A combined test device for pressurized penetration and shearing of ionic rare earth ore bodies

Abstract

The present invention discloses a combined test device for pressurized infiltration and shearing of ionic rare earth ore bodies. The device comprises a shear box, a load system, a dynamic infiltration structure, a graded filtration structure, a data assembly and a processing terminal; the load system is used to apply horizontal and vertical loads to the shear box; the dynamic infiltration structure is used to hold the leachate and allow the leachate to flow into the shear box; the graded filtration structure is used to collect the leachate after reacting with the rare earth ore body sample and obtain the data of the graded filtration analysis; the data assembly is used to summarize the monitoring data during the infiltration and shearing process; the device is controlled by the processing terminal; the shear box comprises an upper box, a lower box, an upper osmotic pressure plate, a lower osmotic pressure plate, an upper filter plate, a lower filter plate, a cover plate, a microporous metal plate and filter paper. The present invention realizes the fine simulation of the in-situ leaching injection and mining process and the integration of infiltration and shear testing, and can provide an experimental basis for the design of in-situ leaching injection and mining parameters and the analysis of the stability of rare earth ore bodies and their disaster risk assessment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical testing, and in particular relates to a pressurized, infiltrative, and shearing combined testing device for an ionic rare earth ore body. Background Art

[0002] Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, rare earth elements are widely used in industries such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and electronic information. In-situ leaching is the mainstream method for mining ionic rare earth ores. Because it does not require excavation, it minimizes damage to the surrounding environment and vegetation, and offers low production costs. In-situ leaching involves injecting a leachate into the rare earth ore body through a shallow well. The leachate then undergoes ion exchange with the rare earth ions adsorbed on clay minerals. The exchanged rare earth ions then flow out of the ore body with the leachate, where they are enriched by precipitation and purified to produce rare earth products. However, during or after in-situ leaching, ionic rare earth ore bodies often experience surface collapse and landslides, severely impacting normal mining activities in the rare earth mining areas. The primary reason for this is that ion exchange is accompanied by the entrainment of fine soil particles by the pressure-seepage action of the leachate. The combined effects of these factors weaken the bonding between ore particles and widen internal pores and pore channels, altering the ore's hydraulic properties (including seepage behavior, deformation patterns, gradation of lost fine particles, and shear strength). This leads to reduced stability of rare earth ore bodies, particularly in southern China, where frequent rainfall exacerbates these hazards. Therefore, it is crucial to study the dynamics of rare earth ore bodies' hydraulic properties under the pressure of leachate injection. This will provide a basis for rare earth mine stability analysis, disaster risk assessment, and optimization of injection parameters. Currently, commonly used penetration shear testing equipment is unable to meet these testing requirements. In the process of realizing the present invention, the inventors found that the prior art has the following specific problems: ① The existing osmotic shear device mainly uses water as the osmotic fluid, which does not have acid corrosion resistance; in situ leaching often uses pressurized weak acid leaching fluids such as ammonium sulfate for leaching, so the test device requires the material to be resistant to acid corrosion and have excellent sealing to prevent leakage of the leaching fluid; ② The traditional pressurized osmotic device has only one cavity for holding the solution, and uses an air compressor to compress the air, thereby squeezing the solution in the cavity. Under the action of pressure, the air will dissolve in the solution, which will change the concentration of the leaching fluid; ③ In the in situ leaching process, there are two synergistic processes of ion exchange and particle loss, which require simultaneous quantitative testing. The existing test device does not have this testing function.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design a new ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration shear combined test device and ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration shear combined test method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration and shear combined test device to solve the problem mentioned in the background technology that the currently commonly used penetration and shear test device cannot meet the needs of studying the law of changes in the hydraulic properties of rare earth ore bodies under the action of leaching liquid pressure injection.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an ionic rare earth ore body pressurized permeation shear combined testing device, comprising a shear box, a loading system, a dynamic permeation structure, a graded filtration structure, a data assembly and a processing terminal;

[0006] The load system is used to apply horizontal and vertical loads to the shear box; the dynamic infiltration structure is used to contain the leachate and allow the leachate to flow into the inner cavity of the shear box; the graded filtration structure is used to collect the leachate after reaction with the rare earth ore sample and obtain graded filtration analysis data; the data assembly is used to summarize the monitoring data during the infiltration and shearing process; and the combined test device is controlled through the processing terminal.

[0007] The shear box comprises an upper box, a lower box, an upper osmotic pressure plate, a lower osmotic pressure plate, an upper filter plate, a lower filter plate, a cover plate, a microporous metal plate and filter paper; the inner cavity is used to hold rare earth ore body samples;

[0008] An upper osmotic pressure plate corresponding to the upper box and a lower osmotic pressure plate corresponding to the lower box are provided on the left side wall of the shear box, and an upper filter plate corresponding to the upper box and a lower filter plate corresponding to the lower box are provided on the right side wall of the shear box; the upper and lower parts of the left side wall of the shear box are both provided with leachate inflow holes, and the upper and lower parts of the right side wall of the shear box are both provided with leachate outflow holes;

[0009] A cover plate, a microporous metal plate, and filter paper are arranged above the rare earth ore sample in the shear box from top to bottom; the top of the cover plate is subjected to a vertical load applied by the load system; the left side of the lower box and the right side of the upper box are subjected to a horizontal load applied by the load system.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the load system includes a load table, a servo motor, a first horizontal axis, a second horizontal axis, a telescopic control knob, a lateral support, a horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor, a horizontal pointer displacement meter, a load frame, a vertical force axis, a servo actuator, a vertical S-shaped pressure sensor, and a vertical pointer displacement meter;

[0011] The bottom of the lower box is provided with two inverted U-shaped rails parallel to the shearing direction, and a plurality of rolling bearings are provided on the load table corresponding to the inverted U-shaped rails, and the inverted U-shaped rails are provided on the rolling bearings.

[0012] The servo motor and the lateral support are both fixedly mounted on the load table. The servo motor applies a load to the left side of the lower box via a first horizontal axis. A horizontal pointer displacement meter is fixed to the first horizontal axis via a clamp, and its pointer contacts the servo motor. The right side of the upper box is connected to one end of the second horizontal axis, and the other end of the second horizontal axis is connected to one end of a horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor. The other end of the horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor is connected to the lateral support via a threaded rod passing through a telescopic control knob.

