Mushroom residue fermentation composite culture medium for vegetable seedling culture

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetable seedling culture mushroom residue fermentation composite culture substrate, and relates to the technical field of seedling culture substrates. The volume ratio of the mushroom residue fermentation product to the perlite to the coco coir to the turf in the composite culture medium is 20: 20: 25: 35. The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, organic matters and other nutrients in the mushroom residue fermentation material is very high, nutrients needed by plant growth can be met, the mushroom residues are low in cost and free of pollution, the green agricultural production requirement is met, and the mushroom residue fermentation material is suitable for application and popularization in greenhouse vegetable substrate seedling culture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seedling-raising substrates, and more specifically to a vegetable seedling-raising mushroom residue fermentation composite cultivation substrate. Background Art

[0002] Vegetable seedling raising is an important link in vegetable production. High-quality seedling-raising substrates are crucial for cultivating strong seedlings and improving the yield and quality of vegetables. Traditional seedling-raising substrates such as peat soil, although having good water retention and air permeability, have limited peat resources, and over-exploitation will cause damage to the ecological environment.

[0003] Mushroom residue is the waste after edible mushroom cultivation, rich in a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements. However, untreated mushroom residue contains harmful substances such as pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs, and its physical properties are not good. Directly using it as a seedling-raising substrate will affect the growth and development of vegetable seedlings.

[0004] Therefore, providing a vegetable seedling-raising substrate prepared from a novel mushroom residue fermented product is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a vegetable seedling-raising mushroom residue fermentation composite cultivation substrate.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A vegetable seedling-raising mushroom residue fermentation composite cultivation substrate, the composite cultivation substrate includes mushroom residue fermented product, perlite, coconut coir, peat;

[0008] The volume ratio of the mushroom residue fermented product: perlite: coconut coir: peat is 20:20:25:35.

[0009] Further, the composite cultivation substrate further includes humic acid, and the addition amount of humic acid is 10 g / L.

[0010] Further, the composite cultivation substrate further includes a microbial inoculant, the microbial inoculant is Bacillus velezensis, the viable bacteria count ≥ 100 billion / g, and the addition amount is 0.5 g / L.

[0011] Further, the preparation method of the mushroom residue fermented product includes the following steps:

[0012] (1) Pretreatment:

[0013] Collect fresh mushroom residue and remove impurities; crush the mushroom residue to a particle size less than 1 cm, rinse it with clean water 2-3 times, then stack it for draining to reduce its water content to 60%-70%; add auxiliary materials and inoculate Bacillus subtilis;

[0014] The addition amount of the Bacillus subtilis is 1 kg per ton of mushroom residue, and the viable bacteria count is ≥ 20 billion / g.

[0015] (2) Composting fermentation:

[0016] At a fermentation site with good ventilation and a relatively high terrain, stack the inoculated mushroom residue into a long strip pile with a height of 1.5 meters and a width of 3 meters, and the length is determined according to needs; turn the pile every 2 - 3 days during the compost heating period and the compost high-temperature period; during the compost cooling period and the post-ripening stage of the compost, the turning frequency is reduced to once a week.

[0017] (3) Deep processing:

[0018] When the mushroom residue is fermented for 30 - 35 days, remove impurities and sieve the completely fermented materials. At this time, the mushroom residue materials are dark brown, loose in texture, odorless, and have a faint ammonia smell and a soil fragrance; detect the moisture content, pH value, and carbon-nitrogen ratio indicators of the fermented mushroom residue. The moisture content should be reduced to 30% - 40%, the pH value is between 6.5 - 7.5, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 20 - 30:1.

[0019] Furthermore, the fresh mushroom residue described in step (1) includes Flammulina velutipes residue, Ganoderma lucidum residue, and Lentinula edodes residue, and the volume ratio of the Flammulina velutipes residue: Ganoderma lucidum residue: Lentinula edodes residue is 6:2:2.

[0020] Furthermore, the added auxiliary materials described in step (1) are added according to mass fractions, including 7% wheat bran, which serves as the main carbon-nitrogen source to promote the proliferation of fermentation bacteria; 4% corn flour to accelerate temperature rise and shorten the fermentation cycle; 1.5% quicklime to adjust the pH value and sterilize; 1.5% superphosphate to supplement phosphorus and fix nitrogen.

