Low-speed heavy-load pin shaft friction wear test bench and test method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of frictional wear test equipment, in particular to a low-speed heavy-load pin shaft frictional wear test bed and a test method thereof. Comprising a workbench, an independent platform is arranged on the workbench, a driving module, a loading module and a testing module are jointly arranged on the workbench and the independent platform, and a measurement and control module is jointly arranged on the driving module, the loading module and the testing module; the technical defects of driving asynchronism, insufficient loading precision and poor structure adaptability are overcome; the test precision and the data repeatability are greatly improved; each module adopts standardized installation, precise leveling and modular design, so that the whole structure is compact and stable, the maintenance and upgrading are convenient, and the high efficiency and stability of the test bed in long-term operation are ensured; the test precision and reliability of the test bench on the friction and wear performance of the pin shaft under the low-speed and heavy-load working condition are remarkably improved, and an efficient, comprehensive and reliable technical platform is provided for research on wear resistance and safety of key components in the aerospace field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of friction and wear test equipment, and particularly to a low-speed heavy-load pin friction and wear test bench and a test method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of China's aerospace field, the requirements for the reliability and durability of aircraft mechanical systems are continuously increasing; there are a large number of hinge motion mechanisms in aircraft that use pin connections, such as the flap and slat mechanism, the landing gear mechanism, and the cabin door retraction and deployment mechanism, etc.; these mechanisms need to bear complex load conditions during operation, especially under low-speed heavy-load conditions, wear and fatigue are likely to occur between the pin and the bushing; in order to study the friction and wear characteristics of mechanical components under different working conditions, friction and wear test equipment has been widely used at home and abroad for simulation testing.

[0003] Currently, common friction and wear test equipment mainly includes reciprocating friction test machines, pin-on-disc friction test machines, and pin swing test benches, etc.; the reciprocating friction test machine drives the specimen to slide reciprocally along a straight line by a motor, and at the same time applies a load to simulate the friction and wear process, but this test machine is only suitable for plane contact friction and cannot simulate the swinging behavior of the pin; the pin-on-disc friction test machine drives the pin to slide and contact on the disc surface by a rotating disc, which is suitable for high-speed friction and wear testing, but it also cannot reproduce the swinging characteristics of the pin under low-speed heavy-load conditions; for the special wear behavior of pin-type parts, some test equipment adopts a swinging structure, and drives the pin to swing around the central axis by a motor or a hydraulic cylinder, and applies a load in the radial direction; however, the existing pin swing test equipment still has deficiencies. A high-temperature high-speed friction and wear test bench is disclosed in Chinese Patent CN115436208A, which uses a high-speed motorized spindle to drive the pin to swing unidirectionally, but because the power is only input from one side, it is easy to cause asynchronous swinging at both ends of the pin, affecting the test accuracy; in addition, an electric cylinder loading type test bench is also disclosed in Chinese Patent CN118376405A, which uses an electric cylinder for loading, but its control is open-loop, and the load fluctuation exceeds 5%, which cannot meet the requirements of the aerospace field for precise loading; there are also limitations in data acquisition for existing equipment. Some equipment only monitors the friction force and temperature rise, lacking vibration signal monitoring, making it difficult to comprehensively evaluate the wear characteristics of the pin under low-speed heavy-load conditions; in addition, traditional fixtures adopt a fixed structure, and when replacing pins with different diameters, it is necessary to manually adjust the position of the earpiece and calibrate, which is time-consuming and prone to introducing human errors.

[0004] In summary, the existing friction and wear test equipment has deficiencies in driving synchronization, loading accuracy, data acquisition integrity, and specimen adaptability, and it is difficult to truly reproduce the wear behavior of pins in the aerospace field under low-speed heavy-load working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the above problems, thereby providing a low-speed heavy-duty pin friction and wear test bench and its test method, which solve the technical defects of asynchronous driving, insufficient loading accuracy, and poor structural adaptability, and significantly improve the test accuracy and reliability of the test bench for the friction and wear performance of pins under low-speed heavy-duty conditions.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is as follows:

