Advanced geological prediction method and system

Abstract

The application provides a geological prediction method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of radar measuring points on the ground surface of a region to be constructed according to the operation plan of a tunneling device to install radars; and detecting whether there is a geological anomaly body under the ground surface of the region to be constructed by using the radars before the tunneling device performs a tunneling operation. In the scheme, the radars are arranged on the ground surface to perform detection, thereby solving the problem that it is difficult to arrange radars between the cutting disc of the tunneling device and the tunnel face in the traditional method, so that effective monitoring of unfavorable excavation conditions is realized, and the influence of electromagnetic interference generated by the tunneling device under the ground on the radar signal is significantly reduced due to the operation of the radars on the ground surface, thereby improving the accuracy of the geological prediction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel excavation, and more particularly to an advanced geological prediction method and system. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel excavation, complex and varied topographical and geological conditions, as well as adverse geological features such as faults, karst caves, and fractured rock masses, are the main sources of construction hazards. These adverse geological phenomena are often well-hidden and difficult to accurately identify and predict. Therefore, in order to effectively understand the geological conditions ahead of the tunnel face during construction and prevent and reduce potential hazards during excavation, experts and scholars are dedicated to researching and developing theories and methods for advanced geological prediction.

[0003] Traditional geological prediction techniques encompass various methods, including advanced drilling, seismic reflection detection, and electromagnetic detection. Among these methods, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology, with its lightweight equipment and ease of operation, has been widely used in advanced geological exploration for tunnel construction. It transmits radar signals along the tunnel excavation direction, providing a direct visual representation of the geological conditions in the area ahead of construction. However, for TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) construction, the limited distance between the cutterhead and the tunnel face, coupled with the small area of ​​the tunnel face itself, makes it extremely difficult to deploy GPR or other sensors near the face. Furthermore, the strong vibrations generated by the TBM during excavation can loosen or even detach these radars or sensors, affecting their structural integrity and functionality. In addition, the large size of the TBM itself makes it prone to complex electromagnetic interference, severely impacting the accuracy and stability of radar signals. These factors combined make traditional advanced geological prediction methods difficult to implement effectively in TBM construction, resulting in less than ideal practical results.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an advanced geological prediction method with better detection effect is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an advanced geological prediction method and system, which places radar on the ground surface to detect underground geological anomalies in advance. This avoids the problem of difficulty in placing sensors between the cutterhead and the working face of the tunnel boring machine in traditional geological prediction methods, and realizes the monitoring of adverse excavation conditions. At the same time, since the radar is on the ground and the tunnel boring machine is underground, the electromagnetic interference of the tunnel boring machine is effectively avoided from affecting the radar detection signal, thus improving the accuracy of geological prediction.

[0006] The first aspect provides an advanced geological prediction method, including:

[0007] According to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment, several radar measuring points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed for radar installation.

[0008] Before the tunneling equipment performs tunneling operations, radar is used to detect whether there are any geological anomalies beneath the surface of the area to be constructed.

[0009] Preferably, radar is used to detect whether there are geological anomalies beneath the surface of the area to be constructed, including:

[0010] Acquire detection signals emitted by radars at different installation locations;

[0011] All detection signals are projected onto the area to be detected below the Earth's surface to detect whether there are geological anomalies in the area.

[0012] Specifically, the operation plan for tunneling equipment is formulated based on the following factors:

[0013] Tunneling route; tunneling direction; tunneling progress.

[0014] Preferably, according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment, several radar measuring points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed, including:

[0015] A number of radar measuring points are arranged in front of the tunnel face along the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment, and the radar measuring points and the tunnel face maintain at least a first preset distance.

[0016] The construction project corresponding to the area to be constructed includes a tunnel; radar measuring points are arranged on both sides of the tunnel sidewall along the tunneling direction perpendicular to the tunneling equipment, and the radar measuring point on each side and the corresponding tunnel sidewall maintain at least a second preset distance.

[0017] Specifically, the methods for determining the tunneling route include:

[0018] Prepare a geological survey report based on the geological environment of the area to be constructed;

[0019] Based on the geological survey report, risk areas that do not meet the preset conditions are screened out from the area to be constructed.

[0020] Determine the types of geological anomalies expected to occur in the risk area based on the geological conditions of the risk area;

[0021] The risk level and impact range of the risk area are determined based on the type of geological anomaly expected to occur.

