Modular manifold with two-way and three-way plate manifolds for use with microfluidic chips and methods of making same

Abstract

A modular manifold with two-way and three-way plate manifolds and a method of making the same. The modular manifold is intended to replace large arrays of valves (interconnected by conduits) that are typically required in medical, industrial or analytical applications, thereby reducing the footprint required. The modular manifold includes one or more flow manipulation washers having a configurable region that can be configured to selectively manipulate a fluid flowing therethrough in a desired manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to manifolds, and more particularly to modular manifolds for use with microfluidic chips. Background Art

[0002] Fluid control devices (e.g., control valves) are commonly used to control the flow of fluids in medical, industrial, and analytical applications. In some cases, manifolds can be utilized to fluidly couple multiple fluid control devices in a compact and organized manner. For example, a manifold can fluidly couple multiple fluid control devices in a compact and organized manner that simultaneously fluidly couples a common fluid source to multiple fluid flow paths of the multiple fluid control devices. Summary of the Invention

[0003] According to a first exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a modular manifold assembly for use with a microfluidic chip is provided. The modular manifold assembly includes: a manifold body; one or more valve seats carried by the manifold body; a first common manifold inlet formed in the manifold body; a second common manifold inlet formed in the manifold body; a plurality of manifold outlets formed in the manifold body; and one or more valves disposed in the manifold body. Each of the one or more valves is movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the corresponding valve engages the corresponding valve seat of the one or more valve seats, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the corresponding valve is spaced apart from the corresponding valve seat of the one or more valve seats, thereby allowing fluid to flow from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, but preventing fluid from flowing from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets. The modular manifold further includes a flow manipulation gasket disposed within the manifold body and adjacent to the one or more valves, the flow manipulation gasket including a gasket body configured to engage the manifold body and a plurality of configurable regions formed in the gasket body, the plurality of configurable regions being configured to direct fluid flow along one or more desired / pre-determined flow paths to the plurality of outlets.

[0004] According to a second exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a modular manifold for use with a microfluidic chip is provided. The modular manifold includes a first manifold assembly, a second manifold assembly, and a printed circuit board captured between the first manifold assembly and the second manifold assembly. The first manifold assembly includes a first manifold body, a first plurality of common inlets formed in the first manifold body, a first plurality of outlets formed in the first manifold body, and one or more first valves disposed in the first manifold body. Each of the one or more first valves is movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the respective first valve engages a respective first valve seat carried by the first manifold body, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from a first one of the first plurality of common inlets to the first plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from a second one of the first plurality of common inlets to the first plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the respective first valve is spaced apart from the respective first valve seat, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from a second one of the plurality of common inlets to the first plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from a first one of the plurality of common inlets to the first plurality of outlets. The first manifold assembly further includes a first flow manipulation gasket disposed within the first manifold body, the flow manipulation gasket including a first gasket body configured to engage the first manifold body and one or more first flow orifices formed in the first gasket body, the one or more first flow orifices being arranged in a first predetermined pattern so as to direct fluid flow along one or more desired / predetermined flow paths to the plurality of outlets. The second manifold assembly includes a second manifold body, a second plurality of common inlets formed in the second manifold body, a second plurality of outlets formed in the second manifold body, and one or more second valves disposed in the second manifold body. Each of the one or more second valves is movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the respective second valve engages a respective second valve seat carried by the second manifold body, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from a first one of the second plurality of common inlets to the second plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from a second one of the second plurality of common inlets to the second plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the respective second valve is spaced apart from the respective second valve seat, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from a second one of the second plurality of common inlets to the second plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from a first one of the second plurality of common inlets to the second plurality of outlets. The second manifold assembly further includes a second flow manipulation gasket disposed within the second manifold body, the flow manipulation gasket including a second gasket body configured to engage the second manifold body and one or more second flow orifices formed in the second gasket body, the one or more second flow orifices being arranged in a second predetermined pattern so as to direct fluid flow along one or more desired / predetermined flow paths to the plurality of outlets.

[0005] According to a third exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a method of manufacturing a modular manifold assembly for use with a microfluidic chip is provided. The method includes: providing a manifold body including one or more valve seats, a first common inlet, a second common inlet, and a plurality of outlets; disposing one or more valves in the manifold body, each of the one or more valves being movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the corresponding valve engages the corresponding valve seat of the one or more valve seats, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the corresponding valve is spaced apart from the corresponding valve seat of the one or more valve seats, thereby allowing fluid to flow from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, but preventing fluid from flowing from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets; forming a first flow manipulation gasket including a first gasket body and one or more first flow orifices formed in the first gasket body, the one or more first flow orifices being arranged in a first predetermined manner so as to direct fluid flow along one or more first desired / predetermined flow paths to the plurality of outlets; disposing the flow manipulation gasket within the manifold body and adjacent to the one or more valves; removing the first flow manipulation gasket from the manifold body; forming a second flow manipulation gasket including a second gasket body and one or more second flow orifices formed in the second gasket body, the one or more second flow orifices being arranged in a second predetermined manner so as to direct fluid flow along one or more second desired / predetermined flow paths to the plurality of outlets; and disposing the second flow manipulation gasket within the manifold body and adjacent to the one or more valves.

[0006] According to a fourth exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a manifold assembly is provided. The manifold assembly includes an interface layer that includes an interface plate defining a first channel and a second channel separated from each other, the interface plate including a plurality of spaced-apart energy guiding members disposed between the first channel and the second channel. The interface layer further includes: a first pressure inlet in fluid communication with the first channel; and a second pressure inlet in fluid communication with the second channel; and a plurality of outlet orifices, each of the outlet orifices extending through the interface layer and aligned with a corresponding one of the energy guiding members carried by a path plate. The manifold assembly further includes a flow manipulation gasket sized to be placed adjacent to the interface plate and arranged to cover the first channel and the second channel, thereby defining a first flow path at a first pressure and a second flow path at a second pressure. The flow manipulation gasket includes a plurality of configurable regions, each of the configurable regions being disposed adjacent to a corresponding one of the energy guiding members. The arrangement of each of the configurable regions of the gasket includes a selected one of the following: provided with a first orifice that spans the energy guiding member and the first channel, thereby providing fluid communication between the first channel, the energy guiding member, and an adjacent one of the outlet orifices; provided with a second orifice that spans the energy guiding member and the second channel, thereby providing fluid communication between the second channel, the energy guiding member, and an adjacent one of the outlet orifices; and not provided with an orifice, thereby preventing fluid flow between the first channel and the second channel and an adjacent one of the outlet orifices.

[0007] According to a fifth exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a manifold assembly is provided. The manifold assembly includes a valve seat layer disposed adjacent to an inlet side of the manifold assembly. The valve seat layer has a plurality of first inlet orifices, each of the first inlet orifices extending through the valve seat layer. An outlet side of the valve seat layer defines a first series of channels and a second series of channels, the first series of channels being separated from the second series of channels. The manifold assembly includes: a first pressure inlet in fluid communication with the first series of channels; a plurality of spaced-apart energy guiding members disposed between the first series of channels and the second series of channels, each of the energy guiding members being positioned adjacent to a downstream end of a corresponding one of the inlet orifices; a flow manipulation gasket sized to be placed adjacent to the outlet side of the valve seat layer and arranged to cover the first series of channels and the second series of channels, thereby defining a first series of flow paths and a second series of flow paths; and an end cap secured to the valve seat layer and holding the flow manipulation gasket between the end cap and the valve seat layer. The flow manipulation gasket includes a plurality of configurable regions, each of the configurable regions being disposed adjacent to a corresponding one of the energy guiding members. Each of the configurable regions of the gasket: is provided with an orifice that spans a corresponding one of the energy guiding members and a selected one of the first series of flow paths; or is not provided with an orifice, thereby preventing flow between a corresponding one of the energy guiding members and the first series of flow paths. An inlet side of the valve seat layer includes a plurality of second inlet orifices adjacent to the plurality of first inlet orifices, respectively. The inlet side of the valve seat layer defines a flow path between each of the first inlet orifices and an adjacent second inlet orifice.