[0007] A low-speed heavy-duty pin friction and wear test bench includes a workbench, an independent platform is provided on the workbench, a driving module, a loading module, and a testing module are jointly provided on the workbench and the independent platform, and a measurement and control module is jointly provided on the driving module, the loading module, and the testing module; the driving module includes a motor bracket provided on the independent platform, a servo motor is equipped on the motor bracket, an elastic coupling is connected to the servo motor, a reducer is connected to the elastic coupling, two first-stage gears spaced apart and jointly installed on the motor bracket are connected to the reducer, a second-stage gear is meshed and connected to each of the two first-stage gears, a pin is jointly connected to the two second-stage gears, and a spline sleeve coupling connected to the second-stage gear is configured at one end of the pin close to the servo motor; the loading module includes a double-acting hydraulic cylinder provided on the independent platform, a piston rod is provided on the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and a clamping assembly in contact with the pin is connected to the end of the piston rod; the testing module includes a first ear seat and a second ear seat provided on the independent platform, the first ear seat and the second ear seat are located between the two second-stage gears and are connected to the pin, the first ear seat and the second ear seat are located on both sides of the clamping member, and a cushion ring connected to the pin is provided on each of the first ear seat and the second ear seat; the measurement and control module includes a pressure sensor integrated in the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, a temperature sensor embedded in the surface of the first ear seat, a vibration sensor fixed on the outer side of the retaining seat, and a control box provided on the workbench, and the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, and the vibration sensor are all connected to the control box.

[0008] Preferably, the testing module further includes a front axle, the front axle is provided outside the pin away from the servo motor, a single-row tapered roller bearing is connected to the front axle, and a retaining seat is provided on the independent platform, and the single-row tapered roller bearing is installed in the retaining seat.

[0009] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes a rod flange connected to the end of the piston rod, a fixture is connected to the rod flange, a shaft clamping member and a clamping member are provided in the fixture, the clamping member is in contact with the pin and is provided with a locking bolt.

[0010] Preferably, a loading end in contact with the pin is provided on the clamping member, and the loading end is semi-circular and adapted to the pin.

[0011] Preferably, a V-shaped groove is provided inside the shaft clamping member, and the shaft clamping member is connected to the clamping member through the V-shaped groove.

[0012] Preferably, the loading module further includes a hydraulic station and an electro-hydraulic servo valve. The electro-hydraulic servo valve is connected to the hydraulic station. The hydraulic station is fixed on the workbench, and the hydraulic station is connected to the double-acting hydraulic cylinder through the electro-hydraulic servo valve and the oil pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the control box includes a data acquisition system and a wireless transmission unit. The pressure sensor, temperature sensor and vibration sensor are all connected to the data acquisition system. The data collected by the pressure sensor, temperature sensor and vibration sensor are recorded in real time by the data acquisition system and transmitted to the host computer through the wireless transmission unit.

[0014] Preferably, the independent platform includes a connecting bottom plate detachably connected to the workbench. On one side of the connecting bottom plate, a mounting plate is vertically fixed. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder is vertically arranged on the mounting plate. The piston rod passes through the mounting plate and extends to the other side. On the side of the connecting bottom plate far from the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, a driving module mounting position and a testing module mounting position are sequentially arranged.

[0015] Preferably, the motor bracket includes a bottom plate detachably connected to the independent platform. The bottom plate is mounted on the driving module mounting position. On the bottom plate, a left vertical plate body, a middle vertical plate body and a right vertical plate body are vertically fixed. The left vertical plate body, the middle vertical plate body and the right vertical plate body are spaced apart from each other. The servo motor is vertically arranged on the outer side surface of the right vertical plate body. The elastic coupling and the reducer are located between the middle vertical plate body and the right vertical plate body. Two first-stage gears are located between the left vertical plate body and the middle vertical plate body.

[0016] A test method for a low-speed heavy-duty pin friction and wear test bench includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Specimen installation and calibration:

[0018] Insert the pin to be tested into the spline sleeve coupling of the driving module. Fix the clamping piece and the shaft clamping piece, and tighten the locknut to the clamping accuracy to ensure that the axis of the pin is aligned with the center of the second-stage gear. Among them, both the first ear seat and the second ear seat are fixed on the independent platform through preset holes. The distance between the first ear seat and the second ear seat is adapted to the length of the pin.

[0019] S2. Test parameter setting and start:

[0020] Set the pin swing speed through the servo motor; set the target radial load in the measurement and control module and select the alternating load mode; start the hydraulic station and the electro-hydraulic servo valve, and perform closed-loop control on the loading process; synchronously turn on the pressure sensor, temperature sensor and vibration sensor, and set the vibration sampling frequency and temperature overrun threshold.

