Multi-stack common rail fuel cell anode gas supply device and control method and control equipment thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-stack common rail fuel cell anode gas supply device and a control method and control equipment thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The device comprises a first pressure equalizing cavity, a second pressure equalizing cavity, at least two ejectors, at least two ejectors and at least two electric piles, the input end of the first pressure equalizing cavity is used for receiving hydrogen, and the output end of the first pressure equalizing cavity is connected with the input ends of the at least two ejectors; the output ends of the at least two ejectors are connected with the first input ends of the at least two ejectors in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the output ends of the at least two ejectors are connected with the anode input ends of the at least two electric piles in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the anode output ends of the at least two electric piles are connected with the input end of the second pressure equalizing cavity. And the output end of the second pressure equalizing cavity is connected with the second input ends of the at least two ejectors. According to the invention, the common rail of hydrogen supplied to each galvanic pile is uniform, and stable operation of each galvanic pile is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly to a multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device, its control method, and control equipment. Background Art

[0002] In the design of multi-stack fuel cell systems for vehicle applications, a hydrogen supply solution that combines an ejector and an injector has been proposed. The hydrogen supply device designed in this way is smaller in volume and does not generate additional parasitic power. However, there are still problems to be improved, such as serious redundancy and difficulty in controlling the air source distribution balance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main purpose of this application is to propose a multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device, its control method, and control equipment, which can make the hydrogen common-rail supplied to each stack uniform and ensure the stable operation of each stack.

[0004] To achieve the above object, on the one hand, this application proposes a multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device, which includes a first pressure equalizing chamber, a second pressure equalizing chamber, at least two injectors, at least two ejectors, and at least two fuel cell stacks; The input end of the first pressure equalizing chamber is used to receive hydrogen. The output end of the first pressure equalizing chamber is connected to the input ends of the at least two injectors. The output ends of the at least two injectors are connected to the first input ends of the at least two ejectors in a one-to-one correspondence. The output ends of the at least two ejectors are connected to the anode input ends of the at least two fuel cell stacks in a one-to-one correspondence. The anode output ends of the at least two fuel cell stacks are all connected to the input end of the second pressure equalizing chamber. The output end of the second pressure equalizing chamber is connected to the second input ends of the at least two ejectors.

[0005] Further, the device further includes a gas-liquid separator and a nitrogen and water discharge valve; The input end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the output end of the second pressure equalizing chamber. The first output end of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the second input ends of the at least two ejectors. The second output end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the atmospheric environment through the nitrogen and water discharge valve.

[0006] Further, the device further includes a hydrogen cylinder and a pressure reducing valve. The output end of the hydrogen cylinder is connected to the input end of the first pressure equalizing chamber through the pressure reducing valve.

[0007] To achieve the above object, on the other hand, this application proposes a control method applied to the above multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device. The control method includes: Obtain the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of each fuel cell stack at the current moment, and then select the fuel cell stack with the smallest actual hydrogen-air pressure difference from each fuel cell stack and define it as the target fuel cell stack; Obtain the working current of the target stack at the current moment to determine a reference control signal; Determine a deviation value according to a preset target hydrogen-air pressure difference and the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of the target stack at the current moment; Compensate the reference control signal according to the deviation value to obtain a final control signal; Adjust the operating states of the ejectors according to the final control signal.

[0008] Further, the compensating the reference control signal according to the deviation value to obtain a final control signal includes: If the current moment is a moment close to when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device is about to perform a nitrogen and water discharge operation once, determine a first compensation signal according to the deviation value and the anode pressure change value of the target stack in a historical time period; wherein, the historical time period is formed from the moment when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device starts to perform the most recent nitrogen and water discharge operation to the moment when the most recent nitrogen and water discharge operation ends; Add the reference control signal and the first compensation signal to obtain the final control signal.

