Precise spreading machine for soil conditioning powder

Abstract

The invention provides a precision spreading machine for soil conditioning powder, and relates to the technical field of spreading of soil conditioners. The precision spreading machine for the soil conditioning powder comprises a controller, a walking device, a wheel speed sensor and a stock bin, and the top of the stock bin is fixedly connected with a driving box. According to the invention, the energy consumption of the initial single-row screw is reduced; when walking is too fast, the motor speed is increased to increase materials; and double-row synchronous material conveying is achieved, regulation and control of speed regulation and shaft increasing are achieved, and the flow range is widened. The screw rod and the discharging pipe are accurately controlled, and closed-loop speed regulation is dynamically matched; the vibration motor vibrates at high frequency to destroy agglomeration, and the discharge box inhibits wind to improve uniformity; the staggered stirring rods form three-dimensional turbulent flow, caking and bridging are eliminated, and feeding is guaranteed; the density is detected and monitored in real time, the controller integrates and analyzes the wheel speed, the rotating speed and the double-shaft state, speed regulation or double-shaft linkage is automatically triggered, multi-parameter cooperative control is achieved, and high precision is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioner spreading, and specifically to a precise soil conditioner powder spreading machine. Background Art

[0002] A soil conditioner refers to a material added to problematic soils to improve their physical, chemical, and / or biological properties, and is applicable to improving soil structure, reducing soil salinity hazards, adjusting soil pH, improving soil moisture conditions, or remediating polluted soils, etc. (NY / T 3034-2016). The problem factors of problematic soils usually have uniformity, and the best effect can be achieved when the conditioner is applied evenly and comprehensively during improvement. The powder conditioner has the largest specific surface area and can effectively contact the soil, thereby achieving a good conditioning effect. Therefore, a spreading machine is required.

[0003] The utility model patent with the publication number CN205474730U discloses a powder spreading machine, which includes a control system, a power system, and a box system. The control system drives the box system through the power system. The box system includes a powder bin, in which an output screw, a volumetric metering barrel, and a pressure reducing plate are provided. There are six dust removal holes, two high and low level gauges, and a feeding pipe at the top of the powder bin. A feeding screw part and a distributing screw part are provided at the tail of the powder bin. The powder spreading machine of the present invention has a powerful and stable performance through an independently arranged power system, with a diesel engine driving a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic valve group distributing the flow. It only needs to be started during operation and shut down after the operation is completed. The vehicle-mounted controller is set through a liquid crystal touch screen and can display the spreading state in real time, so that the spreading amount remains constant and the spreading is uniform even when the vehicle speed changes.

[0004] However, there are still some disadvantages in the actual use of the above device. The more obvious one is that this patent is used in the field of engineering construction and is not for the agricultural field. Moreover, the structure is relatively complex, with a large number of parts used, increasing the use cost. At the same time, the powder feeding is not smooth enough, and the phenomenon of material blockage is likely to occur, resulting in fertilizer leakage and uneven spreading. At the same time, the feeding speed of the feeding mechanism cannot be controlled, and it is impossible to better control the feeding metering accuracy.