[0021] S3. Test operation and real-time monitoring:

[0022] After the drive module starts, the pin shaft swings at a constant speed, and the meshing state of the first-stage gear and the second-stage gear is monitored in real time by a vibration sensor to ensure no abnormal noise or eccentric load; the loading module applies a set load, and the pressure sensor feeds back data fluctuations; the measurement and control module uploads the load, temperature, and vibration data to the host computer in real time through a wireless transmission unit, generates a comprehensive curve, and triggers over-limit protection;

[0023] S4. Test termination and data analysis:

[0024] When the preset test cycle is reached or a sudden change in the friction coefficient is detected, the load is gradually unloaded to zero, the hydraulic station and the servo motor are shut down; the pin shaft and the clamping parts are disassembled, and the wear amount is measured; combined with the spectral analysis of the vibration signal, the laws of fretting wear and crack propagation are correlated; the data acquisition system fits a wear trend prediction model through a multiple linear regression algorithm and automatically generates a test report.

[0025] The present invention adopting the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, its prominent features are:

[0026] The present invention adopts a combined design of a two-stage gear transmission structure and a spline sleeve coupling, effectively eliminating the eccentric load phenomenon caused by single-sided drive, thereby realizing the synchronous swing of both ends of the pin shaft, and controlling the swing angle error within ±0.1°, greatly improving the test accuracy and data repeatability; the loading module adopts a double-acting hydraulic cylinder and closed-loop control technology, and controls the loading dynamic error within 1% through an electro-hydraulic servo valve, and can accurately simulate the alternating load working condition, meeting the strict requirements of aerospace for precision loading; the measurement and control module integrates three sensors of pressure, temperature and vibration, and cooperates with an efficient data acquisition system and a wireless transmission unit to realize the real-time monitoring and comprehensive analysis of key parameters during the test, such as the loading force, the temperature rise of the friction interface and the vibration characteristics, thereby generating a comprehensive curve of load, temperature and vibration and a wear trend prediction model, providing reliable data support for the accurate analysis of subsequent test data and the optimization of material properties; in addition, each module adopts standardized installation, precision leveling and modular design, not only making the overall structure compact and stable, but also facilitating maintenance and upgrade, ensuring the high-efficiency stability of the test bench during long-term operation; solving the technical defects of asynchronous drive, insufficient loading accuracy and poor structural adaptability; generally speaking, the present invention significantly improves the test accuracy and reliability of the friction and wear performance of the pin shaft under low-speed heavy-load working conditions by optimizing the drive, loading, testing and measurement and control systems, and provides an efficient, comprehensive and reliable technical platform for the research on the wear resistance and safety of key components in the aerospace field. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the sectional structure of the test module in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the driving, loading, and testing modules in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the loading module in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the driving module in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] In the figure: 1. Servo motor; 2. Elastic coupling; 3. Reducer; 4. First-stage gear; 5. Second-stage gear; 6. Pin shaft; 7. Double-acting hydraulic cylinder; 8. Independent platform; 9. Piston rod; 10. Rod flange; 11. Fixture; 12. Shaft clamping piece; 13. Clamping piece; 14. Locking bolt; 15. First ear seat; 16. Second ear seat; 17. Spacer ring; 18. Single-row tapered roller bearing; 19. Retaining seat; 20. Pressure sensor; 21. Temperature sensor; 22. Vibration sensor; 23. Data acquisition system; 24. Spline sleeve coupling; 25. Motor bracket; 26. Workbench; 27. Front axle; 28. Hydraulic station; 29. Electro-hydraulic servo valve; 30. Wireless transmission unit; 31. Control box. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] Through the following description of the embodiments, it will be more helpful for the public to understand the present invention. However, the specific embodiments given by the applicant should not be regarded as a limitation to the technical solution of the present invention. Any change in the definition of components or technical features and / or any formal but not substantial transformation of the overall structure should be regarded as the protection scope defined by the technical solution of the present invention.

