Bridge structure deflection monitoring system and method based on communicating vessel principle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge deflection monitoring, in particular to a bridge structure deflection monitoring system and method based on the communicating vessel principle, a container comprises a datum point arranged on one side of a pier and measuring points distributed on a bridge in a multi-point mode, a liquid level detection assembly is arranged on the container, and a limiting rod is fixedly connected in the container; the outer side of the limiting rod is slidably connected with a floater, the floater can move along the limiting rod and generate front-back movement amount when ascending and descending along with the water level L. The liquid level in the container is obtained by detecting the position distance n of the floater in the front-back direction so that deflection monitoring can be achieved, and deflection monitoring can be achieved by increasing a little front-back length of the container and enabling the floater to move along with the water level. The device can generate front-back transverse movement, can effectively avoid detection errors caused by measurement through ultrasonic waves and laser speeds and environmental changes, and can avoid overlook and look-up problems caused by visual detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge deflection monitoring, and specifically to a bridge structure deflection monitoring system and method based on the principle of communicating vessels. Background Art

[0002] Among various safety performance indicators of bridges, deflection is a very important one. There are many methods for detecting the deflection of bridges, such as the traditional dial gauge method, inclinometer method, laser pulse ranging method, GPS method, etc. Measuring the deflection by using the communicating pipe method has the characteristics of many measuring points and little influence by environmental factors, and has been widely used in the safety detection of various bridges.

[0003] The communicating pipe method is to install a communicating pipe between the deflection measurement point and the reference point. Using the principle of maintaining the same horizontal liquid level in the same system, the relative position change in the vertical direction between the two points is converted into the change of the liquid level in the communicating pipe, and then the position change of the measurement point relative to the reference point in the vertical direction, that is, the deflection, is inversely calculated from the measured liquid level change by using the principle of the communicating pipe. For example, Figure 1 the deflection of this measurement point is h2 - h1.

[0004] To ensure that the deflection change at the measurement point does not affect the liquid level height in the communicating pipe, the communicating pipe is connected to a large-volume container at the reference point, and a deflection detection device is installed at each point of the container and the measurement point, thus forming a communicating pipe method bridge deflection measurement system.

[0005] For the communicating pipe liquid level detection applied to bridge deflection, how to accurately, real-time and stably obtain the liquid level data in the communicating pipe is the key to realizing bridge deflection detection;

[0006] For example, Figure 2 as shown in

[0007] if the machine vision method is adopted, the high-speed camera continuously shoots the height of the liquid level in the measurement point. Because the high-speed camera is fixed, in the change of the liquid level, there will be situations of excessive looking down and looking up and refraction of the measuring point glass tube, and there will also be errors in obtaining the liquid level value;

[0008] The present invention proposes a bridge structure deflection monitoring system and method based on the principle of communicating vessels, which uses laser as the measurement method, but does not rely on the speed of the laser as the measurement method, and can realize real-time measurement without being interfered by the external environment.

[0009] Therefore, in view of the above problems, a bridge structure deflection monitoring system and method based on the principle of communicating vessels are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a bridge structure deflection monitoring system and method based on the principle of communicating vessels. By using laser as the measurement method, but not relying on the speed of laser as the measurement method, it can achieve real-time measurement without being interfered by the external environment.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the principle of communicating vessels, including a plurality of containers installed on the bridge and opening upward. The bottoms of adjacent containers are connected through a communicating hose to form a communicating vessel. The container includes a reference point arranged on one side of the pier and measurement points distributed at multiple points on the bridge. A liquid level detection component is arranged on the container:

[0012] A limiting rod is fixedly connected inside the container. A float is slidably connected to the outside of the limiting rod. When the float follows the rise and fall of the water level L, it will move along the limiting rod and generate a forward and backward movement amount. By detecting the position distance n of the float in the front and back directions, the liquid level in the container is obtained to realize deflection monitoring. At this time, the height of the water level L in the container is ntana, and tana is a fixed value.

[0013] The present invention can effectively avoid the detection errors caused by environmental changes in measuring through ultrasonic waves and laser speed, and can also avoid the problems of looking down and looking up caused by visual detection by increasing the front and back length of the container slightly and enabling the float to generate a forward and backward lateral movement when following the water level movement, so as to realize real-time measurement without being interfered by the external environment;

[0014] In the present invention, the container corresponding to the measurement point can be selected to be hinged to the bridge to prevent the measurement point from tilting when the bridge has a deflection, which affects the measurement.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the principle of communicating vessels of the present invention, the container is perpendicular to the ground, and there is an included angle a between the limiting rod and the bottom end of the container. The range of the included angle a is 80° - 90°.

