Preparation method of flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer preparation method, which comprises: crushing pennisetum sinese straw, carrying out decomposition fermentation aging to obtain straw powder, mixing the straw powder with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound material to obtain a mixture, adding the mixture to an alkali liquid, heating to a boiling temperature of 53 DEG C, maintaining the temperature for 25-30 min, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and drying the obtained solid to obtain a solid product A, adjusting the pH value of the liquid obtained after solid-liquid separation in the previous step to be neutral, continuing solid-liquid separation, drying the solid to obtain a solid product B, uniformly mixing the solid product A and the solid product B with a microbial agent, ammonium carbonate, flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash, calcium superphosphate and tobacco stem ash, and stacking and fermenting to obtain the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer. The pennisetum sinese is prepared into the bio-organic fertilizer, the organic matter content can be obviously increased, the water retention capacity of the fertilizer is improved, the pennisetum sinese is a porous substance, and after the substance is applied, the air permeability, the water permeability and the fertilizer retention capacity of the fertilizer are good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] More than 700 kinds of endophytic bacteria are contained in the stem of Pennisetum giganteum, and a nitrogen-fixing bacterium called Delftia tsuruhatensis accounts for more than 80%, which can continuously convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen fertilizer to supply nutrients for plants; more than 600 kinds of endophytic bacteria are contained in the root, and Weissella cibaria, a biocontrol bacterium, accounts for more than 90%, which has the ability to prevent and control root diseases such as fusarium wilt. It can "produce and sell by itself" and "be invulnerable to all poisons", which to a certain extent explains why Pennisetum giganteum has a growth ability that is difficult to match by other crops. In the prior art, Pennisetum giganteum is only processed and utilized by simple crushing and composting fermentation methods. The processing methods are primitive and mainly rely on manual treatment, having the disadvantages of high labor intensity, low production efficiency, and difficulty in ensuring the stability of product quality.

[0003] Pennisetum giganteum juice contains 12 categories of beneficial substances such as terpenoids, ketones, esters, aldehydes, etc., which can improve the soil and water body ecology and decompose manure. However, there is no research on how to use it as a raw material for flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer to further exert its role. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the bottleneck problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a preparation method of a flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, which can prepare Pennisetum giganteum into a biological organic fertilizer, significantly improve the organic matter content, improve the water retention capacity of the fertilizer, and is a porous substance. After applying this substance, the aeration, water permeability, and fertilizer retention of the fertilizer are good.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions proposed by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] The present invention provides a preparation method of a flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0007] S1. Ferment and age the Pennisetum giganteum straw, naturally dry it and then crush it through a pulverizer, and obtain straw powder after passing through a 40-mesh sieve;

[0008] S2. Mix the straw powder obtained in step S1 with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounding material evenly, add it to an alkali solution, heat it to boiling and maintain it at 53°C for 25 - 30 minutes, and then perform solid-liquid separation;

[0009] S3. Dry the solid obtained after solid-liquid separation in step S2 to obtain solid product A, adjust the pH of the liquid obtained after solid-liquid separation in step S2 to neutral, continue solid-liquid separation, and dry the solid to obtain solid product B;

[0010] S4. Mix the solid product A and solid product B obtained in step S3 evenly with microbial inoculum, ammonium carbonate, flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash, superphosphate, and tobacco stem ash, and then stack and ferment them to obtain the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer.

[0011] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, in step S4, during the stacking fermentation process, control the moisture content to be 58 - 66%, the stack height to be 0.9 - 1.3 m, start turning the stack when the central temperature reaches 65 °C, and control the temperature not to exceed 71 °C; after 20 - 25 days of fermentation, reduce the moisture content to 35 - 40%, and then age for 2 months and adjust the moisture content to 12 - 15% by drying.

[0012] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, the microbial inoculum is selected from one or more of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus velezensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, or Beauveria bassiana.

[0013] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, the viable cell concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa is not less than 10 9 cfu / ml, the effective viable cell number content of Trichoderma harzianum is greater than 1.0×10 8 cfu / g, the viable cell concentration of Beauveria bassiana is 1.0×10 8 ~1.0×10 10 cfu / g, and Beauveria bassiana is 1.0×10 9 ~1.0×10 11 cfu / g.

[0014] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, in step S2, the particle size of the straw powder is 11 - 110 mesh; the volume ratio of the straw powder to the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound material is 65 - 70:30 - 35.

