Device and method for measuring slope water and soil loss

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, in particular to a device and method for measuring the water and soil loss amount of a slope, and the device comprises a base which is provided with a measuring pipe, the measuring pipe is internally provided with a communication cavity, one side of the communication cavity is provided with a communication pressure plug, and the other side of the communication cavity is provided with a piston plugging head. Measuring liquid is arranged between the piston plugging head and the communicating pressure plug; compared with the prior art, the measuring pipe is arranged in the slope surface to be measured, when soil on the surface of the slope surface is lost, the measuring outer ring can synchronously move downwards, the downwards-moving measuring outer ring can drive the communicating pressure plug to synchronously move downwards, the downwards-moving communicating pressure plug can pressurize measuring liquid movably plugged by the piston plugging head, and the measuring liquid can be accurately measured. The piston plugging head is gradually lifted, the soil loss condition can be visually observed in real time along with the dynamic change of soil loss, and measurement and data recording are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and specifically to a device and a measurement method for measuring the soil and water loss amount on a slope surface. Background Technique

[0002] China is one of the countries with relatively serious soil and water loss in the world. Natural conditions determine the universality, long-term nature and harmfulness of soil erosion across the country. The monitoring of soil and water loss is particularly important. Accurately measuring the amount of soil and water loss has a guiding role in providing targeted soil and water conservation measures. Currently, when monitoring the soil and water loss amount on a slope surface, the measuring rod method is generally adopted. Specifically, thin rods with scales are inserted into the ground surface or slope surface, and marks are made on the thin rods regularly. By recording the front and back changes in the soil layer height, the soil and water loss amount on the ground surface is finally calculated.

[0003] However, the measurement stability of the thin rod is poor. When the installation depth of the thin rod is insufficient or the soil quality is loose, the thin rod is prone to phenomena such as tilting, which affects the measurement accuracy and even causes the measurement record to fail. It is necessary to reinstall the measurement again, delaying the measurement opportunity. Moreover, manual measurement and recording have large errors and low efficiency. Therefore, the present invention proposes a device and a measurement method for measuring the soil and water loss amount on a slope surface. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and a measurement method for measuring the soil and water loss amount on a slope surface to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A device for measuring the soil and water loss amount on a slope surface includes a base, a measuring tube is installed on the base, a communication cavity is arranged in the measuring tube, a communication pressure plug is arranged on one side of the communication cavity, and a piston plug is arranged on the other side of the communication cavity. A measuring liquid is arranged between the piston plug and the communication pressure plug. A measuring outer ring is arranged on the outer surface of the measuring tube at the position of the communication pressure plug. The communication pressure plug is driven to move by the measuring outer ring, and the measuring outer ring freely falls under gravity on the upper surface of the slope.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the measuring tube is a U-shaped tube, and the number of measuring tubes is several.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the measuring tube includes a bottom tube fixedly installed on the base. First connecting elbows and second connecting elbows are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom tube. A measuring insertion tube is fixedly installed at the upper end of the first connecting elbow, an observation tube is fixedly installed at the upper end of the second connecting elbow, and the observation tube is arranged outside the slope surface. The piston plug is arranged in the observation tube, and the communication pressure plug is arranged in the measuring insertion tube.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a scale bar is provided on the outer surface of the observation tube.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the connecting pressure plug includes a piston head provided on the upper surface of one side of the measuring liquid. A magnetic block is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the piston head, and the measuring outer ring includes a strong magnetic sleeve that adsorbs with the magnetic block.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a counterweight sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the strong magnetic sleeve, and a plurality of support bars are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the counterweight sleeve. The plurality of support bars are evenly distributed in a ring at the bottom of the counterweight sleeve.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a ball is rotatably installed on the inner surface of the counterweight sleeve.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a bead shell is rotatably installed on the outer surface of the ball, and a lubricating cavity is provided between the ball and the bead shell.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the second connecting elbow, and a sensor probe is provided at one end of the pressure sensor. The sensor probe is disposed in the measuring liquid.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it further includes a data acquisition and transmission unit. The data acquisition and transmission unit is installed at one end of the base. The signal input end of the data acquisition and transmission unit is electrically connected to the signal output end of the pressure sensor, and the signal output end of the data acquisition and transmission unit is electrically connected to the data analysis unit.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] The device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on the slope surface of the present invention sets a measuring tube in the slope surface to be measured, and a piston plug head, a connecting pressure plug, and a measuring liquid are arranged in the measuring tube. And a measuring outer ring is arranged on the outer surface of the measuring tube at the position of the connecting pressure plug. When the soil on the slope surface is lost, the measuring outer ring will move downward synchronously. The downward moving measuring outer ring can drive the connecting pressure plug to move downward synchronously. The downward moving connecting pressure plug can pressurize the measuring liquid that is movably blocked by the piston plug head, so that the piston plug head gradually rises. With the dynamic change of soil loss, the soil loss situation can be observed intuitively and in real time. And the measuring tubes at different positions can measure different positions of the slope surface well, which is convenient for measurement and data recording.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 Top view structure diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 Front view structure diagram of the measuring tube of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 Cross-sectional view structure diagram of the measuring tube of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 Structure diagram of the measuring outer ring of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the connecting pressure plug of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the counterweight sleeve of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1, base; 2, measuring tube; 20, communicating cavity; 21, measuring insertion tube; 22, observation tube; 23, first connecting elbow; 24, second connecting elbow; 25, bottom tube; 3, connecting pressure plug; 31, magnetic block; 32, piston head; 4, piston sealing head; 5, measuring outer ring; 51, strong magnetic sleeve; 52, counterweight sleeve; 53, support bar; 54, ball; 55, ball shell; 56, lubricating cavity; 6, measuring liquid; 7, pressure sensor; 8, sensor probe; 9, data acquisition and transmission unit; 10, installation groove; 11, slope. Specific embodiments