[0008] According to a sixth exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a manifold assembly is provided. The manifold assembly includes a valve seat layer disposed adjacent to an inlet side of the manifold assembly. The valve seat layer has a plurality of first inlet orifices, each of the first inlet orifices extending through the valve seat layer. An outlet side of the valve seat layer defines a first series of channels and a second series of channels that are separated from each other. The manifold assembly further includes: a first pressure inlet in fluid communication with the first series of channels; a plurality of spaced-apart energy guiding members disposed between the first series of channels and the second series of channels, each of the energy guiding members being positioned adjacent to a downstream end of a corresponding one of the inlet orifices; and a flow control gasket sized to be placed adjacent to the outlet side of the valve seat layer and arranged to cover the first series of channels and the second series of channels, thereby defining a first series of flow paths and a second series of flow paths. The flow control gasket includes a plurality of configurable regions, each of the configurable regions being disposed adjacent to a corresponding one of the energy guiding members. Each of the configurable regions of the gasket: is provided with an orifice that spans a corresponding one of the energy guiding members and a selected one of the first series of flow paths; or is not provided with an orifice, thereby preventing flow between a corresponding one of the energy guiding members and the first series of flow paths. An inlet side of the valve seat layer includes a plurality of second inlet orifices adjacent to the plurality of first inlet orifices, and the inlet side of the valve seat layer defines a flow path between each of the first inlet orifices and an adjacent second inlet orifice.

[0009] Further in accordance with any one or more of the foregoing first, second, or third exemplary aspects, a modular manifold assembly, a modular manifold, a method of manufacturing a modular manifold assembly or a manifold assembly may include any one or more of the following preferred forms.

[0010] In one preferred form, the manifold body includes an interface layer and a valve seat layer coupled to the interface layer, the valve seat layer defining one or more valve seats.

[0011] In another preferred form, the valve seat layer has a first side, a second side opposite the first side, and one or more through apertures extending between the first side and the second side. The first side includes one or more valve seats, and the second side includes a plurality of outlet channels fluidly connecting the one or more through apertures and the plurality of outlets.

[0012] In another preferred form, the manifold body includes an interface plate, and the interface plate includes a plurality of inlet channels connecting a first common manifold inlet and a second common manifold inlet and an upstream end of the one or more valves.

[0013] In another preferred form, the interface board is disposed in the interface layer.

[0014] In another preferred form, the manifold body further includes an end layer coupled to the valve seat layer.

[0015] In another preferred form, the flow control gasket is disposed between the valve seat layer and the end layer.

[0016] In another preferred form, the flow control gasket is carried by the interface layer.

[0017] In another preferred form, the flow control gasket is disposed between a portion of the interface layer and the interface board.

[0018] In another preferred form, a second control gasket is disposed within the manifold body and adjacent to the one or more valves. The second control gasket includes a second gasket body configured to engage the manifold body and a plurality of configurable regions formed in the second gasket body. The plurality of configurable regions of the second control gasket are configured to direct fluid flow to the plurality of outlets along one or more desired / pre-determined second flow paths, the one or more desired / pre-determined second flow paths being different from the one or more desired / pre-determined first flow paths.

[0019] In another preferred form, the plurality of outlets are formed in the valve seat layer.

[0020] In another preferred form, a second common manifold inlet is formed in the interface layer.

[0021] In another preferred form, a third common manifold inlet is formed in the manifold body, wherein when the corresponding valve is in a first state, fluid is allowed to flow from the second common manifold inlet or the third common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein when the corresponding valve is in a second state, fluid flow from the third common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets is prevented.

[0022] In another preferred form, a third common inlet is formed in the interface layer.

[0023] In another preferred form, each of the one or more valves is a solenoid valve, wherein in the first state, the solenoid valve is de-energized, and wherein in response to energization of the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve moves from the first state to the second state.

[0024] In another preferred form, the flow control gasket is disposed downstream of the one or more valves.

[0025] In another preferred form, the flow control gasket is disposed upstream of the one or more valves.

[0026] In another preferred form, the flow control gasket is disposed adjacent to the valve seat layer.

[0027] In another preferred form, the flow control washer is removable and can be replaced with a second flow control washer having a second plurality of constructible regions different from the plurality of constructible regions.

[0028] In another preferred form, each of the first manifold body and the second manifold body includes an interface layer and a valve seat layer coupled to the interface layer, the valve seat layer defining one or more valve seats.

[0029] In another preferred form, each of the first manifold body and the second manifold body includes an interface plate, wherein the interface plate includes a plurality of inlet channels that connect a first common manifold inlet and a second common manifold inlet and an upstream end of the one or more valves.

[0030] In another preferred form, each of the first manifold body and the second manifold body further includes an end layer coupled to the valve seat layer.

[0031] In another preferred form, the first flow control washer is disposed between the valve seat layer and the end layer of the first manifold body.

[0032] In another preferred form, the first flow control washer is carried by the interface layer of the first manifold body.

[0033] In another preferred form, the first flow control washer is disposed between a portion of the interface layer of the first manifold body and the interface plate of the first manifold body.

[0034] In another preferred form, the second predetermined pattern is different from the first predetermined pattern.

[0035] In another preferred form, the first plurality of outlets are formed in the valve seat layer of the first manifold body, and the second plurality of outlets are formed in the valve seat layer of the second manifold body.

[0036] In another preferred form, the first plurality of common inlets are formed in the interface layer of the first manifold body.

[0037] In another preferred form, each of the one or more first valves and the one or more second valves is a solenoid valve, wherein in a first state, the corresponding solenoid valve is de-energized, and wherein in response to energization of the corresponding solenoid valve, the corresponding solenoid valve moves from the first state to a second state.

[0038] In another preferred form, the first flow control washer is removable and can be replaced with a third flow control washer having one or more third flow orifices arranged in a second predetermined manner different from the first predetermined manner.

[0039] In another preferred form, the flow control washer can be removed without removing the one or more valves from the manifold body.

[0040] In another preferred form, the first flow control washer and the second flow control washer are formed using additive manufacturing techniques.

[0041] In another preferred form, the manifold body is formed using additive manufacturing techniques.

[0042] In another preferred form, the interface layer includes an outlet side, and each outlet orifice adjacent to the outlet side in the outlet orifices is arranged to receive a solenoid valve.

[0043] In another preferred form, the flow control washer includes a plurality of alignment orifices, and wherein the interface plate includes alignment bosses positioned to engage the alignment orifices of the flow control washer.

[0044] In another preferred form, the interface layer and the flow control washer are fixed to each other by threaded fasteners.

[0045] In another preferred form, the inlet side of the manifold assembly includes a plurality of valve seats, each of the valve seats being arranged to receive a solenoid valve, and includes one or more valves respectively disposed in a corresponding valve seat, each of the one or more valves being movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the corresponding valve is seated against its corresponding valve seat, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the corresponding first inlet orifice to the plurality of outlets, and preventing fluid from flowing from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the corresponding valve engages the corresponding valve seat in the one or more valve seats, thereby allowing fluid to flow from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, but preventing fluid from flowing from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets.

[0046] In another preferred form, each of the one or more valves is a solenoid valve.

[0047] In another preferred form, the inlet side of the valve seat layer is arranged to receive a solenoid valve adjacent to each inlet orifice in the inlet orifices.

[0048] In another preferred form, the flow control washer includes a plurality of alignment orifices, and wherein the end cap includes alignment bosses positioned to engage the alignment orifices of the flow control washer.

