Planting method for improving yield of saffron crocus

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for increasing the yield of saffron crocus. The planting method comprises the following steps: step 1, ecologically cultivating seedlings; the ecological cultivation of the seedlings comprises the steps of selection and pretreatment of seed balls and tissue culture and rapid propagation; step 2, regulating and controlling a planting environment; the regulation and control of the planting environment comprises facility construction and temperature and humidity management; step 3, performing field planting on the seed balls; the seed ball field planting comprises sowing depth and spacing; step 4, ecological fertilization; the ecological fertilization comprises preparation of base fertilizer, topdressing and a cyclic utilization system; 5, disease control; disease control comprises prevention and treatment; 6, weeding and soil loosening management; and step 7, harvesting. The harvesting comprises flower picking and corm harvesting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation methods, and particularly to a cultivation method for increasing the yield of saffron. Background Art

[0002] As a precious traditional Chinese medicine, saffron has the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, anti-tumor, etc. However, the existing traditional cultivation has problems such as low bulb propagation coefficient, easy occurrence of pests and diseases, and unstable yield. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient cultivation method that combines modern facility agriculture and ecological management. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for increasing the yield of saffron to solve the deficiencies existing in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a cultivation method for increasing the yield of saffron, which includes the following steps:

[0004] Step 1: Ecological cultivation of seedlings; The ecological cultivation of seedlings includes the selection and pretreatment of bulbs and tissue culture rapid propagation; Step 2: Regulation of the planting environment; The regulation of the planting environment includes facility construction, temperature and humidity management; Step 3: Bulb planting; The bulb planting includes the depth and spacing of sowing; Step 4: Ecological fertilization; Ecological fertilization includes the preparation of base fertilizer, top dressing, and recycling system; Step 5: Disease control; Disease control includes prevention and treatment; Step 6: Weeding and soil loosening management; Step 7: Harvesting; Harvesting includes flower picking and corm harvesting.

[0005] In step 1 of the present invention, the selection and pretreatment of bulbs is to select healthy, plump, disease-free bulbs with a diameter ≥ 3.2 cm, remove the outer old skin and trim the fibrous roots, and soak them in a 400-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim solution or potassium permanganate solution for 20 - 35 minutes for disinfection before planting, and then take them out and dry them in the air.

[0005]

[0006] In step 1 of the present invention, the tissue culture rapid propagation technology uses bulbs as explants. After sterilization with 75% alcohol and 0.1% mercuric chloride, they are inoculated into an induction medium of MS + 6-BA 3.5 mg / L + NAA 1.0 mg / L and cultured in the dark at 25°C for 20 - 30 days to induce cluster buds; then transferred to a rooting medium of 1 / 2MS + IBA 0.3 mg / L and cultured for 15 - 20 days under a light intensity of 1500 Lux.

[0007] In step two of the present invention, the facility construction is to build a polyethylene film insulation greenhouse, equipped with an inlet spray pipe. The aperture of the spray pipe is 1 - 5 mm, the spacing is 30 - 50 mm, and ventilation belts are provided at both ends; two or three drip irrigation belts are laid per mu, and a flowmeter monitors the soil humidity in real time. When the soil humidity is lower than 30%, the spray system is automatically started.

[0008] In step two of the present invention, the temperature management is to use ventilation belts, sunshade nets, and heating equipment to adjust and maintain 18 - 25°C during the day and 0 - 10°C at night. When the temperature is higher than 25°C, the ventilation belts and sunshade nets are opened for cooling; when the temperature is lower than 18°C, the ventilation belts are closed and the heating equipment is enabled for heating; the light intensity is controlled at 30000 - 40000 Lux using a sunshade net; the humidity management is to keep the air humidity at 50 - 75%, and the spray system operates 2 - 3 times a day, each time for 30 - 50 minutes.

[0009] In step three of the present invention, the sowing depth is 5 - 15 cm; the spacing is 10 - 15 cm for the row spacing and 10 - 15 cm for the plant spacing, the ditch depth is 8 - 10 cm, and the soil covering thickness is 4 - 5 cm.