[0013] The load-bearing frame includes four vertical rods, a top cross rod and a bottom cross rod. The upper ends of the four vertical rods are fixedly connected to the four ends of the top cross rod, and the lower ends of the four vertical rods are fixedly connected to the four ends of the bottom cross rod; the top cross rod is located above the load table, and the bottom cross rod is located below the load table; the servo actuator is fixedly arranged on the bottom cross rod, and the servo actuator applies a load upward to the load table; the upper end of the vertical force axis is connected to the middle part of the top cross rod, and the lower end of the vertical force axis is in contact with the cover plate, and a vertical S-shaped pressure sensor is provided in the middle of the vertical force axis; the vertical pointer displacement meter is fixed to the load table by a clamp, and its pointer is in contact with the cover plate.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the dynamic osmosis structure includes a pressure servo meter, a dynamic osmosis structure main body, and a dynamic osmosis structure support frame; the interior of the dynamic osmosis structure main body is a cavity, and a piston arranged inside the dynamic osmosis structure main body slides up and down to divide its internal cavity into an upper water pressure chamber and a lower liquid supply chamber, the water pressure chamber is filled with pure water, and the liquid supply chamber is filled with leaching liquid, and a piston ring and grease for sealing are provided on the side of the piston; the top of the water pressure chamber is connected to the pressure servo meter through a pipeline.

[0015] The hydraulic chamber is also connected to the first adaptive deformation chamber ring, the second adaptive deformation chamber ring, and the leaching liquid inlet of the shear box through pipelines. The first adaptive deformation chamber ring is arranged between the upper box and the microporous metal plate, and is used to cooperate with the cover plate and the microporous metal plate to form a seal on the upper part of the shear box; the second adaptive deformation chamber ring is arranged between the upper box and the lower box, and forms a seal on the middle part of the shear box.

[0016] The bottom of the liquid supply chamber is connected to the leaching liquid inflow hole of the shear box through a pipeline.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, a first valve is provided on the pipe connecting the water pressure chamber and the first adaptive deformation chamber ring and the second adaptive deformation chamber ring; a second valve is provided on the pipe between the water pressure chamber and the leachate inflow hole of the shear box; and a third valve is provided on the pipe between the liquid supply chamber and the leachate inflow hole of the shear box.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the cross-section of the shear box is rectangular, the upper box and the lower box have the same height, and a first groove and a second groove are provided in the circular contact surface of the upper box and the lower box. The two first grooves are arranged parallel to the shear direction, and a roller plate is provided in the first groove to reduce the friction between the upper box and the lower box. The second groove is arranged in a rectangular shape, and a second adaptive deformation cavity ring is matched in the second groove.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the shear box also includes a long rod bolt, and vertical limiting holes are provided on the left and right sides of the contact surfaces of the upper box and the lower box, and the limiting holes on the upper box and the lower box match each other. The shear box fixes the upper box and the lower box by inserting the long rod bolts into the limiting holes of the upper box and the lower box. The long rod bolts are installed before the pressure penetration test and are removed after the pressure penetration is completed and before the shearing begins.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the upper osmotic pressure plate, lower osmotic pressure plate, upper filter plate and lower filter plate are all honeycomb porous rectangular structures with serrated grooves on the side walls, and the left and right walls in the shear box are both provided with serrated structures matching the serrated grooves; the apertures of the upper filter plate and the lower filter plate are smaller than the apertures of the upper osmotic pressure plate and the lower osmotic pressure plate; the sum of the heights of the upper osmotic pressure plate and the lower osmotic pressure plate is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample, and the contact surface between the upper osmotic pressure plate and the lower osmotic pressure plate is flat and smooth and has the same height as the joint between the upper box and the lower box; the sum of the heights of the upper filter plate and the lower filter plate is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample, and the contact surface between the upper filter plate and the lower filter plate is flat and smooth and has the same height as the joint between the upper box and the lower box.

[0021] In a specific embodiment, the graded filtration structure includes a graded filtration support, a particle separation channel, a particle precipitation tank, and a liquid collection chamber; the particle separation channel is mounted on the graded filtration support, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are respectively provided at the upper portion of both ends of the particle separation channel, the liquid inlet of the particle separation channel is connected to the leachate outflow hole of the shear box through a pipe, and the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel is connected to the liquid collection chamber through a pipe;

[0022] A multi-stage separation membrane is fixedly installed in the particle separation channel, and the multi-stage separation membrane includes a plurality of separation membranes evenly spaced along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel, and the pore size of the separation membrane decreases step by step along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet; a funnel-shaped convergence groove is provided below the space of the particle separation channel separated by the separation membrane, and a particle precipitation tank is correspondingly provided below each convergence groove.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, the leachate is an acidic solution;

[0024] A first flow meter is provided on the pipeline before the leachate flowing into the shear box flows into the hole;

[0025] A second flow meter is provided on the pipeline in front of the particle separation channel;

[0026] A first water pressure sensor is provided between the upper osmotic pressure plate and the lower osmotic pressure plate;

[0027] A pH meter and a second water pressure sensor are provided between the upper filter plate and the lower filter plate;

[0028] The wires of the first water pressure sensor, the pH meter and the second water pressure sensor pass through the preset holes provided on the side wall of the shear box, and a waterproof joint is provided at the preset holes;

[0029] The first flow meter, the second flow meter, the first water pressure sensor, the pH meter and the second water pressure sensor are all connected to the data assembly through wires.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for combining pressurized permeation and shearing testing of an ionic rare earth ore body, which uses the aforementioned pressurized permeation and shearing testing device for an ionic rare earth ore body, and comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. Install the shear box in the load system.

[0032] S2. Place the rare earth ore sample into the shear box and adjust the shear box;

[0033] S3. Complete the preparations before the pressurized penetration test by processing the terminal control load system and the dynamic penetration structure;

[0034] S4. Perform a pressure penetration test and collect pressure penetration test data through a graded filtration structure and data assembly;

[0035] S5. Conduct a shear test and collect shear test data.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The dynamic osmosis structure of a combined pressure infiltration and shear testing device for ionic rare earth ore bodies disclosed herein features a separate hydraulic chamber and liquid supply chamber, each storing purified water and leachate. A pressure servo meter applies a set osmotic pressure to the hydraulic chamber, driving a piston and transmitting the osmotic pressure to the liquid supply chamber, which then pressure-injects the leachate into the rare earth ore sample. By controlling the opening and closing combinations of multiple valves on the dynamic osmosis structure, simulations can be performed for the first pressure injection of leachate into the rare earth ore sample, followed by pure water washing and infiltration. This simulation also allows for conventional pure water pressure infiltration. The pressure servo meter also enables both constant pressure and cyclic dynamic pressure loading. Therefore, the separate hydraulic chamber and liquid supply chamber design within the dynamic osmosis structure of the present invention addresses the issue of air dissolving in the solvent in conventional single pressure infiltration chambers, causing changes in solvent concentration. By configuring multiple valve opening and closing combinations, the dynamic osmosis structure enables refined simulation of diverse in-situ leaching processes and procedures, while also encompassing the pressure infiltration capabilities of conventional pressure infiltration testing devices using water as the solvent.

[0038] The graded filtration structure efficiently separates mineral particles of varying sizes from the leachate (also known as the leaching solution) flowing out of a rare earth ore sample, simultaneously producing a filtered leachate containing rare earth ions. The multi-stage separation membrane, a thin polymer film with successively smaller pore sizes, uses its graded filtration to allow the outflowing particles of varying sizes to converge and settle through convergent notches into their respective multi-stage particle sedimentation tanks. By weighing the particles within each multi-stage particle sedimentation tank, the gradation characteristics of the particles lost within the rare earth ore sample under pressure osmosis can be determined. The filtered leachate then enters a collection chamber, where its pH is measured using a pH meter. This quantitatively measures the ion exchange efficiency within the rare earth ore sample during the pressure osmosis process, providing experimental data support for optimizing injection and production process parameters and assessing injection and production erosion within the rare earth ore.