[0049] In another preferred form, the inlet side of the manifold assembly includes a plurality of valve seats, each of which is arranged to receive a solenoid valve and includes one or more valves respectively disposed in a corresponding valve seat, each of the one or more valves being movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the corresponding valve is seated against its corresponding valve seat to prevent fluid from flowing from the corresponding first inlet orifice to the plurality of outlets and to prevent fluid from flowing from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the corresponding valve engages the corresponding valve seat among the one or more valve seats to allow fluid to flow from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets but to prevent fluid from flowing from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an example of a modular manifold constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure, the modular manifold including a first (or left) manifold assembly and a second (or right) manifold assembly coupled together.

[0051] Figure 2 Similar to Figure 1 , but transparently depicts the valve seats and interface layer of the first manifold body of the first manifold assembly and removes the end cap of the first modular manifold assembly.

[0052] Figure 3 is a front perspective view of the end cap of the first manifold assembly.

[0053] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the rear perspective view of the end cap of

[0054] Figure 5 is an exploded view of the various components of the first manifold assembly, specifically the external flow control gasket, the valve seat layer, the internal flow control gasket, and the interface plate.

[0055] Figure 6 is a front perspective view showing the external flow control gasket coupled to the valve seat layer.

[0056] Figure 7 is a front perspective view showing the external flow control gasket.

[0057] Figure 8 is a front perspective view showing the valve seat layer.

[0058] Figure 9 is Figure 8 the rear perspective view of the valve seat layer of

[0059] Figure 10 is Figure 9 the front view of the valve seat layer of

[0060] Figure 11 isFigure 10 A close-up of a portion of.

[0061] Figure 12 Similar to Figure 1 , but for clarity, the end cap of the first manifold assembly, the external flow control gasket, and the valve seat layer are removed.

[0062] Figure 13 Is a front perspective view of one of the valves that can be utilized in a modular manifold, showing both the bracket for physically connecting the corresponding valve to the modular manifold and the electrical connector for electrically connecting the corresponding valve to the modular manifold.

[0063] Figure 14 Is Figure 13 A side view of.

[0064] Figure 15 Is Figure 13 A top view of.

[0065] Figure 16 Is a front perspective view of the interface layer of the first manifold assembly.

[0066] Figure 17 Is Figure 16 A rear perspective view of, showing the internal flow control gasket and the interface plate coupled to the interface layer.

[0067] Figure 18 Similar to Figure 17 , but where the components are depicted transparently.

[0068] Figure 19 Similar to Figure 17 , but where the internal control gasket and the interface plate are removed from the interface layer.

[0069] Figure 20 Is a front perspective view of the internal control gasket and the interface plate coupled to each other, but where the internal control gasket is depicted transparently.

[0070] Figure 21 Is Figure 20 A plan view of.

[0071] Figure 22 Is a front perspective view of the second control gasket.

[0072] Figure 23 Is a rear perspective view of the interface plate.

[0073] Figure 24 Is Figure 23 A plan view of.

[0074] Figure 25 Is a front perspective view of the interface plate.

[0075] Figure 26 is a front perspective view of a printed circuit board captured between a first manifold assembly and a second manifold assembly.

[0076] Figure 27A and Figure 28 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first manifold assembly showing how fluid flows (or is blocked from flowing) from a first manifold inlet, a second manifold inlet, or a third manifold inlet to a plurality of manifold outlets depending on whether a corresponding valve is in a first state or a second state.

[0077] Figure 27B Illustrates the arrangement of different valves and whether the second manifold inlet or the third manifold inlet is fluidly connected to a third port of a corresponding valve.

[0078] Figure 29A 、 Figure 29B 、 Figure 29C and Figure 30 Illustrates how an internal flow manipulation gasket can be configured to manipulate fluid flow by selectively allowing or blocking flow from two (or more) pneumatic pressures to an outlet using flow orifices (or no flow orifices at all).

[0079] Figures 31A to 31C Illustrates different examples of geometries in which energy conducting members can be used to selectively allow or block flow from two (or more) pneumatic pressures.

[0080] Figure 32 Illustrates how an external flow manipulation gasket can be configured to manipulate fluid flow by selectively allowing or blocking flow from a common inlet to an outlet.

[0081] Figure 33 is a perspective view of another example of a modular manifold constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0082] Figure 34 Similar to Figure 33 but in which some of the components of the modular manifold are depicted transparently.

[0083] Figure 35 is Figure 33 and Figure 34 Another perspective view of the modular manifold.

[0084] Figure 36 is Figures 33 to 35 A plan view of an interface board and an internal flow manipulation gasket utilized in the modular manifold of

[0085] Figure 37 is Figures 33 to 36 A plan view of a valve seat layer of the modular manifold of DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0086] The present disclosure relates to a modular manifold that is a multi-layer manifold assembly including fasteners arranged in a relatively tight pattern and is designed to replace large valve arrays (interconnected by tubing) typically required in medical, industrial, or analytical applications, thereby reducing the footprint required. The modular manifold assembly includes one or more flow manipulation gaskets having constructible regions that can be configured to selectively manipulate fluid flowing therethrough in a desired manner. For example, a manipulation gasket may be provided with: a first orifice that allows flow from a first input (fluid coupled to a first pneumatic pressure) and blocks flow from a second input (fluid coupled to a second pneumatic pressure); a second orifice that blocks flow from the first input and allows flow from the second input; or no orifices at all, thereby blocking flow from both the first and second inputs. By selectively directing fluid flow in this manner, the need for mirror-image versions of molded parts is eliminated, allowing the use of asymmetric components in a mirror-imaged state without additional tooling. At the same time, by completely blocking both pneumatic pressures, one or more receiving valves can be omitted from the assembly without the need for one or more blanking stations.

[0087] Figures 1 to 32 An example of a modular manifold 100 constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure is illustrated. The modular manifold 100 is specifically configured to use positive and negative pressures to remotely drive a microfluidic chip in a hematology unit that processes human blood, but it should be understood that the modular manifold 100 can be used in other medical applications (or non-medical applications). The modular manifold 100 generally includes a first (or left) manifold assembly 104 and a second (or right) manifold assembly 108. The modular manifold 100 generally also includes a printed circuit board (“PCB”) 110 that is captured between the first manifold assembly 104 and the second manifold assembly 108. Although not shown herein, it should be understood that the modular manifold 100 may also include or be coupled to: a microfluidic chip; a pressure tank connected to the modular manifold; and tubing that connects the tank to the modular manifold.

[0088] The first manifold assembly 104 generally includes a first manifold body 112, a first plurality of common inlets 116 formed in the first manifold body 112, a first plurality of outlets 120 formed in the first manifold body 112, a plurality of first valves 124 disposed in the first manifold body 112, and one or more first flow control gaskets 128 disposed within the first manifold body 112 and adjacent to the plurality of first valves 124. Each of the first valves 124 is movable between a first position (or state) and a second position (or state) to selectively permit fluid to flow through the first manifold assembly 104. In the first position, the respective first valve 124 engages a respective first valve seat 132 carried by the first manifold body 112, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from a first one of the first plurality of common inlets 116 to the first plurality of outlets 120, but permitting fluid to flow from a second one of the first plurality of common inlets 116 to the first plurality of outlets 120. At the same time, in the second position, the respective first valve 124 is spaced apart from the respective first valve seat 132, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the second one of the plurality of common inlets 116 to the first plurality of outlets 120, but permitting fluid to flow from the first one of the plurality of common inlets 116 to the first plurality of outlets 120. Further details regarding the first valves 124 will be discussed below. One or more of the first flow control gaskets 128 may be disposed downstream and / or upstream of the plurality of valves 124 to manipulate the flow of fluid as desired. Each of the first flow control gaskets 128 generally includes a gasket body that is configured to matingly engage one or more adjacent components of the first manifold assembly 104 within the first manifold body 112, and the gasket body includes a plurality of configurable regions that direct fluid flow to the first plurality of outlets 120 in a desired or predetermined manner. Each of the configurable regions within the configurable regions may be "configured" or provided with: (i) a flow orifice that is positioned, sized, and shaped to permit fluid to flow therethrough in a desired direction; or (ii) no orifice, such that the gasket body prevents fluid from flowing therethrough.