[0015] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, in step S1, the alkaline solution is an aqueous solution of alkaline fertilizer and quicklime, the volume fraction of the alkaline fertilizer is 0.8% - 6%, and the volume fraction of quicklime is 0.3% - 3.5%; the alkaline fertilizer is one or both of ammonium carbonate or potassium hydroxide.

[0016] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, the volume ratio of the straw powder to the alkaline solution is 0.1 - 25:100.

[0017] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound material is a mixture of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium salt, and the potassium salt is potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate; the volume fractions of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium salt in the mixture are 5% - 13% respectively.

[0018] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, in step S2, the heating temperature is 70 - 105°C and the time is 3 - 65 min.

[0019] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, in step S4, the water content of solid product A and solid product B is less than 25%.

[0020] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, in step S4, the ratio of the total volume of solid product A and solid product B, the volume of the microbial inoculant, the volume of ammonium carbonate, and the total volume of the three auxiliary materials of the flue-cured tobacco biomass fuel furnace ash, superphosphate, and tobacco stem ash is 55 - 80:1 - 8:4 - 15:10 - 25.

[0021] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, the content of K2CO3 in the flue-cured tobacco biomass fuel furnace ash is ≥10%; the nitrogen nutrient content in the ammonium carbonate is ≥28%, and the tobacco stem ash is the tobacco stem ash of Xiangyan No. 7 or Yunyan No. 87.

[0022] As an alternative embodiment, in the preparation method provided by the present invention, the particle size of the crushed Pennisetum giganteum straw is 2.5 - 5 mm, and the particle size of the prepared flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer is 3 - 12 mm.

[0023] The flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention is alkaline, all-natural, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining, with stable quality, loose and breathable, disease-resistant, insect-resistant and algae-removing, EC ≤ 600 us / cm, pH 7.0 - 7.2, humic acid ≥ 15%, organic matter ≥ 45%, N:P2O5:K2O = 6:2:2, total amino acid 25%, free amino acid 5%, boric acid 0.02%, magnesium sulfate 0.98%, zinc sulfate 0.59%, manganese chloride 0.05%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%, porosity 80 - 95%, bulk density 0.2 - 0.3 g / cm 3 ; Low cost: The cost per mu is 59.33 yuan; 50 kg of the bio-fertilizer of the present invention is required per mu 3 / mu. After drying, add about 5% of starch, syrup, etc. and then dry and crush again to make pills with a pill-making machine. Or crush and mix the materials through a crusher, and mix the two types of materials with large and small proportions evenly according to the formula ratio to obtain the powder before granulation of the tobacco fertilizer. Add part of the powder to a rotary pan granulator, and add deionized water in a small amount and multiple times in a spray manner during the rotation process. After preliminary granulation, gradually add powder and spray water, and cycle this process to obtain the initial sample of fertilizer particles. Screen the initial sample particles to obtain fertilizer particles with a particle size in the range of 3 - 5 mm. Dry these fertilizer particles at 50°C for 48 hours and reserve them after natural cooling.

[0024] In the present invention, the Pennisetum giganteum straw is treated by heating with an alkali solution to separate most of the lignin from the straw, and the cellulose inside is more easily decomposed by microorganisms in the environment. Both the alkali-treated straw and ammonium carbonate are alkaline, which can change the acidic environment for the reproduction of pathogens; Trichoderma harzianum is a specific and highly efficient strain that inhibits the growth of the pathogen of bacterial wilt; Paenibacillus polymyxa is a plant growth-promoting bacterium, Bacillus velezensis improves plant resistance and soil environment, and Beauveria bassiana can effectively inhibit the hatching and infection of root-knot nematode eggs, which can give full play to the formula advantages of bio-organic fertilizers, reduce the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers; it can also form a dominant colony in the roots of crops to inhibit the reproduction of pathogens; and it has a high viable cell count and a long survival time.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] (1) The bio-organic fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco prepared with Pennisetum giganteum as the main raw material in the present invention can improve acidified soil, adsorb and passivate heavy metals, purify the soil after use, and the bio-organic fertilizer is rich in nutrients and the crop diseases are extremely few.

[0027] (2) In the present invention, the alkali-treated straw, ammonium carbonate and the ash of the biomass fuel furnace in the tobacco barn are all alkaline substances and contain various nutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, etc. The free acid of the bio-organic fertilizer can be neutralized by the alkaline minerals, the hydrogen ions on the aluminosilicate can be replaced, and the adsorption of cations by the soil can be increased by supplementing active silicon. Then, the coprecipitation of anions and heavy metals is promoted by increasing the soil pH value, and the bioavailability of heavy metals is reduced.