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "couple" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] Please refer to Figures 1-7, in this embodiment, a device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope is provided, including a base 1. A measuring tube 2 is installed on the base 1. An installation groove 10 is provided on the base 1, and the measuring tube 2 is fixedly installed in the installation groove 10. A communication cavity 20 is provided in the measuring tube 2. A communication pressure plug 3 is provided on one side of the communication cavity 20, and a piston plug 4 is provided on the other side of the communication cavity 20. A measuring liquid 6 is provided between the piston plug 4 and the communication pressure plug 3. A measuring outer ring 5 is provided on the outer surface of the measuring tube 2 at the position of the communication pressure plug 3. The communication pressure plug 3 is driven to move by the measuring outer ring 5, and the measuring outer ring 5 freely falls by gravity on the upper surface of the slope 11. The measuring tube 2 is a U-shaped tube, and the number of measuring tubes 2 is several. The measuring tube 2 includes a bottom tube 25 fixedly installed on the base 1. A first connecting elbow 23 and a second connecting elbow 24 are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom tube 25. A measuring insertion tube 21 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the first connecting elbow 23, and an observation tube 22 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the second connecting elbow 24. The observation tube 22 is arranged outside the slope 11. The piston plug 4 is arranged in the observation tube 22, and the communication pressure plug 3 is arranged in the measuring insertion tube 21. A scale bar is provided on the outer surface of the observation tube 22. The communication pressure plug 3 includes a piston head 32 arranged on the upper surface of one side of the measuring liquid 6. A magnetic block 31 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the piston head 32. The measuring outer ring 5 includes a strong magnetic sleeve 51 that adsorbs with the magnetic block 31. Due to the adsorption between the strong magnetic sleeve 51 and the magnetic block 31, when the strong magnetic sleeve 51 moves downward, it can drive the magnetic block 31 to move downward synchronously, thereby driving the communication pressure plug 3 to move downward and applying pressure to the measuring liquid 6 below. By arranging the measuring tube 2 in the slope 11 to be measured, a piston plug 4, a communication pressure plug 3, and a measuring liquid 6 are arranged in the measuring tube 2, and a measuring outer ring 5 is arranged on the outer surface of the measuring tube 2 at the position of the communication pressure plug 3. When the soil on the surface of the slope 11 is eroded, the measuring outer ring 5 will move downward synchronously. The downward-moving measuring outer ring 5 can drive the communication pressure plug 3 to move downward synchronously. The downward-moving communication pressure plug 3 can pressurize the measuring liquid 6 that is movably blocked by the piston plug 4, causing the piston plug 4 to gradually rise. By observing the rising height of the piston plug 4, the soil erosion situation can be well measured. As the soil erodes and changes dynamically, the soil erosion situation can be observed intuitively and in real time. The measuring tubes 2 at different positions can well measure different positions of the slope, facilitating measurement and data recording.

