceways of the bearing, which determines the shape and size of the raceway surface. A reasonable raceway angle can effectively disperse the load, improve the bearing capacity of the bearing, and is also conducive to the distribution and flow of lubricating oil, reducing friction and wear. As an important product characteristic of the bearing, the main function of the raceway angle is to guide and constrain the movement trajectory of the rolling elements, ensure the smooth operation of the rolling elements inside the bearing, and at the same time affect the contact state between the rolling elements and the raceway, thereby affecting the bearing capacity and friction characteristics of the bearing. The raceway angle of a tapered roller bearing plays a crucial role in design and application. A reasonable raceway angle design can significantly improve the performance and service life of the bearing.

[0003] The raceway angle of a tapered bearing and the perpendicularity difference between the raceway and the end face have an important impact on the use of the bearing. If the raceway angle is too large or too small, the rolling elements of the bearing will contact one end of the raceway during use, resulting in heat generation and failure, affecting the use of the bearing. If the perpendicularity difference of the raceway is too large, it will lead to a decrease in the rotational accuracy and stability of the bearing, resulting in additional vibration and noise. In severe cases, it may even cause the bearing to jam or be damaged. In addition, a large perpendicularity difference will accelerate the wear of the bearing, especially in the contact area between the raceway and the rolling elements. Under long-term operation, this wear will accumulate continuously, eventually leading to bearing failure. A large perpendicularity difference will also cause additional friction and vibration, which will cause the equipment to consume more energy during operation and reduce energy efficiency. Therefore, the control of the perpendicularity difference of the raceway of tapered roller bearings is particularly important.

[0004] For medium and small-sized bearings, special bearing measuring instruments can detect the perpendicularity difference of their raceways. However, for the detection of the raceway angle and perpendicularity difference of large (outer diameter between 200 mm and 1000 mm) and extra-large (outer diameter above 1000 mm) tapered roller bearings, the overall volume of special bearing measuring instruments is very large. Not only does it occupy a large amount of space, but the equipment is also relatively expensive, often costing tens of millions, resulting in extremely high detection costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing, so as to solve the problem of high cost caused by measuring a large tapered roller bearing with a special bearing testing instrument.

[0006] The method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of the large tapered roller bearing of the present invention includes the following steps: Select a medium and small-sized bearing standard part with the same designed raceway angle as the bearing to be measured as the detection standard part; Contact the circumferential surface of the detection standard part through a radial reference fulcrum and a radial auxiliary fulcrum respectively, and ensure that the supporting direction of the radial reference fulcrum is on a diameter of the detection standard part; Set a measuring gauge on the detection support platform to radially contact the raceway of the detection standard part and zero it; Ensure that the positions of the radial reference fulcrum and the measuring gauge remain unchanged. Contact the circumference of the bearing to be measured through the radial reference fulcrum and another radial auxiliary fulcrum respectively, and ensure that the supporting direction of the radial reference fulcrum is on a diameter of the bearing to be measured, and the measuring gauge radially contacts the raceway of the bearing to be measured; Rotate the bearing to be measured, and obtain the raceway angle deviation and vertical difference through the data measured by the measuring gauge.

[0007] Further, when rotating the bearing to be measured to measure the raceway angle deviation and vertical difference, rotate the bearing to be measured more than one week, obtain the maximum value and the minimum value of the measuring gauge. The raceway angle deviation of the bearing to be measured is the absolute value of the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value, and the vertical difference is the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value.

[0008] Further, the position of the radial reference fulcrum on the detection support platform is adjustable.

[0009] Further, at least one of the two radial auxiliary fulcrums is adjustable in position on the detection support platform, and its adjustment direction is set at an acute angle to the adjustment direction of the radial reference fulcrum.

[0010] Further, make the supporting directions of the two radial auxiliary fulcrums always perpendicular to the supporting direction of the radial reference fulcrum, and when the two radial auxiliary fulcrums radially contact the circumferential surface of the bearing, their supporting directions both pass through the axis of the corresponding bearing.

[0011] Further, the measuring gauge contacts the raceway of the bearing along a diameter direction of the bearing.

[0012] Further, the measuring gauge is adjustable axially on the detection support platform to be able to adjust its position along the generatrix of the bearing raceway.

[0013] Further, the measuring gauge and the radial reference fulcrum are arranged at intervals up and down.

[0014] Further, the two radial auxiliary fulcrums are arranged at the same height as the radial reference fulcrum.

[0015] Further, both the radial reference fulcrum and the radial auxiliary fulcrum are slidably mounted on the detection support platform through T-shaped grooves provided on the detection support platform to achieve position adjustment.

