Communication optimization method, device and system for optical fiber splitter

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication optimization method, device and system for an optical fiber optical splitter, and belongs to the field of optical fiber optical splitter communication, and the method comprises the steps: optimizing the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber optical splitter and a connection end face structure, and obtaining an adjusted optical splitter; calculating a coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters and the real-time signal parameters of the adjusted optical splitter; according to the method, the asymmetric refractive index distribution and the structure of the optical fiber port can be adjusted, and then the coupling coefficients of different modes of the adjusted optical fiber splitter are calculated; the optical fiber splitter is optimized according to the coupling coefficient and the real-time communication parameter of the optical fiber splitter, so that the coupling coefficients of different modes of the optical fiber splitter meet actual requirements, the influence of signal distortion and attenuation during coupling is reduced, and the signal precision is improved.

Description

Background Art

[0002] An optical fiber splitter is an important optical device, which is widely used in the fields of optical fiber communication, optical fiber sensing, optical networks, etc. It is mainly used to distribute optical signals from one optical fiber to multiple optical fibers. Traditional optical fiber splitters are usually designed based on step-index fibers (SIF). Due to the simplicity of their refractive index distribution, such fibers are relatively easy to design and manufacture, and have a low cost, so they have been widely used.

[0003] However, in traditional optical fiber splitters, the interference and coupling effects between step-index fibers are relatively serious, resulting in large losses during signal transmission, especially in high-frequency and high-capacity transmission scenarios. For this reason, the currently commonly used method is to use graded-index fibers (GRIN fibers for short). The refractive index of GRIN fibers changes continuously along the radial direction, usually showing an exponential or linear distribution related to the optical axis direction. Due to the gradual change characteristics of the refractive index distribution, GRIN fibers can effectively control the propagation path of light beams, reduce the scattering of light beams, and the mutual interference of optical signals in different modes.

[0004] But using graded-index fibers has the following technical problems: in high-power and high-capacity transmission scenarios, signal distortion and attenuation will occur when optical signals in different modes are coupled, thus reducing the accuracy of the signals. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a communication optimization method, device and system for an optical fiber splitter, which can solve the technical problems of signal distortion and attenuation that occur when using graded-index fibers in existing optical fiber splitters during optical signal coupling.

[0006] In the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a communication optimization method for an optical fiber splitter is provided. The method includes:

[0007] Optimizing the refractive index distribution and connection end face structure of the optical fiber splitter to obtain an adjusted splitter, where the connection end face structure is the structure of the connection end face of the graded-index fiber connected to the optical fiber splitter;

[0008] Calculating the coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters and real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter;

[0009] Performing an optimization iteration process on the optical fiber splitter by using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters.

[0010] The present invention can adjust the structure of the asymmetric refractive index distribution and the fiber end, then calculate the coupling coefficients of different modes of the adjusted fiber optical splitter, and optimize the fiber optical splitter according to the coupling coefficients and the real-time communication parameters of the fiber optical splitter, so that the coupling coefficients of different modes of the fiber optical splitter meet the actual requirements, reduce the influence of signal distortion and attenuation during coupling, and thus improve the signal accuracy.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the optimization operation of the refractive index distribution includes:

[0012] Calculate the refractive index distribution constant of the graded-index fiber in the fiber optical splitter and the fiber parameters of the graded-index fiber;

[0013] Use the refractive index distribution constant and the fiber parameters to set an asymmetric refractive index distribution model;

[0014] Adjust the control parameters and refractive index distribution constant of the asymmetric refractive index distribution to optimize the refractive index distribution of the fiber optical splitter.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the optimization operation of the connection end face structure includes:

[0016] Set a plurality of bumps on the end face of the graded-index fiber connected to the adjusted optical splitter;

[0017] Apply a reflective coating on the surfaces of the plurality of bumps.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the plurality of bumps are symmetrically arranged with the graded-index fiber as the center, and the plurality of bumps increase gradually from the center of the graded-index fiber to the side;

[0019] Wherein, the depth of each bump is determined according to the working wavelength of the graded-index fiber and the core refractive index of the fiber core.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the calculation of the coupling coefficients between different modes according to the geometric parameters and real-time signal parameters of the adjusted optical splitter includes:

[0021] Use the real-time signal parameters of the adjusted optical splitter to determine the optical frequency value and use the geometric parameters of the connection end face structure to determine the refractive perturbation value;

[0022] After determining the optical field wave functions of any two different modes, calculate the coupling coefficients using the optical field wave functions, the refractive perturbation value and the optical frequency value.

[0023] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the optimization and iteration processing of the fiber optic splitter using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters includes:

[0024] Determine an error signal using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters;

[0025] Determine a coupling change amount using the error signal, and perform iteration according to the coupling change amount until the coupling coefficients between different modes reach a preset target value.

[0026] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the graded-index fiber uses a temperature-compensated material and the fiber optic splitter is provided with a thermal compensation unit;

[0027] The method further includes:

[0028] Collect temperature data of the fiber optic splitter using a temperature sensor;

[0029] Adjust the refractive index distribution or the connection end face structure according to the temperature data.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the method further includes:

[0031] After determining that the value of the real-time signal parameter is different from the preset signal threshold, generate a preliminary alarm signal and record the real-time signal parameter and the corresponding timestamp;

[0032] Determine the fault type according to the abnormal value of the real-time signal parameter.

[0033] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a communication optimization device for a fiber optic splitter, and the device includes:

[0034] An adjustment module, configured to optimize the refractive index distribution and the connection end face structure of the fiber optic splitter to obtain an adjusted splitter, wherein the connection end face structure is the structure of the connection end face of the graded-index fiber connected to the fiber optic splitter;

[0035] A coefficient module, configured to calculate the coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters and the real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter;

[0036] An optimization module, configured to perform optimization and iteration processing on the fiber optic splitter using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters.

[0037] The third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a communication optimization system for a fiber optic splitter, and the system includes:

[0038] A sensor network and data acquisition unit, configured to perform optical signal intensity monitoring to monitor the communication parameters of the fiber optic splitter in real time;

[0039] An adaptive mode coupling unit, configured to automatically adjust the mode coupling degree in an optical fiber splitter according to the communication parameters and calculate the interference degree of the current mode of the optical fiber splitter according to the communication parameters, where the communication parameters include the intensity of the input signal of the optical fiber splitter and the signal attenuation parameter during transmission;

[0040] An intelligent temperature control unit, configured to use the data collected by a temperature sensor to adjust the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber in real time;

[0041] A fault self-recovery unit, configured to perform fault monitoring, automatic diagnosis, and fault mode recognition.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, a communication optimization method, device, and system for an optical fiber splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention have the beneficial effects that: the present invention can adjust the asymmetric refractive index distribution and the structure of the optical fiber ports, then calculate the coupling coefficients of different modes of the adjusted optical fiber splitter, and optimize the optical fiber splitter according to the coupling coefficients and the real-time communication parameters of the optical fiber splitter, so that the coupling coefficients of different modes of the optical fiber splitter fit the actual requirements, thereby reducing the influence of signal distortion and attenuation during coupling, and thus improving the accuracy of the signal. Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a communication optimization method for an optical fiber splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 is a Fresnel cross-sectional view of several bumps provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a Fresnel optical fiber cross-section provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 is a logical structure diagram of a thermal compensation unit of an optical fiber splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical fiber connection interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication optimization device for an optical fiber splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication optimization system for an optical fiber splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0050] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] An optical fiber splitter is an important optical device, which is widely used in the fields of optical fiber communication, optical fiber sensing, optical network, etc., and is mainly used to distribute optical signals from one optical fiber to multiple optical fibers. Traditional optical fiber splitters are usually designed based on step-index fibers (SIF). Due to the simplicity of their refractive index distribution, such fibers are relatively easy to design and manufacture, and have a low cost, so they have been widely used.

