Anchoring part prestress detection system and method based on sensing technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, and discloses an anchoring part prestress detection system and method based on a sensing technology. Comprising a sensor installation data acquisition module, an anchoring part prestress partition detection module, a feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module, a prestress effective transmission judgment module, a prestress adjustment loss evaluation module and an intelligent diagnosis and early warning module. The actual prestress of each distribution area is obtained, uniform distribution judgment is carried out on the actual prestress of the anchoring part, a feedback mechanism is started for automatic adjustment when the judgment result is abnormal, tension force distribution is automatically adjusted through an intelligent control system, and according to an established effective transmission judgment model and an adjustment loss evaluation model, the tension force is evaluated. And an intelligent diagnosis result is automatically generated and early warning information is sent out, so that stress loss is effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sensors, and more particularly to an anchor prestress detection system and method based on sensing technology. Background Art

[0002] In fields such as underground engineering, tunnel construction, and mine exploitation, anchor cable and bolt systems, as common support structures, are widely used to improve the stability and anti-deformation ability of structures. However, during the anchoring process, due to multiple factors such as stress concentration, material aging, and environmental changes, the anchor components are prone to stress loss, resulting in a reduced anchoring effect, which in turn affects the safety and stability of the entire structure.

[0003] Traditional anchor component detection systems can only obtain the initial prestress value and cannot dynamically monitor subsequent stress relaxation caused by creep, fatigue, or environmental erosion. Manual detection has low efficiency and is difficult to cover large-scale anchor component clusters. Subsequently, sensor technology has been widely applied to the anchoring system, enabling distributed measurement through wavelength coding, being corrosion-resistant and electromagnetic interference-resistant, suitable for embedding in concrete structures or geotechnical bolts, and wireless sensor networks supporting real-time data transmission to cover large-scale monitoring areas.

[0004] However, existing anchoring systems are difficult to achieve precise stress monitoring and adjustment. Due to the complex construction site environment, the stress distribution is uneven, resulting in unstable anchoring effects. Even for some monitoring systems, they usually cannot adjust the tensile force in real time and dynamically, making it difficult to detect and correct stress loss in anchor components in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an anchor prestress detection system based on sensing technology to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background art.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solutions: An anchor prestress detection system based on sensing technology, comprising: a sensor installation data acquisition module, an anchor prestress partition detection module, a feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module, a prestress effective transfer judgment module, a prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, and an intelligent diagnosis and early warning module; The sensor installation data acquisition module is used to install sensors at different preset positions of the anchor component, collect prestress data at different preset positions of the anchor component through the sensors, and transmit the prestress data to the anchor prestress partition detection module; The anchor prestress partition detection module receives the prestress data transmitted by the sensor installation data acquisition module, detects the prestress distribution area at different preset positions of the anchor component, and obtains the actual prestress of each distribution area; The feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module determines the uniform distribution of the actual prestress of the anchor, and starts the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment when the judgment result is abnormal, and automatically adjusts the tension force distribution through the intelligent control system; The prestress effective transfer judgment module establishes an effective transfer judgment model to perform effective transfer judgment on the actual prestress of the evenly distributed anchor; The prestressed stress adjustment loss assessment module establishes an adjustment loss assessment model to perform prestressed stress adjustment loss assessment on the anchor that automatically adjusts the tension force distribution; The intelligent diagnosis and early warning module includes a diagnosis unit and an early warning unit, which automatically generates intelligent diagnosis results and issues early warning information.

[0007] Preferably, in the sensor installation data acquisition module, the sensors are installed at different preset positions of the anchor, and the preset positions include key stress-bearing sections and high-risk areas of the anchor; Prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor are collected by sensors. The anchor is an anchor rod. The prestress data of different preset positions include: the length of the anchor, the angle between the anchor and the horizontal line, the overall tension of the anchor, the change in the cross-sectional area of ​​each distribution area, and the original cross-sectional area of ​​each distribution area.