[0034] See Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0035] A low-speed heavy-duty pin friction and wear test bench, comprising a workbench 26, an independent platform 8 is provided on the workbench 26, a driving module, a loading module and a testing module are jointly provided on the workbench 26 and the independent platform 8, and a measurement and control module is jointly provided on the driving module, the loading module and the testing module; the driving module is composed of a servo motor 1, an elastic coupling 2, a reducer 3, a first-stage gear 4, a second-stage gear 5, a spline sleeve coupling 24, a pin 6 and a motor bracket 25; specifically, the servo motor 1 is fixed on the motor bracket 25, the motor bracket 25 is firmly installed on the independent platform 8, and the independent platform 8 is fixed on the workbench 26; the servo motor 1 is controlled by an AC frequency converter to achieve adjustable speed and ensure stable output under low-speed working conditions; the output shaft of the servo motor 1 is connected to the input end of the reducer 3 through the elastic coupling 2, and the elastic coupling 2 has good buffering performance and can absorb the impact generated by speed fluctuation; after the reducer 3 reduces the high speed to meet the test requirements, its output shaft drives two first-stage gears 4; the two first-stage gears 4 are meshed with two symmetrically arranged second-stage gears 5; among them, the second-stage gear 5 close to the servo motor 1 is connected to the pin 6 through the spline sleeve coupling 24, the length of the spline groove is designed to be 50 mm, allowing the pin 6 to have a fine adjustment margin of ±25 mm in the axial direction; thus, the pin 6 can swing synchronously at a stable speed of 60° / s, and the swing angle error is controlled within ±0.1°, effectively eliminating the phenomenon of unilateral drive and offload, and ensuring synchronous movement at both ends; among them, the independent platform 8 includes a connection bottom plate detachably connected to the workbench 26, a mounting plate is vertically fixed on one side of the connection bottom plate, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7 is vertically arranged on the mounting plate, and the piston rod 9 passes through the mounting plate and extends to the other side close to the driving module and the loading module, and a driving module mounting position and a testing module mounting position are sequentially arranged on the side of the connection bottom plate far from the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7; the motor bracket 25 includes a bottom plate detachably connected to the independent platform 8, the bottom plate is installed on the driving module mounting position, a left vertical plate body, a middle vertical plate body and a right vertical plate body are vertically fixed on the bottom plate, the left vertical plate body, the middle vertical plate body and the right vertical plate body are spaced from each other, the servo motor 1 is vertically arranged on the outer side of the right vertical plate body, the elastic coupling 2 and the reducer 3 are located between the middle vertical plate body and the right vertical plate body, and the two first-stage gears 4 are located between the left vertical plate body and the middle vertical plate body.

[0036] The loading module mainly consists of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7, an independent platform 8, a piston rod 9, a rod flange 10, a fixture 11, a shaft clamp 12, a clamp 13 and a locknut 14. At the same time, a hydraulic station 28 and an electro-hydraulic servo valve 29 form a closed-loop control system. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixedly installed on the independent platform 8, and the independent platform 8 is firmly installed on the workbench 26. The piston rod 9 of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7 has a stroke of 200 mm and a maximum thrust of 30 kN. The end of the piston rod 9 is connected to the fixture 11 through the rod flange 10. The fixture 11 is internally provided with a shaft clamp 12 and a clamp 13. Among them, the shaft clamp 12 is provided with a V-shaped groove, so that the shaft clamp 12 is connected to the clamp 13 through the V-shaped groove. The clamp 13 is fastened by the locknut 14, so that the clamping accuracy repeatability is controlled within ≤0.02 mm. There is a loading end in contact with the pin shaft 6 on the clamp 13. The loading end is semi-circular and adapted to the pin shaft 6. The clamp 13 is designed specifically to adapt to the pin shaft 6 with a diameter in the range of 10-50 mm to ensure that the pin shaft 6 is fixed firmly. The hydraulic station 28 is fixed on the workbench 26, connected to the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7 through a pipeline, and equipped with an electro-hydraulic servo valve 29 to achieve closed-loop control, ensure that the loading dynamic error ≤1%, and at the same time support the simulation of alternating loads in the frequency range of 0.1-5 Hz to meet the needs of aviation precision testing.