[0016] When the included angle a is lower than 90°, the float can generate a forward and backward displacement, and this displacement is linear with the change of the water level and can be captured. The angle of the included angle a cannot be too low to prevent a large resistance when the float moves up and down.

[0017] Preferably, in the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle of the present invention, the slider can reciprocally slide on the top of the container. Inside the bottom end of the slider, a laser emitter and a laser receiver are fixedly connected. The laser emitter and the laser receiver are distributed left and right. A reflective sheet is embedded in the top surface of the float. When the reflective sheet is directly below the laser emitter and the laser receiver, the laser receiver can receive the laser emitted by the laser emitter. By obtaining the position of the slider in the front-rear direction, the position distance n of the float in the front-rear direction is obtained.

[0018] In the present invention, the high-speed propagation of the laser is used as a verification signal to determine the specific position of the slider in the front-rear direction, without relying on the propagation speed of the laser for ranging. On the premise of ensuring real-time performance, the interference of the environment is further reduced, and the structural cost is cheap, and a significant cost advantage can be obtained.

[0019] When the reflective sheet is directly below the laser emitter and the laser receiver, the light emitted by the laser emitter will be sensed by the laser receiver after passing through the reflective sheet. At this time, the remote controller connected wirelessly will obtain the position distance n of the sliding point in the front-rear direction of the container at this time, and then calculate the liquid level height at this time through trigonometric functions.

[0020] Preferably, in the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle of the present invention, the diameter of the laser emitted by the laser emitter is 0.05 mm - 0.1 mm, and the diameter of the laser emitted by the laser emitter is equal to the receiving diameter of the laser receiver.

[0021] Under the above settings, the deflection monitoring stroke of a general bridge is about 100 cm. The closer the included angle a of the limiting rod is to 90°, the narrower the span in the front-rear direction of the container can be made. When the included angle a of the limiting rod exceeds 87°, the front-rear span of the container can be made within 5 cm. When the front-rear span is narrow, the higher the requirement for the diameter of the laser emitted by the laser emitter.

[0022] Preferably, in the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle of the present invention, side plates are fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the top of the container. A slide bar for limiting is fixedly connected between the two side plates. The outer side of the slide bar is slidably connected to the inner side of the slider. A motor is fixedly connected to one of the side plates. The end of the main shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with a reciprocating lead screw. The other end of the reciprocating lead screw is rotatably connected to the surface of the other side plate. The outer side of the reciprocating lead screw is slidably connected to the inner side of the slider. The reciprocating movement of the slider on the top of the container is realized by the rotation of the reciprocating lead screw.

[0023] Preferably, in the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle of the present invention, a potentiometer is fixedly connected between the two side plates. A sliding point is fixedly connected to the top of the slider. The sliding point slides on the lower surface of the potentiometer. The position of the slider in the front-rear direction is obtained by obtaining the position of the sliding point on the potentiometer.

[0024] Preferably, in the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle of the present invention, when the reflective sheet is directly below the laser emitter and the laser receiver, the downward projection m of the sliding point lies on the intersection line of the water plane of the float and the middle plane of the float in the front-rear direction.

[0025] Under the above settings, when the motor rotates, the reciprocating lead screw rotates, and the slider can achieve reciprocating movement back and forth. During the movement, the accurate position of the sliding point is obtained through the potentiometer. Through the position of the sliding point, the position of the intersection line of the water plane of the float and the middle plane of the float in the front-rear direction can be determined, and this intersection line position is the accurate front-rear position n of the float; thus, accurate measurement of the liquid level in the container is achieved.

[0026] Preferably, in the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle of the present invention, after the float is adjusted by counterweight, the draft in the container is 0.3 cm - 1 cm.

[0027] The draft of the float cannot be too shallow, as being too shallow will affect the kinetic energy when the water level changes and increase the hysteresis.

[0028] Preferably, in the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle of the present invention, a cylinder is further provided at the container where the reference point is located. A piston is slidably connected to the inner side of the cylinder. Water replenishment is achieved through the movement of the piston towards the cylinder direction. When not in detection, the water levels in multiple containers are made to shake through the reciprocating movement of the piston to prevent the liquid in the container from freezing. The tail end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to an electric push rod, and the movable end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the surface of the piston.