[0089] The first manifold body 112 generally includes a plurality of different layers joined together. In this example, the first manifold body 112 generally includes three different layers - an end layer 150, a valve seat layer 154, and an interface layer 158. The end layer 150 generally defines a first end of the first manifold body 112. As Figure 3 and Figure 4Best exemplified, the end layer 150 takes the form of an end cap having a generally rectangular three-dimensional shape defined by a first (or upstream) side 162 and a second (or downstream) side 166, the second side being opposite the first side 162 and exposed to the environment surrounding the manifold 100. The valve seat layer 154 is disposed between the end layer 150 and the interface layer 158 and generally defines a plurality of valve seats 132 for a plurality of first valves 124 such that the manifold 100 can accommodate a plurality of first valves 124. However, in other examples, the valve seat layer 154 can define only a single valve seat 132 for a single first valve 124.

[0090] As Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figures 8 to 11 exemplified, the valve seat layer 154 also has a generally rectangular three-dimensional shape defined by a first (or inlet) side 174 and a second (or outlet) side 178 opposite the first side 174. A plurality of valve seats 132 extend outwardly from the first side 174. The valve seat layer 154 includes a plurality of first inlet orifices 182 positioned adjacent to the plurality of valve seats 132 (and thus to the downstream ends of the plurality of valves 124) respectively. The plurality of first inlet orifices 182 extend from the first side 174 through the valve seat layer 154 to the second side 178. The valve seat layer 154 also includes a plurality of second inlet orifices 184 disposed on the first side 174 and positioned adjacent to the plurality of first inlet orifices 182 respectively. The first side 174 also defines a flow path between each of the plurality of first inlet orifices 182 and an adjacent second inlet orifice 184 of the plurality of second inlet orifices. Since the first inlet orifices 182 and the second inlet orifices 184 are positioned adjacent to the downstream ends of the plurality of valves 124 respectively, the plurality of first inlet orifices 182 may also be referred to herein as the plurality of first valve ports respectively, and the plurality of second inlet orifices 184 may also be referred to herein as the plurality of second valve ports respectively.

[0091] Meanwhile, the second side 178 faces the end layer 150 and has a recessed area 185 that includes or defines a first series of outlet channels 186 and a second series of outlet channels 190 separate from the first series of outlet channels 186. The recessed area 185 of the second side 178 also includes a plurality of first spaced-apart energy guiding members 194 disposed between the first series of outlet channels 186 and the second series of outlet channels 190 respectively. In this example, each of the energy guiding members 194 takes the form of a sharp raised edge that presses into the gasket body of an adjacent first flow control gasket 128. In any case, each of the energy guiding members 194 is positioned adjacent to the downstream end of a corresponding one of the plurality of first inlet orifices 182. For example, the energy guiding member 194A is positioned adjacent to the downstream end of the first inlet orifice 182A.

[0092] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 12 best exemplified in, the interface layer 158 is disposed between the valve seat layer 154 and the PCB 110. The interface layer 158 generally includes a recessed area 196 and an interface board 204 disposed in the recessed area 200. Similar to the valve seat layer 154, the interface layer 158 also has a generally rectangular three-dimensional shape defined by a first (or inlet) side 208 and a second (or outlet) side 212 opposite the first side 208. The first side 208 faces the PCB 110, while the second side 212 faces the valve seat layer 154. The first side 208 includes the recessed area 200 (and thus includes the interface board 204 disposed therein).

[0093] The interface board 204 has a first (or inlet) side 216 and a second (or outlet) side 220 opposite the first side 216. The interface board 204 has a plurality of connector through-holes 222 that extend from the first side 216 through the interface board to the second side 220 and accommodate electrical connectors for a plurality of valves 124. The interface board 204 includes or defines two channels on the second side 220 - a first channel 224 and a second channel 228 separate from the first channel 224. Each of the first channel 224 and the second channel 228 has a travel path that generally spans the entire length and width of the interface board 204. The interface board 204 also includes a plurality of spaced-apart energy guides 232 disposed between the first channel 224 and the second channel 228. In this example, each of the energy guides 232 takes the form of a sharp raised edge that presses into the gasket body of an adjacent first flow control gasket 128.

[0094] The interface layer 158 also includes a plurality of outlet orifices 236 formed in the second side 212 of the interface layer 158. The outlet orifices 236 extend through the second side 212 and are aligned with a corresponding one of the energy guides 232 carried by the interface board 204. For example, the outlet orifice 236A is aligned with the energy guide 232A carried by the interface board 204. The plurality of outlet orifices 236 are also positioned in close proximity to the upstream ends of the valves 124.

[0095] In this example, the first manifold assembly 104 includes three common inlets 116A, 116B, 116C. The first common inlet 116A is formed in the valve seat layer 154 at a position between the first side 174 and the second side 178. In this example, the first common inlet 116A is fluidly coupled to a vacuum pressure source that supplies a vacuum pressure to the first manifold assembly 104. At the same time, the second common inlet 116B and the third common inlet 116C are formed in the interface layer 158 such that the second common inlet and the third common inlet 116 are adjacent to each other. In this example, each of the second common inlet 116B and the third common inlet 116C is fluidly coupled to a positive pressure source that supplies a positive pressure to the first manifold. The positive pressure fluidly coupled to the second common inlet 116B can be greater than or less than the positive pressure fluidly coupled to the third common inlet 116C. However, in other examples, the first manifold assembly 104 can include more or fewer common inlets and / or the common inlets can be located elsewhere. For example, the first manifold assembly 104 can include more than two common inlets, each common inlet fluidly coupled to a positive pressure source, because the modular manifold 100 can be adjusted to achieve a more complex manifold than Figures 1 to 32 the manifold shown. As another example, the common inlets can be located on the bottom of the manifold 100 and dock directly with the pressure tank.

[0096] In this example, the first manifold assembly 104 includes sixteen common outlets 120. The sixteen common outlets 120 are arranged in an array formed on the top side of the valve seat layer 154 such that the sixteen common outlets 120 can be fluidly coupled to a microfluidic chip (or another device containing fluid) easily and quickly. However, in other examples, the first manifold assembly 104 can include more or fewer common outlets 120 and / or the common outlets 120 can be located elsewhere.

[0097] It should be understood that the first common inlet 116A extends into the valve seat layer 154 and is fluidly connected to a first series of outlet channels 186 on the second side 178 of the valve seat layer 154 via one or more inlet portions 240. The first series of outlet channels 186 are selectively fluidly connected to the first inlet orifices 182 respectively. When the first outlet channels 186 are fluidly connected to the first inlet orifices 182 respectively, the first common inlet 116 is further fluidly connected to one or more of those first inlet orifices 182.

[0098] Meanwhile, it should be understood that each of the second common inlet 116B and the third common inlet 116C extends into the interface layer 158. As will be discussed in more detail below, the second common inlet 116B and the third common inlet 116C are selectively in fluid communication with a second series of outlet channels 190 on the second side 178 of the valve seat layer 154. The second common inlet 116B is in direct fluid communication with a first channel 224 of the interface plate 204, and the first channel is in turn selectively fluidly connected to one or more of the outlet orifices 236 via one or more of the energy guiding members 232. The outlet orifices 236 are in fluid communication with the second inlet orifices 184. Thus, when the first channel 224 is fluidly connected to one or more of the outlet orifices 236, the first channel 224 is in fluid communication with one or more of the second inlet orifices 184 (and thus, respectively, with the upstream ends of one or more of the first valves 124). One or more of the second inlet orifices 184 are in turn selectively fluidly connected to one or more of the outlet channels of the second series of outlet channels 190 via one or more of the first inlet orifices 182 adjacent to one or more of the second inlet orifices 184 and one or more of the energy guiding members 194. The third common inlet 116C is in direct fluid communication with a second channel 228 of the interface plate 204, and the second channel is in turn selectively fluidly connected to one or more of the outlet orifices 236 via one or more of the energy guiding members 232. Thus, when the second channel 228 is fluidly connected to one or more of the outlet orifices 236, the second channel 228 is in fluid communication with one or more of the second inlet orifices 184 (and thus, respectively, with the upstream ends of one or more of the first valves 124). One or more of the second inlet orifices 184 are in turn selectively fluidly connected to one or more of the outlet channels of the second series of outlet channels 190 via one or more of the first inlet orifices 182 adjacent to one or more of the second inlet orifices 184 and one or more of the energy guiding members 194.