[0037] The test module is used to realize the friction contact and wear simulation between the specimen and the pin shaft 6. First ear seats 15 and second ear seats 16 are respectively fixed at both ends of the pin shaft 6. Both the first ear seat 15 and the second ear seat 16 are directly installed on the preset hole positions of the test module installation position of the independent platform 8. The hole positions are designed according to the standard pin shaft 6 length (100-500 mm), and the adjustment error of the hole position spacing does not exceed 0.5 mm. The spacer rings 17 installed on the first ear seat 15 and the second ear seat 16 are used to balance the contact pressure and reduce local wear. On the outside of the second ear seat 16, it is connected to a single-row tapered roller bearing 18 through a front shaft 27. The single-row tapered roller bearing 18 is fixed in a retaining seat 19 to limit the small axial displacement that may be generated by gear transmission and ensure stable friction contact. In this way, the specimen is connected to the surface of the pin shaft 6 through the fixture 11 to ensure a uniform and stable contact state during the friction test.

[0038] The measurement and control module is composed of a pressure sensor 20, a temperature sensor 21, a vibration sensor 22, a data acquisition system 23 and a wireless transmission unit 30, and is used to monitor the key parameters in the test process in real time; the pressure sensor 20 is integrated into the oil circuit of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7 to collect the pressure data during the loading process in real time to ensure stable loading; the temperature sensor 21 uses a thermocouple and is embedded in the surface of the first ear seat 15, with a temperature measurement range of -30°C to 200°C and an accuracy of ±1°C, and is used to monitor the temperature rise in the friction contact area; the vibration sensor 22 is a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, fixed on the side of the retaining seat 19, with a measuring range of 0 to 50g and a sampling frequency of 1kHz. When the vibration signal exceeds the preset safety threshold, it can automatically trigger the shutdown protection; the control box 31 is arranged on the workbench 26, and the control box 31 contains the data acquisition system 23 and the wireless transmission unit 30. The data of the pressure sensor 20, the temperature sensor 21 and the vibration sensor 22 are recorded by the data acquisition system 23 in real time and transmitted to the upper computer through the wireless transmission unit 30. The system can generate comprehensive curves of load, temperature and vibration in real time and establish a wear trend prediction model to provide accurate data support for subsequent analysis.

[0039] In this embodiment, the workbench 26 is the basic structure of the entire test equipment and is made of high-strength materials, which not only provides sufficient rigidity but also ensures the anti-vibration performance of the entire equipment; the motor bracket 25 and the independent platform 8 together constitute the installation base of the drive module and the loading module; the hydraulic station 28 and the electro-hydraulic servo valve 29 constitute a high-precision hydraulic system to provide stable power for the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7; the spline sleeve coupling 24 connects the second-stage gear 5 and the pin shaft 6, and the length of its spline groove is 50mm, allowing the pin shaft 6 to have a fine adjustment margin of ±25mm in the axial direction to meet the adjustment requirements during assembly; the combined structure of the front shaft 27, the single-row tapered roller bearing 18 and the retaining seat 19 effectively limits the possible small axial displacement during the transmission process; the wireless transmission unit 30 ensures stable and real-time data transmission between the data acquisition system 23 and the upper computer, ensuring that the test process data is not lost.

[0040] A test method for a low-speed heavy-duty pin friction and wear test bench includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Specimen installation and calibration:

[0042] Insert the pin shaft 6 to be tested into the spline sleeve coupling 24 of the drive module. Fix the clamping piece 13 to the shaft clamping piece 12 and tighten the lock bolt 14 to a clamping accuracy of ≤0.02 mm to ensure that the axis of the pin shaft 6 is aligned with the center of the second-stage gear 5 with an error of ≤0.05 mm. Both the first ear seat 15 and the second ear seat 16 are fixed to the independent platform 8 through preset holes. The distance between the first ear seat 15 and the second ear seat 16 is selected according to the length of the pin shaft 6 with an error of ≤0.5 mm. Among them, the length of the pin shaft 6 is preferably 100 - 500 mm.

[0043] S2. Test parameter setting and start-up:

[0044] Set the swing speed of the pin shaft 6 to 60° / s through the servo motor 1 with an error of ≤±0.1°. Set the target radial load in the measurement and control module with a dynamic error of ≤1%, and select the alternating load mode, where the frequency is preferably 0.1 - 5 Hz. Start the hydraulic station 28 and the electro-hydraulic servo valve 29, and perform closed-loop control on the loading process. Synchronously turn on the pressure sensor 20, the temperature sensor 21, and the vibration sensor 22, and set the vibration sampling frequency to 1 kHz and the temperature overrun threshold to 150°C.