[0022] The tunneling route for the tunneling equipment in the area to be constructed is determined based on the risk level, the scope of impact, and the geological conditions of the area to be constructed.

[0023] Specifically, the methods also include:

[0024] If a geological anomaly is detected, the type and size of the anomaly are analyzed, and the tunneling parameters of the tunneling equipment are adjusted according to the type and size of the anomaly. And / or, pre-set advance treatment measures are implemented for the geological anomaly and the surrounding pre-set range of the geological anomaly according to the type and size of the anomaly.

[0025] Specifically, the methods also include:

[0026] If no geological anomalies are detected, the tunneling equipment will be controlled to perform tunneling operations according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment.

[0027] Specifically, the tunneling parameters include at least one of the following:

[0028] Cutter head rotation speed; cutter head torque; tool hardness; feed rate; thrust; penetration;

[0029] Pre-set proactive measures include:

[0030] Advanced pipe roof grouting measures or advanced pilot tunnel measures.

[0031] Specifically, geological anomalies include at least one of the following:

[0032] Fractured rock mass; abrupt changes in strata; abrupt changes in groundwater level; voids; karst caves.

[0033] Specifically, the methods also include:

[0034] The preset quality of the radar detection signal is determined based on the surface parameters of the area to be constructed and the parameters of the tunnel.

[0035] Adjust the radar's detection time in the area to be constructed, and / or adjust the center frequency of the radar antenna, and / or adjust the radar antenna's transmission power, and / or adjust the number of superpositions of the radar's detection signals, so that the quality of the radar's detection signals meets the preset quality.

[0036] Specifically, the radar's detection parameters include:

[0037] Detection depth and resolution.

[0038] The second aspect provides an advanced geological prediction system for executing the advanced geological prediction method provided in the first aspect, including:

[0039] Tunneling equipment;

[0040] The installation locations of several radars are determined based on the radar measuring points; among them, several radar measuring points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment.

[0041] Radar is configured to detect geological anomalies located beneath the surface of the area to be excavated before the tunneling equipment performs tunneling operations.

[0042] The third aspect provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory; the memory stores instructions, which are loaded and executed by the processor to implement the advanced geological prediction method provided in the first aspect.

[0043] The fourth aspect provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program; when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the advanced geological prediction method provided in the first aspect.

[0044] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0045] This application provides a method and system for advanced geological prediction. The method includes: arranging several radar measuring points on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment; and using radar to detect whether there are geological anomalies beneath the surface of the area to be constructed before the tunneling equipment performs tunneling operations. This method, by placing the radar on the surface, solves the problem of difficulty in installing radar between the cutterhead and the working face of the tunneling equipment in traditional methods. This not only enables effective monitoring of adverse excavation conditions but also significantly reduces the impact of electromagnetic interference generated by underground tunneling equipment on radar signals, thus improving the accuracy of advanced geological prediction. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a general flowchart of the advanced geological prediction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a ground-penetrating radar detection method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the use of detection signals to detect geological anomalies, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional detection area formed by the projection of the three-dimensional detection range of the radar provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of some radar measuring points provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the method for determining the tunneling route provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram comparing soil moisture content before and after rainfall, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of the soil moisture content before rainfall. Figure 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of soil moisture content after rainfall;

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an anomalous water-bearing karst cave provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 9 This is a flowchart provided in an embodiment of the present application for adjusting relevant parameters and improving construction plans when geological anomalies are detected;

[0056] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0057] Some embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] As described in the background section, for construction using TBMs (Tunnel Boring Machines), the limited distance between the cutterhead and the tunnel face, coupled with the small area of ​​the tunnel face itself, makes it extremely difficult to deploy ground-penetrating radar or other sensors near the face. Furthermore, the large size of the TBM itself easily generates complex electromagnetic interference. These factors combined make it difficult to effectively implement traditional advanced geological prediction methods in TBM construction, resulting in less than ideal practical results.

[0059] To address one or more of the aforementioned problems, the core of this application is to provide an advanced geological prediction method and system to detect adverse excavation conditions and improve the accuracy of advanced geological prediction.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] An advanced geological prediction method, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0062] S10: According to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment, several radar measuring points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed for radar installation;

[0063] S20: Before the tunneling equipment performs tunneling operations, radar is used to detect whether there are any geological anomalies under the surface of the area to be constructed.