[0010] In step four of the present invention, the preparation of the base fertilizer is to apply 12000 - 15000 kg of a mixed and decomposed organic fertilizer of sheep manure, cow manure, and straw, and 700 - 750 kg of superphosphate per mu. Fertilization is carried out 1 - 2 months before planting, and the land is deeply plowed by 25 - 30 cm; the top dressing is to apply a diluted human and livestock manure with a dilution ratio of 1:5 or a liquid nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer containing 180 - 220 kg / hm² of nitrogen, 120 - 150 kg / hm² of phosphorus, and 150 - 180 kg / hm² of potassium; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer is top - dressed every ten days during the growth period, and the phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is top - dressed before the flowering period; an ecological fertilizer containing humic acid and trace elements is sprayed on the leaves.

[0011] In step four of the present invention, the recycling system is to use a water - permeable pipe with uniformly distributed apertures in combination with a soil filter screen to collect the irrigation surplus liquid into a storage tank and filter it through a circulation pump.

[0012] In step five of the present invention, for prevention, Bordeaux mixture is sprayed regularly; yellow sticky traps are hung to trap aphids; for control, predatory mites and ladybugs are introduced to control spider mites. At the initial stage of the onset of rot disease, a 70% thiophanate - methyl wettable powder is diluted 800 - 1000 times and used for root irrigation, once every 5 - 10 days, for 2 - 3 consecutive times; for the prevention and control of wilt disease, a 50% carbendazim solution is diluted 400 times and sprayed, once every 5 - 10 days, for 2 - 3 consecutive times.

[0013] In the present invention, for flower picking, the red flower columns are picked in time after flowering and dried in a ventilated and dry place or dried in a drying oven at 40 - 50°C and then stored in a dry and ventilated place; for harvesting the bulbs, the bulbs are dug out after the above - ground part withers and stored by grading according to the weight of the bulbs.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention comprehensively improves the yield of saffron through the ecological cultivation of seedlings, the regulation of the planting environment, ecological fertilization, and pest control. Specific Embodiments

[0015] The present invention will be further described below through embodiments.

[0016] A planting method for improving the yield of saffron according to this embodiment includes the following steps: Example 1: Step 1: Ecological cultivation of seedlings: selection and pretreatment of seed bulbs, tissue culture rapid propagation; Select healthy and plump seed bulbs with a diameter of 4 cm, free from diseases. Remove the outer old skin and trim the fibrous roots. Before planting, soak them in a 400-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim solution or potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes for disinfection, then take them out and let them dry. Using the seed bulbs as explants, after sterilization with 75% alcohol and 0.1% mercuric chloride, inoculate them into an induction medium of MS + 6-BA 3.5 mg / L + NAA 1.0 mg / L. Here, MS refers to Murashige and Skoog medium, which is a commonly used basic medium for plant tissue culture and provides the basic nutrients required for plant growth; 6-BA refers to 6-Benzylaminopurine, which is a cytokinin that promotes cell division and bud formation; NAA refers to Naphthaleneacetic acid, which is an auxin that promotes cell elongation and root formation. In this formula, the concentration of 6-BA is 3.5 mg / L, and the concentration of NAA is 1.0 mg / L. This ratio promotes the rapid growth and differentiation of plant tissues, induces the germination and proliferation of buds, and cultures them in the dark at 25°C for 20 days to induce cluster buds; promotes the differentiation of callus into somatic embryos; then transfer them to a 1 / 2MS + IBA 0.3 mg / L rooting medium. 1 / 2MS means using half the amount of MS medium. Using half the amount of MS medium can reduce the concentration. IBA is a growth regulator, full name Indole-3-butyric acid, which is commonly used in plant tissue culture to promote rooting, improve the rooting rate and root quality, and culture them for 15 days under a light intensity of 1500 Lux.

[0017] Step 2: Regulation of the planting environment; facility construction, temperature and humidity management; Build a polyethylene film insulation greenhouse, equipped with an inlet spray pipe. The aperture of the spray pipe is 2mm, the spacing is 30mm, and ventilation belts are set at both ends; two drip irrigation belts are laid per mu, and a flow meter monitors the soil humidity in real time to avoid over-irrigation; when the soil humidity is lower than 30%, the spray system is automatically started; the ventilation belts, sunshade nets, and heating equipment are used to adjust the temperature to maintain 18 - 25°C during the day and 0 - 10°C at night. When the temperature is higher than 25°C, the ventilation belts and sunshade nets are opened for cooling; when the temperature is lower than 18°C, the ventilation belts are closed and the heating equipment is enabled for heating; to prevent high-temperature burns or frost damage; the light intensity is controlled at 30000Lux using a sunshade net; the spray system operates 2 times a day, each time for 30 minutes; the air humidity is maintained at 50%; ensure that the leaves are moist but there is no water accumulation.