[0052] However, the interference and coupling effects between step-index optical fibers in traditional optical fiber splitters are relatively serious, resulting in large losses during signal transmission, especially in high-frequency and high-capacity transmission scenarios. For this reason, the currently commonly used method is to use graded-index fibers (abbreviated as GRIN fibers). The refractive index of GRIN fibers varies continuously along the radial direction, usually showing an exponential or linear distribution related to the optical axis direction. Due to the gradual change characteristics of the refractive index distribution, GRIN fibers can effectively control the propagation path of light beams, reduce the scattering of light beams, and the mutual interference of optical signals in different modes.

[0053] But there are the following technical problems when using graded-index fibers: in the scenarios of high-power and high-capacity transmission, signal distortion and attenuation will occur when optical signals in different modes are coupled, thereby reducing the accuracy of the signals.

[0054] To solve the above problems, the following specific embodiments will be used to introduce and illustrate in detail a communication optimization method, device, and system for an optical fiber splitter provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0055] To solve the technical problem that signal distortion and attenuation occur when using graded-index fibers in existing optical fiber splitters for optical signal coupling, referring to Figure 1 , a schematic flowchart of a communication optimization method for an optical fiber splitter provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0056] In one embodiment, the communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter can perform communication optimization through simulation processing, can perform communication optimization through a simulation system, and then apply it to an actual scenario.

[0057] Among them, as an example, the communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter may include:

[0058] S11. Optimize the refractive index distribution and the connection end face structure of the fiber optic splitter to obtain an adjusted splitter, where the connection end face structure is the structure of the connection end face of the graded-index fiber connected to the fiber optic splitter.

[0059] In one embodiment, the refractive index distribution of the fiber optic splitter can be optimized and adjusted. Then, optimize and adjust the connection end face structure of the graded-index fiber connected to the splitter to make the fiber optic splitter into an adjusted splitter.

[0060] It should be noted that the fiber optic splitter can be a multimode fiber optic splitter.

[0061] By asymmetrically optimizing and adjusting the refractive index distribution of the graded-index fiber (GRIN fiber), the performance of the multimode fiber optic splitter can be optimized, especially mode coupling and signal transmission efficiency. By adjusting the refractive index profile of the fiber to present an asymmetric distribution in the radial direction, the coupling and interference between different modes can be reduced, and the stability and efficiency of signal transmission can be improved.

[0062] In one operation mode, the optimized and adjusted refractive index distribution can be an asymmetric refractive index distribution. As an example, the optimization operation of the refractive index distribution can include the following sub-steps:

[0063] S21. Calculate the refractive index distribution constant of the fiber optic splitter in the graded-index fiber and the fiber parameters of the graded-index fiber.

[0064] S22. Use the refractive index distribution constant and the fiber parameters to set an asymmetric refractive index distribution model.

[0065] S23. Adjust the control parameters and refractive index distribution constant of the asymmetric refractive index distribution to optimize the refractive index distribution of the fiber optic splitter.

[0066] In one embodiment, the refractive index distribution constant of the fiber optic splitter in the graded-index fiber can be calculated by using numerical calculation methods such as the finite difference method (FDM) or the finite element method (FEM), and then the fiber parameters of the graded-index fiber are collected.

[0067] Among them, the refractive index distribution constant Δ is the constant of the refractive index distribution. The fiber parameters include: the refractive index n(r) of the fiber at the radius r, the central refractive index n0, and the core radius a of the fiber.

[0068] In a traditional graded-index fiber (GRIN fiber), the refractive index usually changes along the radial direction of the fiber according to the following relationship:

[0069]

[0070] The refractive index distribution will be adjusted according to different operating conditions and objectives to introduce an asymmetric distribution, especially using a steeper refractive index gradient in the central region of the optical fiber. This asymmetric refractive index distribution can adopt an asymmetric refractive index distribution model. Specifically, the asymmetric refractive index distribution model is shown as follows:

[0071]

[0072] where β is a control parameter for adjusting the asymmetry (usually β > 2), making the refractive index distribution steeper in the region closer to the center of the optical fiber, thereby effectively guiding the light beam and controlling the high-order modes.

[0073] The steepness of the refractive index gradient is controlled by adjusting β. A larger β value makes the light beam concentrate in the core region, while a smaller β value makes the refractive index distribution closer to symmetric.

[0074] The refractive index distribution constant Δ controls the amount of change in the refractive index from the center to the edge, directly affecting the light mode propagation characteristics within the optical fiber. In an asymmetric design, the refractive index change in the central region should be larger, while that in the outer region is smaller. By optimizing the selection of Δ, the amplitude difference of the refractive index can be adjusted so that it can provide strong mode confinement without excessive coupling between modes.

[0075] To optimize the asymmetric refractive index distribution, numerical simulation methods need to be used to calculate the mode propagation characteristics under different designs. By using numerical calculation methods such as the finite difference method (FDM) or the finite element method (FEM), the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber is accurately simulated. These simulation methods can help study the influence of different refractive index distributions on the modes and further determine the precise distribution of the refractive index gradient in different regions.

[0076] In one operating mode, parameterization of the optical fiber operating wavelength and mode distribution: When designing, factors such as the optical fiber operating wavelength, the mode distribution of the input signal, and the core radius of the optical fiber need to be considered. Different wavelengths and mode distributions will affect the mode propagation within the optical fiber. Therefore, the asymmetry of the refractive index needs to be adjusted according to different operating conditions to optimize the transmission efficiency of the optical signal to the maximum extent.

[0077] During specific operation, FEM or FDM can be used to simulate the optical mode transmission under different refractive index distributions and calculate the propagation constants of different modes.

[0078] Then, according to indicators such as the power distribution, coupling efficiency, and loss of the modes of the optical fiber splitter, the distribution parameters (β and Δ) of the refractive index are optimized to improve the mode transmission efficiency and reduce the coupling interference between modes. Adjust the asymmetric refractive index distribution in the simulation results to ensure that the final design can meet specific performance requirements (such as efficient optical signal transmission, high-precision signal distribution, etc.).

[0079] To conform to the refractive index distribution, the structure of the optical fiber can be adjusted to optimize the transmission path of the signal and improve the transmission efficiency. Among them, as an example, the optimization operation of the connection end face structure may include the following sub-steps:

[0080] S31. Set a plurality of bumps on the end face of the gradient refractive index optical fiber connected to the adjusting optical splitter.

[0081] S32. Coat a reflective coating on the surfaces of the plurality of bumps.

[0082] The present invention effectively optimizes the transmission path of the optical signal by optimizing the structure at the end face of the optical fiber, and solves the problems of loss and reflection at the connection of the optical fibers. Referring to Figure 2 , a Fresnel cross-sectional view of a plurality of bumps provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0083] In one embodiment, a plurality of bumps can be set on the end face of the gradient refractive index optical fiber connected to the adjusting optical splitter. By designing tiny bumps on the end face of the optical fiber, these structures can form different reflection modes between the end face of the optical fiber and the air interface, effectively reducing the reflection and scattering phenomena of the optical signal at the connection of the optical fibers.