[0030] In this embodiment, a counterweight sleeve 52 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the strong magnetic sleeve 51. In order to improve the sensitivity of measuring the height change of the outer measuring ring 5 due to soil erosion, by adding the counterweight sleeve 52, the outer measuring ring 5 can be better kept on the soil surface of the slope 11 at all times, and the situation of suspension will not occur, which may lead to errors in the measurement results. A plurality of support bars 53 are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the counterweight sleeve 52, and the plurality of support bars 53 are evenly distributed in a ring at the bottom of the counterweight sleeve 52. By using the support bars 53, the contact area between the bottom of the outer measuring ring 5 and the soil can be greatly reduced, thereby avoiding the covering of the soil below the outer measuring ring 5, which may affect the soil erosion situation, enabling the soil to erode better, and thus improving the measurement accuracy. A ball 54 is rotatably installed on the inner surface of the counterweight sleeve 52, a ball shell 55 is rotatably installed on the outer surface of the ball 54, and a lubricating cavity 56 is provided between the ball 54 and the ball shell 55, and lubricating oil is provided in the lubricating cavity 56. Among them, in order to further improve the measurement accuracy of the outer measuring ring 5, by providing the ball 54 and the lubricating cavity 56 in the counterweight sleeve 52, the accurate change of the outer measuring ring 5 during soil erosion can be further improved, and the measurement accuracy can be improved.

[0031] In this embodiment, a pressure sensor 7 is fixedly installed on the second connecting elbow 24, and a sensor probe 8 is provided at one end of the pressure sensor 7. The sensor probe 8 is arranged in the measuring liquid 6. It further includes a data acquisition and transmission unit 9. The data acquisition and transmission unit 9 is installed at one end of the base 1. The signal input end of the data acquisition and transmission unit 9 is electrically connected to the signal output end of the pressure sensor 7, and the signal output end of the data acquisition and transmission unit 9 is electrically connected to the data analysis unit. Among them, by providing the pressure sensor 7 below the piston plug 4 of the measuring tube 2, the pressure change situation at the position of the sensor probe 8 can be dynamically monitored and data can be collected in real time, and the collected data is sent to the data acquisition and transmission unit 9. The data acquisition and transmission unit 9 can effectively collect, record and transmit the real-time data of the multiple pressure sensors 7 in the measuring tubes 2 at different positions, and send them to the data analysis unit. Through the data analysis unit, these collected dynamic pressure data sets can be well analyzed, so as to calculate the dynamic situation of soil erosion at different positions of the slope 11.

[0032] In this embodiment, a measuring method for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope is also proposed, which specifically includes the following steps: First, the measuring device can be pre-embedded before the construction of the slope 11, and the base 1 and the measuring tube 2 are both pre-embedded in the corresponding positions. Then, during the construction of the slope 11, the measuring insertion tube 21 of the measuring tube 2 is buried into the slope 11, and only the upper part of the area is exposed, such as Figure 1As shown, the observation tube 22 of the measuring tube 2 extends to the outside of the horizontal side of the slope 11 through the bottom tube 25. Of course, the observation tube 22 can be pre-embedded in the slope 11 together, and only the upper part of the area is exposed, so that the piston plug 4 can be directly observed from the outside. Similarly, the measuring device can also not be pre-embedded in advance. After the slope 11 is formed, a horizontal hole is drilled at the bottom of the slope 11 through a drilling device, and a vertical hole is drilled at the position of the measuring tube 2. After the drilling is completed, the base 1 is installed at the bottom of the slope through the horizontal bottom hole, and then the measuring tube 2 is assembled through the vertical hole. After the installation is completed, the measuring liquid 6 is injected into the measuring tube 2, and the two ends are movably blocked by the connecting pressure plug 3 and the piston plug 4. Then, the measuring outer ring 5 is sleeved on the outer surface of the measuring tube 2 and located outside the connecting pressure plug 3, so that the measuring outer ring 5 and the connecting pressure plug 3 are adsorbed to each other to wait for subsequent monitoring. When the soil loss changes, the measuring outer ring 5 moves down synchronously with gravity, thereby driving the connecting pressure plug 3 to move down, exerting pressure on the measuring liquid 6 and the piston plug 4, so that the piston plug 4 rises. By the direct observation method, the position of the piston plug 4 on the scale bar of the observation tube 22 can be observed to complete the measurement. Moreover, the dynamic monitoring and data acquisition can also be carried out in real time by using the pressure change situation at the position of the sensor probe 8, and the collected data is sent to the data acquisition and transmission unit 9. The data acquisition and transmission unit 9 can effectively collect, record and transmit the real-time data of the multiple pressure sensors 7 in the measuring tubes 2 at different positions, and send them to the data analysis unit. Through the data analysis unit, these collected dynamic pressure data sets can be well analyzed, so that the dynamic situation of soil loss at different positions of the slope 11 can be calculated.