[0008] Preferably, in the anchor prestress partition detection module, the prestress distribution area detection is performed on different preset positions of the anchor, and the specific content of obtaining the actual prestress of each distribution area is as follows: The number of different preset positions of the anchor is n, and the number of corresponding distribution areas is n, i=1, 2, 3, ..., n, where i represents the number of each distribution area; The overall tension of the anchor is analyzed and the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor is calculated. The calculation formula is: ,in represents the converted elastic modulus of the anchor, represents the standard transformed elastic modulus without influencing factors preset for the anchor, Indicates the converted density of the anchor. Indicates the length of the anchor, It represents the angle between the anchor and the horizontal line. Indicates the overall tension of the anchor; Based on the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor, the prestress distribution area of ​​different preset positions of the anchor is detected, and the actual prestress in each distribution area is calculated. The calculation formula is: ,in represents the actual prestress in each distribution area, represents the converted elastic modulus of the anchor, Represents the change in the cross-sectional area of ​​each distribution area, Represents the original cross-sectional area of each distribution region.

[0009] Preferably, in the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module, the actual prestress of the anchor is judged for uniform distribution: the absolute value of the difference between the actual prestress of each distribution region and the preset prestress is compared with the preset deviation threshold. If the absolute value of the difference between the actual prestress of the distribution region and the preset prestress is less than the preset deviation threshold, it is judged that the actual prestress of the anchor is uniformly distributed, and the judgment result is normal; otherwise, it is judged that the actual prestress of the anchor is non-uniformly distributed, and the judgment result is abnormal. When the judgment result is abnormal, start the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment, and use the adaptive tensioning technology to automatically adjust the tension distribution through the intelligent control system.

[0010] Preferably, the specific content of automatically adjusting the tension distribution by using the adaptive tensioning technology through the intelligent control system is as follows: Calculate the error of the distribution region with an abnormal judgment result. The calculation formula is where represents the error value of the distribution region with an abnormal judgment result, represents the preset prestress when each distribution region is under uniform stress, represents the actual prestress of each distribution region; Through the adaptive control algorithm, the error value of the distribution region with an abnormal judgment result is used as a variable and input into the adaptive control algorithm to obtain the tension adjustment amount of the distribution region with an abnormal judgment result. The expression of the PID control algorithm is: where represents the tension adjustment amount of the distribution region with an abnormal judgment result, represents the error value of the distribution region with an abnormal judgment result, represents the first discrimination proportional coefficient, represents the second discrimination proportional coefficient.

[0011] Preferably, in the prestress effective transfer judgment module, an effective transfer judgment model is established to judge the effective transfer of the actual prestress of the uniformly distributed anchor. The expression of the effective transfer judgment model is: where represents the judgment value of the effective transfer judgment model, represents the actual prestress of each distribution region, represents the preset prestress when each distribution region is under uniform stress.

[0012] Preferably, in the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, an adjustment loss evaluation model is established to evaluate the prestress adjustment loss of the anchor with automatically adjusted tensile force distribution. The calculation formula of the adjustment loss evaluation model is: , where represents the evaluation value of the adjustment loss evaluation model, represents the actual prestress of each distribution area, represents the preset prestress when each distribution area is under uniform stress, represents the tensile force adjustment amount of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result.