[0009] Further, the anode pressure change value of the target stack in the historical time period is obtained by the following method: Obtain the anode pressure of the target stack at a first historical moment and the anode pressure at a second historical moment, where the first historical moment is the start moment of the historical time period and the second historical moment is the end moment of the historical time period; Subtract the anode pressure of the target stack at the second historical moment from the anode pressure at the first historical moment to obtain the anode pressure change value of the target stack in the historical time period.

[0010] Further, the determining a first compensation signal according to the deviation value and the anode pressure change value of the target stack in the historical time period includes: Add the deviation value and the anode pressure change value of the target stack in the historical time period, and then determine the first compensation signal according to the addition result.

[0011] Further, the compensating the reference control signal according to the deviation value to obtain a final control signal includes: If the current moment is not a moment close to when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device is about to perform a nitrogen and water discharge operation once, determine a second compensation signal according to the deviation value; Add the reference control signal and the second compensation signal to obtain the final control signal.

[0012] To achieve the above object, another aspect of the present application provides a control device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the above control method is implemented.

[0013] To achieve the above object, another aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, which includes the above multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device and the above control device.

[0014] The present application has at least the following beneficial effects: The multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device proposed in the present application realizes high integration and simplicity. By setting the first pressure equalization chamber to buffer the received hydrogen and reduce the pressure fluctuation and then output it to each injector, the pressure in the high-pressure area of each injector is the same, which is beneficial to promoting the uniformity of the hydrogen common rail supplied to each fuel cell stack. And when there is a pressure difference inside the fuel cell stack, the second pressure equalization chamber can be used for mutual air replenishment to ensure the stable operation of each fuel cell stack. By using the minimum actual hydrogen-air pressure difference as the control feedback signal to adjust the anode gas supply amount of each fuel cell stack, it can ensure that the relatively gas-deficient fuel cell stack is guaranteed gas supply, while the fuel cell stack with relatively sufficient gas supply uses the second pressure equalization chamber for gas supply reflux to fully ensure gas supply safety, thereby avoiding the uneven distribution of the gas source in the device. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural composition diagram of a multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic flowchart of a control method applied to a multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic hardware structure diagram of a control device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed Embodiments

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the embodiments of the present application. They are only examples of systems and methods that are consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of the present application detailed in the appended claims.

[0017] It can be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. used in this application may be used herein to describe various concepts, but unless otherwise specified, these concepts are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one concept from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Depending on the context, words such as "if", "when" used herein may be interpreted as "when...", "while...", or "in response to determining".

[0018] The terms "at least one", "a plurality of", "each", "any one", etc. used in this application, at least one includes one, two or more than two, a plurality of includes two or more than two, each refers to each of the corresponding plurality, and any one refers to any one of the plurality.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0020] With the popularization of fuel cell technology in high-power application scenarios such as heavy-duty transportation and distributed power generation, it has become difficult for the output voltage and power output of a fuel cell system composed of a single stack to meet the actual requirements. Currently, there are the following two main technical routes to improve the system power: The first is to achieve a breakthrough at the stack level, that is, by optimizing the stack structure, developing high-performance materials, increasing the active area of a single cell, increasing the number of single cells, etc. However, achieving a breakthrough in material performance requires technological iteration and verification and cannot be quickly realized in the short term. The method of increasing the active area of a single cell is limited by the actual application scenario, and there are also limitations in the water and heat management of the stack; The second is to achieve a breakthrough at the system level, that is, to adopt the form of multi-stack series or multi-stack parallel connection, which can directly increase the total system power.

[0021] In the design of a multi-stack fuel cell system for vehicle applications, not only system performance requirements such as power and efficiency need to be considered, but also factors such as system volume, mass, cost, disassembly and assembly, and safety should be taken into account. Therefore, the system should have the characteristics of integration and modularity, which requires that each functional subsystem be as integrated and concise as possible.