[0028] (3) The Pennisetum giganteum straw accounts for a large proportion in the present invention. Applying the bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention can significantly increase the organic matter content; the ash of the biomass fuel furnace in the tobacco barn and the straw can increase the water holding capacity of the fertilizer under water-deficient conditions and improve the water retention capacity of the fertilizer. Moreover, it is a porous substance, and after applying this substance, the air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention of the fertilizer are good; in addition, the present invention contains various nutrient elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg required by plants, which can promote plant growth.

[0029] (4) Trichoderma harzianum used in the present invention is a specific and highly efficient strain that inhibits the growth of the pathogen of bacterial wilt; it can also form a dominant colony in the roots of crops to inhibit the reproduction of pathogens; and it has a high viable cell count and a long survival time; it solves the problems of many crop diseases and pests and a long seedling return period when the existing bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the field. Description of the Drawings

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative work, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart for the preparation of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the following will describe the present invention more comprehensively and meticulously in combination with the specification and preferred embodiments. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all the professional terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in the present invention can be obtained through market purchases or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer using Pennisetum giganteum straw as the raw material includes the following steps:

[0037] (1) Ferment and age the Pennisetum giganteum straw, naturally dry it, and then crush it through a crusher. After passing through a 40-mesh sieve, straw powder is obtained.

[0038] (2) Mix the straw powder with urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium sulfate in a volume ratio of 75:5:10:10.

[0039] (3) Add the above mixture to an alkaline solution containing 1.2% ammonium carbonate and 0.6% quicklime. With a solid-liquid ratio of 10:100, heat it to boiling and then maintain at 53°C for 25 min.

[0040] (4) Perform solid-liquid separation, and dry the solid part to a water content ≤ 25%.

[0041] (5) Add an appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid to the above liquid part to adjust the pH to neutral, and precipitate lignin. After solid-liquid separation, dry the solid part to a water content ≤ 25%.

[0042] (6) Mix the two dried solid products (69.5 parts) with a microbial inoculant (1 part) (the microbial inoculant is a mixed inoculant composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus velezensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Beauveria bassiana. The viable bacteria concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa is not less than 10 9 cfu / ml, the effective viable bacteria content of Trichoderma harzianum is greater than 1.0×10 8 cfu / g, the viable bacteria concentration of Beauveria bassiana is 1.0×10 8 ~1.0×10 10 cfu / g, and Beauveria bassiana is 1.0×10 9 ~1.0×10 11 cfu / g), ammonium carbonate (9.5 parts) (the nitrogen nutrient content in ammonium carbonate is ≥28%), and three auxiliary materials of flue-cured tobacco biomass fuel furnace ash (the content of K2CO3 is ≥10%), superphosphate, and tobacco stem ash (Xiangyan No. 7) (20 parts) are mixed evenly according to the ratio of 69.5:1:9.5:20, stacked and fermented sufficiently, the moisture is adjusted to 60%, the stack height is 1.1 meters, and when the central thermometer reaches 65 degrees, turning the pile starts, and the temperature is controlled not to exceed 71 degrees; after 25 days of fermentation, the moisture is reduced to 38%, and after aging for 2 months, the moisture is adjusted to 13% by drying and then bagged to obtain the raw material of the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer with giant miscanthus straw as the raw material. Add half of the mixed fertilizer raw materials (250 parts) to a round pan granulator, and during the rotation process (rotation speed is 80 r / min), add 50 parts of deionized water in a small amount and multiple times by spraying (sprayed within 1 hour according to the condition of powder particles). After preliminary granulation, gradually add powder materials, add 25 parts each time, and spray 5 parts of deionized water, and repeat this process 10 times. After the powder materials become granular, sieve the granules through a 5-mesh sieve to obtain fertilizer granules with a particle size range of 3-5 mm.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer with giant miscanthus straw as the raw material includes the following steps:

[0045] (1) Decompose and ferment the giant miscanthus straw and age it, then naturally dry it and then crush it through a crusher, and obtain straw powder after screening through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0046] (2) Mix the straw powder with urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium nitrate according to a volume ratio of 80:5:5:10.

[0047] (3) Add the above mixture to an alkaline solution containing 2% ammonium carbonate and 1.2% quicklime, with a solid-liquid ratio of 10:100, heat to boiling, and maintain at 53 degrees for 25 min.

