Water toxicity early warning system and method based on daphnia biological behaviors

Abstract

The invention discloses a water toxicity early warning system and method based on biological behaviors of daphnia. The method comprises the following steps: preparing living daphnia and putting the living daphnia into a cleaned daphnia feeding observation cabin for domestication; turning on a power switch to carry out system self-inspection; the water sample pretreatment module is used for extracting and filtering a tested water body; the water bubble removing module is used for removing water bubbles through ultrasonic filtering, heating bubble removing, exhausting and cooling; a nutrient solution is regularly provided for the daphnia through the nutrient solution supply module; daphnia behaviors are observed and recorded by using a daphnia feeding observation module and a daphnia behavior video acquisition module, and a system host control module analyzes behavior data and judges whether a water sample is polluted or not; if the daphnia behavior is abnormal, an early warning signal is sent out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water pollution detection, and particularly relates to a water body toxicity early warning system and method based on the biological behavior of water fleas. Background Art

[0002] Traditional water body monitoring mainly focuses on water quality monitoring, and water environment monitoring mainly relies on chemical indicators. It is difficult to cover all types of toxic compounds. Although it can directly reflect whether the content of water pollutants exceeds the standard, it cannot directly and comprehensively reflect the comprehensive impact of pollutants on the water environment, nor can it indicate whether the water ecosystem is safe and the potential risks existing in the water body.

[0003] Water fleas belong to the phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea, subclass Branchiopoda, order Cladocera of planktonic aquatic animals, which are widely distributed all over the world. Water fleas play an important role in the aquatic food chain and ecological balance. Water fleas are sensitive to harmful substances in the water body. Therefore, their responses to water pollutants are used to evaluate the safety of the water environment.

[0004] Currently, when using indicator organisms for pollutant monitoring, generally the degree of water body pollution is reflected by the number and proportion of pollutant-tolerant species of the organisms. This method is difficult to accurately reflect the current situation of toxic and harmful pollutants. Another method is to add indicator organisms to the collected water samples and judge the comprehensive impact of pollutants on the water environment by observing the behavior of the indicator organisms. Both of these methods are time-consuming and laborious. Moreover, the safety of the water environment requires timeliness. If it involves an artificial canal water conveyance project, the water body safety requires not only timeliness but also multiple points along the water conveyance line. Therefore, there is a need for all-weather multi-point online monitoring for water environment safety. However, there is currently a lack of such a monitoring device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a water body toxicity early warning system and method based on the biological behavior of water fleas to solve the problems existing in the above prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a water body toxicity early warning system based on the biological behavior of water fleas, including:

[0007] A water sample pretreatment module for extracting the original water body and filtering the original water body to obtain a filtered water sample;

[0008] A water body degassing module for heating the filtered water sample to remove the bubbles in the filtered water sample;

[0009] A nutrient solution supply module for supplying nutrient solution to the water fleas in the water flea breeding and observation chamber, wherein the nutrient substance in the nutrient solution is Chlorella;

[0010] Daphnia feeding and observation module, used to simulate the natural growth environment of Daphnia and observe the behavior state of Daphnia;

[0011] Daphnia behavior video acquisition module, used to monitor the Daphnia feeding observation chamber by an infrared camera and transmit the video data to the host system;

[0012] Host control module, used to control the water sample pretreatment module, water body degassing module, nutrient solution supply module, Daphnia feeding and observation module, and Daphnia behavior video acquisition module through the PLC control system, analyze the video data, and issue a water quality toxicity warning according to the analysis results.

[0013] Preferably, the water sample pretreatment module includes:

[0014] Water sample inlet sub-module, used to extract the water body to be tested by a diaphragm pump;

[0015] Water sample coarse filter sub-module, used to filter out large impurities and suspended matters in the water body to be tested with a 10-mesh filter screen;

[0016] Water sample secondary filter sub-module, used to filter out smaller impurities in the water body to be tested with a 50-mesh filter screen.

[0017] Preferably, the water body degassing module includes:

[0018] Ultrasonic bubble filtration sub-module, used to drive the filter screen to vibrate by an ultrasonic device to fuse small bubbles;

[0019] Heating and degassing sub-module, used to heat the pipeline loop by a Peltier;

[0020] Exhaust sub-module, used to exhaust the bubbles in the water body after heating through a pipeline exhaust valve;

[0021] Cooling and temperature reduction sub-module, used to reduce the temperature of the water body after exhausting the bubbles.

[0022] Preferably, the Daphnia feeding and observation module includes:

[0023] White light illumination sub-module, used to simulate the day-night change;

[0024] Daphnia feeding and observation chamber sub-module, used for Daphnia feeding and biological behavior observation; the front panel of this module is made of high-transparency material, and the background panel is made of black matte material.