[0018] Step 3: Bulb planting; Sowing depth and spacing First, make high ridges. The ridge width is 1m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge spacing is 30cm to facilitate drainage and field operations. The sowing depth is 5cm; the spacing is 10cm between rows and 10cm between plants, the ditch depth is 8cm, and the soil covering thickness is 4cm. Step 4: Ecological fertilization; Preparation of base fertilizer, top dressing, recycling system The preparation is to apply 12000kg of mixed decomposed organic fertilizer of sheep manure, cow manure, and straw, 700kg of superphosphate per mu. Fertilize 1 month before planting and deeply plow the land by 25cm; apply diluted human and livestock manure with a dilution ratio of 1:5 or liquid nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer containing 180 kg / hm² of nitrogen, 120kg / hm² of phosphorus, and 150 kg / hm² of potassium by watering; top-dress nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer every ten days during the growth period, and top-dress phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer before the flowering period; promote root development; spray ecological fertilizer containing humic acid and trace elements on the leaves; enhance photosynthesis; use a water seepage pipe with evenly distributed apertures in combination with a soil filter screen to collect the remaining irrigation liquid into a storage tank, and after filtering by a circulation pump, reuse it to reduce chemical fertilizer waste.

[0019] Step 5: Disease control; Prevention and treatment

[0020] Regularly spray Bordeaux mixture; Hang yellow sticky traps to trap aphids Introduce predatory mites and ladybugs to control spider mites, irrigate the roots with a 800-fold dilution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, irrigate once every 5 days for 2 consecutive times to prevent rot disease; spray with a 400-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim solution every 10 days for 3 consecutive times.

[0021] Step 6: Weeding and soil loosening management Carry out 4 times of intertillage weeding during the growth period, with an intertillage depth of 4cm; carry out 2 times of soil loosening during the growth period; when the side buds grow to 2, promptly remove them, and retain 2 main buds for each bulb to concentrate nutrients.

[0022] Step 7: Harvesting; Picking flowers and bulbs. After the flowers bloom, pick the red flower columns in time, dry them in a ventilated and dry place, and then store them in a dry and ventilated place. After the above-ground part withers, dig out the bulbs and classify and store them according to the weight of the bulbs, that is, classify and store them according to the bulb weights of 1-10g, 10-20g, and greater than 20g.

[0023] The saffron cultivated through the above steps realizes the improvement of yield and quality. That is, the annual multiplication rate of the seed bulbs reaches 1.5 times through tissue culture and rapid propagation. Combined with ecological fertilization, the length of the filaments increases by 20%, and the content of crocin increases by 15%. The incidence of pests and diseases is reduced by 40%, meeting the standards of green Chinese medicinal materials. It has a wide adaptability, that is, it is suitable for various climate regions such as high altitudes and temperate zones, and realizes annual production through facility regulation.

[0024] Example 2: Step 1: Ecological cultivation of seedlings: Selection and pretreatment of seed bulbs, tissue culture and rapid propagation; Select healthy, plump and disease-free seed bulbs with a diameter of 5 cm, remove the outer old skin and trim the fibrous roots. Before planting, disinfect them by soaking in a 400-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim solution or potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, fish them out and dry them. Using the seed bulbs as explants, after sterilization with 75% alcohol and 0.1% mercuric chloride, inoculate them into the induction medium of MS + 6-BA 3.5 mg / L + NAA 1.0 mg / L, and culture them in the dark at 25°C for 25 days to induce cluster buds; promote the differentiation of callus into somatic embryos; then transfer them to the rooting medium of 1 / 2MS + IBA 0.3 mg / L and culture them for 18 days under a light intensity of 1500 Lux.