[0039] The shear box is designed with both penetration and shear functions integrated. It serves as both a container for the pressurized penetration test of rare earth ore samples and a container for the shear test. This avoids disturbances caused by the transfer of rare earth ore samples between different tests and ensures the accuracy of the test results. Considering that the leachate is an acidic solution, the test device is made of acid-corrosion-resistant materials. By pressing and releasing pure water into the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring, the pressure seal of the shear box cavity during the pressurized penetration process (avoiding the risk of leachate leakage) and the frictionless contact between the upper and lower boxes during the shear process (eliminating the frictional resistance of the upper and lower boxes) are achieved, respectively, to ensure the safety of the test operation and the reliability of the test results. In addition, through real-time monitoring data from the flow meter and water pressure sensor, the evolution of the dynamic average permeability coefficient and the cumulative volume of the leachate (used to characterize the pore volume inside the sample) with the penetration time can be calculated.

[0040] Therefore, the test device of the present invention can achieve a detailed simulation of the in-situ leaching injection process and integrate permeability and shear testing. The detailed simulation of the in-situ leaching injection process includes a detailed simulation of the injection pressure form and the composition and concentration of the leachate. The test device of the present invention can obtain the ion exchange efficiency, permeability characteristics, deformation patterns, erosion (particle loss) characteristics, shear strength performance of the rare earth ore body under the injection of different pressurized leachates, and the quantitative relationship between these indicators. It can provide an experimental basis for the design of in-situ leaching injection parameters, rare earth ore body stability analysis, and disaster risk assessment. The test device of the present invention has the characteristics of convenient operation, comprehensive testing functions, and reliable test results.

[0041] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention is further described in detail below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a dynamic permeability structure of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is an assembly diagram of the shear box and load system of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 A top view of a shear box of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the right side wall of the shear box of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a shear box of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a graded filtration structure of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of an upper osmotic pressure plate and a lower osmotic pressure plate of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of an upper filter plate and a lower filter plate of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Among them, 1. shear box, 2. load system, 3. dynamic permeability structure, 4. graded filtration structure, 5. data assembly, 6. processing terminal, 7. inner cavity, 8. left side wall, 9. right side wall, 10. upper box, 11. lower box, 12. cover plate, 13. first adaptive deformation cavity ring, 14. microporous metal plate, 142. serrated slot, 15. rare earth ore body sample, 16. upper permeability plate, 17. lower permeability plate, 18. upper filter plate, 19. lower filter plate, 20. first groove, 21. second groove, 22. roller plate, 23. second adaptive deformation cavity ring, 24. inverted U-shaped rail, 25. rolling bearing, 26. servo motor, 27. first horizontal axis, 28. second horizontal axis, 29. telescopic control knob, 30. lateral support, 31. horizontal S-shaped Pressure sensor, 32. Horizontal pointer displacement meter, 33. Load-bearing frame, 34. Vertical force axis, 35. Servo actuator, 36. Vertical S-type pressure sensor, 37. Vertical pointer displacement meter, 38. Pressure servo meter, 39. Water pressure chamber, 40. First valve, 41. Second valve, 42. Piston, 43. Piston ring, 44. Grease, 45. Liquid supply chamber, 46. Leaching liquid, 47. First water pressure sensor, 48. First flow meter, 49. Third valve, 50. Particle separation channel, 501. Gathering notch, 51. Multi-stage separation membrane, 52. Particle sedimentation tank, 53. Liquid collecting chamber, 54. pH meter, 55. Second water pressure sensor, 56. Second flow meter, 57. Fourth valve, 58. Pure water, 59. Long rod bolt, 60. Pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0054] The present invention provides an ionic rare earth ore body pressurized infiltration and shearing combined testing device, comprising a shear box 1, a load system 2, a dynamic infiltration structure 3, a graded filtration structure 4, a data assembly 5 and a processing terminal 6;

[0055] The load system 2 is used to apply horizontal and vertical loads to the shear box 1; the dynamic infiltration structure 3 is used to contain the leachate 46 and allow the leachate 46 to flow into the inner cavity 7 of the shear box 1; the graded filtration structure 4 is used to collect the leachate 46 after reacting with the rare earth ore sample 15 and obtain data for graded filtration analysis; the data assembly 5 is used to summarize the monitoring data during the infiltration and shearing process; and the combined test device is controlled through the processing terminal 6.

[0056] The shear box 1 includes an upper box 10, a lower box 11, an upper osmotic plate 16, a lower osmotic plate 17, an upper filter plate 18, a lower filter plate 19, a cover plate 12, a microporous metal plate 14 and filter paper; the inner cavity 7 is used to hold a rare earth ore sample 15;

[0057] An upper osmotic pressure plate 16 corresponding to the upper box 10 and a lower osmotic pressure plate 17 corresponding to the lower box 11 are provided at the left side wall 8 in the shear box 1, and an upper filter plate 18 corresponding to the upper box 10 and a lower filter plate 19 corresponding to the lower box 11 are provided at the right side wall 9 in the shear box 1; the upper and lower parts of the left side wall 8 of the shear box 1 are provided with leachate inlet holes, and the upper and lower parts of the right side wall 9 of the shear box 1 are provided with leachate outflow holes; preferably, the materials used to prepare the upper osmotic pressure plate 16, the lower osmotic pressure plate 17, the upper filter plate 18, and the lower filter plate 19 are porous ceramic materials, the pore size of the upper osmotic pressure plate 16 and the lower osmotic pressure plate 17 is not greater than 2 mm, and the pore size of the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19 is not greater than 0.1 mm, which is specifically determined according to the grading of the rare earth ore body samples tested. Porous ceramic materials are primarily made from high-quality raw materials such as corundum sand, silicon carbide, and cordierite. These materials, produced through molding and a special high-temperature sintering process, possess open pore diameters and high open porosity. They exhibit advantages such as resistance to high temperatures, high pressures, corrosion resistance to acids, alkalis, and organic media, excellent biological inertness, a controllable pore structure, high open porosity, a long service life, and excellent product regeneration. The upper and lower osmotic plates 16 and 17 uniformly disperse the osmotic pressure, ensuring that the left side of the rare earth ore sample 15 is subjected to the uniform osmotic pressure of the leachate 46 without disrupting the soil on the left side. The upper and lower filter plates 18 and 19, whose pore sizes are smaller than those of the osmotic plates, prevent the loss of large particles from the rare earth ore sample 15.

[0058] A cover plate 12, a microporous metal plate 14, and filter paper are positioned above the rare earth ore sample 15 in the shear box 1, in descending order. A vertical load is applied by a load system 2 to the top of the cover plate 12, while a horizontal load is applied to the left side of the lower box 11 and the right side of the upper box 10. The microporous metal plate 14 is made of a sintered porous metal material.