[0099] In addition, it should be understood that each of the common outlets 120 extends into the valve seat layer 154. More specifically, each of the common outlets 120 extends into the valve seat layer 154 such that the common outlet 120 is in fluid communication with a corresponding one of the outlet channels of the second series of outlet channels 190.

[0100] A plurality of first valves 124 generally control the fluid communication between different components of the first manifold assembly 104. In this example, the valve seat layer 154 defines sixteen different first valve seats 132 such that the first manifold assembly 124 can include any number of valves between one and sixteen different first valves 124. In this example, each of the valves 124 is an electromagnetic valve, an example of which is shown in Figures 13 to 15is illustrated, and its details and operations are known. However, in other examples, the valve seat layer 154 may define a different number of first valve seats 132 (and thus a different number of first valves 124). In other examples, the valve 124 may be a different type of valve (e.g., a cartridge valve). Similarly as Figures 13 to 15 illustrated, each valve in the valves 124 may be mechanically coupled to the first manifold assembly 104 via a bracket 246 such that a first (or outlet) end 247 of the valve 124 is coupled to the valve seat layer 154 and a second (or inlet) end 248 of the valve 124 is coupled to the interface layer 158. Additionally, each valve in the valves 124 may be electrically coupled to the PCB 110 via an electrical connector 249 that passes through a plurality of connector through-holes 222 formed in the interface plate 204 such that the PCB 110 can in turn control the states of the plurality of valves 124.

[0101] In this example, the first manifold assembly 104 includes two first flow control washers, namely, flow control washers 128A, 128B. Each of the first flow control washers 128A, 128B generally has a sufficient and uniform thickness to form a geometry that controls a third dimension of an intended flow path. The first flow control washers 128A, 128B may be cut (e.g., by a die, water jet, laser), molded, or printed via additive manufacturing techniques. In any case, the first flow control washers 128A, 128B allow or prevent fluid from bypassing an energy guiding member (e.g., energy guiding member 194 or energy guiding member 232) by allowing or preventing fluid movement in the third dimension. To this end, the first flow control washer 128A includes a washer body 250 (which has a generally rectangular three-dimensional shape in this example) and a plurality of constructible regions 252, and the first flow control washer 128B includes a washer body 260 (which also has a generally rectangular three-dimensional shape in this example) and a plurality of constructible regions 262. However, it should be understood that the plurality of constructible regions 252 of the first flow control washer 128A may and generally will be different from the plurality of constructible regions 262 of the first flow control washer 128B.

[0102] The size of the first flow control washer 128A is generally designed to be placed adjacent to the interface plate 204 of the interface layer 158. In this example, the first flow control washer 128A is disposed in the recessed area 200 of the interface layer 158 such that the washer 128A is carried by the interface layer 158 at a position upstream of the plurality of first valves 124. More specifically, the first flow control washer 128A is carried by the first side 216 of the interface plate 204 (e.g., via the protrusion 256), and the first flow control washer 128A has a side that engages the first side 216 of the interface plate 204 (and thus engages and covers the first channel 224, the second channel 228, and the energy guide 232 disposed between the first channel 224 and the second channel 228). Even more specifically, the plurality of configurable regions 252 of the washer 128A are disposed adjacent to a corresponding one of the energy guides 232. Consistent with the above discussion, each of the plurality of configurable regions 252 can be configured to selectively allow or block the flow from the second common inlet 116B and the third common inlet 116C to the common outlet 120 to manipulate fluid flow by using the first orifice 252A, the second orifice 252B, or no orifice 252C at all (e.g., when it is desired to omit the corresponding valve 124, which is possible without a specific plugging workstation for the omitted valve 124). Each first orifice 252A is positioned near the top of the corresponding configurable region 252( Figure 29B ), and spans the corresponding energy guide 232 and the first channel 224 such that the first channel 224, the energy guide 232, and an adjacent one of the outlet orifices 236 are fluidly connected. In other words, when the configurable region 252 includes the first orifice 252A, the second common inlet 116B is in fluid communication with the corresponding second inlet orifice 184 (and thus, depending on the state of the corresponding valve 124, can be fluidly coupled to the corresponding common outlet 120). At the same time, the third common inlet 116C is blocked from being in fluid communication with the corresponding second inlet orifice 184 (and thus, regardless of the state of the corresponding valve 124, cannot be fluidly coupled to the corresponding common outlet 120). At the same time, each second orifice 252B is positioned near the bottom of the corresponding configurable region 252( Figure 29B), and spans the corresponding energy conducting member 232 and the second channel 228, thereby fluidly connecting adjacent ones of the second channel 228, the energy conducting member 232, and the outlet orifices 236. In other words, when the configurable region 252 includes the second orifice 252B, the third common inlet 116B is in fluid communication with the corresponding second inlet orifice 184 (and thus, depending on the state of the corresponding valve 124, can be fluidly coupled to the corresponding common outlet 120). At the same time, the second common inlet 116B is blocked from being in fluid communication with the corresponding second inlet orifice 184 (and thus, regardless of the state of the corresponding valve 124, cannot be fluidly coupled to the corresponding common outlet 120). Finally, when the configurable region 252 does not include the orifice 252C, the configurable region 252 cuts off the fluid connection between the first channel 224 or the second channel 228 and the adjacent outlet orifice 236. In other words, when the configurable region 252 does not include the orifice 252C, neither the second common inlet 116B nor the third common inlet 116C is in fluid communication with the corresponding outlet channel 190 of the second series of outlet channels 190 (and thus, regardless of the state of the corresponding valve 124, is not in fluid communication with the corresponding common outlet 120).

[0103] The size of the first flow control washer 128B is generally designed to be placed adjacent to the valve seat layer 154. In this example, the first flow control washer 128B is disposed in the recessed area 185 of the valve seat layer 158 such that the washer 128B is disposed between the end layer 150 and the valve seat layer 158 at a location downstream of the plurality of first valves 124. Further, the washer 128B has a first side 266 that engages the end layer 150 and a second side 270 that is opposite the first side 266 and engages the valve seat layer 158. More specifically, the second side 270 engages (and covers) the first series of outlet channels 186, the second series of outlet channels 190, and the energy director 194 disposed between the first outlet channel 186 and the second outlet channel 190. Similar to the plurality of configurable regions 252 of the first flow control washer 128A, the plurality of configurable regions 262 can be configured to manipulate fluid flow by selectively allowing or blocking flow - but flow from the first common inlet 116A to the common outlet 120. However, unlike the plurality of configurable regions 252 of the first flow control washer 128A, the plurality of configurable regions 262 of the first flow control washer 128B can be provided with or without orifices 262A. Each orifice 262A spans the corresponding energy director 194 and the corresponding channel 186 of the first series of outlet channels 186, thereby fluidly connecting the corresponding energy director 194 and the corresponding channel 186. In other words, when the configurable region 262 includes the orifice 262A, the first common inlet 116A is in fluid communication with the corresponding first inlet orifice 182 (and thus, depending on the state of the corresponding valve 124, can be fluidly coupled to the corresponding common outlet 120). However, when the configurable region 262 does not include the orifice 262B, the configurable region 262 cuts off the fluid connection between the corresponding energy director 194 and the corresponding channel 186. In other words, when the configurable region 262 does not include the orifice 262B, the first common inlet 116A is not in fluid communication with the corresponding first inlet orifice 182 (and thus, regardless of the state of the corresponding valve 124, is not in fluid communication with the corresponding common outlet 120).