[0022] The anode gas supply device of an in-vehicle multi-stack fuel cell system is usually designed in a circulating manner, which can significantly improve the system efficiency and save hydrogen consumption. The hydrogen supply scheme combining an ejector and an injector has received increasing attention. Thanks to this design, the hydrogen supply device is smaller in volume and does not generate additional parasitic power, making it more suitable for in-vehicle systems. However, the currently designed hydrogen supply device has problems such as serious redundancy and difficulty in controlling the gas source distribution balance, which need to be further improved.

[0023] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a multi-stack common rail fuel cell anode gas supply device, its control method, and control equipment. In this device, after the received hydrogen is cached and the pressure fluctuation is reduced in the first pressure equalizing chamber and then output to each injector, the pressure in the high-pressure area of each injector is the same, which is conducive to making the hydrogen common rail supplied to each fuel cell stack uniform. And when there is an air pressure difference inside the fuel cell stack, mutual air supplement can be carried out through the provided second pressure equalizing chamber to ensure the stable operation of each fuel cell stack. In addition, the entire device can achieve high integration and simplicity. In this control method, by using the smallest actual hydrogen-air pressure difference as the control feedback signal to adjust the anode gas supply amount of each fuel cell stack, it can ensure that the relatively hydrogen-deficient fuel cell stack is guaranteed gas supply, while the fuel cell stack with relatively sufficient gas supply uses the second pressure equalizing chamber for gas supply reflux to fully ensure gas supply safety, thereby avoiding the situation of uneven gas source distribution in the device.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of an optional structural composition of a multi-stack common rail fuel cell anode gas supply device provided by the embodiments of the present application. The device includes a first pressure equalizing chamber 110, a second pressure equalizing chamber 120, an injector 130, an ejector 140, and a fuel cell stack 150. Among them, the number of injectors 130, ejectors 140, and fuel cell stacks 150 is at least two and they are mutually adapted in number to ensure that each fuel cell stack 150 included in the device is correspondingly configured with an injector 130 and an ejector 140 required for supplying hydrogen.

[0025] The input end of the first pressure equalizing chamber 110 is used to receive hydrogen, and the output end of the first pressure equalizing chamber 110 is connected to the input ends of at least two injectors 130. After the received hydrogen is cached and the pressure fluctuation is reduced in the first pressure equalizing chamber 110 and then output to each injector 130, the first pressure equalizing chamber 110 can maintain the internal hydrogen pressure at about 15 bar, which not only ensures the stable operation of each injector 130 but also makes the pressure in the high-pressure area of each injector 130 the same, which is conducive to making the hydrogen common rail supplied to each fuel cell stack 150 uniform.

[0026] The output ends of at least two injectors 130 are connected to the first input ends of at least two ejectors 140 in a one-to-one correspondence. The output ends of at least two ejectors 140 are connected to the anode input ends of at least two fuel cells 150 in a one-to-one correspondence. The anode output ends of at least two fuel cells 150 are all connected to the input end of the second pressure equalizing chamber 120. The output end of the second pressure equalizing chamber 120 is connected to the second input ends of at least two ejectors 140, so as to realize parallel gas supply among the fuel cells 150. By collecting the unreacted hydrogen inside the anode outputs of the fuel cells 150 through the second pressure equalizing chamber 120 and then rebalancing and returning it to each ejector 140, the recycling of hydrogen resources can be realized. For the injector 130 and the ejector 140 configured for a certain fuel cell 150, the ejector 140 outputs the primary flow hydrogen provided by the injector 130 and the secondary reflux hydrogen provided by the second pressure equalizing chamber 120 to the fuel cell 150 for an electrochemical reaction, which is beneficial to ensuring sufficient hydrogen flow inside the fuel cell 150 and improving the performance of the fuel cell 150.

[0027] It should be noted that the fuel cells 150 can be started and operated in an electrical parallel or electrical series manner. In this application, a corresponding gas supply control method is mainly proposed for the fuel cells 150 connected in electrical series.