[0059] The shear box is designed with the functions of penetration and shearing integrated. It is not only a container for the pressurized penetration test of rare earth ore samples, but also a container for the shear test. It can avoid the disturbance caused by the transfer of rare earth ore samples between different tests and ensure the accuracy of the test results.

[0060] The load system 2 includes a load table, a servo motor 26, a first horizontal axis 27, a second horizontal axis 28, a telescopic control knob 29, a lateral support 30, a horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor 31, a horizontal pointer displacement meter 32, a load frame 33, a vertical force axis 34, a servo actuator 35, a vertical S-shaped pressure sensor 36, and a vertical pointer displacement meter 37;

[0061] The bottom of the lower box 11 is provided with two inverted U-shaped rails 24 parallel to the shearing direction. A plurality of rolling bearings 25 are provided on the load table corresponding to the inverted U-shaped rails 24 , and the inverted U-shaped rails 24 are provided on the rolling bearings 25 .

[0062] The servo motor 26 and the lateral support 30 are both fixedly arranged on the load table. The servo motor 26 applies a load to the left side of the lower box 11 through the first horizontal axis 27, and a horizontal pointer displacement meter 32 is fixed on the first horizontal axis 27 through a clamp, and its pointer abuts against the servo motor 26; the right side of the upper box 10 is connected to one end of the second horizontal axis 28, and the other end of the second horizontal axis 28 is connected to one end of the horizontal S-type pressure sensor 31, and the other end of the horizontal S-type pressure sensor 31 is connected to the lateral support 30 through a threaded rod passing through the telescopic control knob 29; the telescopic control knob 29 is used to adjust so that the second horizontal axis 28 and the right side wall of the upper box 11 can have a certain pressure contact before shearing begins to avoid gaps.

[0063] The load-bearing frame 33 includes four upright rods, a top cross rod, and a bottom cross rod. The upper ends of the four upright rods are fixedly connected to the four ends of the top cross rod, and the lower ends of the four upright rods are fixedly connected to the four ends of the bottom cross rod. The top cross rod is located above the load table, and the bottom cross rod is located below the load table. The servo actuator 35 is fixedly mounted on the bottom cross rod and applies a load upward to the load table. The upper end of the vertical force shaft 34 is connected to the middle of the top cross rod, and the lower end of the vertical force shaft 34 contacts the cover plate 12. A vertical S-shaped pressure sensor 36 is provided in the middle of the vertical force shaft 34. The vertical pointer displacement meter 37 is fixed to the load table via a clamp, and its pointer contacts the cover plate 12. The load-bearing frame 33 is made of high-strength stainless steel.

[0064] The dynamic osmosis structure 3 includes a pressure servo meter 38, a dynamic osmosis structure main body, and a dynamic osmosis structure support frame; the interior of the dynamic osmosis structure main body is a cavity, and a piston 42 arranged inside the dynamic osmosis structure main body slides up and down to divide its internal cavity into an upper water pressure chamber 39 and a lower liquid supply chamber 45. The water pressure chamber 39 is filled with pure water 58, and the liquid supply chamber 45 is filled with leaching liquid 46. The side of the piston is provided with a piston ring 43 and grease 44 for sealing; the top of the water pressure chamber 39 is connected to the pressure servo meter 38 through a pipe 60.

[0065] The hydraulic chamber 39 is also connected to the first adaptive deformation chamber ring 13, the second adaptive deformation chamber ring 23 and the leaching liquid inlet of the shear box 1 through the pipe 60. The first adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 is arranged around the upper box 10 and the microporous metal plate 14. The first adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 is used to cooperate with the cover plate 12 and the microporous metal plate 14 to form a seal on the upper part of the shear box 1; the second adaptive deformation chamber ring 23 is arranged around the upper box 10 and the lower box 11. The second adaptive deformation chamber ring 23 forms a seal on the middle part of the shear box 1.

[0066] The bottom of the liquid supply chamber 45 is connected to the leachate inlet of the shear box 1 via a pipe 60. By designing the hydraulic chamber and the liquid supply chamber separately to store pure water and leachate, the problem of air dissolving in the solvent in the single pressure osmosis chamber in the prior art is solved, which causes the solvent concentration to change.

[0067] The first adaptive deformation cavity ring 13 is arranged around the microporous metal plate 14, that is, the first adaptive deformation cavity ring 13 is in contact with the upper box 10, the cover plate 12, the microporous metal plate 14, the upper osmotic plate 16 and the upper filter plate 18 respectively.

[0068] A first valve 40 is provided on the pipe 60 connecting the water pressure chamber 39 with the first adaptive deformation chamber ring 13 and the second adaptive deformation chamber ring 23; a second valve 41 is provided on the pipe 60 between the water pressure chamber 39 and the extraction liquid inflow hole of the shear box 1; and a third valve 49 is provided on the pipe 60 between the liquid supply chamber 45 and the extraction liquid inflow hole of the shear box 1.

[0069] Pure water 58 is pressed into the first adaptive deformable cavity ring 13 and the second adaptive deformable cavity ring 23 through the first valve 40 to expand the volume. The first adaptive deformable cavity ring 13 contacts the upper box 10, the cover plate 12 and the microporous metal plate 14 under pressure to form a pressure seal. The second adaptive deformable cavity ring 23 forms a pressure seal at the joint between the upper box 10 and the lower box 11. The pressure seal of the shear box cavity is realized during the pressurized infiltration process, thereby avoiding the risk of leakage of the leaching liquid.

[0070] Pure water 58 is released from the first adaptive deformable cavity ring 13 and the second adaptive deformable cavity ring 23 through the first valve 40, and the volume shrinks. The first adaptive deformable cavity ring 13 shrinks and disengages from the upper box 10, the cover plate 12 and the microporous metal plate 14, and the second adaptive deformable cavity ring 23 forms a pressure relief and separation at the joint of the upper box 10 and the lower box 11; frictionless contact between the upper box and the lower box is achieved during the shearing process, the frictional resistance between the upper box and the lower box is eliminated, and the safety of the test operation and the reliability of the test results are ensured.

[0071] The shear box 1 has a square cross-section, and the upper box 10 and the lower box 11 have the same height. A first groove 20 and a second groove 21 are provided in the circular contact surface of the upper box 10 and the lower box 11. The two first grooves 20 are arranged parallel to the shearing direction. A roller plate 22 is provided in the first groove 20 to reduce the friction between the upper box 10 and the lower box 11. The second groove 21 is arranged in a rectangular shape, and a second adaptive deformation cavity ring 23 is provided in the second groove 21. The second groove 21 is closer to the inner side of the shear box 1 than the first groove 20.