[0084] The size, shape and distribution density of the bumps can all be optimized and adjusted according to the working wavelength of the optical fiber and the design requirements. Through appropriate design, these tiny bump structures can guide the optical signal to smoothly transmit out of or into the optical fiber, thereby reducing signal loss.

[0085] In addition, in addition to simple bumps, the present invention can also adopt a more complex microstructure design, such as a microstructure with a gradient refractive index, to form a directional beam guiding path on the end face of the optical fiber.

[0086] The design of the end face structure of the optical fiber can change the propagation characteristics of light by using micro-nano structures (such as micro-grooves, micro-protrusions, etc.) and realize a gradual change of the refractive index in different regions. For example, the central region can be designed as a part with a larger refractive index, while the edge region can be set as a region with a smaller refractive index, forming a refractive index gradient, so that the light beam refracts or is guided on the end face.

[0087] The propagation of the light beam in different refractive index regions can be described by optical equations (such as the ray propagation equation). When guiding the light beam on the end face, the propagation path of the ray can be described by the following equation:

[0088]

[0089] These tiny bump structures can effectively change the propagation direction of the light beam, avoiding excessive reflection and scattering of the light beam at the end face, thereby ensuring that the optical signal can smoothly enter or leave the optical fiber and maintaining efficient signal transmission.

[0090] In traditional optical fiber connections, the end face of the optical fiber usually contacts the air interface, resulting in reflection and scattering of the optical signal at the connection, thereby causing signal loss and reducing transmission efficiency. The bump structure of the present invention significantly reduces the reflection and scattering effects when the light beam contacts the air by optimizing the geometric shape of the optical fiber end face and introducing an appropriate surface coating, thereby reducing the loss at the optical fiber connection. This optimization can ensure the efficient transmission of the optical signal at the connection and improve the connection quality of the optical fiber.

[0091] Moreover, in traditional optical fiber splitters, the end face of the optical fiber is usually smooth, which may lead to uneven distribution of signals at the connection, resulting in a decrease in the splitting accuracy of the splitter. The bump structure of the present invention can not only reduce reflection and scattering, but also ensure uniform distribution of the optical signal at the connection through precise geometric structure adjustment, thereby achieving more uniform signal transmission. There are grooves between adjacent tiny bumps. The bumps and grooves can effectively guide the light beam, avoiding the signal concentrating in certain areas at the connection, ensuring uniform distribution of the optical signal, and improving the overall splitting accuracy of the optical fiber splitter.

[0092] It should be noted that when setting bumps on the end face of the optical fiber, the protrusion height of each bump and the groove depth of each bump need to be accurately calculated according to the working wavelength of the optical fiber. Generally, the groove depth of each bump and the height of the bump can be between several hundred nanometers and several micrometers to minimize light reflection.

[0093] Refer to Figure 2 , by being recessed inside, the surface of the optical fiber forms bumps. For this reason, the shape of the groove of the bump can adopt different geometric shapes such as circular, elliptical or rectangular, and the optimal shape is selected through simulation calculation to minimize signal loss to the greatest extent.

[0094] After setting a plurality of bumps, a reflective coating can be applied to the surfaces of the plurality of bumps.

[0095] In one operation mode, a specific reflective coating, such as an antireflection coating or an antireflection coating, can be applied to the end face of the optical fiber. These reflective coatings can effectively reduce the reflection phenomenon when the end face of the optical fiber contacts the air.

[0096] The thickness and material selection of the reflective coating can be customized according to different requirements of the working environment of the optical fiber. For example, a coating material suitable for a specific wavelength range is selected to minimize reflection loss.

[0097] Optionally, the reflective coating can be an anti-reflection coating commonly used on the end face of an optical fiber. For example, silica (SiO2) has a low refractive index and can effectively reduce reflection. It is particularly suitable for applications on the end face of an optical fiber, especially in the optical wavelength band from 800 nm to 1.5 μm.

[0098] The thickness of the anti-reflection coating is usually calculated based on the designed operating wavelength. A common designed thickness is one-quarter (λ / 4) of the operating wavelength of the optical fiber. The specific thickness formula is:

[0099]

[0100] where: λ is the operating wavelength; n coating is the refractive index of the coating material.

[0101] It should be noted that the selection of the surface coating material is crucial. Common coating materials include fluorides, silicon-based materials, and metal oxides, etc. The difference in refractive index between these materials and the refractive index of the end face of the optical fiber can effectively reduce reflection. The coating thickness is generally between a few hundred nanometers and 1 micrometer, and the specific thickness depends on the operating wavelength of the optical fiber and the characteristics of the coating material.

[0102] In addition to setting several bumps on the end face, the present invention can also introduce a special gradient refractive index design, so that the optical signal can propagate along a specific path when propagating on the end face, reducing the optical loss caused by the irregular geometry of the end face.

[0103] After optimizing the structure, the reflection and scattering when the end face of the optical fiber contacts the air interface are effectively reduced, the reflection loss at the connection is reduced, the signal transmission efficiency is improved, and the optical fiber connection loss can be reduced.

[0104] By optimizing the structure of the end face, the uniform distribution of the optical signal can be ensured, thereby improving the splitting accuracy of the optical fiber splitter. This is particularly important for the signal distribution of multimode optical fibers or high-order modes, which can reduce inter-mode interference, improve the stability and transmission quality of the optical fiber system, and improve the splitting accuracy.

[0105] Refer to Figure 2 , in a preferred operating mode, several of the bumps are symmetrically arranged with respect to the gradient refractive index optical fiber, and several of the bumps increase gradually from the center of the gradient refractive index optical fiber to the side;

[0106] wherein, the depth of each bump is determined according to the operating wavelength of the gradient refractive index optical fiber and the core refractive index of the optical fiber core. Refer to Figure 2 , each zone corresponds to the groove depth of the bump, and zone1-10 adjusts the size according to the calculation result.

[0107] Specifically, in order to calculate the groove depth of the bump, it is usually necessary to first understand the reflection characteristics of the optical signal at the fiber end face.

[0108] Referring to Figure 3 , a schematic cross-sectional view of a Fresnel fiber provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The reflection loss can be calculated by the Fresnel Equation:

[0109] When light travels from the fiber into air (or different media), the reflectivity RRR can be calculated by the following formula:

[0110]

[0111] Where: n1 is the refractive index of the fiber core, and n2 is the refractive index of the external medium (such as air), usually 1.0. The main purpose of calculating the Fresnel reflectivity is to evaluate and understand the inherent reflection loss of the fiber end face without microstructures or special coating treatments.

[0112] The groove depth of the bump is related to the target of reflection reduction and the operating wavelength of the fiber. Generally speaking, the groove depth h can be calculated from the operating wavelength of the fiber and the refractive index change, as shown in the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] Where: λ is the operating wavelength of the fiber, and n core is the refractive index of the fiber core. That is, the groove depth has a quarter relationship with the wavelength. This depth selection helps to reduce the reflection caused by the groove.

[0115] The design of the protrusion is similar to the groove depth, but it is usually used to adjust the incident angle and propagation direction of light. The bump height h 凸 can also be estimated by an empirical formula:

[0116]

[0117] It should be noted that the height of the bump is usually smaller than the groove depth to ensure better propagation of the optical signal between the fiber end face and the air interface.