[0064] Based on the operational plan of the tunneling equipment, several radar measuring points were deployed on the surface. These points determined the installation location of the radar equipment, laying the foundation for advanced geological forecasting. Unlike installing radar between the tunnel face and the cutterhead of the tunneling equipment, this surface-mounted approach solves the traditional problem of difficulty in placing radar between the tunnel face and the cutterhead, enabling effective detection of geological anomalies. Furthermore, the surface-mounted radar directs the detection signal downwards, forming an oblique angle with the tunneling direction. This layout avoids the limited detection range caused by the parallel direction of the detection signal in traditional methods. Simultaneously, because the radar detects on the surface while the tunneling equipment is underground, the previously common problem of the equipment and radar being too close together is avoided. This effectively reduces electromagnetic interference from the tunneling equipment, ensuring signal clarity and improving the accuracy of advanced geological forecasting.

[0065] Through the above methods, this scheme significantly improves the accuracy of advanced geological forecasting, providing the construction team with reliable geological information to avoid the impact of geological disasters on construction safety.

[0066] In the optional embodiments of this application, the tunneling equipment is specifically a tunnel boring machine (TBM). The following considers various application scenarios for TBMs, including but not limited to: full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs), which are suitable for tunneling in rock strata of medium to thick burial depth and medium to high strength; soft strata tunnel boring machines (TBMs), which are suitable for tunneling in homogeneous soft strata with limited water pressure or below the groundwater level; and shaft boring machines, which are suitable for shaft excavation in underground engineering such as mining and transportation tunnels.

[0067] In a specific embodiment of this application, the radar includes: a ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Compared to other seismic reflection sensors, GPR can detect the type, approximate size, and distance of geological anomalies. Furthermore, GPR has strong environmental adaptability, simple detection modes, and is easy to move, making it suitable for large-scale screening. For example, as... Figure 2 As shown, the ground-penetrating radar includes a transmitter and a receiver. The ground-penetrating radar is deployed at a depth of 0m in the area to be constructed, i.e., on the ground surface. The TBM excavates at a preset depth below the ground surface along a preset excavation direction. The transmitter transmits detection signals from the ground surface to the underground. When the detection signal encounters a geological anomaly, it generates reflected electromagnetic waves. The receiver captures the reflected electromagnetic waves and transmits them to relevant equipment for analysis and conversion processing to obtain relevant information about the geological anomaly.

[0068] In some embodiments of this application, the effective detection range of the ground-penetrating radar is 25 to 30 meters.

[0069] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, radar is used to detect whether there are geological anomalies beneath the surface of the area to be constructed, including:

[0070] S200: Acquire detection signals emitted by radars at different installation locations;

[0071] S210: Project all detection signals onto the area to be detected below the surface to detect whether there are geological anomalies in the area to be detected.

[0072] Among them, such as Figure 4 As shown, the detection signal of each radar propagates in a ray-like pattern, forming a three-dimensional detection range. When this three-dimensional detection range is projected onto an object or plane, it forms a two-dimensional detection area, which can be called a "footprint." Because several radars are deployed on the Earth's surface, and these radars are arranged and combined to form a radar array, the detection signals from radars at different locations interweave and overlap with each other. All the detection signals together construct a larger three-dimensional detection range. Consequently, when this range is projected onto the area to be detected, the resulting two-dimensional detection area can cover a larger area, thus greatly expanding the detection range for geological anomalies.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The key factor in ensuring the smooth progress of tunnel excavation is the operation planning of the tunnel boring machine. Based on Example 1, Embodiment 2 of this application provides relevant factors to be considered when formulating the operation planning of the tunnel boring machine.

[0075] Specifically, the operation plan for tunneling equipment is formulated based on the following factors: tunneling route; tunneling direction; tunneling progress.

[0076] The tunneling route is the path that the tunnel boring machine follows when excavating underground, and it is predetermined based on the results of geological exploration and engineering design. The tunneling direction is the direction in which the tunnel boring machine travels during the excavation process, which depends on the design of the tunneling route. In addition, the tunneling direction determines the orientation of the tunnel boring machine's cutterhead and tunnel face. The tunneling progress is the construction progress of the tunnel boring machine along the tunneling route, such as the length of tunnel excavation at a certain time on a certain day, or the tunneling speed at a certain moment. The above three factors are closely related and work together to ensure the smooth progress of tunnel excavation.