[0072] The shear box 1 also includes a long rod bolt 59. Vertical limiting holes are provided on the left and right sides of the contact surfaces of the upper box 10 and the lower box 11, and the limiting holes on the upper box 10 and the lower box 11 match each other. The shear box 1 fixes the upper box 10 and the lower box 11 by inserting the long rod bolt 59 into the limiting holes of the upper box 10 and the lower box 11. The long rod bolt 59 is installed before the pressure penetration test and is removed after the pressure penetration is completed and before the shearing begins.

[0073] The upper osmotic pressure plate 16, the lower osmotic pressure plate 17, the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19 are all honeycomb-shaped porous rectangular structures with serrated grooves 142 on the side walls, and the left side wall 8 and the right side wall 9 in the shear box 1 are both provided with serrated structures matching the serrated grooves 142; the apertures of the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19 are smaller than the apertures of the upper osmotic pressure plate 16 and the lower osmotic pressure plate 17; the sum of the heights of the upper osmotic pressure plate 16 and the lower osmotic pressure plate 17 is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample 15, and the contact surface between the upper osmotic pressure plate 16 and the lower osmotic pressure plate 17 is flat and smooth and has the same height as the joint between the upper box 10 and the lower box 11; the sum of the heights of the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19 is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample 15, and the contact surface between the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19 is flat and smooth and has the same height as the joint between the upper box 10 and the lower box 11.

[0074] The graded filtration structure 4 includes a graded filtration support, a particle separation channel 50, a particle precipitation tank 52, and a liquid collection chamber 53; the particle separation channel 50 is mounted on the graded filtration support, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are respectively provided at the upper portion of both ends of the particle separation channel 50. The liquid inlet of the particle separation channel 50 is connected to the leaching liquid outflow hole of the shear box 1 through a pipe 60, and the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel 50 is connected to the liquid collection chamber 53 through a pipe 60;

[0075] A multi-stage separation membrane 51 is fixedly installed in the particle separation channel 50. The multi-stage separation membrane 51 includes a plurality of separation membranes evenly spaced along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel 50, and the pore size of the separation membrane decreases step by step along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet; a funnel-shaped convergence groove 501 is provided below the space of the particle separation channel 50 separated by the separation membrane, and a particle precipitation tank 52 is correspondingly provided below each convergence groove 501.

[0076] Through the graded filtration of multi-stage separation membranes, outflowing particles of varying sizes are collected and deposited through convergent notches into their respective multi-stage particle sedimentation tanks. By weighing the particles within each multi-stage particle sedimentation tank, the gradation characteristics of the lost particles within the rare earth ore sample under pressure osmosis can be determined. Testing the pH of the leachate with a pH meter can quantitatively determine the ion exchange efficiency within the rare earth ore sample during pressure osmosis, providing experimental data support for optimizing injection and mining process parameters and assessing injection and mining erosion within the rare earth ore body.

[0077] The leaching solution 46 is an acidic solution, preferably a sulfuric acid solution.

[0078] A first flow meter 48 is provided on the pipe 60 before the inflow hole of the leachate flowing into the shear box 1;

[0079] A second flow meter 56 is provided on the pipe 60 in front of the particle separation channel 50; a fourth valve 57 is further provided between the second flow meter 56 and the particle separation channel 50;

[0080] A first water pressure sensor 47 is provided between the upper osmotic pressure plate 16 and the lower osmotic pressure plate 17;

[0081] A pH meter 54 and a second water pressure sensor 55 are provided between the upper filter plate 18 and the lower filter plate 19;

[0082] The wires of the first water pressure sensor 47, the pH meter 54 and the second water pressure sensor 55 pass through the preset holes provided on the side wall of the shear box 1, and a waterproof connector is provided at the preset holes;

[0083] The servo motor 26, horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor 31, horizontal pointer displacement meter 32, servo actuator 35, vertical S-shaped pressure sensor 36, vertical pointer displacement meter 37, pressure servo meter 38, first flow meter 48, second flow meter 56, first water pressure sensor 47, pH meter 54, and second water pressure sensor 55 are all connected to the data assembly 5 via wires. The data assembly 5 is connected to the processing terminal 6 via a data line, providing real-time feedback of all sensor monitoring data during the penetration and shearing process.

[0084] In the dynamic osmosis structure, the osmotic pressure data measured by the first water pressure sensor is fed back to the pressure servo instrument, which then controls the osmotic pressure value of the leaching liquid output by the liquid supply chamber.

[0085] A pressure servo meter applies a set osmotic pressure to the hydraulic chamber, driving the piston and transmitting the osmotic pressure to the liquid supply chamber, which then pressure-injects the leachate into the rare earth ore sample. The pressure servo meter, in conjunction with the first water pressure sensor, enables multiple pressurization modes, including constant pressure, cyclic dynamic pressure, pulse pressure, and intermittent pressure application. Furthermore, by controlling the opening and closing of multiple valves configured on the dynamic osmotic structure, simulations can be performed for the pressure injection and subsequent pure water osmosis of the rare earth ore sample, as well as traditional pure water pressure osmosis.

[0086] The upper and lower boxes, upper and lower osmotic plates, upper and lower filter plates, and piping are all made of acid- and alkali-resistant materials to prevent corrosion from the sulfuric acid-based extract. The microporous metal plates have a pore size of 0.001mm to 0.01mm and must be soaked in pure water to saturate before placement in the shear box.

[0087] The test device of the present invention can provide reliable support for the design of in-situ leaching injection and mining parameters in ionic rare earth mining areas, the study of ore body seepage erosion characteristics, hydraulic properties and ore body stability, including the calculation of physical and mechanical indicators such as the dynamic permeability coefficient of the ore body, the loss particle grading, the cumulative volume of the stored leaching solution, and the shear strength.

[0088] The readings of the first flowmeter and the first water pressure sensor are Q1 and P1, respectively. The readings of the second flowmeter and the second water pressure sensor are Q2 and P2, respectively. During the pressure infiltration process, the cross-sectional area of ​​the rare earth ore sample perpendicular to the shear direction is A, and the corresponding seepage length parallel to the shear direction is L. The dynamic average permeability coefficient κ of the rare earth ore sample after the infiltration process lasts for a period of time T is calculated by the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] Wherein, ρ is the density of the pure water, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0091] The cumulative volume V3 of the leaching solution stored in the rare earth ore sample is calculated by the following formula:

[0092] V3=Q1-Q2 (2).

[0093] The present invention also provides a method for combining pressurized permeation and shearing testing of an ionic rare earth ore body, which uses the aforementioned pressurized permeation and shearing testing device for an ionic rare earth ore body, and comprises the following steps:

[0094] S1, installing the shear box 1 in the load system 2;

[0095] S2, placing the rare earth ore sample 15 into the shear box 1, and adjusting the shear box 1;

[0096] S3, controlling the load system 2 and the dynamic permeation structure 3 through the processing terminal 6 to complete the preparations before the pressurized permeation test;

[0097] S4, performing a pressure penetration test, and collecting pressure penetration test data through the graded filtration structure 4 and the data assembly 5;

[0098] S5. Conduct a shear test and collect shear test data.