[0118] Optionally, in order to ensure the optimization effect of the bump structure, the finite element method (FEM) or the optical waveguide theory can be used to simulate different-shaped microstructures and calculate the reflection and propagation characteristics of the optical signal at the end face and the air interface. Through these simulation analyses, the shape, size, and position of the bump structure can be precisely adjusted to achieve the optimal optical signal transmission effect.

[0119] By introducing bump structures at the end faces of optical fibers, the present invention can effectively solve the problems of loss and uneven optical splitting at the fiber connection, optimize the transmission path of optical signals, reduce the reflection and scattering losses of fiber connections, and improve the optical splitting accuracy of fiber optical splitters. This technology provides an effective solution for improving the performance of fiber optic communication systems, reducing signal loss, and enhancing the accuracy of optical splitters.

[0120] Meanwhile, by optimizing the asymmetric refractive index and structure, combining the two optimizations can improve the performance of fiber optical splitters under a wider range of application conditions. By controlling the mode propagation path, reducing the interference of mode coupling, improving the focusing and transmission stability of signals, and ultimately achieving efficient optical splitting of fibers.

[0121] During the use of fiber optical splitters, temperature changes often cause changes in the refractive index of optical fibers, thereby affecting the transmission quality of optical signals. For example, an increase in temperature may cause a decrease in the refractive index of the optical fiber, resulting in signal loss or unstable transmission. After optimizing and adjusting the refractive index, in order to reduce the influence brought about by temperature changes, thereby avoiding performance instability caused by temperature fluctuations. In one embodiment, the graded-index optical fiber uses temperature-compensating materials and the fiber optical splitter is provided with a thermal compensation unit.

[0122] Specifically, in order to cope with the influence of temperature changes on the performance of optical fibers, the present invention adopts special optical fiber materials with low thermal expansion coefficients and high-temperature stability. For example, silicon-based optical fibers are selected. These materials can effectively reduce the refractive index changes caused by temperature changes, thereby maintaining the stability of the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber within the temperature fluctuation range.

[0123] Refer to Figure 4 , which shows the logical structure diagram of the thermal compensation unit of the fiber optical splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, Input Fiber is the input optical fiber, GRIN Lens is the GRIN lens, Thermal Compensation is the thermal compensation unit, and Output Fiber is the output optical fiber.

[0124] In one embodiment, dedicated thermal compensation units are designed in the fiber optical splitter. These thermal compensation units can effectively disperse the thermal stress caused by temperature changes and prevent uneven refractive index changes inside the optical fiber or at the end face of the optical fiber. Common thermal compensation units include using metal frames, heat conduction materials, or multi-layer composite materials to evenly distribute and adjust the influence of temperature on the optical fiber.

[0125] Among them, as an example, after the steps of optimizing the refractive index distribution of the fiber optical splitter to obtain an adjusted optical splitter and optimizing the connection end face structure of the graded-index optical fiber connected to the adjusted optical splitter, the method further includes:

[0126] S41. Collect the temperature data of the fiber optic splitter using a temperature sensor.

[0127] S42. Adjust the refractive index distribution or the connection end face structure according to the temperature data.

[0128] During actual operation, the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor can be used to adjust the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber in real time in combination with an algorithm. By automatically adjusting the refractive index distribution inside the optical fiber or other optical fiber structure parameters, it is ensured that the performance of the optical fiber will not change significantly under temperature fluctuations. Optionally, the working state of the splitter can also be adjusted to optimize the splitting accuracy and signal stability within a specific temperature range.

[0129] Specifically, the influence of temperature change on the performance of the optical fiber can be analyzed. Among them, the relationship calculation of temperature - refractive index can use the thermo - optic coefficient (α) of the material to calculate the refractive index change Δn caused by the temperature change ΔT, as shown in the following formula:

[0130] Δn = α × ΔT

[0131] Through the above relationship, the theoretical influence of temperature fluctuations on the refractive index distribution inside the optical fiber can be provided.

[0132] By using temperature - compensating optical fiber materials and an intelligent temperature control mechanism, the present invention can monitor and compensate the influence of temperature on the performance of the optical fiber in real time. Especially in extreme temperature environments, the stability of the fiber optic splitter is significantly improved, and temperature change is no longer the main factor causing performance fluctuations.

[0133] Temperature change not only affects the refractive index of the optical fiber, but may also cause changes in the mode distribution inside the optical fiber, thereby affecting the stability and reliability of the signal. Especially under long - term temperature fluctuations, errors may occur during signal transmission, resulting in a decrease in the output signal quality of the splitter and even signal loss. Through real - time adjustment by temperature, the present invention can ensure the signal stability of the fiber optic splitter at different temperatures. The temperature sensor continuously monitors the working environment and automatically adjusts the working state of the optical fiber according to temperature changes to ensure that the optical signal transmission performance of the splitter always remains in the best state.

[0134] By adopting temperature - compensating optical fiber materials, temperature sensors and the temperature control adjustment of the above steps, the present invention effectively solves the influence of temperature fluctuations on the performance of the fiber optic splitter. It can monitor the temperature in real time and automatically adjust the working state of the optical fiber, significantly improving the stability, signal quality and environmental adaptability of the fiber optic splitter.

[0135] Furthermore, to solve the connection loss and integration problems in the fiber optic splitter, the present invention can optimize the fiber connection interface.

[0136] Reference Figure 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber connection interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, FiberEndface is the optical fiber end, Ceramic Ferrule is the precision ceramic ferrule, Alignment Sleeve is the precise alignment sleeve, Index Matching Adhesive is the matching adhesive layer, and Opposite Fiber Endface is the butt-jointed optical fiber end.

[0137] By using the above optical fiber connection interface, the number of connection points can be reduced, and low-loss materials and precise butt-joint technologies can be selected, greatly improving the performance and production efficiency of the optical fiber splitter.

[0138] Specifically, a high-precision butt-joint technology is adopted for the connection part of the optical fiber splitter. The connection end faces of the optical fiber end faces and the splitter ensure the maximization of the coupling efficiency between the optical fibers through precise butt-joint. This technology uses the laser beam butt-joint method or an automated butt-joint device to align the optical fiber end faces with the optical fiber end faces in the splitter module, ensuring the accurate position of the joint and reducing the reflection and loss at the joint.

[0139] At the same time, low-loss connection materials are used for the optical fiber connection points. Such materials have good light transmittance during connection, which can effectively reduce the reflection and attenuation at the connection. Through the special design of the butt-joint point, the light loss at the connection is reduced, and the signal transmission efficiency is improved.

[0140] In addition, the optical fiber end face can adopt precision machining technology. By using ultra-precision grinding and cutting technologies, the flatness and smoothness of the connection end face are ensured, thereby reducing the contact loss between the end faces. Usually, the end face treatment accuracy can reach the micron level or the nanometer level, ensuring the maximum light transmission efficiency of the connection part.

[0141] In a practical operation mode, the optical fiber splitter can be modularized. Specifically, the optical fiber splitter can be designed as multiple modular units, and each unit can be independently connected, adjusted, and replaced, facilitating the integration and replacement of different optical fiber components. Compatibility with other modules and the continuity of optical signal transmission are considered in the design of each module.

[0142] The modular design of the optical fiber splitter adopts standardized interface dimensions and connection methods, enabling different models of optical fiber components to be easily combined together. This design reduces the customization requirements between components in traditional splitters, helping to improve production efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs.