[0045] S3. Test operation and real-time monitoring:

[0046] After the drive module is started, the pin shaft 6 swings uniformly at 60° / s. The meshing state of the first-stage gear 4 and the second-stage gear 5 is monitored in real time through the vibration sensor 22 to ensure no abnormal noise or off-load. The loading module applies the set load, and the pressure sensor 20 feeds back that the data fluctuation is ≤1%. The measurement and control module uploads the load, temperature, and vibration data to the upper computer in real time through the wireless transmission unit 30, generates a comprehensive curve, and triggers overrun protection.

[0047] S4. Test termination and data analysis:

[0048] When the preset test cycle is reached or a sudden change in the friction coefficient is detected, gradually unload to zero load, and turn off the hydraulic station 28 and the servo motor 1. Disassemble the pin shaft 6 and the clamping piece 13, and measure the wear amount. Combine the vibration signal spectrum analysis to correlate the fretting wear and crack propagation laws. The data acquisition system 23 fits the wear trend prediction model through the multiple linear regression algorithm and automatically generates a test report.

[0049] The present invention adopts a combined design of a two-stage gear transmission structure and a spline sleeve coupling 24, effectively eliminating the eccentric load phenomenon caused by single-sided drive, thereby realizing the synchronous swing at both ends of the pin shaft 6, with the swing angle error controlled within ±0.1°, greatly improving the test accuracy and data repeatability; the loading module adopts a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7 and closed-loop control technology, and controls the loading dynamic error within 1% through an electro-hydraulic servo valve 29, and can accurately simulate the alternating load working condition, meeting the strict requirements of aerospace for precise loading; the measurement and control module integrates three sensors of pressure, temperature and vibration, and cooperates with an efficient data acquisition system 23 and a wireless transmission unit 30 to realize the real-time monitoring and comprehensive analysis of key parameters during the test, such as the loading force, the temperature rise of the friction interface and the vibration characteristics, thereby generating a comprehensive curve of load, temperature and vibration and a wear trend prediction model, providing reliable data support for the accurate analysis of subsequent test data and the optimization of material properties; in addition, each module adopts standardized installation, precise leveling and modular design, which not only makes the overall structure compact and stable, but also facilitates maintenance and upgrade, ensuring the high-efficiency stability of the test bench during long-term operation; it solves the technical defects of asynchronous drive, insufficient loading accuracy and poor structural adaptability; generally speaking, the present invention significantly improves the test accuracy and reliability of the friction and wear performance of the pin shaft 6 under low-speed heavy-load working conditions by optimizing the drive, loading, testing and measurement and control systems, providing an efficient, comprehensive and reliable technical platform for the research on the wear resistance and safety of key components in the aerospace field.

[0050] The above are only the preferred and feasible embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the rights of the present invention. Any equivalent changes made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention are included in the scope of the rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-speed heavy-duty pin friction and wear test bench, characterized in that: It includes a workbench, on which there is an independent platform. A driving module, a loading module and a testing module are jointly arranged on the workbench and the independent platform, and a measurement and control module is jointly arranged on the driving module, the loading module and the testing module; The driving module includes a motor bracket arranged on the independent platform, a servo motor is equipped on the motor bracket, an elastic coupling is connected to the servo motor, a reducer is connected to the elastic coupling, two first-stage gears which are arranged at intervals and jointly installed on the motor bracket are connected to the reducer, a second-stage gear is meshed and connected to each of the two first-stage gears, a pin shaft is jointly connected to the two second-stage gears, and a spline sleeve coupling connected to the second-stage gear is configured at one end of the pin shaft close to the servo motor; The loading module includes a double-acting hydraulic cylinder arranged on the independent platform, a piston rod is arranged on the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and a clamping component which contacts the pin shaft is connected to the end of the piston rod; The testing module includes a first ear seat and a second ear seat arranged on the independent platform. The first ear seat and the second ear seat are located between the two second-stage gears and connected to the pin shaft. The first ear seat and the second ear seat are located on both sides of the clamping piece, and a packing ring connected to the pin shaft is arranged on each of the first ear seat and the second ear seat; The measurement and control module includes a pressure sensor integrated in the double-acting hydraulic cylinder, a temperature sensor embedded on the surface of the first ear seat, a vibration sensor fixed on the outer side of the retaining seat, and a control box arranged on the workbench. The pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the vibration sensor are all connected to the control box.