[0021] Among them, the quicklime and superphosphate are added in stages: first add lime to adjust the pH, and then add superphosphate after 3 days to avoid the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate.

[0022] Furthermore, the duration of the compost heating period in step (2) is 1 - 3 days, and the temperature is 25 - 50 °C. Water-soluble and easily decomposable organic substances are decomposed into proteins, some cellulose, and hemicellulose, etc. under the action of mesophilic microorganisms, releasing NH3, CO2, and heat.

[0023] The duration of the compost high-temperature period is 5 - 7 days. The difficult-to-decompose organic substances are further decomposed under the action of thermophilic aerobic microorganisms to make the materials basically stable; at this time, the temperature is between 50 - 65 °C. If the temperature exceeds 65 °C, it is necessary to turn the pile in time to cool down to avoid killing microorganisms at high temperatures.

[0024] The duration of the compost cooling period is 7 - 15 days, and the temperature drops from 65 °C to about 40 °C. At this time, humification is dominant, and the turning frequency is reduced to once a week; control the humidity at 50 - 55% to prevent nitrogen volatilization.

[0025] The duration of the post - composting ripening stage is 10 - 15 days, the temperature is < 40°C, and cellulose and lignin are slowly decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms, with the composting process proceeding slowly.

[0026] As can be seen from the above - mentioned technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] The present invention makes full use of the waste mushroom residue after edible mushroom cultivation and converts it into a high - quality vegetable seedling - raising substrate, which not only solves the environmental pollution problem of mushroom residue but also realizes the recycling of resources, in line with the concept of sustainable development. The novel mushroom residue fermented product is rich in a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements, and at the same time, organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants are added, providing comprehensive and continuous nutrient supply for the growth of vegetable seedlings and helping to cultivate strong seedlings.

[0028] The raw materials used in the present invention are widely sourced and inexpensive, and the preparation method is simple and feasible. Compared with traditional seedling - raising substrates, it has significant cost advantages and is conducive to large - scale popularization and application in vegetable production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the provided drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a temperature change diagram during composting with different processes;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a seed germination rate change diagram during composting with different processes;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a C / N ratio diagram of different composting processes;

[0033] Figure 4 It is an influence diagram of different substrate treatments on the germination rate of cucumbers;

[0034] Figure 5 It is an influence diagram of different mixed mushroom residue ratio substrates on the plant height and stem diameter of cucumber seedlings; Figure 5 The left is the plant height, Figure 5 The right is the stem diameter;

[0035] Figure 6 It is an influence diagram of different mixed mushroom residue ratio substrates on the dry and fresh weights of the whole cucumber plant;

[0036] Figure 7 It is an influence diagram of humic acid and microbial inoculants on the germination rate of cucumber seedlings;

[0037] Figure 8 Effect diagram of humic acid and microbial inoculum on the plant height of cucumber seedlings

[0038] Figure 9 Effect diagram of humic acid and microbial inoculum on the stem diameter of cucumber seedlings Specific implementation manners

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only a part rather than all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Influence of different fermentation processes on the physical and chemical properties of compost

[0042] 1. Test materials and methods

[0043] (1) Collect fresh mushroom residues (volume ratio of Flammulina velutipes residues: Ganoderma lucidum residues: Lentinula edodes residues is 6:2:2), and use trough composting to prepare mushroom residue fermentates. After adjusting the C / N of the two compost raw materials to about 25 and the moisture content to about 60%, feed them into the fermentation tank, and the composting period is about 32 days. Compost by aerobic fermentation and micro-aerobic fermentation processes;

[0044] The preparation method of the mushroom residue fermentate includes the following steps:

[0045] (1) Pretreatment:

[0046] Collect fresh mushroom residues, remove impurities such as plastic bags and wooden blocks; crush the mushroom residues to a particle size less than 1 cm, and rinse them with clean water 2-3 times to reduce the salt and harmful substance content in the mushroom residues; after rinsing, stack the mushroom residues for draining to reduce the moisture content to 60%-70%; add auxiliary materials by mass fraction, including 7% wheat bran as the main carbon and nitrogen source to promote the proliferation of fermentation bacteria; 4% corn flour to accelerate temperature rise and shorten the fermentation period; 1.5% quicklime to adjust the pH value and sterilize; 1.5% superphosphate to supplement phosphorus and fix nitrogen; among them, quicklime and superphosphate are added in stages: first add lime to adjust the pH, and then add superphosphate after 3 days to avoid the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate; and inoculate Bacillus subtilis;

[0047] (2) Pile up and ferment:

[0048] In a well-ventilated and high-lying fermentation site, stack the mushroom residues inoculated with Bacillus subtilis into a long strip pile, and the length is determined as needed;

[0049] The aerobic fermentation pile is loosely stacked, 1.5 meters high and 3 meters wide; the micro-aerobic fermentation pile is denser, 2 meters high and 3 meters wide, reducing oxygen diffusion. During the stacking process, turn and add water according to the fermentation and water content conditions. For aerobic fermentation, turn the pile every 2 - 3 days to ensure oxygen penetration; for the micro-aerobic fermentation process, turn the pile every 5 - 7 days to reduce oxygen input; during the cooling stage, turn the pile once a week.

[0050] The addition amount of Bacillus subtilis Lys-979 (manufacturer: Genlido Biological Technology Co., Ltd., production batch number: 20220215A) is 1 kg / ton of mushroom residue, and the viable bacteria count ≥ 20 billion / g;

[0051] During the compost warming period (duration 1 - 3 d), the temperature is 25 - 50 °C. Water-soluble and easily decomposable organic substances are decomposed into proteins, some cellulose and hemicellulose, etc. by mesophilic microorganisms, releasing NH3, CO2 and heat;

[0052] During the compost high-temperature period (duration 5 - 7 d), the refractory organic substances are further decomposed by thermophilic aerobic microorganisms to basically stabilize the materials; at this time, the temperature is between 50 - 65 °C. If the temperature exceeds 65 °C, turn the pile in time to cool down to avoid killing microorganisms at high temperature;

[0053] During the compost cooling period (duration 7 - 15 d), the temperature drops from 65 °C to about 40 °C. At this time, humification is the main process, and the turning frequency is reduced to once a week; control the humidity at 50 - 55% to prevent nitrogen volatilization;

[0054] During the compost after-ripening stage (duration 10 - 15 d), the temperature < 40 °C. Cellulose and lignin are slowly decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms, and the composting process proceeds slowly;

[0055] (3) Deep processing:

[0056] When the mushroom residue ferments for 30 - 35 d, remove impurities and sieve the completely fermented materials. At this time, the mushroom residue materials are dark brown, loose in texture, odorless, and have a faint ammonia smell and earthy fragrance; detect the moisture, pH value, and carbon-nitrogen ratio indicators of the fermented mushroom residue.

[0057] 1. Sample determination

[0058] Temperature: Configure a temperature sensor to measure the temperature during the composting process. Measure it every day and record the temperature data every 1 hour.

[0059] Acidity (pH) and conductivity (EC): Mix de-carbonated water and fresh samples in a ratio of 10:1, stir evenly, let it stand, and take the supernatant for determination by a pH meter (PHS-3C) and a conductivity meter (DDS-307A).

[0060] Determination method for the germination rate (Germination index, GI) of compost: Weigh 10 g of fresh sample into a 250 mL plastic bottle, and soak and extract it on a shaker (25 °C, 200 r / min) for 30 min according to the ratio of deionized water to fresh sample of 10:1 (v / m). Let it stand and filter to obtain the supernatant. Take 10 mL of the leaching solution (using deionized water as the control solution) into a petri dish with a diameter of 9 cm lined with filter paper, sow 10 plump cucumber seeds, and place them in an incubator at 25 °C for cultivation. After 48 h, measure the number of germinated seeds and root length.

[0061] Carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N): Calculated based on the contents of DOC and DON, C / N = DOC / DON × 100%.