[0016] The present invention provides a brand-new detection method for the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing. By using a small and medium-sized bearing standard part with the same raceway angle as the measured large tapered roller bearing as the detection standard part, after positioning the detection standard part through the radial reference fulcrum and the radial auxiliary fulcrum, zero calibration of the detection table is performed through the detection standard part. Then, while ensuring the positions of the radial reference fulcrum and the measuring table remain unchanged, the position of the measured bearing is determined through the radial reference fulcrum and another radial auxiliary fulcrum, and then the measured bearing is detected using the measuring table after zero calibration. The present invention adopts a comparative detection method, using a small and medium-sized bearing with the same raceway angle as the measured large bearing as the comparison standard for detection, without the need for large-scale special detection equipment, greatly reducing the detection cost. At the same time, it can be applied to the detection of various types of bearings, with a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a top view of the detection device used when implementing the detection method for the raceway angle and vertical difference of the large tapered roller bearing of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view angle (the measuring table is not shown) when zero calibration of the measuring table is performed through the detection standard part; Figure 3 It is Figure 2 bottom view of Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the top view angle (the measuring table is not shown) when detecting the measured bearing; Figure 5 It is Figure 4 bottom view of

[0018] In the figure: 1, detection support platform; 10, T-shaped groove; 11, radial reference fulcrum; 12, radial auxiliary fulcrum; 13, measuring table mounting column; 110, T-shaped slider; 111, radial support rod; 2, detection standard part; 3, measured bearing; 30, bearing raceway; 4, measuring table; 40, measuring table mounting bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] The present invention pioneeringly provides a brand-new detection method for the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing. Through the comparative detection method, by using a medium and small tapered roller bearing with the same raceway angle as the measured large tapered roller bearing as a detection standard part to zero-calibrate the measuring instrument, and then using the zero-calibrated measuring instrument to measure the measured large tapered roller bearing to obtain the raceway angle and vertical difference. Without the need for large special detection equipment, the detection cost is greatly reduced while relatively accurate detection results can be achieved.

[0020] Before introducing the detection method for the raceway angle and vertical difference of the large tapered roller bearing of the present invention, for the sake of clearly understanding the detection method, the structure of a but not the only detection device adopted when implementing this method is described below first.

[0021] As Figure 1 shown, the detection device includes a detection support platform 1 with a rectangular flat plate structure. There are three T-shaped grooves 10 on the detection support platform 1. Taking the up, down, left, and right directions shown in the figure as an example, the first T-shaped groove 10 extends from a position near the right edge of the detection support platform 1 to the left and penetrates the left edge of the detection support platform 1. The second T-shaped groove 10 starts from a position below the right end of the first T-shaped groove 10 and extends obliquely downward and penetrates the lower edge of the detection support platform 1. The extension direction of the second T-shaped groove 10 forms an acute angle with the extension direction of the first T-shaped groove 10. The third T-shaped groove 10 starts from a position below the right end of the second T-shaped groove 10 and extends obliquely downward and penetrates the lower edge of the detection support platform 1. The extension direction of the third T-shaped groove 10 forms an acute angle with the extension direction of the first T-shaped groove 10, and this angle is greater than the angle between the second T-shaped groove 10 and the first T-shaped groove 10. On the detection support platform 1, at the right side position of the right end of the first T-shaped groove 10, there is a measuring instrument mounting column 13, and a measuring instrument mounting bracket 40 is installed on the measuring instrument mounting column 13.

[0022] A radial reference fulcrum 11 is slidably installed in the first T-shaped groove 10, and radial auxiliary fulcrums 12 are respectively installed in the second and third T-shaped grooves 10 in a guiding and sliding manner. The radial reference fulcrum 11 and the radial auxiliary fulcrums 12 have the same structure, and both include a T-shaped slider 110 adapted to the T-shaped groove 10. A vertical rod extending vertically is provided at the top of the T-shaped slider 110, and a radial support rod 111 extending horizontally is connected to the vertical rod. Both the radial reference fulcrum 11 and the radial auxiliary fulcrums 12 can slide in their respective T-shaped grooves 10 and remain stationary at a certain position by relying on damping after sliding in place, or a set screw is screwed on the T-shaped slider 110 to keep it stationary at a certain position. Taking the up, down, left, and right directions shown in the figure as an example, the radial support rod 111 of the radial reference fulcrum 11 extends to the left, and the radial support rods 111 of the other two radial auxiliary fulcrums 12 extend upward, that is, the extending direction of the radial support rod 111 of the radial reference fulcrum 11 is perpendicular to the extending directions of the radial support rods 111 of the other two radial auxiliary fulcrums 12.