2. The low-speed heavy-load pin friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The testing module further includes a front axle, the front axle is arranged on the outer side of the pin shaft away from the servo motor, a single-row tapered roller bearing is connected to the front axle, and a retaining seat is arranged on the independent platform, and the single-row tapered roller bearing is installed in the retaining seat.

3. The low-speed heavy-duty pin friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping component includes a rod flange connected to the end of the piston rod, a fixture is connected to the rod flange, a shaft clamping piece and a clamping piece are arranged in the fixture, the clamping piece contacts the pin shaft and is provided with a locking bolt.

4. The low-speed heavy-load pin friction and wear test bench according to claim 3, wherein: A loading end which contacts the pin shaft is arranged on the clamping piece, and the loading end is in a semi-circular arc shape and is adapted to the pin shaft.

5. The low-speed heavy-duty pin friction and wear test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: There is a V-shaped groove inside the shaft clamping piece, and the shaft clamping piece is connected to the clamping piece through the V-shaped groove.

6. The low-speed heavy-load pin friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading module further includes a hydraulic station and an electro-hydraulic servo valve. The electro-hydraulic servo valve is connected to the hydraulic station. The hydraulic station is fixed on the workbench, and the hydraulic station is connected to the double-acting hydraulic cylinder through the electro-hydraulic servo valve and an oil pipe.

7. The low-speed heavy-load pin friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control box includes a data acquisition system and a wireless transmission unit. The pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the vibration sensor are all connected to the data acquisition system. The data collected by the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the vibration sensor are recorded in real time by the data acquisition system and transmitted to a host computer through the wireless transmission unit.

8. The low-speed heavy-load pin friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, wherein: The independent platform includes a connection bottom plate detachably connected to the workbench. A mounting plate is vertically fixed on one side of the connection bottom plate. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder is vertically arranged on the mounting plate. The piston rod passes through the mounting plate and extends to the other side. A driving module mounting position and a testing module mounting position are sequentially arranged on the side of the connection bottom plate away from the double-acting hydraulic cylinder.

9. The low-speed heavy-load pin friction and wear test bench according to claim 8, characterized in that: The motor bracket includes a base plate detachably connected to the independent platform, the base plate is installed on the drive module installation position, and a left vertical plate body, a middle vertical plate body and a right vertical plate body are vertically fixed on the base plate, the left vertical plate body, the middle vertical plate body and the right vertical plate body are spaced apart from each other, the servo motor is vertically arranged on the outer side surface of the right vertical plate body, the elastic coupling and the reducer are located between the middle vertical plate body and the right vertical plate body, and the two first-stage gears are located between the left vertical plate body and the middle vertical plate body.

10. A test method for a low-speed heavy-duty pin friction and wear test bench according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Sample installation and calibration: Insert the pin shaft to be tested into the spline sleeve coupling of the driving module, fix the clamping piece with the shaft clamping piece, and tighten the anti-loosening bolt to the clamping accuracy to ensure that the axis of the pin shaft is aligned with the center of the second-stage gear; wherein the first ear seat and the second ear seat are both fixed on an independent platform through preset holes, and the distance between the first ear seat and the second ear seat is adapted to the length of the pin shaft; S2. Test parameter setting and start-up: Set the swing speed of the pin through the servo motor; set the target radial load in the measurement and control module and select the alternating load mode; start the hydraulic station and electro-hydraulic servo valve to control the loading process in a closed loop; simultaneously start the pressure sensor, temperature sensor and vibration sensor, and set the vibration sampling frequency and temperature over-limit threshold; S3. Test operation and real-time monitoring: After the drive module is started, the pin swings at a constant speed, and the meshing state of the first-stage gear and the second-stage gear is monitored in real time by the vibration sensor to ensure that there is no abnormal noise or eccentric load; the loading module applies the set load, and the pressure sensor feedbacks the data fluctuation; the measurement and control module uploads the load, temperature and vibration data to the host computer in real time through the wireless transmission unit, generates a comprehensive curve and triggers the over-limit protection; S4. Trial termination and data analysis: When the preset test cycle is reached or a sudden change in the friction coefficient is detected, the load is gradually unloaded to zero, and the hydraulic station and servo motor are turned off; the pin shaft and clamping parts are disassembled and the wear amount is measured; the vibration signal spectrum analysis is combined to correlate the micro-motion wear and crack propagation laws; the data acquisition system fits the wear trend prediction model through the multivariate linear regression algorithm and automatically generates a test report.

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