A furrower and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a furrow opener and a use method thereof, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. The furrow opener comprises a frame body and a plurality of furrow openers fixed on the frame body. Symmetrical conveying units are arranged on the two sides of the furrow openers. The conveying unit comprises a shell, a spiral blade arranged in the shell and a spiral shaft. A shovel is arranged at the front end of the shell, and a soil covering pipe is arranged at the rear end of the shell. A transmission box is arranged on the frame body. The frame body is connected with a power chassis and arranged at the rear end of the power chassis in the running direction. The transmission box is in driving connection with a power source of the power chassis. The furrow opener is provided. The two sides of the soil after being furrowed by the furrow openers are quantitatively and accurately conveyed through the spiral blade, so that the soil uniformly covers the seeds, the survival rate of the seeds is ensured, and the quality of the agricultural fine operation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery auxiliary devices, and in particular to a trencher and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] In modern agricultural production, furrow sowing technology is one of the key steps in crop cultivation. Traditional seeders are usually equipped with furrow openers, which mechanically create furrows in the soil, sow seeds into the furrows, and then use a covering wheel to backfill the soil to cover the seeds. Currently, the widely used covering wheels have a simple structure and mainly use rotation or dragging to directly backfill the furrows with the topsoil. This extensive soil covering method has the following technical bottlenecks:

[0003] 1. The thickness of the soil covering is difficult to control precisely. Too much soil covering can hinder seed germination, while too little soil covering can expose the seeds and cause them to lose moisture.

[0004] 2. The soil was not screened during the covering process. Large stones, compacted soil clods and other impurities in the original soil were directly covered on the seed surface, which not only affected the tightness of the contact between the seed and the soil, but also hindered the seedlings from breaking through the soil and growing, and seriously reduced the germination rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a trenching machine and its usage method. Through the synergistic action of a screw conveyor and a screening component, fine particles in the trenched soil are screened and then backfilled onto the seed surface, solving the technical problems of coarse soil particles and uneven covering thickness in traditional covering devices.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a trenching machine, comprising a frame and a plurality of trenchers fixed on the frame;

[0007] The trencher is symmetrically equipped with conveying units on both sides for conveying soil during trenching;

[0008] The conveying unit includes a housing, spiral blades disposed inside the housing, and a spiral shaft for driving the spiral blades to rotate. A bucket is provided at the front end of the housing and a soil covering pipe is provided at the rear end.

[0009] The frame is equipped with a transmission box that is connected to the screw shaft drive.

[0010] The frame is connected to the power chassis and is located at the rear end of the power chassis in the direction of travel. The transmission box is connected to the power source of the power chassis.

[0011] When the power chassis moves, it drives the spiral blades to rotate through the transmission box, so as to evenly transport the soil shoveled into the bucket to the soil covering pipe for covering the sown ditch.

[0012] In the above scheme, preferably, the transmission box is a three-way transmission box, including an input shaft and an output shaft;

[0013] The output shaft is connected to the helical shaft for transmission.

[0014] In the above scheme, preferably, the input shafts of the adjacent transmission boxes are connected by a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is connected to the power source for transmission.

[0015] In the above scheme, preferably, a seeding tube is included, and the furrow opener is provided with a furrowing section and a seeding section, wherein the seeding section is connected to the seeding tube;

[0016] The trenching section is connected to the bucket on both sides.

[0017] In the above scheme, preferably, the soil covering pipe is rotatably mounted on the shell, and the shell is provided with a through groove that communicates with the soil covering pipe.

[0018] In the above scheme, preferably, one end of the spiral blade is placed inside the bucket, and the other end cooperates with the shearing blade inside the shell. An extrusion plate that cooperates with the shearing blade is slidably provided on the spiral shaft, and the extrusion plate is provided with a plurality of extrusion holes.

[0019] In the above scheme, preferably, the extrusion plate is placed in the through groove and guided to slide on the spiral shaft, and an extrusion spring is provided between the extrusion plate and the spiral shaft.

[0020] In the above scheme, preferably, the shell is provided with a rotating sleeve that cooperates with the through groove. One side of the rotating sleeve is connected to the soil covering pipe, and the other side is provided with a discharge pipe. The soil covering pipe and the discharge pipe are arranged coaxially.