[0029] Under the above settings, the present invention further provides a cylinder at the container where the reference point is located, and a piston is slidably connected to the inner side of the cylinder, which has two functions. One is the water replenishment function to prevent the water level in the communicating vessel from being too low. The other is that when the weather is relatively cold, the water levels in multiple containers are made to shake through the reciprocating movement of the piston to prevent the liquid in the container from freezing, and it can be used in static monitoring.

[0030] A method for monitoring the structural deflection during bridge construction, using the monitoring system as claimed in claim 8, the steps are as follows:

[0031] Step 1: Installation, install a reference point on one side of the bridge pier and install multi-point distributed measurement points on the bridge.

[0032] Step 2: Obtain the liquid level heights of the measurement points and the reference point through the liquid level detection component. The liquid level detection component obtains the liquid level height in the container by detecting the position distance n of the float in the front-rear direction. At this time, the height of the water level L in the container is ntana. Subtract the liquid level height of the reference point from the liquid level height of the measurement point to obtain the deflection value of the measurement point to achieve monitoring.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. For the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle, in the present invention, by increasing the front and rear lengths of the container slightly and enabling the float to move laterally in the front and rear directions when following the water level, the liquid level in the container can be obtained by detecting the position distance n of the float in the front and rear directions, thereby realizing deflection monitoring. This method can effectively avoid the detection errors caused by environmental changes when measuring through ultrasonic waves and laser speed, and can also avoid the problems of looking down and looking up caused by visual detection, realizing real-time measurement without being interfered by the external environment; the liquid level in the container is obtained by detecting the position distance n of the float in the front and rear directions to realize deflection monitoring. At this time, the height of the water level L in the container is ntana, where tana is a fixed value. The high-speed propagation of the laser is used as a verification signal to judge the specific position of the slider in the front and rear directions, rather than relying on the propagation speed of the laser for ranging. On the premise of ensuring real-time performance, the interference of the environment is further reduced, and the structural cost is low, and a significant cost advantage can be obtained.

[0035] 2. For the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle, in the present invention, the container corresponding to the measuring point can be selected to be hinged to the bridge to prevent the measuring point from tilting when the bridge deflects, affecting the measurement.

[0036] 3. For the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle, the container is perpendicular to the ground, and there is an angle a between the limiting rod and the bottom end of the container. The range of the angle a is 80°-90°. When the angle a is less than 90°, the float can be displaced in the front and rear directions, and this displacement is linear with the change of the water level and can be captured. The angle a cannot be too low to prevent a large resistance when the float moves up and down.

[0037] 4. For the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle, when the reflector is directly below the laser emitter and the laser receiver, the light emitted by the laser emitter will be sensed by the laser receiver after passing through the reflector. At this time, the remote controller connected wirelessly will obtain the position distance n of the sliding point in the front and rear directions of the container, and then calculate the liquid level height at this time through trigonometric functions. Generally, the deflection monitoring stroke of the bridge is about 100 cm. The closer the angle a of the limiting rod is to 90°, the narrower the span in the front and rear directions of the container can be. When the angle a of the limiting rod exceeds 87°, the span in the front and rear of the container can be made within 5 cm. When the span in the front and rear is narrow, the requirement for the diameter of the laser emitted by the laser emitter is higher.

[0038] 5. For the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the principle of communicating vessels, when the motor rotates, the reciprocating lead screw rotates, and the slider can achieve reciprocating movement back and forth. During the movement, the accurate position of the sliding point is obtained through the potentiometer. Through the position of the sliding point, the intersection line position of the water surface eaten by the float and the middle surface in the front and back directions of the float can be determined, and this intersection line position is the accurate front and back position n of the float; thus, the accurate measurement of the liquid level in the container is realized.

[0039] 6. For the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the principle of communicating vessels, under the above settings, the present invention also provides a cylinder at the container where the reference point is located. The piston is slidably connected to the inner side of the cylinder, and there are two functions. One is the water replenishing function to prevent the water level in the communicating vessels from being too low. The other is that when the weather is cold, the reciprocating movement of the piston causes the water levels in multiple containers to shake to prevent the liquid in the containers from freezing, and it can be used in static monitoring.

[0040] 7. For the bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the principle of communicating vessels, in order to further reduce the resistance of the float sliding outside the limit rod, mutually exclusive magnet sheets can be evenly arranged between the outside of the limit rod and the outside of the float to reduce the sliding friction. Description of the Drawings

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure for realizing bridge deflection measurement by the existing communicating vessels method;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the method for obtaining the liquid level at the measuring point by the machine vision method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall installation structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure at the measuring point of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal sectional structure at the measuring point of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure at the float of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the method for obtaining the deflection value at the measuring point of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure at the reference point of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the back structure at the slider of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10This is a schematic structural diagram of another installation method for the float and the limit rod of the present invention.