[0143] Meanwhile, a single connection scheme can be adopted to avoid the additional losses caused by multiple connection points in traditional optical fiber splitters. By optimizing the optical fiber connection design, the present invention reduces the number of optical fiber connection points. Especially for the splitter design of long-distance optical fiber transmission, a direct docking method is adopted to enable the optical fiber signal to be transmitted through the shortest path, avoiding the signal attenuation and reflection caused by multiple connections.

[0144] The connection structure can also be simplified. The optimized connection structure scheme adopted in the optical fiber splitter reduces complex optical fiber crossings and transfer points, making the connection of optical fibers more concise and efficient, and reducing the energy loss caused by connectors.

[0145] Through precise docking technology and an automated assembly line, while ensuring the docking accuracy of optical fibers, the production speed and stability are improved. The automated system can precisely control the pressure, angle, and position of optical fiber docking, thereby ensuring high-efficiency and low-loss optical fiber connection quality.

[0146] In addition, the optical fiber splitter adopting an integrated design can integrate more functional modules in one device, which not only reduces external connections and complexity but also improves the overall reliability and transmission performance of the system.

[0147] The present invention effectively solves the loss problem caused by multiple connection points in the optical fiber splitter through high-precision optical fiber connection technology and modular design. By reducing the number of connection points, optimizing the docking technology, and using low-loss materials, the overall performance of the system is improved. At the same time, the modular design makes the optical fiber splitter have higher flexibility and cost advantages in production, integration, and maintenance.

[0148] S12. Calculate the coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters and real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter.

[0149] After the above optimization and adjustment are completed, the geometric parameters of the adjusted splitter can be obtained, and the real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter can also be obtained.

[0150] Among them, the geometric parameters may include: the size of the optical fiber core, the size of the cladding, the core radius, and the refractive index distribution, etc. The real-time signal parameters may be the parameters monitored by sensors, including the use of built-in light intensity, mode distribution, and signal-to-noise ratio sensors, as well as the intensity and characteristics (such as phase, frequency, etc.) of the input signal. Since the optical fiber splitter can be a multimode optical fiber splitter, the transmission state data of each mode of the optical fiber splitter can be specifically obtained in real time.

[0151] In an optional embodiment, in order to accurately calculate the coupling coefficient of each mode, among which, by way of example, the calculating the coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters and real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter may include the following sub-steps:

[0152] S121. Determine the optical frequency value by using the real-time signal parameters of the adjustment optical splitter and determine the refraction perturbation value by using the geometric parameters of the connection end face structure.

[0153] S122. After determining the optical field wave functions of any two different modes, calculate the coupling coefficient by using the optical field wave functions, the refraction perturbation value and the optical frequency value.

[0154] In a multimode optical fiber, mode coupling can usually be described according to the coupled mode theory. For the coupling coefficient C i (x, y) and Ψ j (x, y) between, it can be expressed as: ij It can be expressed as:

[0155]

[0156] Where: ω is the frequency of light; Δ∈(x, y) represents the perturbation of the refractive index distribution in the optical fiber (for example, local changes caused by an asymmetric structure or a micro-structure) Ψ i (x, y) and Ψ j (x, y) are the optical field wave function distributions of modes i and j respectively; the integration range covers the entire cross-section of the optical fiber.

[0157] In practical applications, the optical fiber splitter may encounter various faults (such as signal loss, equipment damage, etc.), and these problems usually lead to a decline in the performance of the optical fiber splitter or even shutdown. Traditional equipment often requires manual intervention to resume operation, and the recovery time is relatively long. To solve the above problems, among them, by way of example, the calculating the coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters of the connection end face structure and the real-time signal parameters of the adjustment optical splitter may include the following sub-steps:

[0158] S51. After determining that the value of the real-time signal parameter is different from the preset signal threshold, generate a preliminary alarm signal and record the real-time signal parameter and the corresponding timestamp.

[0159] S52. Determine the fault type according to the abnormal value of the real-time signal parameter.

[0160] In an embodiment, the value of the real-time signal parameter can be compared with the preset signal threshold. If it is determined that the value of the real-time signal parameter is different from the preset signal threshold, a preliminary alarm signal can be generated and the real-time signal parameter and the corresponding timestamp can be recorded simultaneously.

[0161] By recording the working data, performance indicators and their change situations of the optical fiber splitter, a working log is generated for future fault analysis and maintenance. The recorded data includes information such as signal intensity, signal quality, and working environmental conditions.

[0162] At the same time, it allows data to be transmitted to the cloud platform or monitoring center through the network interface, enabling operators to view the working status of the optical fiber splitter at any time and make remote adjustments. This provides a convenient management method for the long-term operation of the device, especially in large-scale deployments, which can effectively improve management efficiency.

[0163] Among them, the set threshold can be based on the parameter range under the normal working state of the optical fiber splitter, and preset the thresholds of key indicators (for example, the light intensity is lower than the preset value, the signal-to-noise ratio drops, the temperature is abnormal, etc.).

[0164] After receiving the real-time signal parameters, preprocessing can be performed, and then the preprocessed data is compared with the set threshold. Once it is detected that a certain parameter exceeds the normal range, the fault detection mechanism is triggered. When an anomaly is detected, a preliminary alarm signal is immediately generated, and the current data and timestamp are recorded, marked as a possible fault state.

[0165] At the same time, the fault can be classified by comparing the current abnormal data with the preset fault model, for example:

[0166] Optical signal loss: It may be caused by connection breakage, fiber breakage, interface contamination or damage.

[0167] Performance degradation: It may be due to temperature fluctuations, device aging or environmental interference, resulting in signal attenuation or mode coupling imbalance.

[0168] Abnormal temperature control: Caused by temperature sensor failure or thermal compensation structure failure.

[0169] The present invention can automatically detect and diagnose when a fault occurs in the optical fiber splitter (such as optical signal loss, performance degradation, etc.). The system judges the type and location of the problem based on the monitoring data and performs real-time processing.

[0170] In addition, when a fault occurs, the optical fiber splitter can automatically switch to the standby mode to ensure continuous operation of the splitter. This mode switch usually involves enabling the standby path or quickly restoring the function through the preset working state, avoiding long-term downtime due to system failures and ensuring the high reliability and fault tolerance of the optical fiber splitter.

[0171] The reliability and stability of the device are improved through the monitoring and fault self-recovery functions, avoiding the deficiencies of manual intervention and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the optical fiber splitter. At the same time, through the real-time data recording and remote monitoring functions, the working status and performance of the device can be comprehensively monitored and managed, reducing the device failure rate and lowering the maintenance cost.

[0172] S13. Perform optimization iteration processing on the optical fiber splitter by using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters.

[0173] In one embodiment, the performance of the optical fiber splitter can be determined according to the values of the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters. If the performance does not meet the requirements, the optical fiber splitter is adjusted according to the real-time signal parameters to obtain a new coupling coefficient, and then the next optimization is carried out until the performance meets the requirements.

[0174] In one of the embodiments,

[0175] Among them, as an example, the optimization iteration process of the optical fiber splitter using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters may include the following sub-steps:

[0176] S131. Determine the error signal using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters.

[0177] S132. Determine the coupling change amount using the error signal, and perform iteration according to the coupling change amount until the coupling coefficients between different modes reach a preset target value.