[0005] To this end, a prior art proposes a precise spreading machine for soil conditioner powder (Chinese Patent Publication No. CN218277815U), which includes a base mechanism. On the right side of the top of the base mechanism, there is a welded mounting vertical plate. On the right side of the mounting vertical plate, there is a spreading mechanism connected by bolts. On the top right side of the spreading mechanism, there is a driving mechanism connected by bolts. There is a chain movably connected between the output end of the driving mechanism and the front side of the bottom of the spreading mechanism. On the right side of the top of the base mechanism, there is a supporting bottom plate welded. The base mechanism includes a base plate. The number of the base plates is two. On the left side of the front and rear base plates, there are supporting vertical rods welded. This prior art states that through the combined use of the base mechanism, the storage bin, the fertilizing roller and the fertilizing groove, it has the advantages of reducing the use cost and avoiding material blockage, reducing the assembled parts, reducing the number of parts used, greatly saving the use cost, and at the same time not requiring the use of a conveying pipeline to avoid material blockage. However, the above prior art still has the following defects in actual application: First, the cooperation mode between the fertilizing roller and the fertilizing groove is prone to be affected by centrifugal force during the powder spreading process. When rotating at high speed, the powder is prone to stick to one side of the inner cavity of the fertilizing groove, resulting in spreading failure; Second, the fixed-volume fertilizing groove lacks a dynamic adjustment mechanism. When the operating speed or the bulk density of the soil conditioner changes, the method of adjusting the spreading amount only by the rotation speed of the driving motor has hysteresis, and it is difficult to achieve instantaneous flow precise closed-loop control, resulting in the accumulation of measurement errors; Third, there is no active arch-breaking structure inside the storage bin. The powder is prone to form a bridging phenomenon under the action of gravity, especially in a high-humidity environment, it will agglomerate and block the fertilizing groove, and it is necessary to frequently stop the machine for cleaning; Fourth, its open spreading process is significantly interfered by the wind, and the fine-particle powder is prone to drift, resulting in the loss of the application amount, which violates the requirements of precision agriculture; Fifth, there is no real-time feedback mechanism for the spreading uniformity. The operation quality depends on manual sampling inspection, and it is impossible to make online corrections for the missed spreading and overlapping areas. To this end, it is necessary to develop a precise spreading machine for soil conditioner powder to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a precise spreading machine for soil conditioner powder, which solves the problems existing in the precise spreading machine for soil conditioner powder in the prior art, such as spreading failure when the fertilizing roller rotates at high speed, lag in adjusting the spreading amount, lack of an active arch-breaking structure in the storage bin, easy influence of the spreading process by the wind, and only relying on manual identification for the spreading uniformity.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A precise soil conditioner powder spreading machine, comprising a controller, a traveling device, a wheel speed sensor and a silo. A driving box is fixedly connected to the top of the silo. A feed inlet is arranged on the front wall of the silo. A spreading box and a discharge box are arranged on the lower wall of the silo in a vertical distribution in sequence. A discharge port is arranged on the lower wall of the discharge box. Multiple groups of first driven shafts and multiple groups of second driven shafts located on the right side of the first driven shafts are arranged on the inner side wall of the driving box. A rotary driving structure for driving the first driven shafts and the second driven shafts to rotate is arranged on the driving box. The first driven shafts and the second driven shafts penetrate through the lower wall of the driving box and the upper wall of the silo and extend into the interior of the silo. A quantitative discharge structure is arranged between the ends of the first driven shafts and the second driven shafts extending into the interior of the silo and the silo. Stirring structures for stirring are arranged on the outer walls of the first driven shafts and the second driven shafts. A sieve frame is arranged on the inner side wall of the spreading box through a floating structure. A sieve mesh is detachably connected to the lower wall of the sieve frame through a clamping seat. An opening is arranged on the lower wall of the spreading box. The sieve mesh, the opening and the discharge port are vertically opposite. A vibration structure is arranged on the lower wall of the sieve frame and on one side of the opening. A detection structure for detecting the spreading density is arranged on the right wall of the spreading box.

[0008] Preferably, multiple groups of first driven shafts are sequentially rotatably connected to the lower inner side wall of the driving box in a front-back distribution. Multiple groups of second driven shafts are sequentially rotatably connected to the lower inner side wall of the driving box in a front-back distribution respectively. The side views of multiple groups of first driven shafts are respectively located between two adjacent groups of multiple groups of second driven shafts.

[0009] Preferably, the rotary driving structure includes a first driving motor, a second driving motor, a first driving gear, a first driven gear, a second driving gear and a second driven gear. The first driving motor and the second driving motor are both fixedly connected to the upper wall of the driving box and are respectively close to the left front corner and the right rear corner of the upper wall of the driving box. The extending shafts of the first driving motor and the second driving motor penetrate through the upper wall of the driving box and extend into the interior of the driving box. The first driving gear is fixedly connected to one end of the extending shaft of the first driving motor extending into the interior of the driving box. The second driving gear is fixedly connected to one end of the extending shaft of the second driving motor extending into the interior of the driving box. The first driven gear is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the frontmost group among multiple groups of first driven shafts. The first driving gear meshes with the outer wall of the first driven gear. The second driven gear is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rearmost group among multiple groups of second driven shafts. The second driving gear meshes with the outer wall of the second driven gear.

[0010] Preferably, first synchronous wheels are fixedly connected to the outer walls of multiple groups of first driven shafts. Any two adjacent groups among multiple groups of first synchronous wheels are meshed through a first synchronous belt. Second synchronous wheels are fixedly connected to the outer walls of multiple groups of second driven shafts. Any two adjacent groups among multiple groups of second synchronous wheels are meshed through a second synchronous belt.

[0011] Preferably, the quantitative discharging structure includes multiple groups of discharging pipes, which are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the silo, and multiple groups of first driven shafts and second driven shafts are respectively opposite to one group of discharging pipes up and down, and one end of the first driven shaft extending into the interior of the silo and one end of the second driven shaft extending into the interior of the silo are fixedly connected with a screw, and the outer wall of the screw is slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharging pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the stirring structure includes multiple groups of stirring rods, multiple groups of first driven shafts and multiple groups of second driven shafts extending into the outer wall of the silo are fixedly connected with fixed sleeves, the multiple groups of stirring rods are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of one group of fixed sleeves, the multiple groups of stirring rods are staggeredly distributed up and down, and when the multiple groups of first driven shafts and the multiple groups of second driven shafts rotate at the same time, the multiple groups of stirring rods do not interfere with each other.