[0013] Preferably, the intelligent diagnosis and early warning module includes a diagnosis unit and an early warning unit. The diagnosis unit receives the judgment result transmitted by the prestress effective transfer judgment module and the evaluation result transmitted by the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, generates intelligent diagnosis information, and transmits the diagnosis information to the early warning unit when the diagnosis is abnormal; the early warning unit receives the adjustment result of the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module to automatically adjust the tensile force distribution through the intelligent control system, issues a warning about the prestress distribution of the anchor when the adjustment is unsuccessful, and issues a prestress diagnosis warning after receiving the diagnosis information transmitted by the diagnosis unit; The specific content of the intelligent diagnosis information generated by the diagnosis unit is: receiving the judgment result transmitted by the prestress effective transfer judgment module, comparing the judgment value of the effective transfer judgment model with the preset first evaluation threshold. If the judgment value of the effective transfer judgment model is greater than or equal to the preset first evaluation threshold, the judgment result is that the effective transfer of prestress is normal; otherwise, the judgment result is that the effective transfer of prestress is abnormal; receiving the evaluation result transmitted by the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, comparing the evaluation value of the adjustment loss evaluation model with the preset second evaluation threshold. If the evaluation value of the adjustment loss evaluation model is greater than or equal to the preset second evaluation threshold, the evaluation result is that the adjustment loss of prestress is normal; otherwise, the judgment result is that the adjustment loss of prestress is abnormal.

[0014] The prestress detection method for the anchor based on the sensing technology includes the following steps: Step S01: Install sensors at different preset positions of the anchor, and collect prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor through the sensors; Step S02: Detect the prestress distribution area of different preset positions of the anchor to obtain the actual prestress of each distribution area; Step S03: Judge whether the actual prestress of the anchor is evenly distributed, and start the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment when the judgment result is abnormal, and automatically adjust the tensile force distribution through the intelligent control system; Step S04: Establish an effective transfer judgment model to judge the effective transfer of the actual prestress of the evenly distributed anchor; Step S05: Establish an adjustment loss assessment model to evaluate the prestress adjustment loss of the anchor that automatically adjusts the tension distribution; Step S06: Automatically generate an intelligent diagnosis result and send out a warning message.

[0015] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The present invention realizes real-time monitoring of the anchor during operation through the sensor installation data acquisition module, the anchor prestress partition detection module, the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module, the prestress effective transfer judgment module, the prestress adjustment loss assessment module, and the intelligent diagnosis and warning module. The system can timely detect abnormal stress loss, and through remote adjustment or alarm reminder, ensure that corresponding remedial measures are taken in time, thereby effectively avoiding stress loss; Collect prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor through sensors, obtain the actual prestress of each distribution area, judge the uniform distribution of the actual prestress of the anchor, and start the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment when the judgment result is abnormal. Combining advanced sensor technology, the tension during the tensioning process of the anchor is monitored and adjusted in real time. Through data acquisition and feedback mechanism, the intelligent control system can adjust the tension distribution according to the real-time monitoring results to ensure uniform tension distribution and avoid anchoring failure caused by uneven tensioning. Brief description of the drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an anchor prestress detection system based on sensing technology.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a flow schematic diagram of an anchor prestress detection method based on sensing technology. Specific implementation manners

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the present invention. In addition, the forms of each structure described in the following embodiments are only examples. The anchor prestress detection system and method based on sensing technology involved in the present invention are not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides an anchor prestress detection system based on sensing technology, including: a sensor installation data acquisition module, an anchor prestress partition detection module, a feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module, a prestress effective transfer judgment module, a prestress adjustment loss assessment module, and an intelligent diagnosis and warning module; The sensor installation data acquisition module is used to install sensors at different preset positions of the anchor, collect prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor through the sensors, and transmit the prestress data to the anchor prestress partition detection module; The anchor prestress partition detection module receives the prestress data transmitted by the sensor installation data acquisition module, detects the prestress distribution area of different preset positions of the anchor, obtains the actual prestress of each distribution area, and transmits the actual prestress of each distribution area to the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module; The feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module receives the actual prestress of each distribution area transmitted by the anchor prestress partition detection module, judges the uniform distribution of the actual prestress of the anchor, and starts the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment when the judgment result is abnormal. The tension distribution is automatically adjusted through the intelligent control system. When the actual prestress distribution of the anchor is uniform, the actual prestress of each distribution area is transmitted to the prestress effective transfer judgment module. After automatically adjusting the actual prestress of the anchor, the actual prestress of each distribution area and the tension adjustment amount are transmitted to the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module; The prestress effective transfer judgment module establishes an effective transfer judgment model to judge the effective transfer of the actual prestress of the uniformly distributed anchor; The prestress adjustment loss evaluation module establishes an adjustment loss evaluation model to evaluate the prestress adjustment loss of the anchor with automatically adjusted tension distribution; The intelligent diagnosis and early warning module includes a diagnosis unit and an early warning unit, and automatically generates an intelligent diagnosis result and issues an early warning message.