[0178] In one operation mode, a target coupling distribution can be set. Specifically, the ideal values of the target energy distribution and the coupling coefficient of each mode can be set based on the application scenario.

[0179] Then, numerical simulation and calculation can be performed according to the refractive index and structure optimized previously. Specifically, the optical fiber can be simulated to solve the optical field wave function distribution Ψ i (x, y) of each mode. Then, according to the foregoing coupling coefficient formula, the coupling coefficient C ij between each mode is calculated.

[0180] Then, the coupling coefficient obtained by simulation can be combined with the signal state of the real-time signal parameters to form an error signal. The calculated error signal is converted into a specific control signal for adjusting the tunable optical element.

[0181] Through multiple closed-loop feedback iterations, the actual coupling coefficients of each mode gradually approach the target value. At the same time, the automatic adjustment can ensure that the entire system can be automatically adjusted under different working conditions and maintain the optimal state.

[0182] The adjustment method can specifically adjust the coupling coefficients of each mode dynamically by monitoring the real-time signal parameters of the optical signal in real time, including parameters such as signal intensity, mode distribution, and signal-to-noise ratio. Specifically, dynamically adjusting the coupling coefficients of each mode mainly relies on closed-loop feedback control. Using built-in optical intensity, mode distribution, and signal-to-noise ratio sensors, the real-time signal parameters of each mode are obtained in real time; the real-time signal parameters of each mode collected are analyzed, and the current actual mode energy distribution is compared with the preset target distribution. Then, the difference between the actual energy and the target energy of each mode is calculated to form an error signal, which is used to guide the adjustment direction. Finally, an adaptive algorithm (PID) is used to process the error signal, calculate the change amount of the coupling coefficient that needs to be adjusted, and then adjust the coupling coefficient according to the change amount of the coupling coefficient, and then make the next comparison, so that the final coupling coefficient can reach the preset ideal value.

[0183] The PID algorithm can be used to comprehensively adjust the coupling coefficient according to the proportional (P), integral (I), and differential (D) terms:

[0184]

[0185] where e i is the error of the i-th mode, and Δk i is the adjustment amount of the corresponding coupling coefficient, that is, the change amount of the coupling coefficient.

[0186] Through this adjustment, the optical splitter can optimize the energy distribution between modes according to environmental changes, ensuring that the signal can minimize coupling loss and interference to the greatest extent during multimode propagation.

[0187] In addition, the coupling control of each mode is realized through the following mathematical model:

[0188]

[0189] where P i (t) is the instantaneous power of mode i, P0 is the initial power, C ij is the coupling coefficient between mode i and mode j, and ΔE j (t) is the energy change amount of mode j, which reflects the dynamic adjustment of the signal.

[0190] The present invention combines the geometric structure of the optical fiber with waveguide parameters to control the interference and energy distribution between modes in real time. It can dynamically adjust the signal distribution scheme inside the optical fiber splitter according to different working environments, the intensity of the optical fiber input signal, and the optical fiber mode characteristics, thereby minimizing mode interference to the greatest extent and optimizing the transmission path of the optical signal.

[0191] At the same time, through the intelligent algorithm, the transmission path of the optical signal is adjusted in real time according to the change of the signal inside the optical fiber. The adaptive mechanism includes the following functions:

[0192] First, signal strength detection: Monitor the strength of the input signal and the attenuation of the signal during transmission in real time, and automatically adjust the mode coupling degree in the optical splitter according to the detection results to ensure uniform signal distribution.

[0193] Second, mode interference adjustment: By calculating the interference degree between current modes, dynamically adjust the coupling coefficient between modes to avoid the interference of high-order modes on low-order modes, thereby improving the transmission quality of the signal.

[0194] To optimize the signal transmission effect, a feedback mechanism is set in the optical splitter. This mechanism can feedback the actual state of the signal during transmission (such as transmission rate, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, etc.), and further adjust the mode coupling and energy distribution according to the actual state of the signal during transmission to ensure stable transmission of the optical signal under different working environments.

[0195] In traditional optical fiber splitters, due to the coupling between different modes, especially the interference between high-order modes and low-order modes, signal distortion is likely to occur, affecting the transmission accuracy of optical signals. The traditional fixed mode coupling method cannot adapt to complex working environments and changes in input signals, resulting in a decline in signal quality, especially obvious in high-precision applications. The present invention significantly reduces the interference between modes and signal distortion through precise dynamic mode coupling control and adaptation, and adjusts the coupling coefficient between modes in real time. The dynamic control can flexibly adjust the working state of the optical fiber according to changes in different input signals and working environments, thereby minimizing the mutual interference between modes to the greatest extent and ensuring high-precision signal splitting and stable signal output.

[0196] With the increasing demand for high-bandwidth and high-precision optical signal transmission, the traditional fixed mode distribution method can no longer meet these requirements. For high-precision applications such as high-frequency communication and precision measurement, optical fiber splitters must have high bandwidth and stable signal output, and these requirements are usually difficult to achieve through traditional technologies. The dynamic control in the present invention can adjust the working state of the optical fiber in real time according to different working conditions (such as signal strength, input mode distribution, environmental temperature, etc.) and optimize the signal transmission path. This dynamically adaptive mode coupling control not only effectively improves the bandwidth performance of the optical fiber splitter, but also ensures that the signal always remains stable under high-precision and high-bandwidth transmission requirements, meeting the technical requirements in future communication and precision measurement and other fields.

[0197] By adopting intelligent mode coupling and interference control technology, the present invention can not only greatly reduce the interference between modes, but also optimize the optical signal transmission path in real time according to different working environments and the characteristics of input signals. This dynamic adjustment ability solves the deficiencies of traditional optical splitters under high-precision and high-bandwidth requirements, significantly improves the performance and adaptability of fiber optic splitters, and provides a more stable and efficient technical solution for future high-precision communication and optical signal processing applications.

[0198] In this embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication optimization method for a fiber optic splitter, and its beneficial effect is that: the present invention can adjust the asymmetric refractive index distribution and the structure of the fiber optic ports, then calculate the coupling coefficients of different modes of the adjusted fiber optic splitter, and optimize the fiber optic splitter according to the coupling coefficients and the real-time communication parameters of the fiber optic splitter, so that the coupling coefficients of different modes of the fiber optic splitter fit the actual requirements, so as to reduce the influence of signal distortion and attenuation during coupling, thereby improving the accuracy of the signal.

[0199] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a communication optimization device for a fiber optic splitter, see Figure 6 , which shows the structural schematic diagram of a communication optimization device for a fiber optic splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0200] Among them, by way of example, the communication optimization device of the fiber optic splitter may include:

[0201] An adjustment module 201, configured to optimize the refractive index distribution and the connection end face structure of the fiber optic splitter to obtain an adjusted splitter, where the connection end face structure is the structure of the connection end face of the graded-index fiber connected to the fiber optic splitter;

[0202] A coefficient module 202, configured to calculate the coupling coefficients between different modes according to the geometric parameters and real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter;

[0203] An optimization module 203, configured to perform an optimization iteration process on the fiber optic splitter by using the coupling coefficients and the real-time signal parameters.

[0204] Optionally, the optimization operation of the refractive index distribution includes:

[0205] Calculate the refractive index distribution constant of the fiber optic splitter in the graded-index fiber and the fiber parameters of the graded-index fiber;

[0206] Use the refractive index distribution constant and the fiber parameters to set an asymmetric refractive index distribution model;

[0207] Adjust the control parameters and refractive index distribution constant of the asymmetric refractive index distribution to optimize the refractive index distribution of the fiber optic splitter.