[0048] (4) Separate the solid and liquid, and dry the solid part until the water content ≤25%.

[0049] (5) Add an appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid to the above liquid part to adjust the pH to neutral, and precipitate the lignin. After solid-liquid separation, dry the solid part until the water content ≤ 25%.

[0050] (6) Mix the above two dried solid products (78.5 parts) with a microbial inoculum (2 parts) (the microbial inoculum is a mixed inoculum composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Beauveria bassiana. The viable cell concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa is not less than 10 9 cfu / ml, the effective viable cell count of Trichoderma harzianum is greater than 1.0×10 8 cfu / g, and the viable cell concentration of Beauveria bassiana is 1.0×10 8 ~1.0×10 10 cfu / g), ammonium carbonate (9.5 parts) (the nitrogen nutrient content in ammonium carbonate ≥ 28%), and three auxiliary materials, i.e., the ash of a biomass fuel stove for a tobacco-curing barn (the content of K2CO3 ≥ 10%), superphosphate, and the ash of tobacco stems (Yunyan 87) (10 parts), and mix them evenly in a ratio of 78.5:2:9.5:10, then stack and ferment sufficiently. Adjust the moisture to 62%, with a stack height of 1.2 meters. When the central thermometer reaches 65 degrees, start turning the pile, and control the temperature not to exceed 71 degrees; after 25 days of fermentation, reduce the moisture to 40%, then age for 2 months, and finally dry and adjust the moisture to 15%, and bag it to obtain the raw material of the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer with Pennisetum giganteum straw as the raw material. Add half of the uniformly mixed fertilizer raw materials (250 parts) to a rotary pan granulator, and during the rotation process (rotation speed: 80 r / min), add deionized water (50 parts) in a small amount and multiple times by spraying (spray it out within 1 hour according to the condition of the powder particles). After preliminary granulation, gradually add powder materials, 25 parts each time, and spray 5 parts of deionized water, and repeat this process 10 times. After the powder materials become granular, sieve the granules through a 5-mesh sieve to obtain fertilizer granules with a particle size range of 3 - 5 mm.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] The flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer with Pennisetum giganteum straw as the raw material includes the following steps:

[0053] (1) Decompose, ferment, and age the Pennisetum giganteum straw, air-dry it naturally, and then crush it through a pulverizer, and pass it through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder.

[0054] (2) Mix the straw powder with urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium sulfate in a volume ratio of 75:7:5:13.

[0055] (3) Add the above mixture to an alkaline solution containing 3% ammonium carbonate and 1.8% quicklime, with a solid-liquid ratio of 10:100, heat to boiling, and maintain at 53 degrees for 30 min.

[0056] (4) Perform solid-liquid separation, and dry the solid part until the water content ≤ 25%.

[0057] (5) Add an appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid to the above liquid part to adjust the pH to neutral, and precipitate lignin. After solid-liquid separation, dry the solid part until the water content ≤ 25%.

[0058] (6) Mix the two dried solid products (56.5 parts) obtained above with a microbial inoculant (4 parts) (the microbial inoculant is a mixed inoculant composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Beauveria bassiana. The viable concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa is not less than 10 9 cfu / ml, the effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is greater than 1.0×10 8 cfu / g, and the viable concentration of Beauveria bassiana is 1.0×10 8 ~1.0×10 10 cfu / g), ammonium carbonate (14.5 parts) (the nitrogen nutrient content in ammonium carbonate ≥ 28%), and three auxiliary materials of flue-cured tobacco biomass fuel furnace ash (the content of K2CO3 ≥ 10%), superphosphate, and tobacco stem ash (Yunyan 87) (25 parts) in a ratio of 56.5:4:14.5:25, mix evenly and stack them for sufficient fermentation. Adjust the moisture to 58%, with a stack height of 0.9 m. When the central thermometer reaches 65 °C, start turning the pile, and control the temperature not to exceed 71 °C; after 22 days of fermentation, reduce the moisture to 35%, and then age for 2 months, and then dry and adjust the moisture to 12%. Packing in bags gives the raw material of the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer with Pennisetum giganteum straw as the raw material. Add half of the mixed fertilizer raw material (250 parts) to a round pan granulator. During the rotation process (rotation speed 80 r / min), add 50 parts of deionized water in a spray manner in small amounts and multiple times (sprayed within 1 hour according to the condition of the powder particles). After preliminary granulation, gradually add powder materials, 25 parts each time, and spray 5 parts of deionized water. Repeat this process 10 times. After the powder materials become granular, sieve the granules through a 5-mesh sieve to obtain fertilizer granules with a particle size range of 3-5 mm.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] The flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer with Pennisetum giganteum straw as the raw material includes the following steps:

[0061] (1) Ferment and age the Pennisetum giganteum straw, air-dry it naturally, and then crush it through a crusher and sieve it through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder.