[0020] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that in the sensor installation data acquisition module, the sensors are installed at different preset positions of the anchor, and the preset positions include the key stress-bearing section and the high-risk area of the anchor; Prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor are collected through the sensors. The anchor is a bolt, and the prestress data of different preset positions include: the length of the anchor, the angle between the anchor and the horizontal line, the overall tension of the anchor, the change amount of the cross-sectional area of each distribution area, and the original cross-sectional area of each distribution area; Due to geometric mutations or material discontinuities, the stress amplitude at the key stress-bearing section and high-risk area positions of the anchor can reach 3 to 5 times the average value. The sensor can accurately capture the microstrain evolution here and warn of local yield or crack initiation.

[0021] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that in the anchor prestress partition detection module, the prestress distribution area of different preset positions of the anchor is detected, and the specific content of obtaining the actual prestress of each distribution area is as follows: If the number of different preset positions of the anchor is n, then the number of corresponding distribution regions is n, where i = 1, 2, 3,..., n, and i represents the number of each distribution region; Analyze the overall tensile force of the anchor, calculate the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor. The change in ambient temperature will cause thermal expansion and contraction of the anchor. This change in thermal stress will cause the anchor to be subjected to uneven stress, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the anchor. Converting the elastic modulus of the anchor improves the accuracy of the numerical model. The calculation formula is: , where represents the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor, represents the standard conversion elastic modulus of the anchor without influence factors preset, represents the conversion unit weight of the anchor, represents the length of the anchor, represents the angle between the anchor and the horizontal line, represents the overall tensile force of the anchor. When , then the corresponding When , then the corresponding When , then the corresponding ; Based on the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor, detect the prestress distribution region of different preset positions of the anchor, and calculate the actual prestress of each distribution region. The calculation formula is: , where represents the actual prestress of each distribution region, represents the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor, represents the change amount of the cross-sectional area of each distribution region, represents the original cross-sectional area of each distribution region; When the change amount of the cross-sectional area of the anchor distribution region , the original cross-sectional area of the distribution region , then .

[0022] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that in the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module, a uniform distribution judgment is made on the actual prestress of the anchor: the absolute value of the difference between the actual prestress of each distribution region and the preset prestress is compared with the preset deviation threshold. If the absolute value of the difference between the actual prestress of the distribution region and the preset prestress is less than the preset deviation threshold, it is judged that the actual prestress of the anchor is evenly distributed, and the judgment result is normal. Otherwise, it is judged that the actual prestress of the anchor is unevenly distributed, and the judgment result is abnormal; When the judgment result is abnormal, start the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment, and use the adaptive tensioning technology to automatically adjust the tension distribution through the intelligent control system.

[0023] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the specific content of automatically adjusting the tensile force distribution by using the adaptive tensioning technology through the intelligent control system is as follows: Calculate the error for the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result. The calculation formula is , where represents the error value of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result, represents the preset prestress when each distribution area is under uniform stress, represents the actual prestress of each distribution area; When the number of distribution areas is 5, the values of are 20, 21, 23, 21, and 25 respectively, and is a preset fixed value of 25. Then the error values of the distribution areas with abnormal judgment results are 5, 4, 2, 4, and 0 respectively; Through the adaptive control algorithm, the error value of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result is used as a variable and input into the adaptive control algorithm to obtain the tensile force adjustment amount of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result. The expression of the PID control algorithm is: , where represents the tensile force adjustment amount of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result, represents the error value of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result, represents the first discrimination proportional coefficient, represents the second discrimination proportional coefficient.