[0208] Optionally, the optimization operation of the connection end face structure includes:

[0209] Setting a plurality of bumps on the end face of the gradient refractive index fiber connected to the adjustment optical splitter;

[0210] Coating a reflective coating on the surfaces of the plurality of bumps.

[0211] Optionally, the plurality of bumps are symmetrically arranged with the gradient refractive index fiber as the center, and the plurality of bumps increase gradually from the center of the gradient refractive index fiber to the side;

[0212] Wherein, the depth of each bump is determined according to the working wavelength of the gradient refractive index fiber and the core refractive index of the fiber core.

[0213] Optionally, calculating the coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters and real-time signal parameters of the adjustment optical splitter includes:

[0214] Determining the optical frequency value by using the real-time signal parameters of the adjustment optical splitter and determining the refractive perturbation value by using the geometric parameters of the connection end face structure;

[0215] After determining the optical field wave functions of any two different modes, calculating the coupling coefficient by using the optical field wave functions, the refractive perturbation value and the optical frequency value.

[0216] Optionally, performing an optimization iteration process on the fiber optic splitter by using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters includes:

[0217] Determining an error signal by using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters;

[0218] Determining the coupling change amount by using the error signal and performing iteration according to the coupling change amount until the coupling coefficient between different modes reaches a preset target value.

[0219] Optionally, the gradient refractive index fiber uses a temperature compensation material and the fiber optic splitter is provided with a thermal compensation unit;

[0220] The device further includes:

[0221] A temperature acquisition module for collecting temperature data of the fiber optic splitter by using a temperature sensor;

[0222] A temperature adjustment module for adjusting the refractive index distribution or the connection end face structure according to the temperature data.

[0223] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0224] An alarm module, configured to generate a preliminary alarm signal and record the real-time signal parameters and the corresponding timestamps after determining that the value of the real-time signal parameters is different from the preset signal threshold;

[0225] A fault type module, configured to determine the fault type according to the abnormal value of the real-time signal parameters.

[0226] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a communication optimization system for an optical fiber splitter. Refer to Figure 7 , which shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication optimization system for an optical fiber splitter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0227] Among them, by way of example, the communication optimization system for the optical fiber splitter may include:

[0228] A sensor network and data acquisition unit, configured to monitor the optical signal intensity to monitor the communication parameters of the optical fiber splitter in real time;

[0229] An adaptive mode coupling unit, configured to automatically adjust the mode coupling degree in the optical fiber splitter according to the communication parameters and calculate the interference degree of the current mode of the optical fiber splitter according to the communication parameters, where the communication parameters include the intensity of the input signal of the optical fiber splitter and the signal attenuation parameter during the transmission process;

[0230] An intelligent temperature control unit, configured to use the data collected by the temperature sensor to adjust the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber in real time;

[0231] A fault self-recovery unit, configured to perform fault monitoring, automatic diagnosis, and fault mode recognition.

[0232] By combining the geometric structure of the optical fiber and the waveguide parameters, the adaptive mode coupling unit can dynamically adjust the signal distribution scheme inside the optical fiber splitter according to different working environments, the intensity of the optical fiber input signal, and the optical fiber mode characteristics, so as to minimize mode interference and optimize the optical signal transmission path.

[0233] The adaptive mode coupling unit dynamically adjusts the coupling coefficients of each mode by real-time monitoring the transmission state of the optical signal, including parameters such as signal intensity, mode distribution, and signal-to-noise ratio. Through this adjustment, the optical fiber splitter can optimize the energy distribution between modes according to environmental changes, ensuring that the signal can minimize coupling loss and interference during multimode propagation.

[0234] The coupling algorithm of the adaptive mode coupling unit calculates the coupling coefficient in real time based on the intensity and characteristics (such as phase, frequency, etc.) of the input signal, and adjusts the mode distribution of the optical fiber according to the calculation results. This algorithm is optimized in combination with the geometric parameters of the optical fiber (such as refractive index distribution, core radius, etc.) and working conditions (such as environmental temperature, optical fiber load, etc.). The specific optimization process can refer to the communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter in the above embodiment.

[0235] The coupling control of the adaptive mode coupling unit is achieved through the following mathematical model:

[0236]

[0237] Where, P i (t) is the instantaneous power of mode i, P0 is the initial power, C ij is the coupling coefficient between mode i and mode j, and ΔE j (t) is the energy change of mode j, which reflects the dynamic adjustment of the signal.

[0238] The adaptive mode coupling unit adjusts the transmission path of the optical signal in real time according to the change of the signal inside the optical fiber through an intelligent algorithm. The adaptive mechanism includes the following functions:

[0239] First, signal intensity detection: Real-time monitor the intensity of the input signal and the attenuation of the signal during transmission, and automatically adjust the mode coupling degree in the splitter according to the detection results to ensure uniform signal distribution.

[0240] Second, mode interference adjustment: By calculating the interference degree between current modes, dynamically adjust the coupling coefficient between modes to avoid the interference of high-order modes on low-order modes, thereby improving the transmission quality of the signal.

[0241] In order to optimize the signal transmission effect, a feedback mechanism is set in the optical fiber splitter. This mechanism feeds back the actual state of the signal during transmission (such as transmission rate, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, etc.) to the control system, and further adjusts the mode coupling and energy distribution to ensure stable transmission of the optical signal under different working environments.

[0242] The intelligent temperature control unit can use the data collected by the temperature sensor and adjust the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber in real time in combination with the algorithm. By automatically adjusting the refractive index distribution inside the optical fiber or other optical fiber structure parameters, it ensures that the performance of the optical fiber will not change significantly under temperature fluctuations. The intelligent temperature control unit can also adjust the working state of the splitter to optimize the splitting accuracy and signal stability within a specific temperature range.

[0243] The communication optimization system of the fiber optic splitter of the present invention can monitor the working state of the fiber optic splitter in real time, and automatically adjust the working parameters of the splitter according to the real-time signal changes, ensuring that it can operate stably and efficiently in different working environments.

[0244] The communication optimization system of the fiber optic splitter further includes a sensor network and data acquisition unit, an adaptive mode coupling unit, and a fault self-recovery unit.

[0245] The sensor network and data acquisition unit can monitor the optical signal intensity: By using high-precision optical sensors to monitor the optical signal intensity at the input and output ends of the fiber optic splitter in real time, the stability and balance of signal transmission are ensured. The sensors can capture the minute changes of the optical signal within the splitter, including problems such as signal attenuation, distortion, or aberration.

[0246] The sensor network and data acquisition unit can perform quality detection and feedback mechanism: In addition to intensity monitoring, the system can also detect signal quality (such as bit error rate, phase deviation, etc.), and dynamically adjust the working parameters of the splitter through the feedback mechanism to ensure that the signal quality is maintained in the best state.

[0247] The adaptive mode coupling unit can perform real-time mode optimization: The adaptive control system dynamically optimizes the working mode of the fiber optic splitter according to the optical signal data fed back by the sensors. The algorithm can analyze the coupling situation between different modes, the energy transmission efficiency, and adjust parameters such as the refractive index distribution and mode allocation in real time, maximizing the transmission efficiency of the optical signal and avoiding interference and loss between modes.