[0077] Preferably, according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment, a number of radar measuring points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed, including: arranging some radar measuring points in front of the tunnel face along the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment, and the radar measuring points and the tunnel face maintaining at least a first preset distance; the construction project corresponding to the area to be constructed includes a tunnel; arranging some radar measuring points on both sides of the tunnel sidewall along the tunneling direction perpendicular to the tunneling equipment, and the radar measuring point on each side maintaining at least a second preset distance from the corresponding tunnel sidewall.

[0078] Among them, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, although deploying radar on the ground can significantly reduce electromagnetic interference from tunneling machines, in some cases, if the coverage area of ​​the detection signal is too close to the tunnel face, it may still be affected by the tunneling machine. Therefore, maintaining at least a first preset distance between the radar detecting geological anomalies in front of the tunnel face and the tunnel face improves the stability of the radar detection signal. Simultaneously, when the construction project is a tunnel, the relevant parameters of the tunnel are pre-defined, and the tunnel outline can be delineated based on these parameters to determine the tunnel sidewall outline. Since the location of geological anomalies is random, they are not limited to the direct route of the tunnel; they may also appear in areas outside the tunnel sidewall range. These geological anomalies in these areas can also affect tunnel excavation. Therefore, ensuring at least a second preset distance between the radar and the sidewall improves the radar's ability to detect these geological anomalies.

[0079] In an optional embodiment of this application, the first preset distance is 10 to 15 meters.

[0080] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the methods for determining the tunneling route include:

[0081] S1: Prepare a geological survey report based on the geological environment of the area to be constructed;

[0082] S2: Based on the geological survey report, identify risk areas in the area to be constructed that do not meet the preset conditions;

[0083] S3: Determine the types of geological anomalies expected to occur in the risk area based on the geological conditions of the risk area;

[0084] S4: Determine the risk level and impact range of the risk area based on the expected type of geological anomaly;

[0085] S5: Develop the tunneling route for the tunneling equipment in the area to be constructed, based on the risk level, the scope of impact, and the geological conditions of the area to be constructed.

[0086] Different construction environments may present varying risks from geological anomalies. For example, mountainous or bare-land environments often face challenges such as fractured rock masses, karst cavities, and abrupt geological shifts. In urban environments, complex pipelines and over-extraction of groundwater are major contributing factors to geological anomalies. Cities with earlier underground development have relatively complex underground pipelines, and unknown pipelines can impact tunneling. Excessive groundwater use can also lead to changes in groundwater levels, affecting soil distribution and potentially causing serious construction accidents. Therefore, detailed geological exploration is necessary to prepare a geological survey report. This report records the data and information obtained during the exploration process, providing a foundation for subsequent tunneling route planning. Risk areas that do not meet pre-set conditions refer to areas with overly complex geological conditions, such as fractured rock masses or high water pressure. After identifying the type of geological anomaly, a risk assessment considers its size and location to determine the risk level and impact range. This comprehensive consideration of geological conditions, risk level, and impact range then determines the tunneling route for the tunnel boring machine. This design aims to avoid high-risk areas and optimize the tunneling route.

[0087] In some embodiments of this application, RTK mapping is used to monitor the position and direction of the tunnel boring machine to ensure that the machine excavates the tunnel according to the predetermined route in subsequent projects.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, the radar's advanced geological forecasting and the tunneling work of the tunneling machine are carried out sequentially, with the former occurring 2 to 3 working days earlier than the latter.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] Based on Example 2, Example 3 of this application provides the relevant types of geological anomalies and the relevant measures to be taken when geological anomalies are detected during the exploration process to ensure the safety of the excavation project.

[0091] Specifically, geological anomalies include at least one of the following:

[0092] Fractured rock mass; abrupt changes in strata; abrupt changes in groundwater level; voids; karst caves.

[0093] Among them, fractured rock mass is a region of rock with cracks, faults and fractures caused by geological processes; abrupt changes in strata are sudden changes between strata of different rock types encountered by the tunneling machine during the tunneling process; abrupt changes in groundwater level refer to a sudden rise or fall in water level. If the water level rises suddenly, it may cause water inrush. If the water level falls suddenly, it may cause ground subsidence; voids are cavities that exist below the surface; and karst caves are caves formed by the erosion of rocks by water flow.