[0021] In the above scheme, preferably, the soil covering pipe is provided with a pull rope to drive its rotating sleeve to rotate, the shell is provided with a drive wheel connected to the pull rope, the drive wheel is connected to a screw that is threaded into the shell, and the extrusion plate is provided with a sliding sleeve that cooperates with the screw.

[0022] A return spring is provided between the screw and the housing.

[0023] In the above scheme, a preferred method for using a trenching machine is as follows:

[0024] S1: The power chassis drives the frame forward, and the furrow opener's furrowing part contacts the soil to create furrows, forming channels for seeds to fall into.

[0025] S2: After furrowing, the seeds fall into the furrow through the seed discharge pipe and the sowing section, and the soil on both sides of the furrow enters the bucket.

[0026] S3: The soil in the bucket is quantitatively transported to the end away from the direction of travel of the power chassis through the spiral blades. The soil then enters the covering pipe and falls into the furrow after sowing to cover the seeds.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention provides a ditching machine, which uses spiral blades to quantitatively and accurately transport the soil on both sides of the ditch after it is opened by the ditcher, thereby achieving uniform soil coverage of seeds, ensuring seed survival rate and improving the quality of precision agricultural operations.

[0028] Meanwhile, through the transmission arrangement of the transmission box, synchronization between the conveying units of each trencher is achieved;

[0029] In addition, shearing blades and extrusion plates are installed inside the shell to screen the soil during transportation, thereby improving the uniformity of particles when the soil is covered. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the trencher and conveying unit of the present invention in combination.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the conveying unit of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is an exploded perspective view of the conveying unit of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the shear blade of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the shear blade and the shell of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: See also Figures 1-7 .

[0038] A ditching machine includes a frame 1 and a plurality of ditching devices 2 fixed on the frame 1. The frame 1 is symmetrically provided with walking wheels on both sides. The front end of the frame 1 is fixedly connected to a walking chassis. The entire frame 1 moves forward by moving the walking chassis to achieve ditching. The power chassis can be a walking component of agricultural machinery such as a tractor or transplanter, and is not further limited here.

[0039] The furrow opener 2 includes a furrowing section 201 and a sowing section 202. The furrow opener 2 is boot-shaped, with its furrowing section 201 tapering towards the walking chassis. During the movement of the frame 1, after the furrow opener 2 contacts the soil, it forms furrows through the tapered protrusion at the front end. The soil during furrowing separates to both sides of the furrow opener 2 and accumulates on the soil surface on both sides of the furrow. The sowing section 202 is located at the rear end of the furrow opener 2. Figure 3 As shown, it is a hollow area that runs vertically through the entire structure, and this area connects to the bottom of the trench opened by the trencher 2.

[0040] The frame 1 is equipped with a seeder, which is a wheel seeder. The lower end of the seeder is connected to a seed tube 101, and the upper end is connected to a seed box. After the seeding wheel rotates, the seeder carries the seeds in the seed box into the receiving groove of the seeding wheel, and after the seeding wheel rolls, the seeds are discharged from the seed tube 101. The upper end of the seed tube 101 is connected to the seeder, and the lower end is placed in the seeding section 202, so that the seeds dispensing by the seeder are dispensed into the opened ditch through the seeding section 202.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the furrow opener 2 has symmetrically arranged conveying units 3 extending rearward in the direction of travel on both sides. The conveying units 3 convey the soil on both sides during furrowing and evenly cover the inserted seeds. Specifically, the conveying unit 3 includes a housing 301, a spiral blade 302 disposed in the housing 301, and a spiral shaft 303 for driving the spiral blade 302 to rotate. A bucket 304 is fixedly provided at the front end of the housing 301. The side of the bucket 304 near the furrowing part 201 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the furrowing part 201 and is seamlessly treated. The front end and top of the bucket 304 are open to facilitate the entry of soil during furrowing. The front end of the spiral blade 302 is placed inside the bucket 304 to facilitate the conveying of the soil.