[0062] (2) Mix the straw powder with urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium sulfate in a volume ratio of 85:5:5:5.

[0063] (3) Add the above mixture to an alkaline solution containing 4.5% ammonium carbonate and 2.8% quicklime, with a solid-liquid ratio of 8:100, heat to boiling, and maintain at 53 °C for 30 min.

[0064] (4) Solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid part to a water content of ≤ 25%.

[0065] (5) Add an appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid to the above liquid part to adjust the pH to neutral, and precipitate the lignin. After solid-liquid separation, dry the solid part to a water content of ≤ 25%.

[0066] (6) Mix the two dried solid products (72.5 parts) with a microbial inoculant (8 parts) (the microbial inoculant is a mixed inoculant composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Beauveria bassiana. The viable cell concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa is not less than 10 9 cfu / ml, the effective viable cell count of Trichoderma harzianum is greater than 1.0×10 8 cfu / g, and the viable cell concentration of Beauveria bassiana is 1.0×10 8 ~1.0×10 10 cfu / g), ammonium carbonate (4.5 parts) (the nitrogen nutrient content in ammonium carbonate is ≥ 28%), and three auxiliary materials of the ash of a biomass fuel furnace for a tobacco barn (the content of K2CO3 is ≥ 10%), superphosphate, and tobacco stem ash (Yunyan 87) (15 parts) in a ratio of 72.5:8:4.5:15, mix evenly and stack for sufficient fermentation, adjust the moisture to 61%, stack to a height of 1.2 meters, start turning the pile when the central thermometer reaches 65 °C, and control the temperature not to exceed 71 °C; after 24 days of fermentation, reduce the moisture to 37%, then age for 2 months, and then dry and adjust the moisture to 14%, and bag it to obtain the raw material of the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer with Pennisetum giganteum straw as the raw material. Add half of the mixed fertilizer raw materials (250 parts) to a round pan granulator, and add 50 parts of deionized water in a spray manner in small amounts and multiple times during the rotation process (rotation speed is 80 r / min) (sprayed within 1 hour according to the condition of the powder particles). After preliminary granulation, gradually add the powder material, add 25 parts each time, and spray 5 parts of deionized water, and repeat this process 10 times. After the powder material becomes granular, sieve the granules through a 5-mesh sieve to obtain fertilizer granules with a particle size range of 3 - 5 mm.

[0067] Application Example

[0068] Take the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizers provided in Examples 1 and 3 for testing.

[0069] Test site: Science and Technology Park, Daoer Village, Huayuan Town, Huayuan County, Hunan Province.

[0070] Test time: April 2024 - September 2024.

[0071] Experimental Design: Six treatments were set up in the experiment, namely: (1) Control Treatment 1: Soil without pests and diseases, without any treatment measures; (2) Control Treatment 2: Soil with pests and diseases, without any treatment measures; (3) Experimental Treatment 1: Soil with pests and diseases, using 40 kg / mu of flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco; (4) Experimental Treatment 2: Soil with pests and diseases, using 45 kg / mu of flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco; (5) Experimental Treatment 3: Soil with pests and diseases, using 50 kgm 3 / mu as the base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco; (6) Experimental Treatment 4: Soil with pests and diseases, using 55 kgm 3 / mu as the base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, with a total of 18 plots, and each plot had 80 tobacco plants. Other management was carried out according to the local flue-cured tobacco production technical standards. Before budding and topping, the soil pH and available cadmium content were measured; at the same time, 10 tobacco seedlings were randomly selected from each plot at the rosette stage, and the leaf color, stem height, stem diameter, number of effective leaves, disease plant rate, insect plant rate, pest damage plant rate, fresh and dry weights of the above-ground part, fresh and dry weights of the underground part, and cadmium content of the tobacco seedlings were recorded.

[0072] Experimental Results: The flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizers provided in Examples 1 and 3 were used for the experiment, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. Table 1 shows the improvement effects of the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer in Example 1 on the soil and flue-cured tobacco. Table 2 shows the improvement effects of the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer in Example 3 on the soil and flue-cured tobacco.