[0024] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that in the prestress effective transfer judgment module, an effective transfer judgment model is established to judge the effective transfer of the actual prestress of the uniformly distributed anchor fittings. The expression of the effective transfer judgment model is: , where represents the judgment value of the effective transfer judgment model, represents the actual prestress of each distribution area, represents the preset prestress when each distribution area is under uniform stress. When the number of distribution areas is 5, the values of are 20, 21, 23, 21, and 25 respectively, and is a preset fixed value of 25. Then

[0025] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that in the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, an adjustment loss evaluation model is established to evaluate the prestress adjustment loss of the anchor fittings for automatically adjusting the tensile force distribution. The calculation formula of the adjustment loss evaluation model is: , where represents the evaluation value of the adjustment loss evaluation model, Indicates the actual prestress of each distribution area. Indicates the prestress preset when the force is evenly distributed in each distribution area. Indicates the tensile force adjustment amount of the distribution area where the judgment result is abnormal.

[0026] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the intelligent diagnosis and early warning module includes a diagnosis unit and an early warning unit. The diagnosis unit receives the judgment result transmitted by the prestress effective transfer judgment module and the evaluation result transmitted by the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, generates intelligent diagnosis information, and transmits the diagnosis information to the early warning unit when the diagnosis is abnormal; the early warning unit receives the adjustment result of the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module to automatically adjust the tensile force distribution through the intelligent control system, issues a prestress distribution warning of the anchor when the adjustment is unsuccessful, and receives the diagnosis information transmitted by the diagnosis unit to issue a prestress diagnosis warning. The specific content of the intelligent diagnosis information generated by the diagnosis unit is as follows: receiving the judgment result transmitted by the prestress effective transfer judgment module, comparing the judgment value of the effective transfer judgment model with the preset first evaluation threshold. If the judgment value of the effective transfer judgment model is greater than or equal to the preset first evaluation threshold, the judgment result is that the effective transfer of prestress is normal; otherwise, the judgment result is that the effective transfer of prestress is abnormal; receiving the evaluation result transmitted by the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, comparing the evaluation value of the adjustment loss evaluation model with the preset second evaluation threshold. If the evaluation value of the adjustment loss evaluation model is greater than or equal to the preset second evaluation threshold, the evaluation result is that the adjustment loss of prestress is normal; otherwise, the judgment result is that the adjustment loss of prestress is abnormal.

[0027] As Figure 2 shown, in this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the prestress detection method of the anchor based on the sensing technology includes the following steps: Step S01: Install sensors at different preset positions of the anchor, and collect prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor through the sensors. Step S02: Detect the prestress distribution area of different preset positions of the anchor to obtain the actual prestress of each distribution area. Step S03: Judge the uniform distribution of the actual prestress of the anchor, and start the feedback mechanism for automatic adjustment when the judgment result is abnormal, and automatically adjust the tensile force distribution through the intelligent control system. Step S04: Establish an effective transfer judgment model to judge the effective transfer of the actual prestress of the uniformly distributed anchor. Step S05: Establish an adjustment loss evaluation model to evaluate the prestress adjustment loss of the anchor with automatically adjusted tensile force distribution. Step S06: Automatically generate an intelligent diagnosis result and issue a warning message.

[0028] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that the main difference between this embodiment and the prior art is that this embodiment realizes the real-time monitoring of the anchor during operation through a sensor installation data acquisition module, an anchor prestress zoning detection module, a feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module, a prestress effective transmission judgment module, a prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, and an intelligent diagnosis and early warning module. The system can timely detect abnormal stress loss and ensure timely adoption of corresponding remedial measures through remote adjustment or alarm reminder, thus effectively avoiding stress loss; Prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor is collected by sensors, and the actual prestress of each distribution area is obtained. The uniform distribution of the actual prestress of the anchor is judged, and when the judgment result is abnormal, the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment is started. Combining advanced sensor technology, the tension during the tensioning process of the anchor is monitored and adjusted in real time. Through data acquisition and the feedback mechanism, the intelligent control system can adjust the tension distribution according to the real-time monitoring results to ensure uniform tension distribution and avoid anchoring failure caused by uneven tensioning.