[0042] The rear end of the shell 301 is provided with a soil covering pipe 305. The opening of the soil covering pipe 305 extends downward at an angle towards the opened ditch, so that the soil transported by the spiral blades 302 covers the seeds in the ditch through the soil covering pipe 305, i.e. Figure 2 As shown; the middle part of the housing 301 is fixed to the frame 1 by a bracket. The front part of the spiral shaft 303 is fixedly connected to the center of the spiral blade 302 to form an auger conveying state and is rotatably located inside the housing 301. The rear end passes through the wall of the housing 301 and is placed outside the housing 301. The spiral shaft 303 drives the spiral blade 302 to rotate and transport the soil falling into the bucket 304 to the rear end. In this embodiment, the rotation direction of the spiral blade can be adaptively adjusted according to the rotation direction of the drive shaft. It is only necessary to ensure that the spiral blade 302 transports the soil to the rear. This is the prior art of those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] The frame 1 is equipped with a transmission box 4 that is connected to the spiral shaft 303 for transmission, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the transmission box 4 is a three-way transmission box, which includes an input shaft 401 and an output shaft 402. The input shaft 401 is arranged horizontally through the transmission box 4 and is provided with a bevel gear. The output shaft 402 is provided with a transmission gear that meshes with the bevel gear. The input shaft 401 can transmit power to the output shaft 402 through the shaft ends at both ends to realize the driving function of the output shaft 402. The output shaft 402 is connected to the helical shaft 303 for transmission, preferably by means of a synchronous belt pulley, and the transmission ratio is adaptively adjusted by the diameter ratio of the synchronous belt pulley.

[0044] The input shaft 401 on the transmission box 4 is connected to the power source of the power chassis through a transmission mechanism. Specifically, the input shafts 401 between adjacent transmission boxes 4 are connected through connecting pipes 403, so that each transmission box 4 can achieve synchronous transmission. A first transmission wheel is provided on any connecting pipe 403, and a transmission shaft is provided on the seeding wheel of the seeder. A second transmission wheel is provided on the transmission shaft. The first transmission wheel and the second transmission wheel are connected by a belt or chain, so that the seeder transmits the power of the seeding wheel rotation to the connecting pipe 403, and further to the output shaft 402 of the transmission box 4.

[0045] The drive shaft of the seeding wheel is connected to the power source of the power chassis. Preferably, the power source is a fuel engine, and the shaft end of the engine is connected to the drive shaft of the seeding wheel through a gearbox. This is a conventional setup for those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0046] The soil covering pipe 305 is rotatably mounted on the housing 301, specifically, as shown in... Figure 7 As shown, a semi-circular through groove 306 is provided at the bottom of the end of the housing 301 away from the bucket 304. A rotating sleeve 5 is provided on the housing 301 to rotatably engage with the through groove 306. Figures 3-5 As shown, the rotating sleeve 5 has a soil covering pipe 305 that penetrates the sleeve wall on one side and a discharge pipe 501 that penetrates the sleeve wall on the other side. The soil covering pipe 305 and the discharge pipe 501 are coaxially arranged, and the rotating sleeve 5 is rotatably sleeved at the through groove 306 of the shell 301, so that the soil covering pipe 305 or the discharge pipe 501 on the rotating sleeve 5 can be connected to the through groove 306 after rotation.

[0047] During the initial covering, the rotating sleeve 5 rotates to tilt the covering pipe 305 so that its opening faces the ditch. At this time, the spiral blades 302 transport the soil to the through groove 306, and the soil is covered through the covering pipe 305. When the soil in the pipe needs to be discharged, the rotating sleeve 5 rotates in the opposite direction, so that the discharge pipe 501 tilts downward and discharges the soil away from the ditch. At this time, the spiral blades 302 transport the soil to the through groove 306, and the soil is discharged through the discharge pipe 501.

[0048] To filter out lumpy soil or granular stones from the soil discharged by the cover pipe 305, in this embodiment, shearing blades 307 are provided inside the shell 301. Several shearing blades 307 are evenly arranged around the circumference of the shell 301, and the shearing blades 307 are located on the end face of the through groove 306 near the bucket 304. Figure 7 As shown, one end of the spiral shaft 303 is fixedly connected to the spiral blade 302, and the other end is rotatably disposed at the center of the circumference of the shear blade 307. A pressing plate 308 that cooperates with the shear blade 307 is slidably disposed on the spiral shaft 303. The pressing plate 308 is movably disposed in the through groove 306, that is, disposed on the side of the shear blade 307 away from the bucket 304.