[0104] Figure 27A , Figure 27B and Figure 28 illustrates the operation of the first manifold assembly 104. More specifically, Figure 27A , Figure 27B and Figure 28Illustrates how fluid flows (or is blocked from flowing) from the first common manifold inlet 116A, the second common manifold inlet 116B, or the third common manifold inlet 116C to the plurality of common manifold outlets 120, depending on whether the first common manifold inlet 116A is fluidly connected to the first valve port 182 of the corresponding valve 124 (which will depend on the configuration of the first flow control gasket 128B), whether the second common manifold inlet 116B or the third common manifold inlet 116C is fluidly connected (or not fluidly connected) to the third (internal) port 264 of the corresponding valve 124 (which will depend on the configuration of the first flow control gasket 128A), and whether the corresponding valve 124 is in the first state or the second state. For example, when the corresponding valve 124 is in the first state, a portion of the valve 124 (e.g., the first end 247 of the valve 124) engages the corresponding valve seat 132 of the plurality of valve seats 132 of the valve seat layer 154 such that the first port 182 is blocked and the second port 184 of the valve 124 is fluidly connected to the third port 264 (and thus, the second common manifold inlet 116B or the third common manifold inlet 116C and the positive pressure source fluidly connected thereto). Thereby, fluid is allowed to flow from the second common manifold inlet 116B or the third common manifold inlet 116C (depending on which inlet is connected to the corresponding third port 264, as indicated by the first flow control gasket 128A) through the second port 184 of the corresponding valve 124 to the plurality of outlets 120, and fluid is prevented from flowing from the first common manifold inlet 116A to the plurality of outlets 120 (i.e., the first common manifold inlet 116 is sealed). In other words, at least in this example, positive pressure is thus directed from the second common manifold inlet 116B or the third common manifold inlet 116C to the corresponding outlet 120 via the corresponding outlet orifice 236. Conversely, when the corresponding valve 124 is in the second state, that portion of the valve 124 is spaced apart from the corresponding valve seat 132 such that the third port 264 is blocked and the second port 184 of the valve 124 is fluidly connected to the first port 182 of the valve (and thus, the vacuum pressure source supplying the first common manifold inlet 116A). Thereby, fluid is allowed to flow from the first common manifold inlet 116A through the second port 184 of the corresponding valve to the common manifold outlet 120 (if the configurable area 262 of the first flow control gasket 128B allows), and fluid is prevented from flowing from the second common manifold inlet 116B and the third common manifold inlet 116C to the common manifold outlet 120. In other words, at least in this example, negative pressure is thus directed from the first common manifold inlet 116A to the corresponding outlet 120 via the corresponding first port 182.

[0105] In this example, the solenoid valve occupies a first state when de-energized, and in response to energization of the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve moves from the first state to a second state. However, in other examples, the solenoid valve may occupy the first state when energized, and in response to de-energization of the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve may move from the second state to the first state.

[0106] In some examples, the first flow control gaskets 128A, 128B permit a spacing of less than 3 mm, which may be difficult to achieve with other track-type sealing methods. In some examples, the first flow control gaskets 128A, 128B can be removed from the manifold assembly 104 and replaced with different control gaskets (i.e., gaskets having differently configured constructible regions). Accordingly, the function of the manifold can be changed or otherwise updated without changing other components. For example, one or both of the first flow control gaskets 128A, 128B can be removed and replaced with different control gaskets without having to remove the plurality of valves 124 from the manifold body 112.

[0107] It should be understood that the components of the first manifold assembly 104 are coupled together in several ways. First, the end layer 150, the valve seat layer 154, and the interface layer 158 are coupled together via a plurality of fasteners (e.g., Figure 1 the plurality of threaded fasteners 300 best illustrated in). Second, the first flow control gasket 128B can include a plurality of alignment holes 304, and the end layer 150 can include a plurality of alignment bosses 308 that are configured to be disposed respectively in the alignment holes 304 to secure the first flow control gasket 128B within the valve seat layer 154. Third, and similarly, the first flow control gasket 128A can include a plurality of alignment holes 312, and the interface plate 204 can include a plurality of alignment bosses 316 that are configured to be disposed respectively in the plurality of holes 312 to assist in securing the first flow control gasket 128A to the interface plate 204.

[0108] It should be understood that the geometry of any of the components of the first manifold assembly 104 described herein can be changed to control fluid flow in different ways. First, as discussed above, the constructible regions 252, 262 of the first flow control gaskets 128A, 128B can vary to permit or block fluid flow in different ways. Second, the geometry of either of the energy guides 194, 232 can be different from that Figure 31A illustrated in. For example, either of the energy guides 194, 232 can alternatively have the geometry Figure 31B or Figure 31C illustrated in. It should be understood that this different geometry will cause the fluid to flow in a manner different from that Figure 31A illustrated in.

[0109] Finally, it should be understood that the second manifold assembly 108 includes components similar or identical to those of the first manifold assembly 104. Thus, the second manifold assembly 108 generally also includes a second manifold body 412, a second plurality of common inlets 416 formed in the second manifold body 412, a second plurality of outlets 420 formed in the second manifold body 412, a plurality of second valves 424 disposed in the second manifold body 412, and a pair of second flow control gaskets 428 disposed within the second manifold body 412 and adjacent to the plurality of second valves 424. However, these components of the second manifold assembly 108 are similar or identical in structure to the corresponding components of the first manifold assembly 104. Thus, for the sake of brevity, further details regarding these components are omitted. At the same time, it should be understood that these components of the second manifold assembly 108 (e.g., the second flow control gaskets 428) may be different from the corresponding components of the first manifold assembly 104.

[0110] Figures 33 to 37 Another example of a modular manifold 3200 constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure is illustrated. The modular manifold 3200 is substantially the same as the modular manifold 100 described above, except for the following differences. First, as Figure 33 and 34 illustrated, the modular manifold 3200 includes additional components not included in the modular manifold 100, such as a pressure tank 3202 for the modular manifold 3200. Second, as Figure 36 illustrated, the modular manifold 3200 includes an interface plate 3204 and a first flow control gasket 3208 coupled to the interface plate 3204, similar to the modular manifold 100, but the interface plate 3204 and the first flow control gasket 3208 are different from the interface plate 204 and the first control gasket 128A of the modular manifold 100, respectively. More specifically, the interface plate 3204 has a first channel 3224 and a second channel 3228, which have slightly different shapes from the channels 224, 228 of the interface plate 204. And the flow control gasket 3208 has a plurality of constructable regions different from the plurality of constructable regions 252 of the flow control gasket 128A, such that the flow control gasket 3208 will allow or block fluid flow in a different manner. Third, as Figure 37Illustrated, modular manifold 3200 has a seat layer 3254 that is different from seat layer 154 of modular manifold 100. More specifically, seat layer 3254 has a first series of outlet channels 3286 and a second series of outlet channels 3290 that are different from the first series of outlet channels 186 and the second series of outlet channels 190 of seat layer 154, such that fluid will be controlled in a different manner. Fourth, although modular manifold 3200 has three common inlets 3216A, 3216B, and 3216C, similar to modular manifold 100, common inlets 3216A, 3216B, and 3216C are located in different positions from common inlets 116A, 116B, and 116C. In fact, as Figure 34 best illustrated in, common inlets 3216A, 3216B, and 3216C are located on the lower side of end cap 3250 (which is otherwise the same as end cap 150 described above). In this way, common inlets 3216A, 3216B, and 3216C can be directly (or more directly) docked with pressure tank 3202. Further, it should be understood that second common inlet 3216B and third common inlet 3216C can be routed to the center of modular manifold 3200 (and more specifically, interface plate 3204) via flow connectors, pipes, and separate channels (not shown) formed in seat layer 3254.