[0094] For example, such as Figure 7As shown, when radar detects a geological anomaly caused by a sudden change in groundwater level, the detection signal is severely interfered with by changes in soil moisture content after rainfall. The images show significant differences in waveforms before and after rainfall. Therefore, in actual field detection, the detection plan needs to be adjusted appropriately based on rainfall conditions. In urban areas, where most surfaces are impermeable and less affected by rainfall, sudden changes in moisture content may be due to pipe leaks or changes in groundwater level. In such cases, forecasting is necessary, and the detection plan should be adjusted according to the degree of the change in moisture content. (Reference) Figure 8 As indicated by the mark A, it is a typical water-bearing karst cave anomaly. The anomaly waveform features multiple reflections, with obvious reflections at its top interface. The diffraction wave shape is relatively regular, and the burial depth of its top surface reflection is about 18 meters.

[0095] Specifically, such as Figure 9 As shown, advanced geological prediction methods also include:

[0096] S30: If a geological anomaly is detected, analyze the type and scale of the geological anomaly, adjust the tunneling parameters of the tunneling equipment according to the type and scale of the geological anomaly, and / or, perform preset advance treatment measures on the geological anomaly and the geological area within the preset range around it according to the type and scale of the geological anomaly.

[0097] Specifically, the tunneling parameters include at least one of the following: cutterhead rotation speed; cutterhead torque; cutter hardness; feed rate; thrust; penetration depth;

[0098] Pre-planned advanced treatment measures include: advanced pipe roof grouting measures or advanced pilot tunnel measures.

[0099] Among these methods, advanced forecasting is employed to take effective pre-treatment measures and adjust tunneling plans for different geological anomalies, ensuring construction safety and efficiency. Ground-penetrating radar is used to detect geological conditions ahead of the tunneling site. If a geological anomaly is detected, its type and scale are analyzed, and the tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine are adjusted accordingly, including cutterhead speed, torque, cutter hardness, feed rate, thrust, and penetration depth, to adapt to the geological conditions. Simultaneously, depending on the type and scale of the geological anomaly, measures such as advanced pipe roof grouting or advanced pilot tunneling are implemented for the geological anomaly and its surrounding pre-defined area. If no geological anomaly is detected, tunneling operations are executed according to the tunneling machine's operational plan.

[0100] In some embodiments of this application, the main tunneling parameters include cutterhead rotation speed, cutterhead torque, cutter hardness, advance speed, thrust, and penetration depth. For different geological conditions, the cutterhead rotation speed and torque need to be adjusted appropriately. For example, in areas with poor geological conditions, reducing the cutterhead rotation speed and increasing the torque can reduce disturbance to unstable surrounding rock in geological anomalies. In areas with better geological conditions, increasing the cutterhead rotation speed and reducing the torque can improve tunneling efficiency and reduce cutterhead wear. Simultaneously, the tunneling speed and thrust of the tunneling machine need to be matched according to the integrity of the surrounding rock. For example, when facing hard rock formations, the cutterhead penetration depth needs to be carefully controlled to avoid cutter damage. When facing soft strata, close attention needs to be paid to the tunneling direction and posture of the tunneling machine to ensure construction safety.

[0101] In some embodiments of this application, when facing geological anomalies such as fractured rock masses, complex geological structures, weak structural surfaces, and tunnel water inflow, advanced pipe roof grouting is adopted as an advanced treatment measure. This technology involves driving steel pipes along the pre-designed contour line of the tunnel at certain intervals and external angles towards the tunnel face, and grouting is performed in conjunction with the geological conditions to form an advanced support barrier. The driven steel pipes, combined with the steel arch frame inside the tunnel, provide the surrounding rock with a rigid structure with longitudinal and transverse properties to share the load generated by the surrounding rock during excavation, reducing the impact of the deformation risk of the surrounding rock on construction safety. Advanced pipe roof grouting can not only reinforce loose rock masses, but also effectively block groundwater flow. Through advanced drilling technology, a specially formulated reinforcing grout is injected into the rock fissures. After consolidation, the grout can cement the fractured rock, reduce the degree of fracture of the surrounding rock, and enhance its impermeability, thereby establishing a circumferential reinforcement layer in front of the tunnel face, providing a stable geological environment for tunnel construction. Furthermore, for shallow-buried tunnels in urban environments, pre-grouting can be implemented through vertical or inclined drilling on the ground, providing greater flexibility and safety during construction. Selecting appropriate grouting techniques, materials, and their proportions, and adjusting them according to specific site geological conditions, can achieve optimal grouting results. This comprehensive geological pretreatment approach significantly improves the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction, ensuring the smooth progress of the project. In addition, for shallow-buried tunnels in urban environments, pre-grouting can be implemented through vertical or inclined drilling on the ground. Selecting an appropriate pre-grouting technique based on the geological conditions of the construction site can significantly improve the safety and efficiency of tunnel excavation, ensuring the smooth progress of the project.