[0051] In the figure: 1, reference point; 2, measuring point; 3, high-speed camera; 4, bridge; 5, pier; 6, connecting hose; 7, side plate; 8, motor; 9, slider; 91, laser emitter; 92, laser receiver; 10, potentiometer; 11, reciprocating lead screw; 12, sliding point; 13, sliding rod; 14, reflective sheet; 15, limit rod; 16, cylinder; 17, electric push rod; 18, piston; 19, magnet sheet; 20, float.

[0052] Among them, y is the front-back direction, with the arrow direction being forward, and x is the left-right direction, with the arrow direction being right. Specific embodiments

[0053] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-10 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a bridge structure deflection monitoring system and method based on the principle of communicating vessels. The bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the principle of communicating vessels includes a plurality of containers installed on the bridge 4 and opening upward. The bottoms of adjacent containers are connected through a connecting hose 6 to form a communicating vessel. The containers include a reference point 1 arranged on one side of the pier 5 and measuring points 2 distributed at multiple points on the bridge 4. A liquid level detection component is arranged on the containers:

[0055] A limit rod 15 is fixedly connected inside the container. A float 20 is slidably connected to the outside of the limit rod 15. When the float 20 rises and falls with the water level L, it will move along the limit rod 15 and generate a front-back movement amount. By detecting the position distance n of the float 20 in the front-back direction, the liquid level in the container is obtained to realize deflection monitoring. At this time, the height of the water level L in the container is ntana, where tana is a fixed value.

[0056] The present invention can effectively avoid the detection errors caused by environmental changes when measuring through ultrasonic waves and laser speeds, and can also avoid the problems of looking down and looking up caused by visual detection by increasing the front-back length of the container slightly and enabling the float 20 to generate a front-back lateral movement when following the water level movement, so as to realize real-time measurement without being interfered by the external environment by detecting the position distance n of the float 20 in the front-back direction to obtain the liquid level in the container;

[0057] In the present invention, the container corresponding to measuring point 2 can be selected to be hinged to the bridge 4 to prevent the measuring point from tilting when the bridge deflects, thus affecting the measurement.

[0058] Specifically, the container is perpendicular to the ground, and there is an included angle a between the limiting rod 15 and the bottom end of the container, and the range of the included angle a is 80° - 90°.

[0059] When the included angle a is less than 90°, the float 20 can generate a front - and - back displacement, and this displacement is linear with the water level change and can be captured. The angle of the included angle a cannot be too low to prevent a large resistance when the float 20 moves up and down.

[0060] Specifically, the slider 9 can reciprocally slide on the top end of the container. Inside the bottom end of the slider 9, a laser emitter 91 and a laser receiver 92 are fixedly connected. The laser emitter 91 and the laser receiver 92 are distributed left and right. A reflective sheet 14 is embedded in the top - surface of the float 20. When the reflective sheet 14 is directly below the laser emitter 91 and the laser receiver 92, the laser receiver 92 can receive the laser emitted by the laser emitter 91, and the position distance n of the float 20 in the front - and - back direction can be obtained by obtaining the position of the slider 9 in the front - and - back direction.

[0061] In the present invention, the high - speed propagation of the laser is used as a verification signal to determine the specific position of the slider 9 in the front - and - back direction, without relying on the propagation speed of the laser for ranging. On the premise of ensuring real - time performance, it further reduces environmental interference, and the structural cost is low, and a significant cost advantage can be obtained.

[0062] When the reflective sheet 14 is directly below the laser emitter 91 and the laser receiver 92, the light emitted by the laser emitter 91 will be sensed by the laser receiver 92 after passing through the reflective sheet 14. At this time, the remote controller connected wirelessly will obtain the position distance n of the sliding point 12 in the front - and - back direction of the container, and then the liquid - level height at this time can be calculated through trigonometric functions.

[0063] Specifically, the diameter of the laser emitted by the laser emitter 91 is 0.05 mm - 0.1 mm, and the diameter of the laser emitted by the laser emitter 91 is equal to the receiving diameter of the laser receiver 92.