[0025] Preferably, the Daphnia behavior video acquisition module includes:

[0026] Infrared illumination sub-module, used to provide infrared illumination for the infrared camera to capture the behavior of Daphnia with the least interference to the behavior of Daphnia in the feeding observation chamber through infrared light;

[0027] An infrared camera sub-module for collecting the swimming behavior of daphnia through an infrared camera. Preferably, the system host control module includes:

[0028] An edge computer sub-module for analyzing the behavior of daphnia using an edge computer to obtain behavioral characteristics and making pollution judgments based on the behavioral characteristics;

[0029] A PLC sub-module for controlling each pump, pipeline valve, light source, and temperature control unit of the system;

[0030] A power supply sub-module for converting voltage to supply power to each module;

[0031] A communication sub-module for communicating through pulse analog control and Ethernet communication methods;

[0032] The edge computer sub-module includes:

[0033] A water sample water quality monitoring unit for detecting the pH value, conductivity, turbidity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen of the water quality through a water quality detector, and the detection data is real-time feedback through a display;

[0034] A daphnia behavior monitoring and analysis unit for analyzing the behavior of daphnia through a daphnia behavior toxicity analysis algorithm to determine whether the sample to be tested is contaminated; the daphnia behavior toxicity analysis algorithm adopts an architecture of object detection plus multi-object tracking to obtain accurate position information of daphnia in the front and back frame images for behavior judgment;

[0035] A data storage unit for storing video data of daphnia behavior and water quality detection data;

[0036] A water sample toxicity alarm unit for performing toxicity alarms through an acoustic-optic mode;

[0037] The PLC sub-module includes:

[0038] A water sample injection pump control unit for controlling the injection diaphragm pump;

[0039] A filter backwashing control unit for controlling the backwashing water pump;

[0040] An ultrasonic filter control unit for controlling the opening and closing of the filter ultrasonic wave;

[0041] An air removal system heating and cooling control unit for controlling the Peltier heating and cooling using a single-chip temperature control component, and adjusting by feeding back the actual heating and cooling temperature values through a temperature sensor;

[0042] A peristaltic pump control unit for controlling the start, stop, and flow rate of the peristaltic pump;

[0043] An infrared and white light control unit for controlling infrared light and white light; the infrared light control includes turning on, turning off, and brightness adjustment, and the brightness is adjusted according to the exposure required by the camera for acquisition; the white light control includes turning on and turning off, which is used to simulate day and night alternation.

[0044] A camera control unit for controlling the video acquisition of the observation cabin by the infrared camera.

[0045] Each valve control unit for controlling the pinch valve, electric ball valve, and drain valve of the pipeline.

[0046] An injection pump control unit for controlling the operation of the injection pump and regularly delivering nutrient solution to the daphnia in the feeding and observation cabin.

[0047] The present invention also provides a water toxicity early warning device based on the biological behavior of daphnia, including:

[0048] A chassis shell, on which the nutrient solution supply module is installed on the front panel of the chassis shell and is connected to the pipeline manifold through a hose. The pipeline manifold is connected to the peristaltic pump through a hose, the peristaltic pump is connected to the daphnia feeding and observation cabin through a hose, and the daphnia feeding and observation cabin is connected to the pipeline manifold through a hose.

[0049] The white light illumination sub-module and the infrared light illumination sub-module are installed on one side of the daphnia feeding and observation cabin; the infrared camera is fixed on the bottom plate through a camera bracket and is used to shoot the behavior of the daphnia in the daphnia feeding and observation cabin.

[0050] The pipeline manifold is connected to the cooling and temperature reduction module through a hose, the cooling and temperature reduction module is connected to the exhaust valve through a hose, the exhaust valve is connected to the heating and defoaming module through a hose, and the heating and defoaming module is connected to the ultrasonic filtration module through a hose.

[0051] A host control module for controlling each pump, pipeline valve, light source, and temperature control unit of the device, analyzing the swimming behavior of the daphnia in the daphnia feeding and observation cabin captured, and displaying the analysis result through a function display screen; and being powered through a power switch and a port socket.

[0052] Preferably, the nutrient solution supply module includes:

[0053] A servo motor drives a lead screw, and the lead screw drives a slider; the servo motor and the lead screw are installed on a base, and the base is installed on the main mounting plate; a syringe piston rod connecting plate is connected to the slider, and the syringe barrel is installed on the main mounting plate by a syringe central fixing plate and a syringe end fixing plate; the slider drives the syringe piston rod connecting plate to move for nutrient solution injection or aspiration.

[0054] Preferably, a daphnia injection hole plug is provided at the upper part of the daphnia breeding and observation chamber. Open the daphnia injection hole plug to add daphnia into the daphnia breeding and observation chamber. The back of the daphnia breeding and observation chamber is installed on the front panel of the chassis shell through the observation chamber panel and fixed by panel fixing bolts. A handle is installed on the observation chamber panel for easy maintenance and hand-held use. The observation chamber background board is installed on the observation chamber panel, and the observation chamber intermediate board is installed on the observation chamber background board. There is a room-shaped empty chamber in the middle of the observation chamber intermediate board as the daphnia breeding area. The observation chamber background board is made of black matte material. The observation chamber front panel is installed on the observation chamber intermediate board and fixed by fixing screws. The observation chamber front panel is made of high-transparency material.