[0049] The extrusion plate 308 is provided with a plurality of extrusion holes 309, such as Figure 4 As shown, a sliding sleeve 311 is fixedly provided on the left end face of the extrusion plate 308. Specifically, a guide section is provided on the spiral shaft 303, and a guide hole adapted to the shape of the guide section is provided on the extrusion plate 308. A compression spring 310 is provided between the extrusion plate 308 and the spiral shaft 303. The two ends of the compression spring 310 respectively abut against the left end face of the guide section of the spiral shaft 303 and the right inner end face of the sliding sleeve 311 of the extrusion plate 308.

[0050] When the spiral blades 302 transport soil, the soil comes into contact with the extrusion plate 308 after passing through the shearing blades 307. Ordinary lumpy soil is crushed by the elasticity of the extrusion plate 308 and enters the through groove 306 through the extrusion hole 309, and is discharged with the covering pipe 305, so that the particles spread by the covering pipe 305 are uniform in size and suitable for seed growth.

[0051] To ensure that the extrusion plate 308 discharges hard blocks or large stones through the discharge pipe 501 to the outside of the ditch, the rotating sleeve 5 needs to rotate in a timely manner to tilt the discharge pipe 501 downwards. In this embodiment, a pull rope 6 is provided to drive the rotating sleeve 5 to rotate. Specifically, a drive wheel 7 connected to the pull rope 6 is rotatably provided on the end face of the housing 301 away from the bucket 304. One end of the pull rope 6 is fixed to the upper wall of the soil covering pipe 305 on the rotating sleeve 5, and the other end is guided through the guide hole on the frame 1 and then wound around the drive wheel 7. The drive wheel 7 is located outside the housing 301, and a screw 701 is fixed on its end face near the housing 301. The wall of the housing 301 is provided with a threaded hole that is threaded to the screw 701. The above-mentioned engagement can be a screw and nut engagement.

[0052] The screw 701 is integrally formed with the drive wheel 7, and a through hole is provided in its center for the spiral shaft 303 to pass through; after the screw 701 is threaded through the housing 301, it abuts against the sliding sleeve 311 inside the housing 301, and a return spring 702 is provided between the end of the screw 701 placed inside the housing 301 and the inner wall of the housing 301. When the sliding sleeve 311 moves along the... Figure 4 As shown, after sliding to the left, it abuts against the screw 701. The screw 701 rotates with the help of the threaded hole, thereby driving the drive wheel 7 to rotate, causing the pull rope 6 to wind further. At this time, the pull rope 6 pulls the soil covering pipe 305 upward, thereby realizing the rotation of the rotating sleeve 5.

[0053] In this embodiment, the shear blade 307 is an inclined blade, such as... Figure 6 As shown, its tilt direction is from the end near the extrusion plate 308 to the end away from the extrusion plate 308 along the side opposite to the rotation direction of the extrusion plate 308. In use, the spiral blade 302 transports the soil to the shearing blade 307 and through the extrusion hole 309 of the extrusion plate 308, the small soil particles are covered into the furrow after sowing through the covering pipe 305 to cover the seeds. Hard soil clods and large stones are left to pile up at the extrusion plate 309. When a certain amount is piled up, the extrusion plate 309 slides relative to the spiral shaft 303 and pushes against the screw 701 to make it spiral slide, thereby causing the drive wheel 7 to rotate and retract the pull rope 6. The pull rope 6 pulls the rotating sleeve 5 to rotate, so that the discharge pipe 501 tilts downward. At this time, there is a certain gap between the end face of the extrusion plate 308 and the end face of the through groove 306 near the shearing blade 307. Hard soil clods and stones slide into the discharge pipe 501 through the gap for discharge, so as to prevent large particles from blocking the internal channel of the shell 301.

[0054] In this embodiment, a detection switch or alarm is set to cooperate with the rotating sleeve 5. When the rotating sleeve 5 rotates and needs to discharge material through the discharge pipe 501, the detection switch or alarm is triggered to warn the operator. At this time, the operator can appropriately reduce or stop the walking speed of the power chassis to prevent the seeds in the ditch from being covered with too little soil or not covered at all. The detection switch or alarm can be further designed according to the specific structural layout. This layout method is a conventional technical means for those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0055] A method for using a trencher is as follows:

[0056] S1: The power chassis drives the frame 1 forward, and the furrow opener 2's furrowing part 201 contacts the soil to create furrows, forming a channel for the seeds to fall into.