[0029] Finally: The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and all should be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The prestress detection system for anchor bolts based on sensing technology is characterized in that: Including: A sensor installation data acquisition module, an anchor prestress partition detection module, a feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module, a prestress effective transfer judgment module, a prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, and an intelligent diagnosis and early warning module; The sensor installation data acquisition module is used to install sensors at different preset positions of the anchor, collect prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor through the sensors, and transmit the prestress data to the anchor prestress partition detection module; The anchor prestress partition detection module receives the prestress data transmitted by the sensor installation data acquisition module, detects the prestress distribution area of different preset positions of the anchor, and obtains the actual prestress of each distribution area; The feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module judges the uniform distribution of the actual prestress of the anchor, and starts the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment when the judgment result is abnormal, and automatically adjusts the tension distribution through the intelligent control system; The prestress effective transfer judgment module establishes an effective transfer judgment model to judge the effective transfer of the actual prestress of the uniformly distributed anchor; The prestress adjustment loss evaluation module establishes an adjustment loss evaluation model to evaluate the prestress adjustment loss of the anchor with automatically adjusted tension distribution; The intelligent diagnosis and early warning module includes a diagnosis unit and an early warning unit, and automatically generates an intelligent diagnosis result and issues an early warning message.

2. The prestress detection system for the anchor based on the sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the sensor installation data acquisition module, sensors are installed at different preset positions of the anchor, and the preset positions include the key stress-bearing section and the high-risk area of the anchor; Prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor are collected through the sensors. The anchor is a bolt, and the prestress data of different preset positions include: the length of the anchor, the angle between the anchor and the horizontal line, the overall tension of the anchor, the change amount of the cross-sectional area of each distribution area, and the original cross-sectional area of each distribution area.

3. The prestress detection system for the anchor based on the sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the anchor prestress partition detection module, the specific content of detecting the prestress distribution area of different preset positions of the anchor and obtaining the actual prestress of each distribution area is as follows: If the number of different preset positions of the anchor is n, then the corresponding number of distribution areas is n, i = 1, 2, 3,..., n, where i represents the number of each distribution area; Analyze the overall tensile force of the anchor and calculate the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor. The calculation formula is as follows: , where represents the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor; represents the standard conversion elastic modulus of the anchor without influence factors preset; represents the conversion unit weight of the anchor; represents the length of the anchor; represents the angle between the anchor and the horizontal line; represents the overall tensile force of the anchor. Detect the prestress distribution area of different preset positions of the anchor based on the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor, and calculate the actual prestress of each distribution area. The calculation formula is: , where represents the actual prestress of each distribution area, represents the conversion elastic modulus of the anchor, represents the change in cross-sectional area of each distribution area, represents the original cross-sectional area of each distribution area.

4. The prestress detection system for anchor bolts based on sensing technology according to claim 1, wherein: In the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module, the uniform distribution of the actual prestress of the anchor is judged: the absolute value of the difference between the actual prestress of each distribution area and the preset prestress is compared with the preset deviation threshold. If the absolute value of the difference between the actual prestress of the distribution area and the preset prestress is less than the preset deviation threshold, it is judged that the actual prestress of the anchor is uniformly distributed, and the judgment result is normal; otherwise, it is judged that the actual prestress of the anchor is non-uniformly distributed, and the judgment result is abnormal; When the judgment result is abnormal, the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment is started, and the tension distribution is automatically adjusted through the intelligent control system using the adaptive tensioning technology.