[0055] The present invention also provides a method for warning water body toxicity based on the above system, including the following steps:

[0056] Prepare live daphnia and put them into a cleaned daphnia breeding and observation chamber for domestication; turn on the power switch for system self-check; extract and filter the water sample to be tested through the water sample pretreatment module; remove the water bubbles in the water body through the water body degassing module by ultrasonic filtration, temperature rise degassing, exhaust and cooling; regularly provide nutrient solution for daphnia through the nutrient solution supply module; observe and record the behavior of daphnia by using the daphnia breeding and observation module and the daphnia behavior video acquisition module. The system host control module will analyze the behavior data to judge whether the water sample is contaminated; if the behavior of daphnia is abnormal, a warning signal will be issued; after the warning signal is issued, the system will temporarily store the detected water sample at the same time, and then the artificial person will take away the temporarily stored water sample and clean the equipment, and then reset the device for monitoring.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0058] The present invention overcomes the time-consuming and laborious traditional laboratory sampling analysis. It can be directly connected to the water sample to be tested through a pipeline for real-time online monitoring. It can respond at any time according to the pollution degree of the water sample. The traditional methods include field water sampling, stable treatment of water samples in the laboratory, taking indicator organisms for detection, and then detecting the toxicity pollution of samples, which is labor-consuming and lacks timeliness.

[0059] In terms of indicator organisms, it also overcomes the data detection differences caused by the possible sudden stimulation of indicator organisms when taking indicator organisms again during the experiment in traditional detection. The breeding and observation chamber of the present invention is an independent breeding environment, and the selected daphnia are stably bred, and the behavior feedback during online monitoring is not interfered by other factors. Description of the Drawings

[0060] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation to this application. In the drawings:

[0061] Figure 1 System structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 Structural diagram of the water sample pretreatment module of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 Structural diagram of the water body degassing module of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 Three-dimensional external shape diagram of the device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 Three-dimensional internal structure diagram of the device of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 Three-dimensional structure diagram of the nutrient solution supply module of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 Structural diagram of the daphnia feeding and observation module of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 8 Three-dimensional structure diagram of the daphnia feeding and observation cabin sub-module of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 9 Structural diagram of the daphnia behavior video acquisition module of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 10 Structural diagram of the system host control module of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 11 Structural diagram of the edge computer sub-module of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 12 Structural diagram of the PLC sub-module of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 13 Operation principle diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 14 Method flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 15 Daphnia behavior annotation screen of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Among them, 1. Chassis housing; 2. Nutrient solution supply module; 3. Pipeline manifold; 4. Peristaltic pump; 5. Daphnia feeding and observation chamber; 6. Function display screen; 7. Power switch and port socket; 8. White light illumination sub-module; 9. Infrared illumination sub-module; 10. Infrared camera; 11. Camera bracket; 12. Bottom plate; 13. Ultrasonic filtration module; 14. Heating and defoaming module; 15. Exhaust valve; 16. Cooling module; 17. Main mounting plate; 18. Syringe piston rod connecting plate; 19. Syringe central fixing plate; 20. Syringe barrel; 21. Syringe end fixing plate; 22. Servo motor; 23. Lead screw; 24. Traveling block; 25. Base; 26. Daphnia injection hole plug; 27. Observation chamber panel; 28. Handle; 29. Observation chamber background plate; 30. Observation chamber middle plate; 31. Observation chamber front panel; 32. Fixing screw; 33. Panel fixing screw. Detailed implementation manners

[0077] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0078] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here.

[0079] Embodiment 1

[0080] As Figures 1-3 、 Figure 7 and Figures 9-12 shown, in this embodiment, a water body toxicity early warning system based on the biological behavior of Daphnia is provided, including:

[0081] Water sample pretreatment module: This module is an on-line device that directly extracts the original water body. The pretreatment filters the original water body to remove various impurities in the water body;

[0082] Water body defoaming module: Utilizing the principle of bubble thermal effect, the water body is heated to remove bubbles, aiming to reduce the influence of bubbles on the individual behavior of Daphnia;

[0083] Nutrient solution supply module: The nutrient solution is Chlorella, which is mainly used to feed Daphnia in the feeding and observation chamber, so that Daphnia can reach the survival time as required;

[0084] Daphnia feeding and observation module: Mainly used for feeding and observing Daphnia. This module can simulate the natural growth environment of Daphnia to make Daphnia show normal behavior states;

[0085] Daphnia behavior video acquisition module: An infrared camera is used to continuously observe the Daphnia breeding observation chamber, and the video data is transmitted to the host system;

[0086] System host control module: A PLC control system is adopted to control each unit. The edge computing host can monitor the operation status of each module in real time and analyze the feedback data from the detection unit. The host expansion port can be equipped with a 4G function to achieve remote monitoring.

[0087] Furthermore, the water sample pretreatment module includes the following sub-modules:

[0088] Water sample inlet sub-module: A diaphragm pump is used to directly extract and sample the water body to be measured. The suction lift of the diaphragm pump is 4m;

[0089] Water sample coarse filtration sub-module: The inlet filtration uses a 10-mesh filter screen to mainly filter out large impurities and suspended solids in the original water body, etc.;

[0090] Water sample secondary filtration sub-module: The inlet secondary filtration uses a 50-mesh filter screen to mainly filter out smaller impurities in the original water body that can have an adsorption effect on Daphnia.