[0033] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An apparatus for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope, characterized in that, It includes a base (1), a measuring tube (2) is installed on the base (1), a communication cavity (20) is arranged in the measuring tube (2), a communication pressure plug (3) is arranged on one side of the communication cavity (20), and a piston plug head (4) is arranged on the other side of the communication cavity (20). A measuring liquid (6) is arranged between the piston plug head (4) and the communication pressure plug (3). A measuring outer ring (5) is arranged on the outer surface of the measuring tube (2) at the position of the communication pressure plug (3). The communication pressure plug (3) is driven to move by the measuring outer ring (5), and the measuring outer ring (5) freely falls under gravity on the upper surface of the slope (11).

2. The device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on the slope surface according to claim 1, wherein The measuring tube (2) is a U-shaped tube, and the number of measuring tubes (2) is several.

3. The device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope according to claim 2, characterized in that, The measuring tube (2) includes a bottom tube (25) fixedly installed on the base (1). A first connecting elbow (23) and a second connecting elbow (24) are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom tube (25). A measuring insertion tube (21) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the first connecting elbow (23), and an observation tube (22) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the second connecting elbow (24). The observation tube (22) is arranged outside the slope (11). The piston plug head (4) is arranged in the observation tube (22), and the communication pressure plug (3) is arranged in the measuring insertion tube (21).

4. The device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, A scale bar is arranged on the outer surface of the observation tube (22).

5. The device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope according to claim 1, characterized in that The communication pressure plug (3) includes a piston head (32) arranged on the upper surface of one side of the measuring liquid (6). A magnetic block (31) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the piston head (32). The measuring outer ring (5) includes a strong magnetic sleeve (51) that adsorbs with the magnetic block (31).

6. The device for measuring the soil and water loss amount on a slope according to claim 5, wherein A counterweight sleeve (52) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the strong magnetic sleeve (51). A plurality of support bars (53) are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the counterweight sleeve (52). The plurality of support bars (53) are evenly distributed in a ring at the bottom of the counterweight sleeve (52).

7. The device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope according to claim 1, wherein, A ball (54) is installed in the inner surface of the counterweight sleeve (52) in a rolling manner.

8. The device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, A bead shell (55) is installed on the outer surface of the ball (54) in a rolling manner, and a lubricating cavity (56) is arranged between the ball (54) and the bead shell (55).

9. The device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope according to claim 3, characterized in that, A pressure sensor (7) is fixedly installed on the second connecting elbow (24), and a sensor probe (8) is arranged at one end of the pressure sensor (7). The sensor probe (8) is arranged in the measuring liquid (6).

10. The device for measuring the amount of soil and water loss on a slope according to claim 9, characterized in that, It further includes a data acquisition and transmission unit (9). The data acquisition and transmission unit (9) is installed at one end of the base (1). The signal input end of the data acquisition and transmission unit (9) is electrically connected to the signal output end of the pressure sensor (7), and the signal output end of the data acquisition and transmission unit (9) is electrically connected to the data analysis unit.

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