[0028] As an improved embodiment, the device further includes a gas-water separator 160 and a nitrogen and water discharge valve 170. The input end of the gas-water separator 160 is connected to the output end of the second pressure equalizing chamber 120. The first output end of the gas-water separator 160 is connected to the second input ends of at least two ejectors 140. The second output end of the gas-water separator 160 is communicated with the atmospheric environment through the nitrogen and water discharge valve 170. By first transmitting the secondary reflux hydrogen provided by the second pressure equalizing chamber 120 to the gas-water separator 160 for liquid water removal and then transmitting it to each ejector 140, the working load of each ejector 140 can be avoided. And considering that if the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 150 contains liquid water, it will hinder the gas diffusion layer inside the fuel cell 150. By means of the gas-water separator 160, it is beneficial to improve the working performance of the fuel cell 150. By setting a normally closed nitrogen and water discharge valve 170 to perform nitrogen and water discharge operations in a timely manner, the excessive accumulation of nitrogen and moisture can be prevented from affecting the performance of the fuel cell.

[0029] In some embodiments, the device further includes a hydrogen cylinder 180 and a pressure reducing valve 190, and the output end of the hydrogen cylinder 180 is connected to the input end of the first pressure equalizing chamber 110 through the pressure reducing valve 190. Considering that the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen cylinder 180 is usually in a high-pressure state, the pressure of the hydrogen output from the hydrogen cylinder 180 can be reduced to a safe pressure range suitable for the stable operation of each fuel cell 150 through the pressure reducing valve 190, and because the pressure reducing valve 190 needs to be adjusted in real time according to the gas consumption of the fuel cell, the hydrogen output through the pressure reducing valve 190 has pressure fluctuations, and the first pressure equalizing chamber 110 needs to be used to buffer such fluctuating airflow.

[0030] In some embodiments, a pressure sensor is provided at the anode input end of each battery stack 150 to collect the anode pressure of each battery stack 150, and a pressure sensor is provided at the cathode input end of each battery stack 150 to collect the cathode pressure of each battery stack 150. Since each battery stack 150 is started and operated by electrical series connection, the working current of each battery stack 150 is the same. A current sensor is connected between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of any battery stack 150 to collect the working current of the battery stack 150.

[0031] It should be noted that for every two devices that are connected in the apparatus, the two devices can be connected through a pipeline, and metal pipelines, composite pipelines, flexible hoses, etc. can be selected according to the actual application scenario. This application does not limit this.

[0032] In the present application, the above-mentioned multi-stack common rail fuel cell anode gas supply device has a mutually coupled gas supply structure, but because the anode pressure of the fuel cell stack is not completely independently controlled by the corresponding injector, if the gas supply of each fuel cell stack is independently controlled, not only the implementation effect is poor, but also the situation will be worse when dealing with occasional disturbances such as flooding, thereby affecting the stable operation of each fuel cell stack. For this reason, a control method applied to the above-mentioned multi-stack common rail fuel cell anode gas supply device is proposed, mainly to achieve unified adjustment of the operating state of each injector.

[0033] The control method provided by the embodiment of the present application for the above-mentioned multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device relates to the technical field of fuel cells and can be applied to a terminal, a server, or software running on a terminal or a server. In some embodiments, the terminal may be a smart phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a smart speaker, a smart watch, a vehicle-mounted terminal, etc., but is not limited thereto; the server side may be configured as an independent physical server, or may be configured as a server cluster or a distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or may be configured as a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communications, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN, and big data and artificial intelligence platforms. The server may also be a node server in a blockchain network; the software may be an application implementing the above control method, etc., but is not limited to the above forms.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 FIG. is an optional flowchart of the control method provided by the embodiment of the present application for the above-mentioned multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device. The control method may but is not limited to include the following steps S210 to S250: Step S210: Obtain the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of each fuel cell stack at the current moment, and then screen out the fuel cell stack with the smallest actual hydrogen-air pressure difference from each fuel cell stack and define it as the target fuel cell stack; Step S220: Obtain the working current of the target fuel cell stack at the current moment to determine the reference control signal; Step S230: Determine the deviation value according to the preset target hydrogen-air pressure difference and the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of the target fuel cell stack at the current moment; Step S240: Compensate the reference control signal according to the deviation value to obtain the final control signal; Step S250: Adjust the operating state of each injector according to the final control signal.