[0099] Example 1

[0100] Combined test of pressure penetration and shearing of ionic rare earth ore bodies.

[0101] A combined pressure-infiltration-shear test of an ionic rare earth ore body comprises the following steps:

[0102] S1. First, place the inverted U-shaped rail at the bottom of the shear box on the rolling bearing, apply lubricating oil in the first groove at the joint of the upper box and the lower box and place the roller plate, check whether the second adaptive deformation cavity ring in the second groove is intact and place it in the second groove of the lower box; embed the lower osmotic plate and the lower filter plate in the serrated side walls of the left and right walls of the shear box respectively; place the upper box on the lower box and align it with the inner cavity, insert the long rod bolt and tighten it, and embed the upper osmotic plate and the upper filter plate in the serrated side walls of the left and right walls of the shear box respectively; the wires of the first water pressure sensor, pH meter and second water pressure sensor are led out through the preset holes in the side wall of the shear box and tighten the waterproof joint; evenly apply lubricant in the inner cavity of the shear box; place the rare earth ore body sample into the inner cavity of the shear box, followed by the filter paper, microporous metal plate, first adaptive deformation cavity ring and cover plate in turn, and connect the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring to the water pressure chamber through the pipe.

[0103] S2. Install the vertical pointer displacement meter, horizontal pointer displacement meter, vertical S-type pressure sensor and horizontal S-type pressure sensor, and align the vertical force axis on the supporting frame with the central groove on the contact cover; adjust the horizontal loading system by controlling the servo motor to ensure that the first horizontal axis of the servo motor contacts the lower box, and ensure that the second horizontal axis contacts the upper box by rotating the telescopic control knob on the lateral support; then, set the readings of the vertical pointer displacement meter, horizontal pointer displacement meter, vertical S-type pressure sensor and horizontal S-type pressure sensor to zero.

[0104] S3. Control the servo actuator and the vertical S-type pressure sensor through the processing terminal, apply a preset vertical pressure or a vertical pressure required by relevant specifications and standards, and record the initial reading of the vertical pointer displacement meter after stabilization; open the first valve, and control the water pressure chamber through the pressure servo instrument to pressurize the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring with pure water. The volume of the cavity ring expands to form a sealed pressure contact in the shear box.

[0105] S4. Open the third valve to allow the leaching liquid to enter the inner cavity of the shear box from the liquid supply chamber, allowing the leaching liquid to infiltrate the rare earth ore sample and react with the rare earth elements, and open the fourth valve to allow the leaching liquid flowing out of the rare earth ore sample to flow into the graded filtration structure, and water, rare earth ions and particulate matter pass through the multi-stage separation membrane directly into the liquid collecting chamber, and different larger particle size mineral particles are screened by the multi-stage separation membrane and precipitated to the multi-stage particle precipitation tank under the action of gravity; collect real-time data from the vertical pointer displacement meter, the first flow meter, the first water pressure sensor, the second flow meter, the second water pressure sensor, and the pH meter, and wait for the pH meter reading to stabilize and equal to the original pH value of the leaching liquid, then close the third valve and open the second valve. , the water pressure chamber directly inputs pure water into the shear box, waits again for the pH meter reading to stabilize to a neutral value, closes the first valve, the second valve and the fourth valve, disconnects the first adaptive deformation chamber ring, the second adaptive deformation chamber ring and the water pressure chamber, stops the liquid input and output in the shear box, removes all multi-stage particle sedimentation tanks, filters, dries and weighs the mass of the particles in each multi-stage particle sedimentation tank, draws the loss fine particle grading characteristics of the rare earth ore sample under the action of pressure penetration, calculates and draws the dynamic average permeability coefficient of the rare earth ore sample, the cumulative volume of the leaching liquid stored inside the sample and the vertical deformation of the sample with the penetration time; removes the liquid collecting chamber for rare earth element composition and concentration analysis.

[0106] S5. Maintain vertical pressure, remove the long-rod bolt and then start shearing, and collect readings of the vertical pointer displacement meter, horizontal pointer displacement meter, vertical S-type pressure sensor and horizontal S-type pressure sensor in real time.

[0107] S6. After the shearing is completed, the processing terminal controls the servo actuator and vertical S-shaped pressure sensor to reduce the vertical pressure to zero, so that the vertical force axis on the load-bearing frame is separated from the cover plate. Subsequently, the cover plate, the first adaptive deformation cavity ring, the microporous metal plate, the rare earth ore body sample, the upper osmotic plate, the upper filter plate, the lower osmotic plate, and the lower filter plate are removed in sequence. The three-dimensional morphology of the shear failure surface of the rare earth ore body sample is recorded by photographing. The rare earth ore body sample is weighed, and the components of the test apparatus are cleaned and naturally dried. The test data is compiled and analyzed to obtain the shear properties and strength parameters of the rare earth ore body sample under pressure penetration.

[0108] S7. Repeat steps S1 to S6 to carry out the next set of tests.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] Combined pressure seepage and shear test for general soil samples.

[0111] A general soil sample pressure seepage shear combined test includes the following steps:

[0112] S1. First, place the inverted U-shaped rail at the bottom of the shear box on the rolling bearing, apply lubricating oil in the first groove at the joint of the upper box and the lower box and place the roller plate, check whether the second adaptive deformation cavity ring in the second groove is intact and place it in the second groove of the lower box; embed the lower osmotic pressure plate and the lower filter plate in the serrated side walls of the left and right walls of the shear box respectively; place the upper box on the lower box and align it with the inner cavity, insert the long rod bolt and tighten it, and embed the upper osmotic pressure plate and the upper filter plate in the serrated side walls of the left and right walls of the shear box respectively; the wires of the first water pressure sensor, pH meter and second water pressure sensor are led out through the preset holes in the side wall of the shear box and tighten the waterproof joint; evenly apply lubricant in the inner cavity of the shear box; push the soil sample into the inner cavity of the shear box, followed by the filter paper, microporous metal plate, first adaptive deformation cavity ring and cover plate, and connect the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring to the water pressure chamber through the pipe.

[0113] S2. Install the vertical pointer displacement meter, horizontal pointer displacement meter, vertical S-type pressure sensor and horizontal S-type pressure sensor, and align the vertical force axis on the supporting frame with the central groove on the contact cover; adjust the horizontal loading system by controlling the servo motor to ensure that the first horizontal axis of the servo motor contacts the lower box, and ensure that the second horizontal axis contacts the upper box by rotating the telescopic control knob on the lateral support; then, set the readings of the vertical pointer displacement meter, horizontal pointer displacement meter, vertical S-type pressure sensor and horizontal S-type pressure sensor to zero.

[0114] S3. Control the servo actuator and the vertical S-type pressure sensor through the processing terminal, apply a preset vertical pressure or a vertical pressure required by relevant specifications and standards, and record the initial reading of the vertical pointer displacement meter after stabilization; open the first valve, and control the water pressure chamber through the pressure servo instrument to pressurize the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring with pure water. The volume of the cavity ring expands to form a sealed pressure contact in the shear box.