[0091] Furthermore, the water body degassing module includes the following sub-modules:

[0092] Ultrasonic bubble filtration sub-module: This filtration is mainly used to filter out the fine bubbles generated during the transportation of the water body. During the transportation of the water body, due to the pipeline layout, fine bubbles are likely to be generated at the turning points. After the fine bubbles reach the ultrasonic bubble filtration sub-module with the water body, they will be adsorbed by its 300-mesh filter screen. The ultrasonic device drives the filter screen to vibrate, and under the high-frequency vibration, the fine bubbles will fuse and then flow out with the water and be discharged in the subsequent exhaust device;

[0093] Heating degassing sub-module: The Peltier is used to heat the pipeline loop to 40°C. After heating, the bubbles are lighter in specific gravity and will separate from the water body, facilitating subsequent discharge;

[0094] Exhaust sub-module: Mainly use the pipeline exhaust valve to exhaust. When the water body is heated to 40°C, the bubbles and the water body gradually separate. The exhaust valve is affected by the water body pressure and automatically opens the valve port to exhaust;

[0095] Cooling and temperature reduction sub-module: It is mainly used to reduce the temperature of the heated water body. The most suitable survival water temperature for Daphnia is between 18°C and 24°C. The 40°C water body is more harmful to Daphnia. The cooling and temperature reduction sub-module cools the pipeline loop through the Peltier to 20°C, and then the water body can enter the Daphnia breeding observation chamber.

[0096] Furthermore, the Daphnia breeding observation module includes the following sub-modules:

[0097] White light illumination sub-module: The white light illumination is periodic illumination, and its main function is to simulate the day-night variation and create a natural environment suitable for the growth of Daphnia. The white light illumination uses low-power LED lights;

[0098] Daphnia feeding and observation chamber sub-module: It is mainly used for Daphnia feeding and the observation of biological behaviors. The front panel of this module is made of high-transparency material, and the background panel is made of black matte material. The observation chamber has water inlet at the lower end and water outlet at the upper end. The water inlet hole and the water outlet hole adopt a porous form to make the water flow uniform, and the pore diameter is 0.3 mm. After removing four fixing screws, the front panel can be completely removed, which is convenient for cleaning dead Daphnia and cleaning the observation chamber.

[0099] Furthermore, the Daphnia behavior video acquisition module includes the following sub-modules:

[0100] Infrared illumination sub-module: The infrared light is used to perform infrared illumination on the feeding and observation chamber. The infrared light is non-visible light and will not interfere with the behaviors of Daphnia. The infrared illumination uses low-power LED infrared lights;

[0101] Infrared camera sub-module: The infrared camera is used to acquire the swimming behaviors of Daphnia. When sampling online, the video is acquired in an uninterrupted manner, and the imaging pixels of the infrared camera are 1920×1080.

[0102] Furthermore, the system host control module includes the following sub-modules:

[0103] Edge computer sub-module: A high-configured edge computer is used to analyze the behaviors of Daphnia and give feedback on the behavior characteristics. For example, to test whether the water sample is polluted, and also to confirm about what level the pollution degree is according to the number and mortality rate of Daphnia;

[0104] PLC sub-module: A high-performance PLC control module is used to control each pump, pipeline valve, light source, temperature control unit, etc. of the device.

[0105] Power supply sub-module: It is powered by a bus power supply module. The incoming line total power is the general commercial power of 220v / 50Hz. The power consumption of the module is converted according to the power consumption needs of each module, and the output voltage range is a safe voltage between 12v and 24v;

[0106] Communication sub-module: It adopts pulse analog quantity control and Ethernet communication methods.

[0107] Furthermore, the edge computer sub-module includes the following units:

[0108] Water sample water quality monitoring unit: Through a water quality detector, the pH value, conductivity, turbidity, temperature and dissolved oxygen content of the water quality are detected. The detected data can be real-time fed back through a display;

[0109] Daphnia behavior monitoring and analysis unit: It uses a high-performance edge computer and algorithm programs to analyze the behavior of Daphnia, so as to determine whether the sample to be tested is contaminated. The Daphnia behavior toxicity analysis algorithm adopts an architecture of object detection plus multi-object tracking to obtain the accurate position information of Daphnia in the front and rear frame images;

[0110] Data storage unit: It is mainly used to store the video data of Daphnia behavior and water quality monitoring data;

[0111] Water sample toxicity alarm unit: The toxicity alarm adopts an acoustic and optical mode. The sound alarm device is a high-pitched alarm, and the light uses yellow and red lights for alarm. There is no alarm under normal circumstances. In case of a mild pollution reaction, a yellow light alarm is used and the alarm sounds at the same time. In case of a severe pollution reaction, a red light alarm is used and the alarm sounds at the same time.