[0023] The specific implementation manner of the method for detecting the angle and vertical difference of the raceway 30 of the large tapered roller bearing of the present invention is as follows: Taking the detection of the outer raceway of the inner ring of large and extra-large tapered roller bearings as an example.

[0024] Such as Figures 2-3 , first, select a medium and small bearing standard part with the same design raceway angle as the measured large tapered roller bearing as the detection standard part 2, place the detection standard part 2 on the detection support platform 1 of the detection device, keep the axis extending vertically, adjust the position of the radial reference fulcrum 11 or the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12 installed in the second T-shaped groove 10, and make the radial reference fulcrum 11 and the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12 installed in the second T-shaped groove 10 abut against the circumferential surface (the inner circumferential surface of the bearing outer ring or the outer circumferential surface of the bearing inner ring) of the detection standard part 2 from the radial direction of the detection standard part 2, so as to keep the detection standard part 2 in a determined position. Moreover, at this position, the radial support directions of the radial reference fulcrum 11 and the radial auxiliary fulcrums 12 both pass through the axis of the detection standard part 2. Then, the measuring table 4 installed on the measuring table mounting rack 40 radially abuts against the raceway of the detection standard part 2. The whole measuring table 4 is directly above the radial reference fulcrum 11, and the extending direction of the probe of the measuring table 4 is consistent with the extending direction of the first T-shaped groove 10 and the extending direction of the radial support rod 111 of the radial reference fulcrum 11, and passes through the axis of the detection standard part 2, and the measuring table 4 is zeroed. This process is the calibration and zeroing of the measuring table 4.

[0025] Such as Figures 4-5, Remove the detection standard part 2, ensure that the positions of the radial reference fulcrum 11 and the measuring gauge 4 remain unchanged. Respectively make the radial reference fulcrum 11 and another radial auxiliary fulcrum 12 (adjust the position of the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12 of the third T-slot 10) abut against the circumference of the bearing under test 3, and ensure that the supporting direction of the radial reference fulcrum 11 is on a diameter of the bearing under test 3. At the same time, ensure that the measuring gauge 4 abuts against the raceway of the bearing under test 3 radially; then rotate the bearing under test 3 for more than one week. By measuring with the measuring gauge 4, the maximum value △max and the minimum value △min are obtained. Then the angular deviation △2β and the vertical difference Sdi of the inner raceway of the large and extra-large tapered roller bearings under test are respectively: △2β = |△max + △min|, that is, the absolute value of the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value; Sdi = |△max - △min|, that is, the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value; Finally, by comparing △2β and Sdi with the product or process requirements corresponding to the standard large and extra-large tapered roller bearings, the machining quality of the angular and vertical differences of the inner raceway is determined.

[0026] When detecting the outer raceway of the inner ring of the bearing above, the radial reference fulcrum 11, the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12 and the measuring gauge 4 all abut against the detection standard part 2 and the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing under test from the radial outside. Of course, when detecting the inner raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, the radial reference fulcrum 11, the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12 and the measuring gauge 4 only need to abut against the detection standard part 2 and the inner and outer rings of the tapered roller bearing under test from the radial inside. The detection principle and operation steps are the same as the above process. This method and device are simple to operate, the results are reliable, and it efficiently solves the problems of detecting the angle and vertical difference of the raceway 30 of large and extra-large tapered roller bearings.

[0027] The present invention is not limited to the embodiment introduced above. In other embodiments, when rotating the bearing under test 3 to measure the angular deviation and vertical difference of the raceway, it is also possible to just rotate one week, and in this way, the maximum value △max and the minimum value △min can also be obtained. In other embodiments, the position of the radial reference fulcrum 11 can also be fixed and unchanged, that is, it is directly fixedly arranged on the detection support platform 1. At this time, by adjusting the positions of the two radial auxiliary fulcrums 12 to adapt to different detection standard parts 2 and the bearings under test of large and extra-large tapered roller bearings; of course, if the selected detection standard part 2 and the large tapered roller bearings under test are both of specific models, the two radial auxiliary fulcrums 12 can also be directly fixedly arranged on the detection support platform 1.

[0028] Regarding the adjustable setting method of the radial reference fulcrum 11 and the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12, in an embodiment different from the above-described one, modulus holes can also be uniformly and densely arranged on the detection support platform 1, and the position adjustment can be achieved by fixing the radial reference fulcrum 11 and the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12 in different modulus holes; or in an embodiment different from the above-described one, an adjustment long slot penetrating the plate thickness is provided on the detection support platform 1. The radial reference fulcrum 11 includes a bottom support block and a locking bolt screwed on the lower side of the bottom support block. The bottom support block is located on the upper surface of the detection support platform 1, and the locking bolt passes through the adjustment long slot from below and is threadedly connected to the bottom support block. The vertical rod is arranged on the top of the bottom support block. After the adjustment is in place, the locking bolt can be tightened. The structure of the radial reference fulcrum 11 is the same as that of the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12.