[0102] In some embodiments of this application, when facing situations with poor surrounding rock integrity, a pilot tunnel is used as an advance treatment measure. This technology involves manually excavating all or part of the tunnel's cross-section before the tunnel boring machine (TBM) officially begins excavation. Subsequently, the TBM directly passes through the excavated area or continues excavating the remaining cross-section. This not only strengthens the support of the tunnel's surrounding rock but also provides space for horizontal geological forecasting. The pilot tunnel effectively releases some of the ground stress in high-stress soft rock strata or rockburst sections, controls the deformation of the surrounding rock, reduces the load on the TBM shield and tunnel support structure, achieves unloading, and ensures construction safety. The design of the pilot tunnel and the selection of support parameters must be carefully considered to adapt to specific geological conditions and engineering requirements.

[0103] In some embodiments of this application, when the advanced geological prediction results indicate that the scale of the fault fracture zone in front of the tunnel face is relatively small, the tunneling parameters of the tunnel boring machine are adjusted to ensure safe passage. For example, the cutterhead speed is reduced and a suitable tunneling speed is maintained, while the changes in rock debris are monitored, and the thrust and penetration of the cutterhead are adjusted according to these changes to minimize disturbance to the surrounding rock. During the tunneling process, machine stops should be avoided as much as possible to prevent jamming. After the tunnel boring machine successfully passes through the fault fracture zone, initial support is carried out using methods such as shotcrete and anchor bolt mesh. When the advanced geological prediction indicates a relatively large fault fracture zone ahead of the tunnel face, there is a risk of tunnel collapse or the tunnel boring machine (TBM) getting stuck. Tunneling should be stopped, and methods such as advanced pipe roof grouting and support should be used to strengthen the integrity and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock. Then, tunneling should proceed through the fault fracture zone at a slower pace. In this situation, if there is a large accumulation of water and sediment, which could easily trigger a large-scale water and mud inrush disaster, drainage and grouting should be carried out through advanced drilling. Excavation should only resume after safety is ensured, and drainage and sealing should be carried out immediately after tunneling. When the advanced geological prediction indicates an excessively large fault fracture zone ahead of the tunnel face, and conventional measures such as adjusting tunneling parameters cannot guarantee the smooth passage of the TBM, an advanced pilot tunnel method can be used. The fractured section of the surrounding rock is manually excavated and reinforced, and then the TBM is used to pass through.

[0104] In some embodiments of this application, when the advanced geological prediction results indicate that the karst cave ahead of the tunnel face is small and without filling material, since this situation has little impact on the tunneling machine's progress, no advanced support is required, and the tunneling machine is allowed to tunnel directly through. When the advanced geological prediction results indicate that the karst cave is located below the tunnel, the tunneling machine's progress is stopped. If there is filling material inside the karst cave, advanced grouting is used to increase its stability, and then the tunneling machine is controlled to continue tunneling. If there is no filling material inside the karst cave, suitable materials are used to fill it, and advanced grouting support is performed arbitrarily. After the grout solidifies, the tunneling machine is controlled to tunnel forward. If the advanced geological forecast indicates that a karst cave is located above the tunnel, the tunneling machine should be stopped. If the karst cave contains filling material, pre-grouting should be carried out to prevent collapse. After the tunneling machine passes through the support structure, further support measures such as shotcrete and high-pressure grouting should be used to ensure safety. If the karst cave does not contain filling material, advanced pipe roof grouting should be used for support. After the tunneling machine passes through, filling and anchor bolt grouting should be carried out. If the advanced geological forecast indicates that the karst cave is filled with a large amount of water and silt, posing a risk of water and mud inrush, the tunneling machine should be stopped. Pre-drilling should be used for drainage, and advanced pipe roof grouting should be carried out according to the development of the karst cave. Appropriate tunneling parameters should be selected to control the tunneling machine's forward tunneling.