[0112] Furthermore, the PLC sub-module includes the following units:

[0113] Water sample injection pump control unit: It mainly controls the injection diaphragm pump. The main controls include opening, closing, increasing flow rate, decreasing flow rate, etc.;

[0114] Filter backwashing control unit: It mainly controls the backwashing water pump. After the filter has been used for a period of time, there will be more impurities remaining on the filter screen. At this time, the washing pump is turned on to extract clean water for reverse flushing. The main controls include opening, closing, increasing flow rate and decreasing flow rate, etc.;

[0115] Ultrasonic filter control unit: It controls the ultrasonic function of the filter. The main controls include opening and closing;

[0116] Degassing system heating and cooling control unit: It uses a single-chip microcomputer temperature control component to control the Peltier heating and cooling, and then adjusts by feeding back the actual heating and cooling temperature values through a temperature sensor to achieve precise control;

[0117] Peristaltic pump control unit: It controls the start, stop and flow rate parameters of the peristaltic pump;

[0118] Infrared and white light control unit: The infrared and white light are controlled separately. The control of the infrared light includes opening, closing and brightness adjustment. The infrared light is the light for video acquisition, and its brightness can be adjusted according to the exposure required for camera acquisition. The white light is visible light, which is used to simulate day and night alternation and create a natural environment for Daphnia. Its control is mainly opening and closing;

[0119] Camera control unit: It controls the video acquisition of the observation cabin by the infrared camera;

[0120] Each valve control unit: It mainly controls the pinch valves, electric ball valves and drain valves of the pipeline;

[0121] Injection pump control unit: Controls the operation of the injection pump so that it can regularly supply nutrient solution to the daphnia in the feeding and observation chamber according to the settings.

[0122] As Figures 4-6 and Figure 8 shown, this embodiment also provides a water toxicity warning device based on the biological behavior of daphnia, including:

[0123] A complete chassis shell 1. For easy maintenance and operation, the nutrient solution supply module 2 is installed on the front panel of the chassis shell 1 and is connected to the pipeline manifold 3 through a hose. The pipeline manifold 3 is connected to the peristaltic pump 4 through a hose. The peristaltic pump 4 is connected to the daphnia feeding and observation chamber 5 through a hose. The daphnia feeding and observation chamber 5 is connected to the pipeline manifold 3 through a hose.

[0124] The white light illumination sub-module 8 and the infrared illumination sub-module 9 are installed on one side of the daphnia feeding and observation chamber 5; the infrared camera 10 is fixed to the bottom plate 12 through the camera bracket 11 for photographing the daphnia feeding and observation chamber 5.

[0125] The pipeline manifold 3 is connected to the cooling module 16 through a hose. The cooling module 16 is connected to the exhaust valve 15 through a hose. The exhaust valve 15 is connected to the heating and defoaming module 14 through a hose. The heating and defoaming module 14 is connected to the ultrasonic filtration module 13 through a hose.

[0126] The host control module controls each pump, pipeline valve, light source and temperature control unit of the device, analyzes the swimming behavior of the daphnia in the daphnia feeding and observation chamber captured, and displays the analysis results through the function display screen 6; it is powered through the power switch and port socket 7.

[0127] Furthermore, the nutrient solution supply module is driven by a servo motor 22 to drive a lead screw 23. The lead screw 23 drives a slider 24. The servo motor 22 and the lead screw 23 are installed on a base 25. The base 25 is installed on the main mounting plate 17. The syringe piston rod connecting plate 18 is connected to the slider 24. The syringe barrel 20 is installed on the main mounting plate 17 by the syringe central fixing plate 19 and the syringe end fixing plate 21. The movement of the slider 24 drives the movement of the syringe piston rod connecting plate 18, and the nutrient solution supply module 2 can inject or suck the nutrient solution.

[0128] Further, the daphnia feeding and observation module is composed of a white light illumination sub-module and a daphnia feeding and observation chamber sub-module. There is a daphnia injection hole plug (26) at the upper part of the daphnia feeding and observation chamber sub-module (5). By opening the daphnia injection hole plug (26), daphnia can be added into the daphnia feeding and observation chamber. The back of the daphnia feeding and observation sub-module (5) is installed on the front of the chassis shell (1) of the present invention by an observation chamber panel (27) and fixed by panel fixing bolts (33). A handle (28) is installed on the observation chamber panel (27) for convenient taking. An observation chamber background board (29) is installed on the observation chamber panel (27), and an observation chamber intermediate board (30) is installed on the observation chamber background board (29). There is a room-shaped empty chamber in the middle of the observation chamber intermediate board (30), which is the daphnia feeding area. The observation chamber background board (29) is made of black matte material and does not reflect light when irradiated, facilitating the observation of daphnia. The observation chamber front panel (31) is installed on the observation chamber intermediate board and fixed by fixing screws (32). The observation chamber front panel (31) is made of high-transparency material. When the daphnia feeding and observation chamber needs to be cleaned, the fixing screws (32) are unscrewed, and the observation chamber front panel (31) can be disassembled for flushing.

[0129] Further, the daphnia behavior video acquisition module is composed of an infrared illumination sub-module and an infrared camera sub-module.

[0130] Further, the host control module is composed of an edge computer sub-module, a PLC sub-module, a power supply sub-module, and a communication sub-module. The edge computer sub-module includes a water sample water quality monitoring unit, a daphnia behavior monitoring and analysis unit, a data storage unit, and a water sample toxicity alarm unit. The PLC sub-module includes a water sample injection pump control unit, a filter backwashing control unit, an ultrasonic filter control unit, a degassing system heating and cooling control unit, a peristaltic pump control unit, an infrared and white light control unit, a camera control unit, each valve control unit, and an injection pump control unit.