5. The prestress detection system for the anchor based on the sensing technology according to claim 4, wherein: The specific content of automatically adjusting the tension distribution through the intelligent control system using the adaptive tensioning technology is as follows: Calculate the error for the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result. The calculation formula is , where represents the error value of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result, represents the preset prestress when the force on each distribution area is uniform, represents the actual prestress of each distribution area; Through the adaptive control algorithm, the error value of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result is used as a variable and input into the adaptive control algorithm to obtain the pulling force adjustment amount of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result. The PID control algorithm is expressed as: , where represents the pulling force adjustment amount of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result, represents the error value of the distribution area with an abnormal judgment result, represents the first discrimination proportional coefficient, represents the second discrimination proportional coefficient.

6. The prestress detection system for anchor bolts based on sensing technology according to claim 1, wherein: In the prestress effective transfer judgment module, an effective transfer judgment model is established to judge the effective transfer of the actual prestress of the uniformly distributed anchor fittings. The expression of the effective transfer judgment model is as follows: , where represents the judgment value of the effective transfer judgment model, represents the actual prestress of each distribution area, represents the prestress preset when each distribution area is under uniform stress.

7. The prestress detection system for anchor bolts based on sensing technology according to claim 1, wherein: In the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, an adjustment loss evaluation model is established to evaluate the prestress adjustment loss of the anchor for automatically adjusting the tension distribution. The calculation formula of the adjustment loss evaluation model is as follows: , where represents the evaluation value of the adjustment loss evaluation model, represents the actual prestress of each distribution area, represents the prestress preset when the stress is uniform in each distribution area, represents the tension adjustment amount of the distribution area where the judgment result is abnormal.

8. The prestress detection system for anchor bolts based on sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent diagnosis and warning module includes a diagnosis unit and a warning unit. The diagnosis unit receives the judgment result transmitted by the prestress effective transfer judgment module and the evaluation result transmitted by the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, generates intelligent diagnosis information, and transmits the diagnosis information to the warning unit when the diagnosis is abnormal; the warning unit receives the adjustment result of the feedback mechanism automatic adjustment module to automatically adjust the tension distribution through the intelligent control system, issues a warning for the prestress distribution of the anchor when the adjustment is unsuccessful, and issues a prestress diagnosis warning after receiving the diagnosis information transmitted by the diagnosis unit; The specific content of the intelligent diagnosis information generated by the diagnosis unit is as follows: receiving the judgment result transmitted by the prestress effective transfer judgment module, comparing the judgment value of the effective transfer judgment model with a preset first evaluation threshold, if the judgment value of the effective transfer judgment model is greater than or equal to the preset first evaluation threshold, the judgment result is that the effective transfer of prestress is normal, otherwise, the judgment result is that the effective transfer of prestress is abnormal; receiving the evaluation result transmitted by the prestress adjustment loss evaluation module, comparing the evaluation value of the adjustment loss evaluation model with a preset second evaluation threshold, if the evaluation value of the adjustment loss evaluation model is greater than or equal to the preset second evaluation threshold, the evaluation result is that the adjustment loss of prestress is normal, otherwise, the judgment result is that the adjustment loss of prestress is abnormal.

9. A prestress detection method for anchor bolts based on sensing technology, which is used for the prestress detection system of anchor bolts based on sensing technology according to any one of claims 1-8 above, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step S01: Install sensors at different preset positions of the anchor, and collect prestress data of different preset positions of the anchor through the sensors; Step S02: Detect the prestress distribution area of different preset positions of the anchor to obtain the actual prestress of each distribution area; Step S03: Judge whether the actual prestress of the anchor is evenly distributed, and start the feedback mechanism for automatic adjustment when the judgment result is abnormal, and automatically adjust the tension distribution through the intelligent control system; Step S04: Establish an effective transfer judgment model to judge the effective transfer of the actual prestress of the evenly distributed anchor; Step S05: Establish an adjustment loss evaluation model to evaluate the prestress adjustment loss of the anchor with automatically adjusted tension distribution; Step S06: Automatically generate an intelligent diagnosis result and issue a warning message.

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