[0105] In some embodiments of this application, when the results of advanced geological forecasting show that the structure of the soft and hard composite strata is relatively simple and the development scale is small, the tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine are adjusted to deal with the problem of uneven force on the cutterhead when breaking the rock. Therefore, the cutterhead thrust is mainly adjusted, and the tunneling speed and other tunneling parameters are adjusted according to the changes in lithology. It should be noted that when the cutterhead thrust and torque of the tunneling machine change significantly during tunneling, the tunneling speed or cutterhead rotation speed should be appropriately reduced. When advanced geological forecasts indicate a complex structure of soft and hard strata with a large scale of weak strata, the tunneling machine should be suspended. Pre-grouting and other measures should be used to reinforce the surrounding rock before proceeding with tunneling. During tunneling, the tunneling machine's attitude should be strictly controlled. If the attitude deviates or sinks, the tunneling machine should be stopped immediately and retreated to a safe area. After taking appropriate measures to restore the tunneling machine to normal operation, it should continue tunneling. After the tunneling machine passes through the complex strata, steel arches, anchor bolts, and shotcrete should be used to strengthen the support and control the deformation of the rock sections within the complex strata.

[0106] Specifically, such as Figure 9 As shown, the method also includes:

[0107] S40: If no geological anomalies are detected, the tunneling equipment will be controlled to perform tunneling operations according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment.

[0108] Example 4

[0109] Based on Example 3, Example 4 of this application provides relevant factors affecting radar detection performance.

[0110] Specifically, advanced geological prediction methods also include:

[0111] The required preset quality of the radar detection signal is determined based on the surface parameters of the area to be constructed and the parameters of the tunnel.

[0112] Adjust the radar's detection time in the area to be constructed, and / or adjust the center frequency of the radar antenna, and / or adjust the radar antenna's transmission power, and / or adjust the number of superpositions of the radar's detection signals, so that the quality of the radar's detection signals meets the preset quality.

[0113] The center frequency of the antenna affects both detection depth and resolution. As the center frequency decreases, the detection depth increases but the resolution decreases. Therefore, a suitable center frequency must be selected based on the tunnel depth. While meeting the detection depth requirements, higher frequency antennas should be chosen whenever possible to achieve higher resolution. This parameter can be adjusted on a single radar unit according to site conditions. Increasing the antenna's transmission power can also improve the radar's detection depth and enhance the quality of the detection signal. This parameter is determined by the radar's hardware, so equipment needs to be selected in advance based on the project requirements. The number of signal superpositions can also increase the radar's detection depth and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. This parameter is determined by the radar's software algorithm, so equipment needs to be selected in advance based on the project requirements.

[0114] Meanwhile, environmental factors such as the moisture content of the soil and the age of the concrete on the road surface can also affect the quality of radar detection signals. High moisture content in the topsoil can greatly hinder the propagation of radar detection signals, so in order to improve the detection quality of radar, detection should be avoided after heavy rainfall. For concrete roads, wet concrete can hinder the propagation of radar detection signals, so detection should be carried out after the concrete has dried relatively.

[0115] Specifically, radar detection parameters include detection depth and resolution.

[0116] Among them, detection depth refers to the maximum depth at which the radar's detection signal can penetrate the ground and return a recognizable signal. This parameter is affected by the radar's frequency, transmission power, and geological conditions (such as soil type, rock type, and water content). Resolution refers to the minimum distance at which the radar can distinguish adjacent underground targets, which limits the size and type of geological anomalies that can be distinguished. This parameter is affected by factors such as the radar's frequency, antenna type, and signal processing technology.

[0117] Example 5

[0118] Embodiment 5 of this application provides an advanced geological prediction system, including: a tunneling machine; a plurality of radars, the installation positions of which are determined according to radar measuring points; wherein, the plurality of radar measuring points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling machine; the radars are configured to detect whether there are geological anomalies under the surface of the area to be constructed by using their own detection signals before the tunneling machine performs tunneling operations.

[0119] The effects of the technical solutions provided in this system embodiment are similar to those of the technical solutions provided in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0120] Example 6

[0121] Embodiment 6 of this application provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor; the memory stores a computer program that can run on the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it executes the advanced geological prediction method provided in Embodiments 1 to 4 above.

[0122] Among them, such as Figure 10 As shown, an electronic device of this embodiment is illustrated, which may specifically include a processor 1510, a video display adapter 1511, a disk drive 1512, an input / output interface 1513, a network interface 1514, and a memory 1520. The processor 1510, video display adapter 1511, disk drive 1512, input / output interface 1513, network interface 1514, and memory 1520 can be communicatively connected via a communication bus 1530.

[0123] The processor 1510 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solution provided in this application.

[0124] The memory 1520 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1520 can store the operating system 1521 for controlling the operation of the computer device, and the basic input / output system 1522 for controlling the low-level operations of the computer device. Additionally, it can store a web browser 1523, a data storage management system 1524, and a device identification information processing system 1525, etc. The aforementioned device identification information processing system 1525 can be the application program that specifically implements the aforementioned steps in this embodiment. In summary, when implementing the technical solution provided in this application through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1520 and is called and executed by the processor 1510.