[0013] Preferably, the floating structure includes two groups of support plates and four groups of connecting columns. The four groups of connecting columns are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the screen frame and are respectively close to the four corners of the lower wall of the screen frame. The two groups of support plates are respectively fixedly connected to the inner front wall and the inner rear wall of the material spreading box. The lower wall of the support plate and the inner wall of the material spreading box are supported by reinforcing ribs. Two groups of makeshift holes are provided on the inner wall of each group of support plates. Each group of connecting columns is respectively inserted into the inner wall of a group of makeshift holes. A spring is provided between the screen frame and the support plate and on the outside of the connecting column. A limiting ring for constraining the lower end of the spring is provided on the upper wall of the support plate. Four groups of tension springs are provided on the lower wall of the support plate and the outer wall of the connecting column and close to the lower end. The four groups of tension springs are evenly distributed in a circle with the axis of the connecting column as the center.

[0014] Preferably, the detection structure includes two groups of cameras and brackets, the two groups of brackets are distributed front and back and are fixedly connected to the right wall of the material spreading box in sequence, and the two groups of cameras are respectively fixedly connected to one end of a group of brackets away from the material spreading box.

[0015] Preferably, the vibration structure is a vibration motor, which is fixedly connected to the lower wall of the material spreading box and is located on the left side of the opening.

[0016] Preferably, the inner left wall and the inner right wall of the screen frame are fixedly connected with guide plates, the lower ends of the two groups of guide plates are fixedly connected to the inner lower wall of the screen frame and are respectively located on the left and right sides of the opening, and the upper ends of the two groups of guide plates are respectively close to the left and right walls of the screen frame.

[0017] The soil conditioning powder precision spreader of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The soil conditioning powder precision spreader has a dual-mode dynamic control mechanism. Through the optimized design of initially activating only a single-row screw (the first or second driven shaft), energy consumption is reduced when the travel speed matches the spreading amount required. When the travel speed is too fast and the spreading amount is insufficient, the drive motor speed is increased first to linearly increase the single-row screw feed rate. If the demand is still not met, the double-row screw synchronous feed rate is activated at the same time to achieve "speed regulation + additional shaft" two-level control, significantly expanding the flow adjustment range to cover low, medium and high spreading amount requirements.

[0018] 2. The soil conditioning powder precision spreader has a sliding connection structure between the screw and the discharge pipe to achieve precise linear control of the powder flow rate. Combined with the closed-loop speed regulation of the drive motor, it ensures that the spreading amount is dynamically matched with the walking speed. The vibration motor drives the screen frame to vibrate at high frequency to destroy powder agglomeration and promote uniform dispersion. The design of the lower end of the discharge box close to the soil surface suppresses wind interference, allowing the powder to settle directly to the target area, effectively improving the spreading uniformity.

[0019] 3. This soil conditioning powder precision spreader is equipped with staggered stirring rods in the silo to prevent powder bridging. The stirring rods staggered up and down form a three-dimensional disturbance flow when rotating, which completely eliminates the agglomeration and bridging of powder in the silo and ensures continuous and stable feeding.

[0020] 4. The soil conditioning powder precision spreader monitors the spreading status in real time through the spreading density detection structure, and automatically triggers the speed regulation or dual-axis linkage strategy based on the controller's integrated analysis of the wheel speed sensor, motor speed, and dual-axis activation status, to achieve "speed-flow-density" multi-parameter coordinated control. It can still maintain a high metering accuracy in complex terrain or variable speed operations, meeting the stringent requirements of precision agriculture for the homogeneous application of soil conditioners. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the discharging box of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the top structure of the drive box of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a partial side cross-sectional view of the first driven shaft, the first synchronous wheel and the first synchronous belt connection structure of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the interior side of the silo of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the top surface of the material spreading box of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the connection structure of the material spreading box, the support plate, the screen frame and the connection column of the present invention; Figure 8For the present invention Figure 7 Partial enlarged view of location A in the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic cross-sectional view of the connection structure of the sieve frame, material guide plate and sieve mesh of the present invention.