[0057] S2: After furrowing, the seeds fall into the furrow through the seed discharge pipe 101 and the sowing part 202, and the soil on both sides of the furrowing part 201 enters the bucket 304.

[0058] S3: The soil in the bucket 304 is quantitatively transported away from the direction of travel of the power chassis by the spiral blades 302. The soil is then squeezed into small particles by the extrusion plate 308 in the shell 301 and enters the through groove 306. Then, the through groove 306 passes through the covering pipe 305 and falls into the sowing ditch through the inclined guide of the covering pipe 305 to evenly cover the seeds.

[0059] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A trenching machine, characterized in that: Includes a frame (1) and several trenchers (2) fixed on the frame (1); The trencher (2) is symmetrically provided with conveying units (3) on both sides for conveying soil during trenching. The conveying unit (3) includes a housing (301), a spiral blade (302) disposed in the housing (301), and a spiral shaft (303) for driving the spiral blade (302) to rotate. The housing (301) has a bucket (304) at the front end and a soil covering pipe (305) at the rear end. The frame (1) is provided with a transmission box (4) that is connected to the spiral shaft (303). The frame (1) is connected to the power chassis and is located at the rear end of the power chassis in the direction of travel. The transmission box (4) is connected to the power source of the power chassis. When the power chassis is moving, it drives the spiral blades (302) to rotate through the transmission box (4) so ​​as to evenly transport the soil shoveled by the bucket (304) to the soil covering pipe (305) to cover the sown ditch with soil. The soil covering pipe (305) is rotatably mounted on the shell (301), and the shell (301) is provided with a through groove (306) that communicates with the soil covering pipe (305). One end of the spiral blade (302) is placed inside the bucket (304), and the other end is engaged with the shearing blade (307) inside the housing (301). The spiral shaft (303) is slidably provided with an extrusion plate (308) that engages with the shearing blade (307). The extrusion plate (308) is provided with a plurality of extrusion holes (309). The extrusion plate (308) is placed in the through groove (306) and is guided and slidably disposed on the spiral shaft (303); The housing (301) is provided with a rotating sleeve (5) that cooperates with the through groove (306). One side of the rotating sleeve (5) is connected to the soil covering pipe (305), and the other side is provided with a discharge pipe (501). The soil covering pipe (305) and the discharge pipe (501) are coaxially arranged. The soil covering pipe (305) is provided with a pull rope (6) to drive its rotating sleeve (5) to rotate. The housing (301) is provided with a drive wheel (7) connected to the pull rope (6). The drive wheel (7) is connected to a screw (701) that is threadedly engaged with the housing (301). The extrusion plate (308) is provided with a sliding sleeve (311) that engages with the screw (701). The shear blade (307) is an inclined blade, and its inclination direction is from one end near the extrusion plate (308) to the other end away from the extrusion plate (308) along the side opposite to the rotation direction of the extrusion plate (308).

2. The trenching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission box (4) is a three-way transmission box, including an input shaft (401) and an output shaft (402). The output shaft (402) is connected to the screw shaft (303) for transmission.

3. A trenching machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The input shafts (401) of the adjacent transmission boxes (4) are connected by a connecting pipe (403), and the connecting pipe (403) is connected to the power source transmission.

4. A trenching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes a seeding tube (101), and the furrow opener (2) is provided with a furrowing part (201) and a seeding part (202), the seeding part (202) being connected to the seeding tube (101); The trenching section (201) is connected to the bucket (304) on both sides.

5. A trenching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A compression spring (310) is provided between the compression plate (308) and the spiral shaft (303).

6. A trenching machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A return spring (702) is provided between the screw (701) and the housing (301).

7. The method of using a trenching machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Its usage method is as follows: S1: The power chassis drives the frame (1) forward, and the furrow opener (2) makes contact with the soil to form a furrow for the seeds to fall into. S2: After furrowing, the seeds fall into the furrow through the sowing tube (101) and the sowing part (202), and the soil on both sides of the furrowing part (201) enters the bucket (304); S3: The soil in the bucket (304) is quantitatively transported away from the direction of travel of the power chassis by the spiral blades (302). The soil then enters the covering pipe (305) and falls into the sowing ditch to cover the seeds.

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