Construction planting method beneficial to camellia oleifera picking and maintenance

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry planting, and discloses a construction planting method beneficial to camellia oleifera picking and maintenance, which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting camellia oleifera trees with similar growth states, arranging the selected camellia oleifera trees in a row, the control of the spacing Sc between two adjacent camellia oleifera plants in the same column follows the following principles: (1) when the slope angle of the planting land is less than 15 degrees, Sc is more than or equal to 3.5 m and less than or equal to 4.5 m; (2) when the slope angle of the planting land is larger than or equal to 15 degrees, Sc is larger than or equal to 2.5 m and smaller than or equal to 4 m; (3) the closer the gradient direction is to the north-south direction, the larger the Sc is, and the closer the gradient direction is to the east-west direction, the smaller the Sc is; s2, two adjacent columns of camellia oleifera trees are woven into one group, and a narrow lane is arranged between the two columns of camellia oleifera trees in the same group; s3, a wide lane is arranged between two adjacent columns of camellia oleifera trees between two adjacent groups; and S4, a plastic film is laid on the wide lane between every two adjacent groups. On the premise of ensuring the planting quality of camellia oleifera, the labor cost of later picking is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of forestry planting, and particularly relates to a construction planting method beneficial to the picking and maintenance of oil tea trees. Background Art

[0002] The wide-narrow row planting mode of oil tea that is light, simple and suitable for machinery is suitable for plots with a soil layer thickness of more than 25% and a slope of less than 25%. Moreover, most of the core development areas of oil tea are in low mountain and hilly areas. In these areas, mechanized picking cannot be achieved, and only manual labor can be relied on, resulting in extremely high labor costs for picking oil tea in the later stage of planting. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the planting method to facilitate the picking and maintenance of oil tea, and reduce the labor cost in the later stage of picking on the premise of ensuring the planting quality of oil tea. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction planting method beneficial to the picking and maintenance of oil tea trees in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, which reduces the labor cost in the later stage of picking on the premise of ensuring the planting quality of oil tea trees.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a construction planting method beneficial to the picking and maintenance of oil tea trees, including the following steps:

[0005] S1. Select oil tea trees with similar growth states and arrange them in a row. The row direction is perpendicular to the slope direction of the planting land. The plant spacing S between adjacent two oil tea trees in the same row c is controlled according to the following principles:

[0006] (1) When the slope angle of the planting land is less than 15°, 3.5 m ≤ S c ≤ 4.5 m;

[0007] (2) When the slope angle of the planting land is greater than or equal to 15°, 2.5 m ≤ S c ≤ 4 m;

[0008] (3) The closer the slope direction is to the north-south direction, the larger S c is, and the closer the slope direction is to the east-west direction, the smaller S c is;

[0009] S2. Group the two adjacent rows of oil tea trees nearby. The narrow alley is located between the two rows of oil tea trees in the same group;

[0010] S3. The wide alley is located between the two adjacent rows of oil tea trees in the adjacent groups;

[0011] S4. Lay plastic film on the wide alley between the adjacent groups.

[0012] Further, in the above S1, the oil tea trees with similar growth states are specifically: oil tea trees with similar height and size.

[0013] Further, in S2, two adjacent rows of oil tea trees are grouped together. A narrow alley is formed between the two rows of oil tea trees in the same group, and the spacing of the narrow alley is:

[0014] S z = S c ÷ cos

[0015] where S c is the spacing between adjacent oil tea tree plants in the same row; cos is the slope angle.

[0016] Further, in S3, a wide alley is formed between the two adjacent rows of oil tea trees in the adjacent groups, and the spacing of the wide alley is:

[0017] S k = S z + 1 m

[0018] where Sz is the spacing of the narrow alley.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention can reduce the labor cost of picking, the capital investment in mechanical equipment, and shorten the residence time of tea fruits in the base, which is very beneficial to areas with steep mountain slopes and difficult mechanized picking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure after construction and planting using the method of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of oil tea fruit picking;

[0022] In the figure: 1, oil tea tree; 2, plastic film; S c , the spacing between adjacent oil tea tree plants in the same row; S z , the spacing of the narrow alley; S k , the spacing of the wide alley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] A construction and planting method beneficial to oil tea picking and maintenance includes the following steps:

[0025] S1, select oil tea trees with similar growth states such as height and size and arrange them in a row. The row direction is perpendicular to the slope direction of the planting land. The control of the spacing S c between adjacent oil tea tree plants in the same row follows the following principle:

[0026] (1) When the slope angle of the planting land is less than 15°, 3.5 m ≤ S c ≤ 4.5 m;

[0027] (2) When the slope angle of the planting area is greater than or equal to 15°, 2.5 m ≤ S c ≤ 4 m;

[0028] (3) The closer the slope direction is to the north-south direction, the larger S c is, and the closer the slope direction is to the east-west direction, the smaller S c is;

[0029] The transverse slope spacing of sapling planting varies according to the slope. Generally speaking, the larger the slope, the closer the trees should be to each other, and the transverse slope spacing needs to be appropriately reduced (usually reduced by 0.5 - 1 m) to make full use of the space and enhance the soil and water conservation ability to avoid wasteland; while in places with a smaller slope, the distance between trees should be appropriately widened to avoid difficulties in picking and ventilation caused by overlapping crowns.

[0030] The north-south slopes have uniform sunlight, and the spacing can be slightly larger; the east-west slopes need to consider the shading effect and appropriately reduce the spacing.

[0031] S2, Two adjacent rows of oil tea trees are grouped together. The space between the two rows of oil tea trees in the same group is a narrow lane, and the narrow lane spacing S z = S c ÷ cos(slope angle).

[0032] S3, The space between two adjacent rows of oil tea trees in the adjacent groups is a wide lane, and the wide lane spacing S k = S z + 1 m;

[0033] The wide lane spacing is increased by 1 m on the basis of the narrow lane spacing, which is convenient for setting picking facilities in the later stage.

[0034] S4, Lay plastic film on the wide lanes between adjacent groups;

[0035] The wide lanes reserve space for setting plastic film 2 for transmission, which can assist in the rapid transportation of oil tea fruits during manual picking. Plastic film 2 can be reused to reduce labor and cost waste for tea farmers.

[0036] The above method follows the "narrow and wide lane" planting method, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 ( Figure 2 The arrow in it indicates the falling direction of oil tea fruits, and all oil tea fruits fall to the place where plastic film 2 is laid), in the same group, the four adjacent plants are planted in a cross shape. Therefore, combining the Pythagorean theorem, the narrow lane spacing S z = S c ÷ cos(slope angle), and at the same time, the north-south slopes have uniform sunlight, and S c can be slightly larger, while the east-west slopes need to consider the shading effect and appropriately reduce S c .

[0037] The method of the present invention is obtained through the cooperation between the inventor and local growers, combined with planting experience, experimental design, data collection and analysis, and verification and optimization. The specific process is as follows:

[0038] I. Site selection

[0039] The hilly areas of Guangxi are suitable for the cultivation of Camellia oleifera. However, due to the difficulty in carrying out mechanization, the popularization is restricted. Therefore, the experimental areas are selected in Guangxi, including the following specific locations:

[0040] 1. The eastern region of Binyang County. The local growers mostly choose planting fields with slopes ranging from 15° to 30°.

[0041] 2. The central region of Ningming County. The slopes of the local growers' planting fields are basically below 15°.

[0042] 3. The northern region of Ningming County. The slopes of the local growers' planting fields are mostly above 30°.

[0043] II. Experimental design

[0044] 1. Combining the actual situations of the planting fields in each region, 15° is selected as the applicable threshold.

[0045] 2. It is difficult to carry out local mechanical harvesting. After research, the inventor selects the "narrow and wide alley" planting method. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the rationality and operability of the "narrow and wide alley" planting method.

[0046] 3. Variable control;

[0047] (1) Independent variables: slope angle (divided into three levels: <15°, 15° to 30°, >30°), slope aspect (divided into south, north, east, west, and intermediate gradient);

[0048] (2) Dependent variables: growth indicators of Camellia oleifera trees (plant height, crown width, yield per plant), soil erosion amount, fertilizer application amount, irrigation control, variety consistency.

[0049] 4. Experimental grouping;

[0050] Camellia oleifera trees of the same variety and with consistent growth status are used for planting.