[0025] Step 2: Regulation of the planting environment; Facility construction, temperature and humidity management; Build a polyethylene film insulation greenhouse, equipped with an inlet spray pipe. The aperture of the spray pipe is 4 mm, the spacing is 40 mm, and ventilation belts are set at both ends; Lay two drip irrigation belts per mu, and the flowmeter monitors the soil humidity in real time to avoid over-irrigation; When the soil humidity is lower than 30%, automatically start the spray system; Use ventilation belts, sunshade nets, and heating equipment to maintain 18-25°C during the day and 0-10°C at night. When the temperature is higher than 25°C, open the ventilation belts and sunshade nets for cooling; When the temperature is lower than 18°C, close the ventilation belts and start the heating equipment for heating; Prevent high-temperature burns or frost damage; Control the light intensity at 35000 Lux using the sunshade net; The spray system runs 3 times a day, each time for 40 minutes; Keep the air humidity at 60%; Ensure that the leaves are moist but there is no water accumulation.

[0026] Step 3: Planting of seed bulbs; Sowing depth and spacing; First, make high ridges. The ridge width is 1.1 m, the ridge height is 23 cm, and the ridge spacing is 35 cm to facilitate drainage and field operations. The sowing depth is 10 cm; The spacing is 12 cm between rows and 12 cm between plants, the ditch depth is 9 cm, and the soil covering thickness is 5 cm; Step 4: Ecological fertilization; Preparation of base fertilizer, top dressing, and recycling system; For the preparation, apply 12,000 kg of mixed decomposed organic fertilizer of sheep manure, cow manure, and straw, and 700 kg of superphosphate per mu. Fertilize 1 month before planting and deeply plow the land by 25 cm; Apply diluted human and animal manure with a dilution ratio of 1:5 or liquid nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer containing 200 kg / hm² of nitrogen, 130 kg / hm² of phosphorus, and 165 kg / hm² of potassium by watering; Top-dress nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer every ten days during the growth period, and top-dress phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer before the flowering period; Promote root development; Spray ecological fertilizer containing humic acid and trace elements on the leaves; Enhance photosynthesis; Use water seepage pipes with evenly distributed pore sizes in combination with soil filters to collect the remaining irrigation liquid into the storage tank, and reuse it after filtration by the circulation pump to reduce chemical fertilizer waste.

[0027] Step 5: Disease control; Prevention and treatment.

[0028] Regularly spray Bordeaux mixture; Hang yellow sticky insect boards to trap aphids; Introduce predatory mites and ladybugs to control spider mites, irrigate the roots with 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder diluted 800 times, irrigate once every 8 days, and irrigate continuously for 3 times to prevent rot disease; Dilute and spray with 50% carbendazim solution 400 times, spray once every 5 days, and spray continuously for 3 times.

[0029] Step 6: Weeding and soil loosening management; Conduct 4 times of intertillage weeding during the growth period, with an intertillage depth of 4 cm; Conduct 2 times of soil loosening during the growth period; When the lateral buds grow to 2, promptly remove them, and retain 2 main buds for each bulb to concentrate nutrients.

[0030] Step 7: Harvesting; Picking flowers and harvesting bulbs. After the flowers bloom, promptly pick the red flower styles, dry them in a ventilated and dry place, and then store them in a dry and ventilated place; After the above-ground part withers, dig out the bulbs and store them according to the bulb weight classification; That is, classify and store them according to bulb weights of 1 - 10 g, 10 - 20 g, and greater than 20 g.

[0031] The saffron planted through the above steps achieves an increase in yield and quality. That is, through tissue culture and rapid propagation, the annual multiplication rate of bulbs reaches 2 times. Combining with ecological fertilization, the filament length increases by 25%, and the crocin content increases by 10%; The incidence of pests and diseases is reduced by 40%, meeting the standards of green traditional Chinese medicines; It has a wide adaptability, that is, it is applicable to various climate regions such as high altitudes and temperate zones, and realizes annual production through facility regulation.

[0032] Example 3 Step 1: Ecological cultivation of seedlings: Selection and pretreatment of bulbs, tissue culture and rapid propagation; Select healthy, plump and disease-free bulbs with a diameter of 4 cm, remove the outer old skin and trim the fibrous roots. Before planting, soak them in a 400-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim solution or potassium permanganate solution for 35 minutes for disinfection, then fish them out and dry in the air. Using the bulbs as explants, after sterilization with 75% alcohol and 0.1% mercuric chloride, inoculate them onto the induction medium of MS + 6-BA 3.5 mg / L + NAA 1.0 mg / L, and culture them in the dark at 25°C for 30 days to induce cluster buds; promote the differentiation of callus into somatic embryos; then transfer them to the rooting medium of 1 / 2MS + IBA 0.3 mg / L and culture them under a light intensity of 1500 Lux for 20 days.