[0064] Under the above settings, the deflection monitoring stroke of a general bridge is about 100 cm. The closer the included angle a of the limiting rod 15 is to 90°, the narrower the span of the container in the front - and - back direction can be. When the included angle a of the limiting rod 15 exceeds 87°, the front - and - back span of the container can be made within 5 cm. When the front - and - back span is narrow, the requirement for the diameter of the laser emitted by the laser emitter 91 is higher.

[0065] Specifically, side plates 7 are fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the top end of the container. A slide bar 13 for limiting is fixedly connected between the two side plates 7. The outer side of the slide bar 13 is slidably connected to the inner side of the slider 9. A motor 8 is fixedly connected to one of the side plates 7. The end of the main shaft of the motor 8 is fixedly connected to a reciprocating lead screw 11. The other end of the reciprocating lead screw 11 is rotatably connected to the surface of the other side plate 7. The outer side of the reciprocating lead screw 11 is slidably connected to the inner side of the slider 9. The reciprocating movement of the slider 9 at the top end of the container is realized by the rotation of the reciprocating lead screw 11.

[0066] Specifically, a potentiometer 10 is fixedly connected between the two side plates 7. A sliding point 12 is fixedly connected to the top end of the slider 9. The sliding point 12 slides on the lower surface of the potentiometer 10. The position of the slider 9 in the front-rear direction is obtained by obtaining the position of the sliding point 12 on the potentiometer 10.

[0067] Specifically, when the reflective sheet 14 is directly below the laser emitter 91 and the laser receiver 92, the downward projection m of the sliding point 12 is on the intersection line of the waterline of the float 20 and the middle plane of the float 20 in the front-rear direction.

[0068] In the above setting, when the motor 8 rotates, the reciprocating lead screw 11 rotates, and the slider 9 can realize reciprocating movement back and forth. During the movement, the accurate position of the sliding point 12 is obtained through the potentiometer 10. The position of the intersection line of the waterline of the float 20 and the middle plane of the float 20 in the front-rear direction can be determined through the position of the sliding point 12. This intersection line position is the accurate front-rear position n of the float 20; thus, the accurate measurement of the liquid level in the container is realized;

[0069] Specifically, after the float 20 is adjusted by counterweight, the draft in the container is 0.3 cm - 1 cm.

[0070] The draft of the float 20 cannot be too shallow, as being too shallow will affect the kinetic energy when the water level changes and increase the hysteresis;

[0071] Specifically, a cylinder body 16 is also provided at the container where the reference point 1 is located. A piston 18 is slidably connected inside the cylinder body 16. Water replenishment is realized by the movement of the piston 18 towards the cylinder body 16. When not in detection, the reciprocating movement of the piston 18 causes the water levels in multiple containers to fluctuate to prevent the liquid in the containers from freezing. An electric push rod 17 is fixedly connected to the tail end of the cylinder body 16. The movable end of the electric push rod 17 is fixedly connected to the surface of the piston 18.

[0072] In the above setting, the present invention also provides a cylinder body 16 at the container where the reference point 1 is located. A piston 18 is slidably connected inside the cylinder body 16, which has two functions. One is the water replenishment function to prevent the water level in the communicating vessel from being too low. The other is that when the weather is cold, the reciprocating movement of the piston 18 causes the water levels in multiple containers to fluctuate to prevent the liquid in the containers from freezing, and it can be used in static monitoring.

[0073] In order to further reduce the resistance of the float 20 sliding outside the limit rod 15, mutually exclusive magnet sheets 19 can be evenly arranged between the outside of the limit rod 15 and the outside of the float 20 to reduce the sliding friction.

[0074] In this embodiment, the motor 8 can be set to work at fixed intervals, such as detecting once a day, to achieve static monitoring;

[0075] Embodiment 2, this embodiment is an alternative to Embodiment 1, please refer to Figures 1-10 , the same parts will not be described in detail, the differences are as follows:

[0076] In this embodiment, the motor 8 can be set to work continuously, so that the slider 9 is in a reciprocating motion state to achieve dynamic detection, and the deflection value when the bridge passes a heavy vehicle can be effectively obtained.

[0077] The present invention also discloses a method for monitoring the structural deflection during the bridge construction process, and its steps are as follows:

[0078] Step 1: Installation, install a reference point 1 on one side of the pier 5 and install measuring points 2 distributed at multiple points on the bridge 4;

[0079] Step 2: Obtain the liquid level heights of the measuring point 2 and the reference point 1 through the liquid level detection component. The liquid level detection component obtains the liquid level height in the container by detecting the position distance n of the float 20 in the front-rear direction. At this time, the height of the water level L in the container is ntana. Subtract the liquid level height of the reference point 1 from the liquid level height of the measuring point 2 to obtain the deflection value of the measuring point 2 to achieve monitoring.