[0035] Steps S210 to S250 illustrated in the embodiment of the present application can ensure that the relatively gas-starved fuel cell stack is provided with gas supply guarantee by using the smallest actual hydrogen-air pressure difference as the control feedback signal to adjust the anode gas supply of each fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack with relatively sufficient gas supply uses the second pressure equalizing chamber for gas supply reflux to fully ensure gas supply safety, thereby avoiding the uneven distribution of gas sources in the above-mentioned multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device.

[0036] In step S210 of some embodiments, regarding the step of obtaining the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of each stack at the current moment, the corresponding implementation process may include but is not limited to: obtaining the anode pressure and cathode pressure of each stack at the current moment, and then subtracting the anode pressure and cathode pressure of each stack at the current moment to obtain the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of each stack at the current moment, providing data support for further adjusting the anode gas supply of each stack by screening out the smallest actual hydrogen-air pressure difference.

[0037] In step S220 of some embodiments, regarding the determination method of the reference control signal, it may include but is not limited to: determining the corresponding reference control signal by looking up a chart according to the working current of the target stack at the current moment.

[0038] Specifically, obtain the MAP chart obtained by pre-experimentally calibrating the above-mentioned multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device. The abscissa of the MAP chart is the working current of the stack, and the ordinate is the duty cycle of the injector. By matching the duty cycle of the injector corresponding to the working current of the target stack at the current moment in the MAP chart, and then generating the corresponding reference control signal output according to the matched duty cycle of the injector. The reference control signal is actually a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal.

[0039] Optionally, regarding the experimental calibration method of the above-mentioned multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device, it is specifically manifested as: since each stack is started and operated in an electrically series manner, the working currents of each stack are the same. Obtain the duty cycle of the injector configured when any stack operates stably at several different working currents through a steady-state experiment, thereby obtaining several groups of experimental data. Each group of experimental data includes the working current of the stack and the duty cycle of the injector configured for it, and then generate a MAP chart using several groups of experimental data.

[0040] In step S230 of some embodiments, subtract the preset target hydrogen-air pressure difference from the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of the target stack at the current moment to obtain a deviation value.

[0041] In some embodiments, step S240 may include but is not limited to the following steps S310 to S320: Step S310: If the current moment is close to the time when the above-mentioned multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device is about to perform a nitrogen and water discharge operation, determine a first compensation signal according to the deviation value and the anode pressure change value of the target stack in the historical time period. Step S320: Add the reference control signal and the first compensation signal to obtain a final control signal.

[0042] In the above step S310, the current moment is the moment approaching when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device is about to perform a nitrogen and water drainage operation. It can be understood that: the length of the time period formed by the current moment and the start moment when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device is about to perform a nitrogen and water drainage operation is a preset value, and this preset value is preferably set to 1 second.

[0043] In the above step S310, the anode pressure change value of the target stack in the historical time period can be calculated in, but not limited to, the following way: obtain the anode pressure of the target stack at the first historical moment and the anode pressure of the target stack at the second historical moment, and then subtract the anode pressure of the target stack at the first historical moment from the anode pressure of the target stack at the second historical moment, and the anode pressure change value of the target stack in the historical time period can be obtained.

[0044] Among them, the historical time period is formed by the moment when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device starts to perform the most recent nitrogen and water drainage operation to the moment when it ends the most recent nitrogen and water drainage operation. The first historical moment is the start moment of the historical time period, that is, the moment when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device starts to perform the most recent nitrogen and water drainage operation. The second historical moment is the end moment of the historical time period, that is, the moment when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device ends the most recent nitrogen and water drainage operation. That is, by opening the nitrogen and water drainage valve at the first historical moment and then closing it at the second historical moment, the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device completes the most recent nitrogen and water drainage operation, and it is ensured that the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device does not perform any complete nitrogen and water drainage operation between the second historical moment and the current moment.