[0022] Wherein, 1. material bin; 2. feed inlet; 3. drive box; 4. material spreading box; 5. discharge box; 6. support; 7. camera; 8. discharge port; 9. first drive motor; 10. second drive motor; 11. first driven shaft; 12. second driven shaft; 13. first driving gear; 14. first driven gear; 15. second driving gear; 16. second driven gear; 17. first synchronous pulley; 18. first synchronous belt; 19. second synchronous pulley; 20. second synchronous belt; 21. discharge pipe; 22. screw; 23. support plate; 2301. relief hole; 24. sieve frame; 2401. material guide plate; 25. sieve mesh; 26. vibration motor; 27. connecting column; 28. spring; 29. tension spring; 30. reinforcing rib; 31. clamping seat; 32. fixing sleeve; 33. stirring rod; 34. limiting ring. Specific embodiments

[0023] Next, in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described.

[0024] Embodiment As Figures 1 to 9 shown, an embodiment of a soil conditioner powder precise spreading machine of the present invention includes a controller, a traveling device, a wheel speed sensor, and a material bin 1. A drive box 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the material bin 1. A feed inlet 2 is arranged on the front wall of the material bin 1. A material spreading box 4 and a discharge box 5 are arranged on the lower wall of the material bin 1 in a vertical distribution in sequence; In order to suppress the wind dispersion during the powder spreading process and improve the accuracy of the application amount, a discharge port 8 is arranged on the lower wall of the discharge box 5. The side of the discharge box 5 away from the material spreading box 4 is close to the soil surface. The material bin 1 is connected to the traveling device through a common lifting structure on the market. The lifting structure can be any one of an electric telescopic rod and a hydraulic cylinder. Through the lifting structure, it is relatively easy to control the distance between the discharge port 8 and the soil surface, forming a semi-closed diversion channel. The powder passes through the material spreading box 4 and is screened and then vertically falls through the discharge box 5, directly contacting the soil surface, avoiding the interference of side winds in the open throwing, reducing the loss of fine particle powder dispersion, reducing the risk of environmental pollution, and at the same time ensuring that the spreading trajectory is concentrated and improving the landing accuracy; In order to achieve the independent or synchronous drive of the twin-screw 22 and meet the requirements of flow rate grading regulation under different working conditions, multiple groups of first driven shafts 11 are provided on the inner side wall of the drive box 3, and multiple groups of second driven shafts 12 are provided on the right side of the first driven shafts 11. A rotary drive structure for driving the rotation of the first driven shafts 11 and the second driven shafts 12 is provided on the drive box 3. The rotary drive structure includes a first drive motor 9, a second drive motor 10, a first driving gear 13, a first driven gear 14, a second driving gear 15, and a second driven gear 16. The first drive motor 9 and the second drive motor 10 are both fixedly connected to the upper wall of the drive box 3 and are respectively close to the left front corner and the right rear corner of the upper wall of the drive box 3. The extending shafts of the first drive motor 9 and the second drive motor 10 both penetrate through the upper wall of the drive box 3 and extend into the interior of the drive box 3. The first driving gear 13 is fixedly connected to one end of the extending shaft of the first drive motor 9 that extends into the interior of the drive box 3. The second driving gear 15 is fixedly connected to one end of the extending shaft of the second drive motor 10 that extends into the interior of the drive box 3. The first driven gear 14 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the frontmost group among the multiple groups of first driven shafts 11. The first driving gear 13 meshes with the outer wall of the first driven gear 14. The second driven gear 16 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rearmost group among the multiple groups of second driven shafts 12. The second driving gear 15 meshes with the outer wall of the second driven gear 16. First synchronous wheels 17 are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the multiple groups of first driven shafts 11. Any two adjacent groups among the multiple groups of first synchronous wheels 17 are meshed through a first synchronous belt 18. Second synchronous wheels 19 are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the multiple groups of second driven shafts 12. Any two adjacent groups among the multiple groups of second synchronous wheels 19 are meshed through a second synchronous belt 20. The first drive motor 9 drives the rotation of the first driven shafts 11 through the first driving gear 13 and the first driven gear 14; the second drive motor 10 drives the rotation of the second driven shafts 12 through the second driving gear 15 and the second driven gear 16, and the power transmission of the two shafts is independent; the first synchronous wheels 17 and the first synchronous belt 18 enable the multiple groups of first driven shafts 11 to rotate synchronously, and the second synchronous wheels 19 and the second synchronous belt 20 enable the multiple groups of second driven shafts 12 to rotate synchronously; the side view projection of the first driven shafts 11 is located between two adjacent groups of the second driven shafts 12 to avoid the movement interference of the stirring rods 33; by separately starting and stopping the first drive motor 9 or the second drive motor 10 through the controller, the single-axis / double-axis feeding mode can be switched, and the wide-range adjustment of the flow rate can be achieved in cooperation with the motor speed regulation (such as initially only enabling a single axis and the two axes being linked during high-speed operation), solving the problems of insufficient flow rate adjustment range and insufficient accuracy of the traditional spreading structure; To improve the spreading uniformity, multiple groups of first driven shafts 11 are sequentially rotatably connected to the inner lower wall of the driving box 3 in a front-to-back distribution, and multiple groups of second driven shafts 12 are sequentially rotatably connected to the inner lower wall of the driving box 3 separately in a front-to-back manner. In the side view projection of multiple groups of first driven shafts 11, they are respectively located between adjacent two of multiple groups of second driven shafts 12. Through the above settings, the side view projections of the two rows of screws 22 do not overlap, forming a staggered distribution; this layout can expand the spreading coverage width, and at the same time avoid local overdosage caused by the overlap of the throwing areas of adjacent screws 22, improving the spreading uniformity. To achieve a linearly controllable output of the powder flow rate and improve the metering accuracy, the first driven shaft 11 and the second driven shaft 12 both penetrate the lower wall of the driving box 3 and the upper wall of the storage bin 1 and extend into the interior of the storage bin 1. A quantitative