[0051] The eastern region of Binyang County is set as Group A, and its experimental distribution is shown in Table 1:

[0052] Table 1 Experimental distribution of Group A

[0053] Group Slope Angle <![CDATA[S c Set]]> Number of Repetitions A1 15° 2.5 m 3 A2 18° 2 m 3 A3 24° 4 m 3 A4 30° 3 m 3 A5 25° 4.5 m 3 A6 21° 4 m 3

[0054] The central region of Ningming County is set as Group B, and its experimental distribution is shown in Table 2:

[0055] Table 2 Experimental distribution of Group B

[0056] Group Slope Angle <![CDATA[S c Set]]> Number of Repetitions B1 2° 2.5 m 3 B2 7° 2 m 3 B3 6° 4 m 3 B4 13° 3 m 3 B5 11° 4.5 m 3 B6 4° 4 m 3

[0057] The northern region of Ningming County is set as Group C, and its test distribution is shown in Table 3:

[0058] Table 3 Test Distribution of Group C

[0059] Group Slope Angle <![CDATA[S c Set]]> Number of Repetitions C1 32° 2.5 m 3 C2 40° 2 m 3 C3 33° 4 m 3 C4 32° 3 m 3 C5 35° 4.5 m 3 C6 37° 4 m 3

[0060] III. Implementation Stage

[0061] 1. Topographic Modeling and Plot Division

[0062] (1) Use a three-dimensional laser scanner to construct a digital elevation model (DEM) of the test area; (2) Divide the standardized plots of 20m×20m according to the slope angle, and set isolation belts at the boundaries.

[0063] 2. Data Analysis

[0064] (1) Spatial heterogeneity analysis: Draw the index distribution map through GIS spatial interpolation method;

[0065] (2) Analysis of variance (ANOVA): Compare the yield differences under different plant spacing S c gradients.

[0066] After data collection and analysis, it is found that when the slope angle of the planting area is less than 15°, that is, the central region of Ningming County, 3.5 m ≤ S c ≤ 4.5 m, the growth of Camellia oleifera trees is better and the yield meets the expectations of farmers; when the slope angle of the planting area is greater than or equal to 15°, that is, the eastern region of Binyang County and the northern region of Ningming County, 2 m ≤ S c ≤ 4 m, the growth of Camellia oleifera trees is better and the yield meets the expectations of farmers. However, a 2-meter spacing is not convenient for farmers to lay plastic films and collect fruits, so it is adjusted to 2.5 m ≤ S c ≤ 4 m.

[0067] The above has generally described the present invention in detail, but based on the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made, which are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction and planting method beneficial to the picking and maintenance of camellia oleifera, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Select a row of Camellia oleifera trees with similar growth status, where the row direction is perpendicular to the slope direction of the planting area, and the plant spacing S between adjacent Camellia oleifera trees in the same row c is controlled according to the following principles: (1) When the slope angle of the planting area is less than 15°, 3.5 m ≤ S c ≤ 4.5 m; (2) When the slope angle of the planting area is greater than or equal to 15°, 2.5 m ≤ S c ≤ 4 m; (3) The closer the slope direction is to the north-south direction, the larger S c is. The closer the slope direction is to the east-west direction, the smaller S c is; S2. Group two adjacent rows of oil tea trees as a group, and there is a narrow lane between the two rows of oil tea trees in the same group; S3. There is a wide lane between the two adjacent rows of oil tea trees in adjacent groups; S4. Lay plastic film on the wide lane between adjacent groups.

2. The construction and planting method for facilitating the picking and maintenance of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the oil tea trees with similar growth states are specifically: oil tea trees with similar heights and sizes.

3. The construction and planting method for facilitating the picking and maintenance of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, group two adjacent rows of oil tea trees as a group, and there is a narrow lane between the two rows of oil tea trees in the same group. The distance between narrow lanes is: S z = S c ÷ cos Among them, S c is the spacing between two adjacent oil tea plants in the same column; cos is the slope angle.

4. The construction and planting method for facilitating the picking and maintenance of camellia oleifera according to claim 3, characterized in that, In S3, there is a wide lane between the two adjacent rows of oil tea trees in adjacent groups. The distance between wide lanes is: S k = S z + 1 meter Where Sz is the distance between narrow lanes.

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