[0045] In the above step S310, the determination method of the first compensation signal can include, but not be limited to: adding the deviation value and the anode pressure change value of the target stack in the historical time period, and then determining the first compensation signal according to the addition result.

[0046] Optionally, proportional integral derivative control is performed according to the addition result to obtain the first compensation signal.

[0047] Specifically, the added result is input into a proportional-integral-derivative controller for processing. The internal implementation process includes: multiplying the added result by a proportional coefficient to obtain a first proportional term signal, multiplying the added result after discrete-time integration by an integral coefficient to obtain a first integral term signal, calculating the discrete difference of the added result and then multiplying it by a derivative coefficient to obtain a first derivative term signal, and then superimposing the first proportional term signal, the first integral term signal, and the first derivative term signal to obtain a first compensation signal, which is actually a PWM signal.

[0048] Of course, a proportional-integral controller or a fuzzy controller can also be used to process the added result to obtain a corresponding first compensation signal, and the present application does not make any limitations in this regard.

[0049] In some embodiments, step S240 may but is not limited to including the following steps S410 to S420: Step S410: If the current moment is not the moment close to when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device is about to perform a nitrogen and water discharge operation, then determine a second compensation signal according to the deviation value; Step S420: Add the reference control signal and the second compensation signal to obtain a final control signal.

[0050] In the above step S410, the method for determining the second compensation signal may but is not limited to including: performing proportional-integral-derivative control on the deviation value to obtain a second compensation signal.

[0051] Specifically, the deviation value is input into a proportional-integral-derivative controller for processing. The internal implementation process includes: multiplying the deviation value by a proportional coefficient to obtain a second proportional term signal, multiplying the deviation value after discrete-time integration by an integral coefficient to obtain a second integral term signal, calculating the discrete difference of the deviation value and then multiplying it by a derivative coefficient to obtain a second derivative term signal, and then superimposing the second proportional term signal, the second integral term signal, and the second derivative term signal to obtain a second compensation signal, which is actually a PWM signal.

[0052] Of course, a proportional-integral controller or a fuzzy controller can also be used to process the deviation value to obtain a corresponding second compensation signal, and the present application does not make any limitations in this regard.

[0053] In this application, by introducing the operating current of the target stack at the current moment and using a graph to match a reference control signal, the basic control of the operating states of the ejectors can be achieved when the fuel cell system has basically no disturbances, no operating deviations, etc.; however, considering that during the actual operation of the fuel cell system, there will be situations such as power changes, uneven internal gas distribution, unstable operation of the ejectors, etc., which are likely to cause differences between the stacks, simply relying on this reference control signal cannot effectively control the operating states of the ejectors. Therefore, the deviation value between the preset target hydrogen-air pressure difference and the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of the target stack at the current moment is introduced to compensate this reference control signal. In addition, further considering that when the anode gas supply device of the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell performs a nitrogen and water discharge operation once, it will cause a significant fluctuation in the anode pressure of the stack. Therefore, by simultaneously introducing the deviation value between the preset target hydrogen-air pressure difference and the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of the target stack at the current moment and the anode pressure change value of the target stack in the historical time period to compensate this reference control signal, the advanced adjustment of the disturbance can be achieved, thereby avoiding a large decrease in the anode pressure of the stack.

[0054] In the above step S250, adjusting the operating states of the ejectors according to the final control signal can be understood as: adjusting the duty cycle of each ejector according to this final control signal. The duty cycle of any ejector refers to the proportion of the energized time of the ejector in each working cycle to the total time, which can reflect the proportional relationship between the opening time and the closing time of the ejector in each working cycle.

[0055] In this application, by setting that each ejector adjusts its operating state with the same final control signal, each ejector can spray with the same duty cycle, ensuring the consistency of the primary flow hydrogen supply of each ejector, and further enabling the above-mentioned anode gas supply device of the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell to still operate stably when dealing with occasional disturbances such as waterlogging.