discharging structure is provided between the ends of the first driven shaft 11 and the second driven shaft 12 extending into the interior of the storage bin 1 and the storage bin 1. The quantitative discharging structure includes multiple groups of discharging pipes 21. Multiple groups of discharging pipes 21 are all fixedly connected to the lower wall of the storage bin 1. Multiple groups of first driven shafts 11 and second driven shafts 12 are respectively vertically opposite to a group of discharging pipes 21. One end of the first driven shaft 11 extending into the interior of the storage bin 1 and one end of the second driven shaft 12 extending into the interior of the storage bin 1 are both fixedly connected with screws 22. The outer wall of the screw 22 is slidably connected to the inner side wall of the discharging pipe 21. The screws 22 at the ends of the first driven shaft 11 and the second driven shaft 12 are inserted into the corresponding discharging pipes 21. The gap between the outer wall thread of the screw 22 and the inner wall of the discharging pipe 21 is 0.5 - 1 mm. When the screw 22 rotates, the powder moves axially along the discharging pipe 21 under the push of the thread. The material conveying amount per unit time is proportional to the rotation speed of the screw. By controlling the rotation speeds of the driving motors 9 and 10, the single-axis or double-axis material conveying amount can be precisely adjusted, realizing the dynamic matching of the spreading amount and the traveling speed, and avoiding the errors caused by the change of the powder bulk density in the traditional volumetric metering. To prevent the powder in the storage bin 1 from caking or bridging and ensure continuous and stable feeding, a stirring structure for stirring is provided on the outer walls of the first driven shaft 11 and the second driven shaft 12. The stirring structure includes multiple groups of stirring rods 33. Fixed sleeves 32 are fixedly connected to the outer walls of multiple groups of first driven shafts 11 and multiple groups of second driven shafts 12 extending into the interior of the storage bin 1. Multiple groups of stirring rods 33 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer walls of a group of fixed sleeves 32. Multiple groups of stirring rods 33 are distributed in a staggered manner up and down. When multiple groups of first driven shafts 11 and multiple groups of second driven shafts 12 rotate simultaneously, multiple groups of stirring rods 33 do not interfere with each other. The stirring rods 33 of the first driven shaft 11 and the second driven shaft 12 are staggered in the vertical direction. Multiple groups of stirring rods 33 form a three-dimensional shear flow in the storage bin 1, breaking the powder agglomerates; eliminating the bridging phenomenon of the powder caused by humidity or static electricity, ensuring the fluidity of the powder at the entrance of the discharging pipe 21 at the bottom of the storage bin 1, and avoiding the interruption of spreading caused by material blockage. In order to promote uniform dispersion of powder and avoid clogging of screen 25, a screen frame 24 is provided on the inner wall of material spreading box 4 through a floating structure, and the lower wall of screen frame 24 is detachably connected with screen 25 through a holder 31, and an opening is provided on the lower wall of material spreading box 4, and screen 25, opening and discharge port 8 are opposite to each other in upper and lower directions, and a vibration motor 26 is provided on the lower wall of screen frame 24 and on one side of the opening, and guide plates 2401 are fixedly connected to the inner left wall and the inner right wall of screen frame 24, and the lower ends of the two groups of guide plates 2401 are connected to the The inner lower wall of the sieve frame 24 is fixedly connected and respectively located on the left and right sides of the opening. The upper ends of the two groups of guide plates 2401 are respectively close to the left and right walls of the sieve frame 24. The floating structure includes two groups of support plates 23 and four groups of connecting columns 27. The four groups of connecting columns 27 are all fixedly connected to the lower wall of the sieve frame 24 and respectively close to the four corners of the lower wall of the sieve frame 24. The two groups of support plates 23 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner front wall and the inner rear wall of the material spreading box 4. The lower wall of the support plate 23 and the inner wall of the material spreading box 4 are connected by a The ribs 30 support, each group of support plates 23 inner wall are provided with two groups of clearance holes 2301, each group of connecting columns 27 are respectively inserted into the inner wall of a group of clearance holes 2301, a spring 28 is arranged between the screen frame 24 and the support plate 23 and on the outside of the connecting column 27, a limiting ring 34 constraining the lower end of the spring 28 is arranged on the upper wall of the support plate 23, and four groups of tension springs 29 are arranged on the lower wall of the support plate 23 and the outer wall of the connecting column 27 and near the lower end, and the four groups of tension springs 29 are centered on the axis of the connecting column 27 The center is evenly distributed in a circle, and the screen frame 24 is suspended in the spreading box 4 through the connecting column 27, the spring 28, and the tension spring 29. The exciting force generated by the vibration motor 26 causes the screen frame 24 to produce three-dimensional micro-vibration: after the powder falls into the screen frame 24, it is guided to the center area of the screen 25 through the left and right guide plates 2401. Under the action of vibration, the powder evenly passes through the screen 25 and enters the discharge box 5; vibration screening prevents the powder from accumulating on the surface of the screen 25, and the guide plate 2401 ensures that the powder is evenly distributed, thereby improving the uniformity of spreading; In order to monitor the spreading status in real time and dynamically adjust the equipment parameters, a detection structure for detecting the spreading density is provided on the right wall of the spreading box 4. The detection structure includes two groups of cameras 7 and brackets 6. The two groups of brackets 6 are distributed front and back and are fixedly connected to the right wall of the spreading box 4 in sequence. The two groups of cameras 7 are respectively fixedly connected to one end of a group of brackets 6 away from the spreading box 4. The walking device drives the spreader to move from right to left. The two groups of cameras 7 are fixed to the right wall of the spreading box 4 through the brackets 6, and the lenses are aimed at the soil surface area after the discharge box 5 is spread. The controller analyzes the powder coverage density based on the image recognition algorithm and combines the wheel speed sensor signal to adjust the speed of the drive motors 9 and 10 or switch the single-axis / dual-axis mode; forming a "detection-feedback-adjustment" closed-loop control to maintain the stability of the spreading amount in complex terrain or variable speed operations and reduce the need for manual intervention.