[0131] This embodiment also provides a method for warning of water body toxicity based on the above system, including the following steps:

[0132] Prepare live daphnia and put them into a cleaned daphnia feeding and observation chamber for domestication; turn on the power switch for system self-check; extract and filter the water body to be tested through the water sample pretreatment module; remove the water body bubbles through the water body degassing module by ultrasonic filtration, heating degassing, exhaust, and cooling; regularly provide nutrient solution for daphnia through the nutrient solution supply module; use the daphnia feeding and observation module and the daphnia behavior video acquisition module to observe and record the daphnia behavior, and the system host control module will analyze the behavior data to judge whether the water sample is contaminated; if the daphnia behavior is abnormal, a warning signal will be issued; after the warning signal is issued, the system will temporarily store the water sample, and then the temporarily stored water sample will be taken away manually and the equipment will be cleaned, and then the device will be reset for monitoring.

[0133] Specifically, as Figures 13-14As shown in the figure, when the present invention conducts water body pollutant testing, the sample water body first enters from the water sample pretreatment. The pretreatment module removes sand and stone impurities in the water body, and then enters the ultrasonic filtration module 13. The filter screen of the ultrasonic filtration module 13 is 300 mesh. Fine impurities and bubbles in the water body will be adsorbed by the filter screen. When the ultrasonic wave works, the filter screen will vibrate at a high frequency, and the adsorbed bubbles will be shaken off the filter screen, and the small and disordered bubbles will burst and adhere to form larger and uniform bubbles. At this time, the water body will be transported to the heating and defoaming module 14. The water passing tray of the heating and defoaming module 14 is a Z-shaped pipeline loop, and its lower part is heated by a Peltier. When the water body passes through here, it will be heated to 40 °C, so that the bubbles in the water body become in a free state.

[0134] Further, the water body heated to 40 °C will pass through the exhaust valve 15 after coming out of the heating and defoaming module 14, and the free bubbles will be discharged from the exhaust valve 15. After the water body with the bubbles discharged is sent to the cooling module 16. The waterway structure of the cooling module 16 is the same as that of the heating and defoaming module 14, and the lower part is cooled by a Peltier. When the water body passes through, it will be cooled to 20 °C. At this time, the water body will enter the Daphnia feeding and observation chamber 5 through the pipeline.

[0135] Further, the Daphnia feeding and observation chamber 5 has water inlet at the lower part and water discharge at the upper part. To ensure the smoothness of the inlet water flow and reduce the disturbance to the individual Daphnia, the inlet hole adopts multi-hole water inlet, the aperture is 0.3 mm, and the number of holes is 6. The drain hole is also multi-hole, the aperture is 0.3 mm, and the number of holes is 10.

[0136] Further, the liquid inlet pipe of the nutrient solution supply module 2 is connected in parallel with the main water inlet pipe of the Daphnia feeding and observation chamber 5, and the Daphnia in the observation chamber is supplied with nutrient solution regularly, generally once every 7 days. The video collection of the Daphnia feeding and observation chamber 5 is mainly provided with illumination by the infrared illumination sub-module 9, and the infrared camera 10 conducts video collection. The white light illumination sub-module 8 does not provide illumination for video collection, but only provides simulated illumination of day and night alternation for the Daphnia, and the alternation period is 12 hours.

[0137] Further, the infrared camera 10 records videos of various behaviors of the Daphnia in the observation chamber, and the video data will be directly stored in the hard disk of the main control system. The directly shot video data will be saved as the original data, and the optimized video will be used for Daphnia behavior analysis. The Daphnia behavior annotation pictures are as Figure 15 shown.

[0138] Furthermore, video optimization mainly includes brightness optimization, contrast optimization, video denoising, and selection of the number of video frames. Behavior analysis mainly uses the neural network system of a high-performance edge computer to achieve behavior discrimination through data algorithms. For normal Daphnia in a general environment, their swimming speed and jumping height are basically consistent within a certain period of time. In the learning algorithm of the computer, the settings for each Daphnia are v and h. When Daphnia are affected by water pollutants, these values will change.

[0139] Through biological experiments, it can be set that:

[0140] When the one-hour lethality rate is 20%, the swimming speed and jumping height are v 20 and h 20 ;

[0141] When the one-hour lethality rate is 50%, the swimming speed and jumping height are v 50 and h 50 ;

[0142] When the one-hour lethality rate is 80%, the swimming speed and jumping height are v 80 and h 80 ;

[0143] When the one-hour lethality rate is 100%, the swimming speed and jumping height are v 100 and h 100 ;

[0144] An alarm threshold v n and h n is set for each lethality rate range.

[0145] The video algorithm monitors and records a set of data every 5 minutes, and finally takes the comprehensive value of the alarms within one hour, that is where m is the total time of the 5-minute intervals before the alarm. Then, a threshold comparison is made using the following formula:

[0146]

[0147] When the monitored value equals the threshold, picture comparison starts. Since each Daphnia for which picture tracking is performed in the observation chamber has been marked, that is, the Daphnia code number and quantity. After continuous tracking for a period of time, the number of Daphnia decreases, and the percentage decrease also reaches the threshold. Then the system starts to alarm, and finally the entire system achieves the effect of toxicity early warning.