[0080] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle, comprising a plurality of upward-opening containers installed on a bridge (4), with adjacent containers being connected through a communicating hose (6) at the bottom to form a communicating vessel. The containers include a reference point (1) provided on one side of a pier (5) and measuring points (2) distributed at multiple points on the bridge (4), and are characterized in that: A liquid level detection component is provided on the container: A limiting rod (15) is fixedly connected inside the container. A float (20) is slidably connected to the outside of the limiting rod (15). When the float (20) rises and falls with the water level L, it will move along the limiting rod (15) and generate a forward and backward movement amount. By detecting the position distance n of the float (20) in the front and back directions, the liquid level in the container is obtained to realize deflection monitoring. At this time, the height of the water level L in the container is ntana, and there is an included angle a between the limiting rod (15) and the bottom end of the container.

2. The bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The container is perpendicular to the ground, and the range of the included angle a is 80° - 90°.

3. The bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The slider (9) can reciprocally slide on the top of the container. A laser emitter (91) and a laser receiver (92) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the bottom end of the slider (9). The laser emitter (91) and the laser receiver (92) are distributed left and right. A reflective sheet (14) is embedded in the top surface of the float (20). When the reflective sheet (14) is directly below the laser emitter (91) and the laser receiver (92), the laser receiver (92) can receive the laser emitted by the laser emitter (91). By obtaining the position of the slider (9) in the front and back directions, the position distance n of the float (20) in the front and back directions is obtained.

4. The bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the laser emitted by the laser emitter (91) is 0.01mm - 0.05mm, and the diameter of the laser emitted by the laser emitter (91) is equal to the receiving diameter of the laser receiver (92).

5. The bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle according to claim 4, characterized in that: Side plates (7) are fixedly connected to the front and back sides of the top of the container. A slide bar (13) for limiting is fixedly connected between the two side plates (7). The outside of the slide bar (13) is slidably connected to the inner side of the slider (9). A motor (8) is fixedly connected to one of the side plates (7). The end of the main shaft of the motor (8) is fixedly connected to a reciprocating lead screw (11). The other end of the reciprocating lead screw (11) is rotatably connected to the surface of the other side plate (7). The outside of the reciprocating lead screw (11) is slidably connected to the inner side of the slider (9). The reciprocating movement of the slider (9) on the top of the container is realized by the rotation of the reciprocating lead screw (11).

6. The bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle according to claim 5, characterized in that: A potentiometer (10) is fixedly connected between the two side plates (7). A sliding point (12) is fixedly connected to the top of the slider (9). The sliding point (12) slides on the lower surface of the potentiometer (10). The position of the slider (9) in the front and back directions is obtained by obtaining the position of the sliding point (12) on the potentiometer (10).

7. The bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the reflective sheet (14) is directly below the laser emitter (91) and the laser receiver (92), the downward projection m of the sliding point (12) is on the intersection line of the water plane of the float (20) and the middle plane of the float (20) in the front and back directions.

8. The bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the float (20) is adjusted by counterweight, the draft in the container is 0.3cm - 1cm.

9. The bridge structure deflection monitoring system based on the communicating vessel principle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A cylinder body (16) is also provided at the container where the reference point (1) is located. A piston (18) is slidably connected to the inner side of the cylinder body (16). Water replenishment is achieved by the movement of the piston (18) towards the cylinder body (16). When not in detection, the reciprocating movement of the piston (18) causes the water levels in multiple containers to fluctuate to prevent the liquid in the containers from freezing. An electric push rod (17) is fixedly connected to the tail end of the cylinder body (16), and the movable end of the electric push rod (17) is fixedly connected to the surface of the piston (18).

10. A method for monitoring the structural deflection during bridge construction, using the monitoring system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Step 1: Installation. Install the reference point (1) on one side of the bridge pier (5), and install the measuring points (2) with multi-point distribution on the bridge (4). Step 2: Obtain the liquid level heights of the measuring point (2) and the reference point (1) through the liquid level detection component. The liquid level detection component obtains the liquid level height in the container by detecting the position distance n of the float (20) in the front-back direction. At this time, the height of the water level L in the container is ntana. Subtract the liquid level height of the reference point (1) from the liquid level height of the measuring point (2) to obtain the deflection value of the measuring point (2) to achieve monitoring.

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