[0056] The following explains the reasons for ensuring the consistency of the primary flow hydrogen supply of each ejector in this application: In this application, each fuel cell stack is set in an electrical series state, which means that the current flowing through each fuel cell stack is the same, that is, at the same moment, each fuel cell stack requires the same amount of hydrogen and oxygen to participate in the reaction. If the gas supply to each fuel cell stack is not balanced, it may lead to performance differences between the fuel cell stacks. In the long run, the increasing differences will seriously affect the service life of the fuel cell stacks. Since the performance of the ejector is strongly related to its structure, as well as the primary flow pressure and flow rate at its driving end, as long as the geometric parameters and structural parameters of each ejector are the same, and the primary flow pressure and flow rate at the driving end of each ejector are the same, then the secondary return flow rates at the ejecting ends of each ejector are basically the same. Furthermore, it can be ensured that the hydrogen flow rates entering each fuel cell stack are the same at the same moment, thereby achieving the balance and consistency of the gas supply to each fuel cell stack; among them, the driving end of the ejector is the first input end of the ejector, and the ejecting end of the ejector is the second input end of the ejector.

[0057] An embodiment of this application also provides a control device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above-mentioned control method applied to the anode gas supply device of a multi-stack common-rail fuel cell. The control device can include any intelligent terminal such as a tablet computer or an in-vehicle computer.

[0058] It can be understood that the content in the above method embodiments is applicable to the device embodiments of this application. The functions specifically implemented by the device embodiments of this application are the same as those specifically implemented by the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved by the device embodiments of this application are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 which shows the hardware structure of a control device in another embodiment. The control device includes: A processor 301, which can be implemented in ways such as a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application; A memory 302, which can be implemented in forms such as a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (RAM). The memory 302 can store an operating system and other application programs. When implementing the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application through software or firmware, the relevant program codes are stored in the memory 302 and are called by the processor 301 to execute the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application; An input / output interface 303 for implementing information input and output; A communication interface 304 for implementing communication interaction between this device and other devices, which can achieve communication through wired means (such as USB, network cable, etc.) or through wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.); A bus 305 for transmitting information between various components of the device (such as the processor 301, the memory 302, the input / output interface 303, and the communication interface 304); Among them, the processor 301, the memory 302, the input / output interface 303, and the communication interface 304 are communicatively connected to each other inside the device through the bus 305.

[0060] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device and the above-mentioned control device. This vehicle generally needs to have sufficient power and endurance. This vehicle can be a heavy truck, such as a long-distance tractor, a mining truck, etc., or this vehicle can also be a bus, such as an urban bus, a long-distance passenger bus, etc. The present application does not make any limitations in this regard.

[0061] It can be understood that the content in the above-mentioned device embodiment and the equipment embodiment is applicable to this vehicle embodiment. The functions specifically implemented in this vehicle embodiment are the same as those in the above-mentioned device embodiment and the equipment embodiment, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those in the above-mentioned device embodiment and the equipment embodiment.

[0062] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the above-mentioned control method applied to the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device.

[0063] It can be understood that the content in the above-mentioned method embodiment is applicable to this storage medium embodiment. The functions specifically implemented in this storage medium embodiment are the same as those specifically implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment, and the beneficial effects achieved in this storage medium embodiment are also the same as those achieved in the above-mentioned method embodiment.

[0064] As a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the memory can be used to store non-transitory software programs and non-transitory computer-executable programs. In addition, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage devices. In some embodiments, the memory optionally includes a memory remotely disposed relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the processor through a network. Examples of the above networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0065] The embodiments described in the embodiments of the present application are for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art will know that with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

[0066] Those skilled in the art can understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application, and may include more or fewer steps than those shown in the figures, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0067] The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0068] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, and the functional modules / units in the systems and devices can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and appropriate combinations thereof.