[0148] Before the present invention is used, it is necessary to screen Daphnia. The Daphnia selected are live Daphnia that are 10 days old and have uniform individual sizes, with a quantity of 15. Then they are placed into the cleaned Daphnia breeding and observation chamber 5 for domestication and observation. The present invention is an on-line monitoring system. After starting to work, the water sample to be tested will circulate inside the present invention after being processed by the pre-treatment system of the present invention. If the water sample to be tested is not polluted and the behavior of the Daphnia is normal, the system will not give an alarm and will continuously monitor. If the water sample to be tested is polluted and the behavior of the Daphnia is abnormal, the system will give an internal yellow warning and then continuously focus on monitoring. When the continuous monitoring threshold time arrives and the abnormal behavior returns to normal, the yellow warning is lifted, and the present invention will not issue a warning signal. However, when the continuous monitoring threshold time arrives and it is still abnormal, the yellow warning turns red, the present invention issues a warning signal, and the water sample is temporarily stored for detailed toxic sample detection use.

[0149] Furthermore, after the present invention gives a monitoring alarm, the on-line monitoring function will be suspended. It is necessary to manually take away the temporarily stored water sample and clean the equipment. After the alarm is eliminated, the entire system is reset and then on-line monitoring is carried out again. Cleaning the equipment is to remove the residual pollutants and prevent affecting the accuracy of subsequent monitoring.

[0150] Compared with the traditional methods, the greatest advantage of the present invention lies in its real-time performance. For traditional indicator organisms to monitor pollutants, generally, the degree of water pollution is reflected by the number and proportion of pollution-tolerant species of organisms. This method is difficult to accurately reflect the current situation of toxic and harmful pollutants. Another method is to add indicator organisms to the collected water samples and judge the comprehensive impact of pollutants on the water environment by observing the behavior of the indicator organisms. These two methods are time-consuming and laborious, and there is no mention of real-time performance. The present invention can be installed in the artificial canal monitoring station and can monitor the conveyed water body in real time. In this way, the cumbersome nature of water sample treatment and biological control is reduced, and it can quickly feedback whether the conveyed water body is polluted, increasing the safety of water use.

[0151] Although Daphnia is a common aquatic animal and is widely used in the research on water pollutant monitoring, its growth environment is relatively harsh. If there is no stable water environment suitable for its survival, its swimming behavior and growth cycle in the water body will be affected. The Daphnia breeding and observation module of the present invention perfectly solves this problem and can keep the tested Daphnia in a steady state behavior all the time, providing conditions for water sample monitoring. The present invention has filled the domestic gap in the aspect of using indicator organisms for on-line water quality toxicity early warning, breaking the rules of the foreign products with non-disclosed technology and high prices.

[0152] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A water toxicity early warning system based on the biological behavior of Daphnia, characterized in that, It includes: A water sample pretreatment module, which is used to extract the original water body and filter the original water body to obtain a filtered water sample; A water body degassing module, which is used to heat up the filtered water sample to remove the bubbles in the filtered water sample; A nutrient solution supply module, which is used to transport the nutrient solution to the water fleas in the water flea breeding and observation chamber, and the nutrients in the nutrient solution are Chlorella; A water flea breeding and observation module, which is used to simulate the natural growth environment of water fleas and observe the behavior state of water fleas; A water flea behavior video acquisition module, which is used to monitor the water flea breeding and observation chamber with an infrared camera and transmit the video data to the host system; A host control module, which is used to control the water sample pretreatment module, the water body degassing module, the nutrient solution supply module, the water flea breeding and observation module and the water flea behavior video acquisition module through a PLC control system, analyze the video data, and give a water quality toxicity warning according to the analysis results.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein The water sample pretreatment module includes: A water sample inlet sub-module, which is used to extract the water body to be measured through a diaphragm pump; A water sample coarse filtration sub-module, which is used to filter the large impurities and suspended matters in the water body to be measured with a 10-mesh filter screen; A water sample secondary filtration sub-module, which is used to filter the smaller impurities in the water body to be measured with a 50-mesh filter screen.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water body degassing module includes: An ultrasonic bubble filtration sub-module, which is used to drive the filter screen to vibrate through an ultrasonic device to fuse the fine bubbles; A heating and degassing sub-module, which is used to heat up the pipeline loop through a Peltier; An exhaust sub-module, which is used to exhaust the bubbles in the water body after heating through a pipeline exhaust valve; A cooling and temperature reduction sub-module, which is used to reduce the temperature of the water body after the bubbles are discharged.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water flea breeding and observation module includes: A white light illumination sub-module, which is used to simulate the day and night changes; A water flea breeding and observation chamber sub-module, which is used for water flea breeding and biological behavior observation; the front panel of this module is made of a high-transparency material, and the background panel is made of a black matte material.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water flea behavior video acquisition module includes: An infrared illumination sub-module, which is used to provide infrared illumination for the infrared camera to shoot the behavior of water fleas with the least interference to the water fleas in the breeding and observation chamber through infrared light; An infrared camera sub-module, which is used to collect the swimming behavior of water fleas through an infrared camera.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein The system host control module includes: An edge computer sub-module, which is used to analyze the behavior of water fleas with an edge computer to obtain behavior characteristics and make a pollution judgment according to the behavior characteristics; A PLC sub-module, which is used to control the pumps, pipeline valves, light sources and temperature control units of the system; A power supply sub-module, which is used to convert the voltage to supply power to each module; A communication sub-module, which is used to communicate through pulse analog control and Ethernet communication methods; The edge computer sub-module includes: A water sample water quality monitoring unit, which is used to detect the pH value, conductivity, turbidity, temperature and dissolved oxygen of the water quality through a water quality detector, and the detection data is fed back in real time through a display; A daphnia behavior monitoring and analysis unit is used to analyze the behavior of daphnia through a daphnia behavior toxicity analysis algorithm to determine whether the sample to be tested is contaminated. The daphnia behavior toxicity analysis algorithm adopts an architecture of object detection plus multi-object tracking, and obtains the accurate position information of daphnia in the front and rear frame images for behavior judgment. A data storage unit is used to store the video data of daphnia behavior and water quality monitoring data. A water sample toxicity alarm unit is used to give a toxicity alarm through an acoustic-optic mode. The PLC sub-module includes: A water sample injection pump control unit is used to control the injection diaphragm pump. A filter backwashing control unit is used to control the backwashing water pump. An ultrasonic filter control unit is used to control the opening and closing of the filter ultrasonic wave. A degassing system heating and cooling control unit is used to control the Peltier heating and cooling by using a single-chip microcomputer temperature control component, and adjust by feeding back the actual heating and cooling temperature values through a temperature sensor. A peristaltic pump control unit is used to control the start, stop and flow rate of the peristaltic pump. An infrared and white light control unit is used to control infrared light and white light. The infrared light control includes opening, closing and brightness adjustment, and the brightness is adjusted according to the exposure required for camera acquisition. The white light control includes opening and closing, and is used to simulate day and night alternation. A camera control unit is used to control the video acquisition of the observation chamber by the infrared camera. Each valve control unit is used to control the pinch valve, electric ball valve and drain valve of the pipeline. An injection pump control unit is used to control the operation of the injection pump and regularly deliver nutrient solution to the daphnia in the feeding and observation chamber.