[0125] Input / output interface 1513 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. Input / output modules can be configured as components in the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touch screens, microphones, various sensors, etc., and output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0126] Network interface 1514 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0127] The communication bus 1530 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1510, video display adapter 1511, disk drive 1512, input / output interface 1513, network interface 1514, and memory 1520.

[0128] In addition, the device can also obtain information on specific claim conditions from the virtual resource object claim condition information database for condition judgment, and so on.

[0129] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1510, video display adapter 1511, disk drive 1512, input / output interface 1513, network interface 1514, memory 1520, communication bus 1530, etc., in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the solution of this application, and does not necessarily include all the components shown in the figures.

[0130] Example 7

[0131] Embodiment 7 of this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed, implements the advanced geological prediction method provided in Embodiments 1 to 4 above.

[0132] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0133] The technical solutions provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for advanced geological prediction, characterized in that, include: According to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment, several radar measuring points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed for radar installation, including: Some of the radar measuring points are arranged in front of the tunnel face along the tunneling direction of the tunneling equipment, and the radar measuring points and the tunnel face maintain at least a first preset distance; The construction project corresponding to the area to be constructed includes a tunnel; some of the radar measuring points are arranged on both sides of the tunnel sidewall along the tunneling direction perpendicular to the tunneling equipment, and the radar measuring point on each side and the corresponding sidewall of the tunnel maintain at least a second preset distance; Before the tunneling equipment performs tunneling operations, the radar is used to detect whether there are any geological anomalies beneath the surface of the area to be constructed, including: Acquire detection signals emitted by the radar at different installation locations; All the detection signals are projected onto the area to be detected below the ground surface to detect whether there are geological anomalies in the area to be detected. A number of radars are arranged and combined to form a radar array. The detection signals of the radars at different locations are intertwined and covered to construct a three-dimensional detection range. The three-dimensional detection range forms a two-dimensional detection area when projected onto an object or plane. The operation plan for the tunneling equipment is formulated based on the following factors: Tunneling route; tunneling direction; tunneling progress; The method for determining the tunneling route includes: A geological survey report shall be prepared based on the geological environment of the area to be constructed. Based on the geological survey report, risk areas that do not meet the preset conditions are selected from the area to be constructed. The type of geological anomaly expected to occur in the risk area is determined based on the geological conditions of the risk area; The risk level and impact range of the risk area are determined based on the type of the expected geological anomaly. The tunneling route of the tunneling equipment in the area to be constructed is determined based on the risk level, the scope of influence, and the geological conditions of the area to be constructed. The method further includes: If the geological anomaly is detected, the type and size of the geological anomaly are analyzed, and the tunneling parameters of the tunneling equipment are adjusted according to the type and size of the geological anomaly. The tunneling parameters include at least one of the following: cutterhead rotation speed; cutterhead torque; propulsion speed; thrust. And / or, Based on the type and scale of the geological anomaly, pre-planned advanced treatment measures are implemented for the geological anomaly and the surrounding pre-planned area. The pre-planned advanced treatment measures include: advanced pipe roof grouting measures or advanced pilot tunnel measures. The method further includes: The preset quality of the radar detection signal is determined based on the surface parameters of the area to be constructed and the parameters of the tunnel. Adjust the detection time of the radar in the area to be constructed, and / or adjust the center frequency of the radar antenna, and / or adjust the transmission power of the radar antenna, and / or adjust the number of superpositions of the radar detection signals, so that the quality of the radar detection signals meets the preset quality. The radar's detection parameters include: detection depth and resolution.

2. The advanced geological prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tunneling parameters also include at least one of the following: Tool hardness; penetration depth.

3. The advanced geological prediction method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The geological anomaly includes at least one of the following: Fractured rock mass; abrupt changes in strata; abrupt changes in groundwater level; voids; karst caves.

4. An advanced geological prediction system, used to execute the advanced geological prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, include: Tunneling equipment; The installation locations of several radars are determined based on radar measuring points; wherein, the several radar measuring points are arranged on the surface of the area to be constructed according to the operation plan of the tunneling equipment. The radar is configured to detect whether there are geological anomalies beneath the surface of the area to be constructed before the tunneling equipment performs tunneling operations.

Images