[0069] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification of the present application and the above figures are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units does not have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0070] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects and indicates that there can be three relationships. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist at the same time. Here, A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item (item) or plural items (items). For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0071] In several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the above division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there can be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of systems or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0072] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0073] In addition, in each embodiment of this application, the functional units can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0074] When an integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes multiple instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store programs, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical discs.

[0075] The preferred embodiments of the embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, which does not limit the scope of rights of the embodiments of this application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and essence of the embodiments of this application shall be within the scope of rights of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device, characterized in that, The device includes a first pressure equalizing chamber, a second pressure equalizing chamber, at least two ejectors, at least two injectors, and at least two fuel cells stacks; The input end of the first pressure equalizing chamber is used to receive hydrogen. The output end of the first pressure equalizing chamber is connected to the input ends of the at least two ejectors. The output ends of the at least two ejectors are respectively and correspondingly connected to the first input ends of the at least two injectors. The output ends of the at least two injectors are respectively and correspondingly connected to the anode input ends of the at least two fuel cells stacks. The anode output ends of the at least two fuel cells stacks are all connected to the input end of the second pressure equalizing chamber. The output end of the second pressure equalizing chamber is connected to the second input ends of the at least two injectors.

2. The multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device according to claim 1, wherein The device further includes a gas-water separator and a nitrogen and water discharge valve; The input end of the gas-water separator is connected to the output end of the second pressure equalizing chamber. The first output end of the gas-water separator is connected to the second input ends of the at least two injectors. The second output end of the gas-water separator communicates with the ambient atmosphere through the nitrogen and water discharge valve.

3. The multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device according to claim 1, wherein The device further includes a hydrogen cylinder and a pressure reducing valve. The output end of the hydrogen cylinder is connected to the input end of the first pressure equalizing chamber through the pressure reducing valve.

4. A control method, characterized in that, Applied to the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the control method includes: Obtain the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of each fuel cell stack at the current moment, and then screen out the fuel cell stack with the smallest actual hydrogen-air pressure difference from each fuel cell stack and define it as the target fuel cell stack; Obtain the working current of the target fuel cell stack at the current moment to determine a reference control signal; Determine a deviation value according to a preset target hydrogen-air pressure difference and the actual hydrogen-air pressure difference of the target fuel cell stack at the current moment; Compensate the reference control signal according to the deviation value to obtain a final control signal; Adjust the operating state of each ejector according to the final control signal.

5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that The compensating the reference control signal according to the deviation value to obtain a final control signal includes: If the current moment is a moment approaching the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device preparing to perform a nitrogen and water discharge operation once, then determine a first compensation signal according to the deviation value and the anode pressure change value of the target fuel cell stack in a historical time period; wherein, the historical time period is formed from the moment when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device starts to perform the most recent nitrogen and water discharge operation to the moment when the most recent nitrogen and water discharge operation ends; Add the reference control signal and the first compensation signal to obtain the final control signal.

6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein The anode pressure change value of the target fuel cell stack in the historical time period is obtained by the following method: Obtain the anode pressure of the target fuel cell stack at a first historical moment and the anode pressure at a second historical moment. The first historical moment is the start moment of the historical time period, and the second historical moment is the end moment of the historical time period; Subtract the anode pressure of the target fuel cell stack at the second historical moment from the anode pressure at the first historical moment to obtain the anode pressure change value of the target fuel cell stack in the historical time period.

7. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that Determining the first compensation signal according to the deviation value and the anode pressure change value of the target stack in a historical time period includes: Adding the deviation value and the anode pressure change value of the target stack in a historical time period, and then determining the first compensation signal according to the addition result.

8. The control method according to claim 4, wherein Compensating the reference control signal according to the deviation value to obtain the final control signal includes: If the current moment is not a moment close to when the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device is about to perform a nitrogen and water discharge operation, determining a second compensation signal according to the deviation value; Adding the reference control signal and the second compensation signal to obtain the final control signal.

9. A control device, characterized in that, The control device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the control method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 is implemented.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the multi-stack common-rail fuel cell anode gas supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and the control device according to claim 9.

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