[0073] Table 1: Improvement Effects of the Flue-Cured Tobacco Bio-organic Fertilizer in Example 1 on the Soil and Flue-Cured Tobacco

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Table 2: Improvement Effects of the Flue-Cured Tobacco Bio-organic Fertilizer in Example 3 on the Soil and Flue-Cured Tobacco

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] As can be seen from the experimental results shown in Tables 1 and 2, the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer provided by the present invention can effectively increase the soil pH value, while reducing the available cadmium content in the soil and the cadmium content in the field-transplanted tobacco seedlings, and effectively increasing the fresh weight of the above-ground part, dry weight of the above-ground part, fresh weight of the underground part, dry weight of the underground part, number of effective leaves, and stem diameter of the tobacco seedlings at the rosette stage of the field, and reducing the disease plant rate, insect plant rate, and pest and disease plant rate of the tobacco seedlings. In addition, it can also be known from this experiment that it is appropriate to use the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer with Pennisetum giganteum as the raw material at 40 kg 3 / mu to 55 kg 3 / mu; preferably, 50 kg is used per mu of substrate3 per mu of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.

[0080] The above experiments were carried out in the same way with the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizers prepared by other embodiments, and similar effects to those of Example 1 or Example 3 were obtained.

[0081] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can still be made, and all should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1, fermenting and aging the giant fungus grass straw, drying it naturally, and then crushing it with a grinder, and passing it through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder; S2, mixing the straw powder obtained in step S1 and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound material uniformly, adding them into alkali solution, heating to boiling and maintaining at 53° C. for 25 to 30 minutes, and then separating the solid and liquid; S3, drying the solid obtained after the solid-liquid separation in step S2 to obtain a solid product A, adjusting the pH of the liquid obtained after the solid-liquid separation in step S2 to neutral, continuing the solid-liquid separation, and drying the solid to obtain a solid product B; S4, the solid product A and the solid product B obtained in step S3 are mixed evenly with microbial agent, ammonium carbonate, biomass fuel ash from flue-curing room, superphosphate, and tobacco stem ash, and the mixture is piled and fermented to obtain flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.

2. The preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein, In step S4, the moisture content is controlled at 58-66% during the pile fermentation process, the pile height is 0.9-1.3m, and the pile is turned when the central temperature is 65 degrees, and the temperature is controlled not to exceed 71°C; after fermentation for 20-25 days, the moisture content is reduced to 35-40%, and after aging for 2 months, the moisture content is adjusted to 12-15% by drying.

3. The preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The microbial agent is selected from one or more of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus velezensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa or Beauveria bassiana.

4. The preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein, The viable cell concentration of *Paenibacillus polymyxa* is not less than 10 9 cfu / g, the effective viable cell count of *Trichoderma harzianum* is greater than 1.0×10 8 cfu / g, the viable cell concentration of *Beauveria bassiana* is 1.0×10 8 ~1.0×10 10 cfu / g, and that of *Bacillus velezensis* is 1.0×10 9 ~1.0×10 11 cfu / g.

5. The preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the particle size of the straw powder is 11-110 meshes; the volume ratio of the straw powder to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound material is 65-70:30-35; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound material is a mixture of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium salt, and the potassium salt is potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate; the volume fractions of the three substances of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium salt in the mixture are 5% to 13% respectively.

6. The preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the volume ratio of the straw powder to the alkali solution is 0.1-25:

100.

7. The preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alkali solution is an aqueous solution of alkaline fertilizer and quicklime, the volume fraction of the alkaline fertilizer is 0.8% to 6%, and the volume fraction of the quicklime is 0.3% to 3.5%; the alkaline fertilizer is one or both of ammonium carbonate and potassium hydroxide.

8. The preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the ratio of the total volume of solid product A and solid product B, the volume of microbial agent, the volume of ammonium carbonate and the total volume of three auxiliary materials, namely, curing house biomass fuel ash, superphosphate and tobacco stem ash, is 55-80:1-8:4-15:10-25.

9. The preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The content of K2CO3 in the biomass fuel ash of the curing room is ≥10%; the nitrogen nutrient content in the ammonium carbonate is ≥28%, and the tobacco stem ash is the tobacco stem ash of Hunan Yan No. 7 or Yunyan 87.

10. The preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the crushed giant grass straw is 2.5-5 mm, and the particle size of the prepared flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer is 3-12 mm; the application amount of the flue-cured tobacco bio-organic fertilizer is 40-60 kg / mu.

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