[0025] Working principle: the silo 1 is connected to the walking device through a common lifting structure on the market. The lifting structure can be any one of an electric telescopic rod and a hydraulic cylinder. The lifting structure can easily control the distance between the discharge port 8 and the soil surface to form a semi-closed diversion channel. The powder is screened by the spreading box 4 and then falls vertically through the discharge box 5 to directly contact the soil surface, avoiding the interference of open-type scattering by side winds, reducing the loss of fine-particle powder and the risk of environmental pollution, while ensuring the concentration of the spreading trajectory and improving the landing point accuracy. The first drive motor 9 drives the first driven shaft 11 to rotate through the first driving gear 13 and the first driven gear 14; the second drive motor 10 drives the second driven shaft 12 to rotate through the second driving gear 15 and the second driven gear 16, and the power transmission of the two shafts is independent; the first synchronous wheel 17 and the first synchronous belt 18 make multiple groups of first driven shafts 11 rotate synchronously, and the second synchronous wheel 19 and the second synchronous belt 20 make multiple groups of second driven shafts 12 rotate synchronously Rotation; the side projection of the first driven shaft 11 is located between two adjacent groups of the second driven shaft 12 to avoid interference with the movement of the stirring rod 33; the first drive motor 9 or the second drive motor 10 is started and stopped separately by the controller, and the single-axis / double-axis feeding mode can be switched, and the motor speed regulation is cooperated to realize wide-range flow adjustment (such as only enabling the single axis at the beginning, and the double axis linkage during high-speed operation), which solves the problems of insufficient flow adjustment range and insufficient precision of the traditional spreading structure. The multiple groups of first driven shafts 11 are respectively located between two adjacent groups of the multiple groups of second driven shafts 12 in side projection. Through the above arrangement, the side projections of the two rows of screws 22 do not overlap, forming a staggered distribution; this layout can expand the spreading coverage width, while avoiding local excess caused by overlapping of the scattering areas of adjacent screws 22, and improving the spreading uniformity. The screws 22 at the ends of the first driven shaft 11 and the second driven shaft 12 are inserted into the corresponding discharge pipes 21, and the gap between the outer wall thread of the screw 22 and the inner wall of the discharge pipe 21 is 0.5-1mm.When the screw 22 rotates, the powder moves axially along the discharge pipe 21 under the push of the thread. The material conveying volume per unit time is proportional to the rotational speed of the screw. By controlling the rotational speeds of the drive motors 9 and 10, the single-axis or double-axis material conveying volume can be precisely adjusted to achieve the dynamic matching of the spreading amount and the traveling speed, avoiding the errors caused by the change of the powder bulk density in the traditional volumetric metering. Multiple groups of stirring rods 33 are arranged in a staggered manner up and down. When multiple groups of the first driven shafts 11 and multiple groups of the second driven shafts 12 rotate simultaneously, there is no interference between the multiple groups of stirring rods 33. The stirring rods 33 of the first driven shaft 11 and the second driven shaft 12 are arranged in a staggered manner in the vertical direction. The multiple groups of stirring rods 33 form a three-dimensional shear flow in the storage bin 1 to break the powder agglomerates; eliminate the bridging phenomenon caused by the humidity or static electricity of the powder, ensure the fluidity of the powder at the inlet of the discharge pipe 21 at the bottom of the storage bin 1, and avoid the interruption of spreading caused by material blockage. The sieve frame 24 is suspended in the spreading box 4 through the connecting columns 27, springs 28, and tension springs 29. The exciting force generated by the vibration motor 26 causes the sieve frame 24 to generate three-dimensional micro-amplitude vibrations: after the powder falls into the sieve frame 24, it is guided to the central area of the sieve mesh 25 by the left and right guide plates 2401. Under the vibration, the powder uniformly passes through the sieve mesh 25 and enters the discharge box 5; the vibration screening avoids the accumulation of the powder on the surface of the sieve mesh 25, and the guide plates 2401 ensure the uniform distribution of the powder, improving the spreading uniformity. Two groups of cameras 7 are respectively fixedly connected to one end of a group of brackets 6 away from the spreading box 4. The traveling device drives the spreader to travel from right to left. The two groups of cameras 7 are fixed to the right wall of the spreading box 4 through the brackets 6, and the lenses are aligned with the soil surface area after the powder is spread in the discharge box 5. The controller analyzes the powder coverage density based on the image recognition algorithm, combines the wheel speed sensor signal, and adjusts the rotational speeds of the drive motors 9 and 10 or switches the single-axis / double-axis mode; forms a "detection - feedback - adjustment" closed-loop control to maintain the stability of the spreading amount in complex terrains or variable-speed operations and reduce the need for manual intervention.