[0029] In the above-described embodiment, the measuring gauge 4 abuts against the raceway of the bearing along a diameter direction of the bearing, and the value measured in this way is a direct value. In other embodiments, the measuring gauge 4 can also abut against the raceway of the bearing in a direction at a certain angle to the diameter, and the measurement result can also be obtained. In the above-described embodiment, the measuring gauge 4 is installed on the measuring gauge installation vertical column 13, so it can also be adjusted up and down along the measuring gauge installation vertical column 13, which can adapt to bearings of different specifications and can detect different raceway positions. In other embodiments, the measuring gauge 4 can also be fixedly arranged relative to the detection support platform 1 in the height direction without further up and down adjustment. In the above-described embodiment, the measuring gauge 4 and the radial reference fulcrum 11 are arranged at intervals up and down. In other embodiments, according to the operation requirements, the measuring gauge 4 and the radial reference fulcrum 11 can also be arranged at different circumferential positions of the bearing.

[0030] In the above-described embodiment, the two radial auxiliary fulcrums 12 are arranged at the same height as the radial reference fulcrum 11, ensuring that different fulcrums are on the same horizontal plane and the support is relatively reliable. In other embodiments, the radial reference fulcrum 11 and the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12 used in combination can also be at different height positions.

[0031] The implementation of the above method is detected by means of the detection device introduced above. Of course, it does not necessarily depend on the detection device with the specific structure introduced above. In other embodiments, the detection auxiliary device that arranges the radial reference fulcrum 11, the radial auxiliary fulcrum 12, and the measuring gauge 4 at the specific positions introduced above can all perform the operation of the above detection method.

[0032] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The patent protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims. All equivalent structural changes made by using the specification and drawings of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention by the same token.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the raceway angle and perpendicularity difference of a large tapered roller bearing, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Select a standard part of a medium or small-sized bearing with a design raceway angle equal to that of the bearing under test as the detection standard part; Make contact with the circumferential surface of the detection standard part through a radial reference fulcrum and a radial auxiliary fulcrum respectively, and ensure that the supporting direction of the radial reference fulcrum is on a diameter of the detection standard part; Set a measuring gauge on the detection support platform to radially contact the raceway of the detection standard part and zero it; Ensure that the positions of the radial reference fulcrum and the measuring gauge remain unchanged. Make contact with the circumference of the bearing under test through the radial reference fulcrum and another radial auxiliary fulcrum respectively, and ensure that the supporting direction of the radial reference fulcrum is on a diameter of the bearing under test, and the measuring gauge is in radial contact with the raceway of the bearing under test; Rotate the bearing under test, and obtain the raceway angle deviation and vertical difference from the data measured by the measuring gauge.

2. The method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, in When rotating the bearing under test to measure the raceway angle deviation and vertical difference, rotate the bearing under test more than one week to obtain the maximum value and the minimum value of the measuring gauge. The raceway angle deviation of the bearing under test is the absolute value of the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value, and the vertical difference is the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value.

3. The method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The position of the radial reference fulcrum is adjustable on the detection support platform.

4. The method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least one of the two radial auxiliary fulcrums has an adjustable position on the detection support platform, and its adjustment direction forms an acute angle with the adjustment direction of the radial reference fulcrum.

5. The method for detecting the raceway angle and perpendicularity difference of a large tapered roller bearing according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Keep the supporting directions of the two radial auxiliary fulcrums always perpendicular to the supporting direction of the radial reference fulcrum, and when the two radial auxiliary fulcrums are in radial contact with the circumferential surface of the bearing, their supporting directions both pass through the axis of the corresponding bearing.

6. The method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The measuring gauge is in contact with the raceway of the bearing along a diameter direction of the bearing.

7. The method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The measuring gauge is adjustably arranged on the detection support platform in the axial direction of the bearing so as to be able to adjust the position along the generatrix of the bearing raceway.

8. The method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The measuring gauge and the radial reference fulcrum are arranged at an upper and lower interval.

9. The method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The two radial auxiliary fulcrums and the radial reference fulcrum are arranged at the same height.

10. The method for detecting the raceway angle and vertical difference of a large tapered roller bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the radial reference fulcrum and the radial auxiliary fulcrum are slidably installed on the detection support platform through the T-shaped grooves provided on the detection support platform to achieve position adjustment.

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