[0033] Step 2: Regulation of planting environment; facility construction, temperature and humidity management; Build a polyethylene film heat-preserving greenhouse, equipped with an inlet spray pipe. The aperture of the spray pipe is 5 mm, the spacing is 50 mm, and ventilation belts are set at both ends; lay two drip irrigation belts per mu, and the flowmeter monitors the soil humidity in real time to avoid over-irrigation; when the soil humidity is lower than 30%, automatically start the spray system; use ventilation belts, sunshade nets, and heating equipment to adjust the temperature to maintain 18 - 25°C during the day and 0 - 10°C at night. When the temperature is higher than 25°C, open the ventilation belts and sunshade nets for cooling; when the temperature is lower than 18°C, close the ventilation belts and start the heating equipment for warming; prevent high-temperature burns or frost damage; use sunshade nets to control the light intensity at 40000 Lux; the spray system runs 3 times a day, each time for 50 minutes; keep the air humidity at 70%; ensure that the leaves are moist but there is no water accumulation.

[0034] Step 3: Bulb planting; sowing depth and spacing; First, make high ridges. The ridge width is 1.2 m, the ridge height is 25 cm, and the ridge spacing is 40 cm to facilitate drainage and field operations. The sowing depth is 15 cm; the spacing is 15 cm in row spacing and 15 cm in plant spacing, the ditch depth is 10 cm, and the soil covering thickness is 5 cm; Step 4: Ecological fertilization; preparation of base fertilizer, top dressing, recycling system; The preparation is to apply 15000 kg of mixed decomposed organic fertilizer of sheep manure, cow manure, and straw, and 750 kg of superphosphate per mu, and fertilize 1 month before planting, and deeply plow the land by 30 cm; apply diluted human and animal manure with a dilution ratio of 1:5 or liquid nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer containing 220 kg / hm² of nitrogen, 150 kg / hm² of phosphorus, and 180 kg / hm² of potassium; top-dress nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer every ten days during the growth period, and top-dress phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer before the flowering period; promote root development; spray ecological fertilizer containing humic acid and trace elements on the leaves; enhance photosynthesis; use water seepage pipes with evenly distributed apertures in combination with soil filters to collect the remaining irrigation liquid into the storage pool, and after filtering by the circulation pump, reuse it to reduce chemical fertilizer waste.

[0035] Step 5: Disease prevention and control; prevention, treatment.

[0036] Spray Bordeaux mixture regularly; Hang yellow sticky traps to lure and kill aphids; Introduce predatory mites and ladybugs to control spider mites. Irrigate the roots with a 1000-fold dilution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder every 10 days for 3 consecutive times to control root rot. Spray with a 400-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim solution every 10 days for 3 consecutive times.

[0037] Step Six: Weeding and soil loosening management; Carry out 3 times of intertillage weeding during the growth period, with an intertillage depth of 4 cm; Carry out 2 times of soil loosening during the growth period; When the lateral buds grow to 2, remove them in time, and keep 3 main buds for each bulb to concentrate nutrients.

[0038] Step Seven: Harvesting; Picking flowers and harvesting bulbs. After the flowers bloom, pick the red flower styles in time, dry them in a ventilated and dry place, and then store them in a dry and ventilated place; After the above-ground part withers, dig out the bulbs and store them according to the bulb weight grading; That is, store them according to the bulb weight grades of 1 - 10 g, 10 - 20 g, and greater than 20 g.

[0039] The saffron planted through the above steps realizes the improvement of yield and quality. That is, through tissue culture and rapid propagation, the annual multiplication rate of bulbs reaches 2 times. Combined with ecological fertilization, the filament length increases by 15%, and the crocin content increases by 20%; The incidence of pests and diseases is reduced by 40%, meeting the standards of green traditional Chinese medicines; It has a wide adaptability, that is, it is suitable for various climate regions such as high altitudes and temperate zones, and realizes annual production through facility regulation.

Claims

1. A planting method for increasing the yield of saffron, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Ecological cultivation of seedlings; The ecological cultivation of seedlings includes the selection and pretreatment of bulbs and tissue culture rapid propagation; Step 2: Regulation of the planting environment; The regulation of the planting environment includes facility construction, temperature and humidity management; Step 3: Bulb planting; Bulb planting includes the depth and spacing of sowing; Step 4: Ecological fertilization; Ecological fertilization includes the preparation of base fertilizer, top dressing, and recycling system; Step 5: Disease control; Disease control includes prevention and treatment; Step 6: Weeding and soil loosening management; Step 7: Harvesting; Harvesting includes flower picking and bulb harvesting.