Claims

1. A precise spreading machine for soil conditioner powder, characterized in that: It includes a controller, a traveling device, wheel speed sensors, and a silo (1). A drive box (3) is fixedly connected to the top of the silo (1). A feed inlet (2) is provided on the front wall of the silo (1). A spreading box (4) and a discharge box (5) are sequentially arranged on the lower wall of the silo (1) from top to bottom. A discharge port (8) is provided on the lower wall of the discharge box (5). Multiple groups of first driven shafts (11) and multiple groups of second driven shafts (12) located on the right side of the first driven shafts (11) are arranged on the inner side wall of the drive box (3). A rotary drive structure for driving the rotation of the first driven shafts (11) and the second driven shafts (12) is provided on the drive box (3). The first driven shafts (11) and the second driven shafts (12) both penetrate through the lower wall of the drive box (3) and the upper wall of the silo (1) and extend into the interior of the silo (1). A quantitative discharge structure is provided between the ends of the first driven shafts (11) and the second driven shafts (12) extending into the interior of the silo (1) and the silo (1). Stirring structures for stirring are arranged on the outer walls of the first driven shafts (11) and the second driven shafts (12). A sieve frame (24) is arranged on the inner side wall of the spreading box (4) through a floating structure. A sieve mesh (25) is detachably connected to the lower wall of the sieve frame (24) through a clamping seat (31). An opening is provided on the lower wall of the spreading box (4). The sieve mesh (25), the opening, and the discharge port (8) are vertically opposite. A vibration motor (26) is arranged on the lower wall of the sieve frame (24) and on one side of the opening. A detection structure for detecting the spreading density is arranged on the right wall of the spreading box (4).

2. The precise spreading machine for soil conditioner powder according to claim 1, wherein: The multiple groups of the first driven shafts (11) are sequentially rotatably connected to the inner lower wall of the drive box (3) in a front-back distribution. The multiple groups of the second driven shafts (12) are sequentially rotatably connected to the inner lower wall of the drive box (3) respectively in a front-back distribution. The side view projections of the multiple groups of the first driven shafts (11) are respectively located between adjacent two groups of the multiple groups of the second driven shafts (12).