Claims

1. A modular manifold assembly for use with a microfluidic chip, the modular manifold assembly comprising: A manifold body; One or more valve seats carried by the manifold body; A first common manifold inlet formed in the manifold body; A second common manifold inlet formed in the manifold body; A plurality of manifold outlets formed in the manifold body; One or more valves disposed in the manifold body, each of the one or more valves being movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the corresponding valve engages the corresponding valve seat of the one or more valve seats, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the corresponding valve is spaced apart from the corresponding valve seat of the one or more valve seats, thereby allowing fluid to flow from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, but preventing fluid from flowing from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets; A flow manipulation gasket disposed within the manifold body and adjacent to the one or more valves, the flow manipulation gasket comprising a gasket body configured to engage the manifold body and a plurality of configurable regions formed in the gasket body, the plurality of configurable regions being configured to direct fluid flow along one or more desired / pre-determined flow paths to the plurality of outlets.

2. The modular manifold assembly according to claim 1, wherein the manifold body comprises an interface layer and a valve seat layer coupled to the interface layer, the valve seat layer defining the one or more valve seats.

3. The modular manifold assembly according to claim 2, wherein the valve seat layer has a first side, a second side opposite the first side, and one or more through-orifices extending between the first side and the second side, the first side comprising the one or more valve seats, and the second side comprising a plurality of outlet channels fluidly connecting the one or more through-orifices and the plurality of outlets.

4. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the manifold body comprises an interface plate, wherein the interface plate comprises a plurality of inlet channels connecting the first common manifold inlet and the second common manifold inlet and an upstream end of the one or more valves.

5. The modular manifold assembly according to claim 4, wherein the interface plate is disposed in the interface layer.

6. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the manifold body further comprises an end layer coupled to the valve seat layer.

7. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flow manipulation gasket is disposed between the valve seat layer and the end layer.

8. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the flow manipulation gasket is carried by the interface layer.

9. The modular manifold assembly according to claim 8, wherein the flow control gasket is disposed between a portion of the interface layer and the interface plate.

10. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the modular manifold assembly further comprising a second control gasket disposed within the manifold body and adjacent to the one or more valves, the second control gasket including a second gasket body configured to engage the manifold body and a plurality of configurable regions formed in the second gasket body, the plurality of configurable regions of the second control gasket being configured to direct fluid flow along one or more desired / pre-determined second flow paths to the plurality of outlets, the one or more desired / pre-determined second flow paths being different from the one or more desired / pre-determined first flow paths.

11. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of outlets are formed in the valve seat layer.

12. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second common manifold inlet is formed in the interface layer.

13. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, the modular manifold assembly further comprising a third common manifold inlet formed in the manifold body, wherein when the corresponding valve is in the first state, fluid is allowed to flow from the second common manifold inlet or the third common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein when the corresponding valve is in the second state, fluid flow from the third common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets is prevented.

14. The modular manifold assembly according to claim 13, wherein the third common inlet is formed in the interface layer.

15. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, each of the one or more valves being a solenoid valve, wherein in the first state, the solenoid valve is de-energized, and wherein in response to energization of the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve moves from the first state to the second state.

16. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flow control gasket is disposed downstream of the one or more valves.

17. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flow control gasket is disposed upstream of the one or more valves.

18. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the flow control gasket is disposed adjacent to the valve seat layer.

19. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flow control gasket is removable and replaceable with a second flow control gasket having a second plurality of configurable regions different from the plurality of configurable regions.

20. The modular manifold assembly according to claim 19, wherein the flow control gasket is removable without removing the one or more valves from the manifold body.

21. A modular manifold for use with a microfluidic chip, the modular manifold comprising: A first manifold assembly, the first manifold assembly comprising: A first manifold body; A first plurality of common inlets formed in the first manifold body; A first plurality of outlets formed in the first manifold body; One or more first valves disposed in the first manifold body, each first valve of the one or more first valves being movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the respective first valve engages a respective first valve seat carried by the first manifold body, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from a first one of the first plurality of common inlets to the first plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from a second one of the first plurality of common inlets to the first plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the respective first valve is spaced apart from the respective first valve seat, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the second one of the plurality of common inlets to the first plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from the first one of the plurality of common inlets to the first plurality of outlets; and A first flow manipulation gasket disposed within the first manifold body, the flow manipulation gasket comprising a first gasket body configured to engage the first manifold body and one or more first flow orifices formed in the first gasket body, the one or more first flow orifices being arranged in a first predetermined pattern so as to direct fluid flow along one or more desired / predetermined flow paths to the plurality of outlets; A second manifold assembly, the second manifold assembly comprising: A second manifold body; A second plurality of common inlets formed in the second manifold body; A second plurality of outlets formed in the second manifold body; One or more second valves disposed in the second manifold body, each second valve of the one or more second valves being movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the respective second valve engages a respective second valve seat carried by the second manifold body, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from a first one of the second plurality of common inlets to the second plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from a second one of the second plurality of common inlets to the second plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the respective second valve is spaced apart from the respective second valve seat, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the second one of the second plurality of common inlets to the second plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from the first one of the second plurality of common inlets to the second plurality of outlets; and A second flow control washer disposed within the second manifold body, the flow control washer including a second washer body configured to engage the second manifold body and one or more second flow orifices formed in the second washer body, the one or more second flow orifices being arranged in a second predetermined pattern so as to direct fluid flow along one or more desired / predetermined flow paths to the plurality of outlets; and A printed circuit board captured between the first manifold assembly and the second manifold assembly.

22. The modular manifold according to claim 21, wherein each of the first manifold body and the second manifold body includes an interface layer and a valve seat layer coupled to the interface layer, the valve seat layer defining the one or more valve seats.

23. The modular manifold according to claim 22, wherein the valve seat layer has a first side, a second side opposite the first side, and one or more through orifices extending between the first side and the second side, the first side including the one or more valve seats, and the second side including a plurality of outlet channels fluidly connecting the one or more through orifices and the plurality of outlets.

24. The modular manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the first manifold body and the second manifold body includes an interface plate, wherein the interface plate includes a plurality of inlet channels connecting the first common manifold inlet and the second common manifold inlet and an upstream end of the one or more valves.

25. The modular manifold according to claim 24, wherein the interface plate is disposed within the interface layer.

26. The modular manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the first manifold body and the second manifold body further includes an end layer coupled to the valve seat layer.

27. The modular manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first flow control washer is disposed between the valve seat layer and the end layer of the first manifold body.

28. The modular manifold according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the first flow control washer is carried by the interface layer of the first manifold body.

29. The modular manifold according to claim 28, wherein the first flow control washer is disposed between a portion of the interface layer of the first manifold body and the interface plate of the first manifold body.

30. The modular manifold according to any one of claims 21 to 29, wherein the second predetermined pattern is different from the first predetermined pattern.

31. The modular manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first plurality of outlets are formed in the valve seat layer of the first manifold body, and the second plurality of outlets are formed in the valve seat layer of the second manifold body.

32. The modular manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first plurality of common inlets are formed in the interface layer of the first manifold body.

33. The modular manifold according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the one or more first valves and the one or more second valves is a solenoid valve, wherein in the first state, the corresponding solenoid valve is de-energized, and wherein in response to energization of the corresponding solenoid valve, the corresponding solenoid valve moves from the first state to the second state.

34. The modular manifold assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first flow control gasket is removable and replaceable with a third flow control gasket having one or more third flow orifices arranged in a second predetermined manner different from the first predetermined manner.

35. The modular manifold assembly according to claim 34, wherein the flow control gasket is removable without removing the one or more valves from the manifold body.