7. An early warning device for water toxicity based on the biological behavior of Daphnia, characterized in that, It includes: A chassis shell, the nutrient solution supply module is installed on the front panel of the chassis shell, connected to the pipeline manifold through a hose, the pipeline manifold is connected to the peristaltic pump through a hose, the peristaltic pump is connected to the daphnia feeding and observation chamber through a hose, and the daphnia feeding and observation chamber is connected to the pipeline manifold through a hose. The white light illumination sub-module and the infrared light illumination sub-module are installed on one side of the daphnia feeding and observation chamber; the infrared camera is fixed on the bottom plate through a camera bracket for shooting the behavior of daphnia in the daphnia feeding and observation chamber. The pipeline manifold is connected to the cooling and cooling module through a hose, the cooling and cooling module is connected to the exhaust valve through a hose, the exhaust valve is connected to the heating and defoaming module through a hose, and the heating and defoaming module is connected to the ultrasonic filtration module through a hose. A host control module controls each pump, pipeline valve, light source and temperature control unit of the device, analyzes the swimming behavior of daphnia in the daphnia feeding and observation chamber captured, and displays the analysis result through a function display screen; it is powered through a power switch and a port socket.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The nutrient solution supply module includes: A servo motor drives a lead screw, and the lead screw drives a slider; the servo motor and the lead screw are installed on a base, and the base is installed on a main mounting plate; a syringe piston rod connecting plate is connected to the slider, and the syringe barrel is installed on the main mounting plate through a syringe central fixing plate and a syringe end fixing plate; the slider drives the syringe piston rod connecting plate to move for nutrient solution injection or suction.

9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A daphnia rearing and observation chamber is provided with a daphnia injection hole plug at the upper part. Open the daphnia injection hole plug to add daphnia into the daphnia rearing and observation chamber. The back of the daphnia rearing and observation chamber is installed on the front panel of the chassis shell through the observation chamber panel and fixed by panel fixing bolts. A handle is installed on the observation chamber panel. The observation chamber background board is installed on the observation chamber panel, and the observation chamber middle board is installed on the observation chamber background board. There is a room-shaped empty chamber in the middle of the observation chamber middle board as the daphnia rearing area. The observation chamber background board is made of black matte material. The observation chamber front panel is installed on the observation chamber middle board and fixed by fixing screws. The observation chamber front panel is made of high-transparency material.

10. A method for early warning of water toxicity based on the system described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Prepare live daphnia and put them into the cleaned daphnia rearing and observation chamber for domestication; turn on the power switch for system self-check; extract and filter the water sample to be measured through the water sample pretreatment module; remove the water bubbles in the water body through the water body degassing module by ultrasonic filtration, heating degassing, exhaust and cooling; regularly provide nutrient solution for daphnia through the nutrient solution supply module; observe and record the behavior of daphnia by using the daphnia rearing and observation module and the daphnia behavior video acquisition module. The system host control module will analyze the behavior data to judge whether the water sample is contaminated; if the behavior of daphnia is abnormal, a warning signal will be sent, and the system will temporarily store the detected water sample at the same time; after the warning signal is sent, it is necessary to manually take away the temporarily stored water sample and clean the equipment, and then reset the device for monitoring.

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