3. The precision fertilizer broadcaster for soil conditioner powder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotary drive structure includes a first drive motor (9), a second drive motor (10), a first driving gear (13), a first driven gear (14), a second driving gear (15), and a second driven gear (16). The first drive motor (9) and the second drive motor (10) are both fixedly connected to the upper wall of the drive box (3) and are respectively close to the left front corner and the right rear corner of the upper wall of the drive box (3). The output shafts of the first drive motor (9) and the second drive motor (10) both penetrate through the upper wall of the drive box (3) and extend into the interior of the drive box (3). The first driving gear (13) is fixedly connected to one end of the output shaft of the first drive motor (9) extending into the interior of the drive box (3). The second driving gear (15) is fixedly connected to one end of the output shaft of the second drive motor (10) extending into the interior of the drive box (3). The first driven gear (14) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the frontmost group among the multiple groups of the first driven shafts (11). The first driving gear (13) meshes with the outer wall of the first driven gear (14). The second driven gear (16) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rearmost group among the multiple groups of the second driven shafts (12). The second driving gear (15) meshes with the outer wall of the second driven gear (16).

4. The precision fertilizer broadcaster for soil conditioner powder according to claim 3, wherein: The outer walls of the plurality of groups of the first driven shafts (11) are all fixedly connected with first synchronous wheels (17), and any two adjacent groups of the plurality of groups of the first synchronous wheels (17) are meshed with each other via a first synchronous belt (18); the outer walls of the plurality of groups of the second driven shafts (12) are all fixedly connected with second synchronous wheels (19), and any two adjacent groups of the plurality of groups of the second synchronous wheels (19) are meshed with each other via a second synchronous belt (20).

5. The precise spreading machine for soil conditioner powder according to claim 4, characterized in that: The quantitative discharging structure comprises a plurality of groups of discharging pipes (21), the plurality of groups of discharging pipes (21) are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the silo (1), the plurality of groups of first driven shafts (11) and second driven shafts (12) are respectively opposed to one group of discharging pipes (21) in upper and lower positions, one end of the first driven shaft (11) extending into the interior of the silo (1) and one end of the second driven shaft (12) extending into the interior of the silo (1) are fixedly connected to a screw (22), and the outer wall of the screw (22) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the discharging pipe (21).

6. The precise fertilizer broadcaster for soil conditioner powder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stirring structure comprises a plurality of groups of stirring rods (33), the outer walls of the plurality of groups of first driven shafts (11) and the plurality of groups of second driven shafts (12) extending into the interior of the silo (1) are fixedly connected to fixed sleeves (32), the plurality of groups of stirring rods (33) are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of a group of fixed sleeves (32), the plurality of groups of stirring rods (33) are staggeredly distributed up and down, and the plurality of groups of stirring rods (33) do not interfere with each other when the plurality of groups of first driven shafts (11) and the plurality of groups of second driven shafts (12) rotate simultaneously.

7. A precise spreading machine for soil conditioning powder according to claim 6, characterized in that: The floating structure comprises two groups of support plates (23) and four groups of connecting columns (27). The four groups of connecting columns (27) are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the sieve frame (24) and are respectively close to the four corners of the lower wall of the sieve frame (24). The two groups of support plates (23) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner front wall and the inner rear wall of the material spreading box (4). The lower wall of the support plate (23) and the inner wall of the material spreading box (4) are supported by reinforcing ribs (30). The inner wall of each group of support plates (23) is provided with two groups of clearance holes (2301). Each group of connecting columns (27) is respectively inserted into the inner wall of a group of clearance holes (2301); a spring (28) is arranged between the screen frame (24) and the support plate (23) and located on the outside of the connecting column (27); a limiting ring (34) is arranged on the upper wall of the support plate (23) to constrain the lower end of the spring (28); and four groups of tension springs (29) are arranged on the lower wall of the support plate (23) and the outer wall of the connecting column (27) and near the lower end. The four groups of tension springs (29) are evenly distributed in a circle with the axis of the connecting column (27) as the center.

8. The precise spreading machine for soil conditioner powder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The detection structure comprises two groups of cameras (7) and brackets (6); the two groups of brackets (6) are arranged front and back and are fixedly connected in sequence to the right wall of the material spreading box (4); and the two groups of cameras (7) are respectively fixedly connected to one end of a group of brackets (6) away from the material spreading box (4).

9. The precision broadcaster for soil conditioner powder according to claim 8, characterized in that: The side of the material discharging box (5) away from the material spreading box (4) is close to the soil surface.

10. A precise spreading machine for soil conditioner powder according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inner left wall and the inner right wall of the sieve frame (24) are both fixedly connected with guide plates (2401); the lower ends of the two sets of guide plates (2401) are both fixedly connected to the inner lower wall of the sieve frame (24) and are respectively located on the left and right sides of the opening; the upper ends of the two sets of guide plates (2401) are respectively close to the left and right walls of the sieve frame (24).

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