[0248] The adaptive mode coupling unit can perform adaptive signal allocation: According to the current working environment of the fiber optic splitter (such as temperature, humidity changes, etc.), the system can intelligently adjust the signal allocation method. By adjusting the transmission ratio of each mode, it ensures that the splitter can provide high-precision signal allocation in different environments.

[0249] The fault self-recovery unit can perform fault monitoring and automatic diagnosis: The adaptive control system integrates a fault monitoring module, which can automatically detect and diagnose when a fault occurs in the fiber optic splitter (such as optical signal loss, performance degradation, etc.). The system judges the type and location of the problem based on the monitoring data and performs real-time processing.

[0250] Among them, fault detection can include setting thresholds. Specifically, according to the parameter range of the fiber optic splitter in the normal working state, thresholds of key indicators can be preset (for example, the light intensity is lower than the preset value, the signal-to-noise ratio decreases, the temperature is abnormal, etc.).

[0251] Then, real-time comparison can be carried out: Compare the preprocessed sensor data with the set thresholds. Once it is detected that a certain parameter exceeds the normal range, the fault detection mechanism is triggered.

[0252] Among them, the fault detection mechanism can give a preliminary fault alarm. Specifically, when an abnormality is detected, the system immediately generates a preliminary alarm signal, records the current data and timestamp, and marks it as a possible fault state.

[0253] At the same time, it can also identify the fault mode. Specifically, the fault can be classified by comparing the current abnormal data with the preset fault model:

[0254] Loss of optical signal: It may be caused by a broken connection, a broken optical fiber, contaminated or damaged interfaces.

[0255] Performance degradation: It may be due to temperature fluctuations, device aging, or environmental interference, resulting in signal attenuation or mode coupling imbalance.

[0256] Abnormal temperature control: It is caused by a malfunction of the temperature sensor or the failure of the thermal compensation structure.

[0257] The fault self - recovery unit can perform standby mode switching: When a fault occurs, the control system can automatically switch to the standby mode to ensure the continuous operation of the optical splitter. This mode switching usually involves enabling the standby path or quickly restoring the function through the preset working state, avoiding long - term downtime caused by system failures and ensuring the high reliability and fault tolerance of the system.

[0258] The fault self - recovery unit can also record real - time data: The control system can record the working data, performance indicators of the optical fiber splitter and their changes, generate a work log for future fault analysis and maintenance. The recorded data includes information such as signal strength, signal quality, and working environmental conditions.

[0259] The fault self - recovery unit can also perform remote monitoring and adjustment: It integrates the remote monitoring function, allowing data to be transmitted to the cloud platform or monitoring center through the network interface. Operators can view the working status of the optical fiber splitter at any time and perform remote adjustment. This provides a convenient management method for the long - term operation of the device. Especially in large - scale deployments, it can effectively improve the management efficiency.

[0260] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience of description and simplicity, the specific working process of the above - described device can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment and will not be elaborated here.

[0261] Furthermore, the embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter as described in the above - mentioned embodiment.

[0262] Further, an embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer-executable program for causing a computer to execute the communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter as described in the above embodiment.

[0263] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper" and "lower" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. When an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "above" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can also be an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" or "above" another element, there is no intermediate element. It should also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "under" or "below" another element, it can be directly under or below the other element or there can also be an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as being "directly under" or "below" another element, there is no intermediate element. Unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0264] Those skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of the present application can also provide a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0265] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), apparatuses and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate for realizing the processFigure 1 means for the functions specified in one or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 or boxes.

[0266] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured article including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in the process Figure 1 one or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 or boxes.

[0267] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are performed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide for implementing the functions specified in the process Figure 1 one or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 or boxes.

[0268] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A communication optimization method for an optical fiber splitter, characterized in that, The method includes: Optimizing the refractive index distribution and the connection end face structure of the optical fiber splitter to obtain an adjusted splitter, wherein the connection end face structure is the structure of the connection end face of the graded-index optical fiber connected to the optical fiber splitter; Calculating the coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters and real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter; Performing an optimization iteration process on the optical fiber splitter by using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters.

2. The communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter according to claim 1, wherein, The optimization operation of the refractive index distribution includes: Calculating the refractive index distribution constant of the optical fiber splitter in the graded-index optical fiber and the optical fiber parameters of the graded-index optical fiber; Setting an asymmetric refractive index distribution model by using the refractive index distribution constant and the optical fiber parameters; Adjusting the control parameters and the refractive index distribution constant of the asymmetric refractive index distribution to optimize the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber splitter.

3. The communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter according to claim 1, characterized in that The optimization operation of the connection end face structure includes: Setting a plurality of bumps on the end face of the graded-index optical fiber connected to the adjusted splitter; Coating a reflective coating on the surfaces of the plurality of bumps.

4. The communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of bumps are symmetrically arranged with the graded-index optical fiber as the center, and the plurality of bumps increase gradually from the center of the graded-index optical fiber to the side; Wherein, the depth of each bump is determined according to the working wavelength of the graded-index optical fiber and the core refractive index of the fiber core.

5. The communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The calculating the coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters and real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter includes: Determining the optical frequency value by using the real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter and determining the refractive perturbation value by using the geometric parameters of the connection end face structure; After determining the optical field wave functions of any two different modes, calculating the coupling coefficient by using the optical field wave functions, the refractive perturbation value and the optical frequency value.

6. The communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The performing an optimization iteration process on the optical fiber splitter by using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters includes: Determining an error signal by using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters; Determining a coupling change amount by using the error signal and performing iteration according to the coupling change amount until the coupling coefficient between different modes reaches a preset target value.

7. The communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The graded-index optical fiber adopts a temperature-compensated material and the optical fiber splitter is provided with a thermal compensation unit; The method further includes: Collecting the temperature data of the optical fiber splitter by using a temperature sensor; Adjusting the refractive index distribution or the connection end face structure according to the temperature data.

8. The communication optimization method of the optical fiber splitter according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method further includes: After determining that the value of the real-time signal parameter is different from a preset signal threshold, generating a preliminary alarm signal and recording the real-time signal parameter and the corresponding timestamp; Determining the fault type according to the abnormal value of the real-time signal parameter.

9. A communication optimization device for an optical fiber splitter, characterized in that, The device includes: An adjustment module, configured to optimize the refractive index distribution and the connection end face structure of the optical fiber splitter to obtain an adjusted splitter, wherein the connection end face structure is the structure of the connection end face of the graded-index optical fiber connected to the optical fiber splitter; A coefficient module, configured to calculate the coupling coefficient between different modes according to the geometric parameters and real-time signal parameters of the adjusted splitter; An optimization module, configured to perform an optimization iteration process on the optical fiber splitter by using the coupling coefficient and the real-time signal parameters.

10. A communication optimization system for an optical fiber splitter, characterized in that, The system includes: A sensor network and a data acquisition unit, which are used to monitor the optical signal intensity to monitor the communication parameters of the optical fiber splitter in real time; An adaptive mode coupling unit, which is used to automatically adjust the mode coupling degree in the optical fiber splitter according to the communication parameters and calculate the interference degree of the current mode of the optical fiber splitter according to the communication parameters. The communication parameters include the intensity of the input signal of the optical fiber splitter and the signal attenuation parameters during the transmission process; An intelligent temperature control unit, which is used to collect data using a temperature sensor and adjust the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber in real time; A fault self-recovery unit, which is used to perform fault monitoring, automatic diagnosis, and fault mode recognition.

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