[0115] S4. Open the second valve to allow pure water to enter the inner cavity of the shear box from the water pressure chamber, and open the fourth valve to allow the water flowing out of the general soil sample to flow into the graded filtration structure. The water passes through the multi-stage separation membrane directly into the liquid collecting chamber. Different larger-sized mineral particles are screened by the multi-stage separation membrane and precipitated to the multi-stage particle sedimentation tank under the action of gravity; collect real-time data from the vertical pointer displacement meter, the first flowmeter, the first water pressure sensor, the second flowmeter, and the second water pressure sensor, infiltrate for a specified time, close the first valve, the second valve, and the fourth valve, disconnect the first adaptive deformation cavity ring and the second adaptive deformation cavity ring from the water pressure chamber, stop the liquid input and output in the shear box, remove all the multi-stage particle sedimentation tanks, filter, dry, and weigh the particle mass in each multi-stage particle sedimentation tank, draw the fine particle grading characteristics of the general soil sample under pressure infiltration, calculate and draw the dynamic average permeability coefficient of the general soil sample, the cumulative volume of pure water stored in the soil sample, and the vertical deformation of the soil sample as the infiltration time changes.

[0116] S5. Maintain vertical pressure, remove the long-rod bolt and then start shearing, and collect readings of the vertical pointer displacement meter, horizontal pointer displacement meter, vertical S-type pressure sensor and horizontal S-type pressure sensor in real time.

[0117] S6. After the shearing is completed, the processing terminal controls the servo actuator and vertical S-shaped pressure sensor to reduce the vertical pressure to zero, separating the vertical force axis on the load-bearing frame from the cover plate. Subsequently, the cover plate, first adaptive deformation chamber ring, microporous metal plate, general soil sample, upper piezoresistance plate, upper filter plate, lower piezoresistance plate, and lower filter plate are removed in sequence. The three-dimensional morphology of the shear failure surface of the general soil sample is photographed and recorded. The general soil sample is weighed, and all components of the test apparatus are cleaned and naturally dried. The test data is then compiled and analyzed to obtain the shear properties and strength parameters of the general soil sample under pressure penetration.

[0118] S7. Repeat steps S1 to S6 to carry out the next set of tests.

[0119] Example 3

[0120] Combined test of pressure penetration and shearing of ionic rare earth ore bodies.

[0121] A method for determining whether rare earth element exchange is complete and the exchange efficiency, the principle and operation steps of which are as follows:

[0122] The main component of the leachate—sulfuric acid—is weakly acidic when dissolved in water. When the sulfuric acid reacts with the rare earth elements, the leachate flowing into the collection chamber (called the leachate) changes from weakly acidic to neutral. The faster the rare earth element reaction, the more significant the pH change. As the reaction slows and gradually completes, the pH of the leachate gradually approaches its original weak acidity. Therefore, monitoring the pH of the leachate can reflect the complete exchange of rare earth elements and the rate of the ion exchange reaction.

[0123] The operation steps are as follows: S1. First, measure the initial pH value of the leachate. When the infiltration begins, record the real-time data of the pH meter. In the initial stage of the infiltration, the ion exchange reaction is relatively intense, and the pH value of the leachate deviates significantly from the initial value of the leachate.

[0124] S2. When the pH value of the leachate is substantially consistent with the initial pH value of the leachate, it indicates that the ion exchange reaction is completed. At this time, the third valve is closed to stop the input of the leachate, and the second valve is opened to switch to the input of pure water.

[0125] S3: After the purified water drives the leachate into the graded filtration structure, the pH gradually rises from the initial pH to a neutral value. The excess leachate is recovered in the collection chamber, and the permeation stage ends. A curve of pH versus permeation time is plotted to evaluate ion exchange efficiency.

[0126] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all of these should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined pressure-infiltration and shearing test device for ionic rare earth ore bodies, characterized in that: It includes a shear box (1), a load system (2), a dynamic permeation structure (3), a graded filtration structure (4), a data assembly (5) and a processing terminal (6); The load system (2) is used to apply horizontal load and vertical load to the shear box (1); the dynamic permeation structure (3) is used to hold the leachate (46) and allow the leachate (46) to flow into the inner cavity (7) of the shear box (1); the graded filtration structure (4) is used to collect the leachate (46) after reacting with the rare earth ore sample (15) and obtain graded filtration analysis data; the data assembly (5) is used to summarize the monitoring data during the permeation and shearing process; and the combined test device is controlled through the processing terminal (6); The shear box (1) comprises an upper box (10), a lower box (11), an upper osmotic pressure plate (16), a lower osmotic pressure plate (17), an upper filter plate (18), a lower filter plate (19), a cover plate (12), a microporous metal plate (14) and filter paper; the inner cavity (7) is used to hold a rare earth ore body sample (15); An upper osmotic pressure plate (16) corresponding to the upper box (10) and a lower osmotic pressure plate (17) corresponding to the lower box (11) are provided on the left side wall (8) in the shear box (1), and an upper filter plate (18) corresponding to the upper box (10) and a lower filter plate (19) corresponding to the lower box (11) are provided on the right side wall (9) in the shear box (1); the upper and lower parts of the left side wall (8) of the shear box (1) are provided with leaching liquid inflow holes, and the upper and lower parts of the right side wall (9) of the shear box (1) are provided with leaching liquid outflow holes; A cover plate (12), a microporous metal plate (14), and filter paper are sequentially arranged above the rare earth ore body sample (15) in the shear box (1); a vertical load is applied by the load system (2) to the top of the cover plate (12); and a horizontal load is applied by the load system (2) to the left side of the lower box (11) and the right side of the upper box (10); The dynamic osmosis structure (3) comprises a pressure servo meter (38), a dynamic osmosis structure main body, and a dynamic osmosis structure support frame; the interior of the dynamic osmosis structure main body is a cavity, and a piston (42) arranged inside the dynamic osmosis structure main body slides up and down to separate the internal cavity into an upper water pressure chamber (39) and a lower liquid supply chamber (45); the water pressure chamber (39) is filled with pure water (58), and the liquid supply chamber (45) is filled with leaching liquid (46); a piston ring (43) and grease (44) for sealing are provided on the side of the piston; the top of the water pressure chamber (39) is connected to the pressure servo meter (38) through a pipe (60); The hydraulic chamber (39) is also connected to the first adaptive deformation chamber ring (13), the second adaptive deformation chamber ring (23) and the leaching liquid inflow hole of the shear box (1) through the pipeline (60). The first adaptive deformation chamber ring (13) is arranged around the upper box (10) and the microporous metal plate (14). The first adaptive deformation chamber ring (13) is used to cooperate with the cover plate (12) and the microporous metal plate (14) to form a seal on the upper part of the shear box (1); the second adaptive deformation chamber ring (23) is arranged around the upper box (10) and the lower box (11). The second adaptive deformation chamber ring (23) forms a seal on the middle part of the shear box (1); The bottom of the liquid supply chamber (45) is connected to the leaching liquid inlet of the shear box (1) through a pipe (60); A first valve (40) is provided on a pipe (60) connecting the hydraulic chamber (39) and the first adaptive deformation chamber ring (13) and the second adaptive deformation chamber ring (23); a second valve (41) is provided on a pipe (60) between the hydraulic chamber (39) and the leaching liquid inflow hole of the shear box (1); and a third valve (49) is provided on a pipe (60) between the liquid supply chamber (45) and the leaching liquid inflow hole of the shear box (1).