2. The planting method for increasing the yield of saffron according to claim 1, wherein, In Step 1, the selection and pretreatment of bulbs is to select healthy, plump, disease-free bulbs with a diameter ≥ 3.2 cm, remove the outer old skin and trim the fibrous roots, and soak them in a 400-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim solution or potassium permanganate solution for 20 - 35 minutes for disinfection before planting, then fish them out and dry in the air.

3. A planting method for increasing the yield of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 1, tissue culture rapid propagation uses bulbs as explants. After sterilization with 75% alcohol and 0.1% mercuric chloride, they are inoculated into an induction medium of MS + 6-BA 3.5 mg / L + NAA 1.0 mg / L and cultured in the dark at 25℃ for 20 - 30 days to induce cluster buds; then transferred to a rooting medium of 1 / 2MS + IBA 0.3 mg / L and cultured for 15 - 20 days under a light intensity of 1500 Lux.

4. A planting method for increasing the yield of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, facility construction is to build a polyethylene film heat preservation greenhouse, equipped with an inlet spray pipe. The aperture of the spray pipe is 1 - 5 mm, the spacing is 30 - 50 mm, and ventilation belts are set at both ends; two or three drip irrigation belts are laid per mu, and a flowmeter monitors the soil humidity in real time. When the soil humidity is lower than 30%, the spray system is automatically started.

5. A planting method for increasing the yield of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, temperature management is to use ventilation belts, sunshade nets, and heating equipment to adjust and maintain 18 - 25℃ during the day and 0 - 10℃ at night. When the temperature is higher than 25℃, open the ventilation belts and sunshade nets for cooling; when the temperature is lower than 18℃, close the ventilation belts and start the heating equipment for warming; use the sunshade net to control the light intensity at 30000 - 40000 Lux; Humidity management is to keep the air humidity at 50 - 75%, and the spray system runs 2 - 3 times a day, each time for 30 - 50 minutes.

6. The planting method for increasing the yield of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 3, the sowing depth is 5 - 15 cm; the spacing is a row spacing of 10 - 15 cm, a plant spacing of 10 - 15 cm, a furrow depth of 8 - 10 cm, and a soil covering thickness of 4 - 5 cm.

7. A planting method for increasing the yield of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 4, the preparation of base fertilizer is to apply 12000 - 15000 kg of mixed decomposed organic fertilizer of sheep manure, cow manure, and straw, and 700 - 750 kg of superphosphate per mu, and fertilize 1 - 2 months before planting, and deeply plow the land by 25 - 30 cm; top dressing is to apply diluted human and animal manure with a dilution ratio of 1:5 or a liquid nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer containing 180 - 220 kg / hm² of nitrogen, 120 - 150 kg / hm² of phosphorus, and 150 - 180 kg / hm² of potassium by watering; top dress the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer every ten days during the growth period, and top dress the phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer before the flower stage; foliar spray an ecological fertilizer containing humic acid and trace elements.

8. The planting method for increasing the yield of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 4, the recycling system is to use a water seepage pipe with uniformly distributed apertures in cooperation with a soil filter screen to collect the irrigation surplus liquid into a storage tank and filter it through a circulation pump.

9. The planting method for increasing the yield of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, prevention measures include regularly spraying Bordeaux mixture; hanging yellow sticky traps to lure and kill aphids; Control measures include introducing predatory mites and ladybugs to control spider mites. In the initial stage of the onset of rot disease, drench the roots with a solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder diluted 800 - 1000 times, drenching once every 5 - 10 days for 2 - 3 consecutive times; to control fusarium wilt, spray with a 400-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim solution, spraying once every 5 - 10 days for 2 - 3 consecutive times.

10. A planting method for increasing the yield of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, Flower picking: Immediately pick the red flower columns after flowering, dry them in a well-ventilated and dry place or dry them in a drying oven at 40 - 50°C and then store them in a dry and well-ventilated place; Bulb harvesting: Dig out the bulbs after the above-ground part withers and store them according to the weight of the bulbs.