36. A method of manufacturing a modular manifold assembly for use with a microfluidic chip, the method comprising: providing a manifold body including one or more valve seats, a first common inlet, a second common inlet, and a plurality of outlets; disposing one or more valves in the manifold body, each of the one or more valves being movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the corresponding valve engages the corresponding valve seat of the one or more valve seats, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, but allowing fluid to flow from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the corresponding valve is spaced apart from the corresponding valve seat of the one or more valve seats, thereby allowing fluid to flow from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, but preventing fluid from flowing from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets; forming a first flow control gasket including a first gasket body and one or more first flow orifices formed in the first gasket body, the one or more first flow orifices being arranged in a first predetermined manner so as to direct fluid flow along one or more first desired / predetermined flow paths to the plurality of outlets; disposing the flow control gasket within the manifold body and adjacent to the one or more valves; removing the first flow control gasket from the manifold body; forming a second flow control gasket including a second gasket body and one or more second flow orifices formed in the second gasket body, the one or more second flow orifices being arranged in a second predetermined manner so as to direct fluid flow along one or more second desired / predetermined flow paths to the plurality of outlets; disposing the second flow control gasket within the manifold body and adjacent to the one or more valves.

37. The method according to claim 36, wherein the first flow control gasket is removable from the manifold body without removing the one or more valves.

38. The method according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the first flow control gasket and the second flow control gasket are formed using an additive manufacturing technique.

39. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 38, wherein the manifold body is formed using an additive manufacturing technique.

40. A manifold assembly, the manifold assembly comprising: An interface layer, the interface layer comprising: An interface plate that defines a first channel and a second channel that are separated from each other, the interface plate including a plurality of spaced-apart energy guiding members disposed between the first channel and the second channel; A first pressure inlet that is in fluid communication with the first channel; and a second pressure inlet that is in fluid communication with the second channel; A plurality of outlet orifices, each of the outlet orifices extending through the interface layer and being aligned with a corresponding one of the energy guiding members carried by a path plate; and A flow control gasket sized to be placed adjacent to the interface plate and arranged to cover the first channel and the second channel, thereby defining a first flow path at a first pressure and a second flow path at a second pressure, wherein the flow control gasket includes a plurality of configurable regions, each of the configurable regions being disposed adjacent to a corresponding one of the energy guiding members; and wherein the arrangement of each of the configurable regions of the gasket includes a selected one of the following: A first orifice is provided that spans the energy guiding member and the first channel, thereby providing fluid communication between the first channel, the energy guiding member, and an adjacent one of the outlet orifices; A second orifice is provided that spans the energy guiding member and the second channel, thereby providing fluid communication between the second channel, the energy guiding member, and an adjacent one of the outlet orifices; No orifice is provided, thereby preventing fluid flow between the first channel and the second channel and an adjacent one of the outlet orifices.

41. The manifold assembly according to claim 40, wherein the interface layer includes an outlet side, and each of the outlet orifices adjacent to the outlet side is arranged to receive a solenoid valve.

42. The manifold assembly according to claim 40, wherein the flow control gasket includes a plurality of alignment orifices, and wherein the interface plate includes alignment bosses positioned to engage the alignment orifices of the flow control gasket.

43. The manifold assembly according to claim 40, wherein the interface layer and the flow control gasket are fixed to each other by threaded fasteners.

44. A manifold assembly, the manifold assembly comprising: A valve seat layer disposed adjacent to the inlet side of the manifold assembly, the valve seat layer having a plurality of first inlet orifices, each of the first inlet orifices extending through the valve seat layer, and an outlet side of the valve seat layer defining a first series of channels and a second series of channels that are separated from each other; A first pressure inlet, the first pressure inlet being in fluid communication with the first series of channels; A plurality of spaced apart energy guiding members, the plurality of spaced apart energy guiding members being disposed between the first series of channels and the second series of channels, each of the energy guiding members being positioned adjacent to a downstream end of a corresponding one of the inlet orifices; A flow control washer, the flow control washer being sized to be placed adjacent to the outlet side of the valve seat layer and arranged to cover the first series of channels and the second series of channels, thereby defining a first series of flow paths and a second series of flow paths; And An end cap, the end cap being fixed to the valve seat layer and holding the flow control washer between the end cap and the valve seat layer; Wherein the flow control washer includes a plurality of configurable regions, each of the configurable regions being disposed adjacent to a corresponding one of the energy guiding members; and Wherein each of the configurable regions of the washer: Is provided with an orifice that spans the corresponding one of the energy guiding members and a selected one of the flow paths in the first series of flow paths; Or Is not provided with an orifice, thereby preventing flow between the corresponding one of the energy guiding members and the first series of flow paths, and Wherein an inlet side of the valve seat layer includes a plurality of second inlet orifices respectively adjacent to the plurality of first inlet orifices, the inlet side of the valve seat layer defining a flow path between each of the first inlet orifices and an adjacent second inlet orifice.

45. The manifold assembly according to claim 44, wherein the inlet side of the manifold assembly includes a plurality of valve seats, each of the valve seats being arranged to receive a solenoid valve and including one or more valves respectively disposed in a corresponding valve seat, each of the one or more valves being movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the corresponding valve is seated against its corresponding valve seat, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the corresponding first inlet orifice to the plurality of outlets and preventing fluid from flowing from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the corresponding valve engages the corresponding valve seat in the one or more valve seats, thereby allowing fluid to flow from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets but preventing fluid from flowing from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets.

46. The manifold assembly according to claim 45, wherein each of the one or more valves is a solenoid valve.

47. The manifold assembly according to claim 44, wherein the inlet side of the valve seat layer is arranged to receive a solenoid valve adjacent to each of the inlet orifices.

48. The manifold assembly according to claim 44, wherein the flow control washer includes a plurality of alignment orifices, and wherein the end cap includes alignment bosses positioned to engage the alignment orifices of the flow control washer.

49. A manifold assembly, the manifold assembly comprising: A valve seat layer, the valve seat layer being disposed adjacent to the inlet side of the manifold assembly, the valve seat layer having a plurality of first inlet orifices, each of the first inlet orifices extending through the valve seat layer, the outlet side of the valve seat layer defining a first series of channels and a second series of channels, the first series of channels being separated from the second series of channels; A first pressure inlet, the first pressure inlet being in fluid communication with the first series of channels; A plurality of spaced-apart energy guiding members, the plurality of spaced-apart energy guiding members being disposed between the first series of channels and the second series of channels, each of the energy guiding members being positioned adjacent to the downstream end of a corresponding one of the inlet orifices; And A flow control gasket, the flow control gasket being sized to be placed adjacent to the outlet side of the valve seat layer and arranged to cover the first series of channels and the second series of channels, thereby defining a first series of flow paths and a second series of flow paths; Wherein the flow control gasket includes a plurality of configurable regions, each of the configurable regions being disposed adjacent to a corresponding one of the energy guiding members; and Wherein each of the configurable regions of the gasket: Is provided with an orifice that spans the corresponding one of the energy guiding members and a selected one of the first series of flow paths; Or Is not provided with an orifice, thereby preventing flow between the corresponding one of the energy guiding members and the first series of flow paths, and Wherein the inlet side of the valve seat layer includes a plurality of second inlet orifices adjacent to the plurality of first inlet orifices respectively, the inlet side of the valve seat layer defining a flow path between each of the first inlet orifices and an adjacent second inlet orifice.

50. The manifold assembly according to claim 49, wherein the inlet side of the manifold assembly includes a plurality of valve seats, each of the valve seats being arranged to receive an electromagnetic valve and including one or more valves respectively disposed in the corresponding valve seat, each of the one or more valves being movable between a first state and a second state, wherein in the first state, the corresponding valve is seated against its corresponding valve seat, thereby preventing fluid from flowing from the corresponding first inlet orifice to the plurality of outlets and preventing fluid from flowing from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets, and wherein in the second state, the corresponding valve engages the corresponding valve seat in the one or more valve seats, thereby allowing fluid to flow from the first common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets but preventing fluid from flowing from the second common manifold inlet to the plurality of outlets.

51. The manifold assembly according to claim 50, wherein each of the one or more valves is an electromagnetic valve.

52. The manifold assembly according to claim 49, wherein the inlet side of the valve seat layer is arranged to receive an electromagnetic valve adjacent to each of the inlet orifices.

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