2. The ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration shear combined testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load system (2) includes a load table, a servo motor (26), a first horizontal axis (27), a second horizontal axis (28), a telescopic control knob (29), a lateral support (30), a horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor (31), a horizontal pointer displacement meter (32), a load-bearing frame (33), a vertical force axis (34), a servo actuator (35), a vertical S-shaped pressure sensor (36), and a vertical pointer displacement meter (37); The bottom of the lower box (11) is provided with two inverted U-shaped rails (24) parallel to the shearing direction, and a plurality of rolling bearings (25) are provided on the load table corresponding to the inverted U-shaped rails (24), and the inverted U-shaped rails (24) are provided on the rolling bearings (25); The servo motor (26) and the lateral support (30) are both fixedly arranged on the load table, the servo motor (26) applies a load to the left side of the lower box (11) through the first horizontal shaft (27), and a horizontal pointer displacement meter (32) is fixedly arranged on the first horizontal shaft (27) through a clamp, and its pointer contacts the servo motor (26); the right side of the upper box (10) is connected to one end of the second horizontal shaft (28), the other end of the second horizontal shaft (28) is connected to one end of a horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor (31), and the other end of the horizontal S-shaped pressure sensor (31) is connected to the lateral support (30) through a threaded rod passing through the telescopic control knob (29); The load-bearing frame (33) comprises four vertical rods, a top cross rod and a bottom cross rod, the upper ends of the four vertical rods are fixedly connected to the four ends of the top cross rod respectively, and the lower ends of the four vertical rods are fixedly connected to the four ends of the bottom cross rod respectively; the top cross rod is located above the load table, and the bottom cross rod is located below the load table; the servo actuator (35) is fixedly arranged on the bottom cross rod, and the servo actuator (35) applies a load upward to the load table; the upper end of the vertical force shaft (34) is connected to the middle of the top cross rod, the lower end of the vertical force shaft (34) is in contact with the cover plate (12), and a vertical S-shaped pressure sensor (36) is provided in the middle of the vertical force shaft (34); the vertical pointer displacement meter (37) is fixed to the load table through a clamp, and its pointer contacts the cover plate (12).

3. The ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration shear combined testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the shear box (1) is rectangular, the upper box (10) and the lower box (11) have the same height, a first groove (20) and a second groove (21) are provided in the circular contact surface of the upper box (10) and the lower box (11), the two first grooves (20) are arranged parallel to the shearing direction, a roller plate (22) for reducing the friction between the upper box (10) and the lower box (11) is provided in the first groove (20), the second groove (21) is arranged in a rectangular shape, and a second adaptive deformation cavity ring (23) is matched and provided in the second groove (21).

4. The ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration shear combined testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shear box (1) further includes a long rod bolt (59), and vertical limiting holes are provided on both sides of the left and right sides of the contact surfaces of the upper box (10) and the lower box (11), and the limiting holes on the upper box (10) and the lower box (11) match each other. The shear box (1) fixes the upper box (10) and the lower box (11) by inserting the long rod bolt (59) into the limiting holes of the upper box (10) and the lower box (11). The long rod bolt (59) is installed before the pressure penetration test, and the long rod bolt (59) is removed after the pressure penetration is completed and before the shearing begins.

5. The ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration shear combined testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper osmotic plate (16), the lower osmotic plate (17), the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19) are all honeycomb-shaped porous rectangular structures with sawtooth slots (142) on the side walls, and the left side wall (8) and the right side wall (9) in the shear box (1) are both provided with sawtooth structures matching the sawtooth slots (142); the apertures of the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19) are smaller than the apertures of the upper osmotic plate (16) and the lower osmotic plate (17); the upper osmotic plate (16) and The sum of the heights of the lower osmotic plates (17) is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample (15), and the contact surface between the upper osmotic plate (16) and the lower osmotic plate (17) is flat and smooth and has the same height as the joint between the upper box (10) and the lower box (11); the sum of the heights of the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19) is equal to the height of the rare earth ore body sample (15), and the contact surface between the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19) is flat and smooth and has the same height as the joint between the upper box (10) and the lower box (11).

6. The ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration shear combined testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graded filtration structure (4) comprises a graded filtration support, a particle separation channel (50), a particle precipitation tank (52), and a liquid collection chamber (53); the particle separation channel (50) is mounted on the graded filtration support, and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are respectively provided at the upper portions of both ends of the particle separation channel (50); the liquid inlet of the particle separation channel (50) is connected to the leaching liquid outflow hole of the shear box (1) through a pipe (60), and the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel (50) is connected to the liquid collection chamber (53) through a pipe (60); A multi-stage separation membrane (51) is fixedly arranged in the particle separation channel (50), and the multi-stage separation membrane (51) includes a plurality of separation membranes evenly spaced along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet of the particle separation channel (50), and the pore size of the separation membrane decreases step by step along the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet; funnel-shaped convergence slots (501) are arranged below the space of the particle separation channel (50) separated by the separation membrane, and a particle precipitation tank (52) is correspondingly arranged below each convergence slot (501).

7. The ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration shear combined testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leaching solution (46) is an acidic solution; A first flow meter (48) is provided on the pipe (60) before the inflow hole of the leachate flowing into the shear box (1); A second flow meter (56) is provided on the pipe (60) in front of the particle separation channel (50); A first water pressure sensor (47) is provided between the upper osmotic pressure plate (16) and the lower osmotic pressure plate (17); A pH meter (54) and a second water pressure sensor (55) are provided between the upper filter plate (18) and the lower filter plate (19); The wires of the first water pressure sensor (47), the pH meter (54) and the second water pressure sensor (55) pass through a preset hole provided on the side wall of the shear box (1), and a waterproof joint is provided at the preset hole; The first flow meter (48), the second flow meter (56), the first water pressure sensor (47), the pH meter (54) and the second water pressure sensor (55) are all connected to the data assembly (5) via wires.

8. A combined test method for pressurized penetration and shearing of ionic rare earth ore bodies, characterized in that: The ionic rare earth ore body pressurized penetration shear combined testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, comprising the following steps: S1, installing the shear box (1) in the load system (2); S2. Place the rare earth ore body sample (15) into the shear box (1) and adjust the shear box (1); S3, controlling the load system (2) and the dynamic penetration structure (3) through the processing terminal (6) to complete the preparation before the pressurized penetration test; S4, performing a pressure penetration test, and collecting pressure penetration test data through a graded filtration structure (4) and a data assembly (5); S5. Conduct a shear test and collect shear test data.

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