[0062] 2. Test results

[0063] (1) As can be seen from Figure 1 , generally speaking, the temperatures of aerobic and micro-aerobic fermentation composts show a trend of first rising and then falling. In the early stage (0 - 9 d), the composts of both fermentation processes gradually rise to about 50 °C. After that, with turning and mixing, the temperature drops. Starting from the 11th day, the aerobic fermentation continues to rise, enters the high-temperature period on the 13th day, and after lasting for 5 days, due to turning and adding water, the temperature drops to about 48 °C, and then slowly warms back to 55 °C on the 22nd day. The temperature of the micro-aerobic fermentation treatment rises significantly after the 23rd day and reaches the maximum value of 60 °C around the 26th day, and then the temperature drops. The high-temperature period (>55 °C) of aerobic fermentation is more stable (lasting for more than 5 days), which is beneficial to the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria. The micro-aerobic fermentation has a fast temperature rise, but a short high-temperature period (2 - 3 days), and the temperature drops significantly in the later stage.

[0064] (2) The effects of different fermentation processes on pH and electrical conductivity (EC) during the composting process are shown in Table 1. After 33 days of composting treatment, both processes significantly changed the physical and chemical properties of the compost. The pH of the aerobic fermentation process treatment group decreased from the initial 6.26 ± 0.2 to 5.45 ± 0.2 (a decrease of 13.0%), while the pH of the micro-aerobic fermentation process treatment group decreased significantly from 6.35 ± 0.2 to 5.24 ± 0.0 (a decrease of 17.5%, P < 0.01), indicating that the micro-aerobic fermentation has a more significant acidification effect on the compost pile. In terms of electrical conductivity (EC), the EC value of the aerobic fermentation process treatment group slightly decreased from 4.12 ± 0.2 mS / cm to 3.82 ± 0.1 mS / cm (a decrease of 7.3%); while the EC value of the micro-aerobic fermentation process treatment group increased significantly from 4.28 ± 0.1 mS / cm to 5.65 ± 0.0 mS / cm (an increase of 32.0%, P < 0.001), which may be related to the soluble salts (such as NH4 + 、K +) It is related to accumulation. The above results indicate that the fermentation process significantly affects the acid-base balance and salt dynamics of compost by regulating microbial activity. During micro-aerobic fermentation, while accelerating the production of organic acids, the EC value may increase due to the inhibition of nitrification or the release of salt ions.

[0065] Table 1 Changes in pH and EC during composting with different fermentation processes

[0066]

[0067] (3) On the 0th day, the GI values of both compost treatments were 0, indicating that the compost was not yet mature and had high toxicity at this time. After 33 days of composting, the GIs of the two mushroom residue composts were as follows: 92.0% for the aerobic fermentation compost treatment and 86.0% for the micro-aerobic compost treatment. The GIs of both treatments were greater than 70%, meeting the national standard (NY / T 525 - 2021), and aerobic fermentation compost had a significant promoting effect (see Figure 2 ).

[0068] (4) The change in the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) during composting is as Figure 3 shown. As the composting process progresses, the C / N of both fermentation processes shows a significant downward trend, but the micro-aerobic fermentation process shows a faster rate of decrease in the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The C / N of the aerobic fermentation process group decreased from the initial 13.11 to 11.44 on the 32nd day (a decrease of 12.7%), while the C / N of the micro-aerobic fermentation process group decreased from 13.11 to 10.12 (a decrease of 22.8%). At the end of composting, the C / N of the micro-aerobic fermentation process was significantly lower than that of the aerobic fermentation process (P < 0.05), indicating that its organic carbon mineralization efficiency was higher. This difference may be related to the preferential degradation of carbohydrates and lipids by specific microbial communities under micro-aerobic conditions.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] Effect of different substrate formulations on cucumber growth

[0071] Test materials and methods

[0072] In this experiment, the cucumber variety "Zhongnong No. 8" was selected. A total of five treatments were set up, and the details of the substrate raw materials and ratios for each treatment are shown in Table 2. 72-hole plug trays were used for seedling raising. 4 trays of cucumbers were sown for each treatment, with 3 replicates, totaling 60 trays. When the cucumber seedlings grew to three leaves and one heart, 30 seedlings with consistent growth were randomly selected from each treatment for the determination of various indicators.

[0073] On the ninth day after cucumber sowing, the emergence rate was counted. The height from the base of the plant seedling stem to the growth point was measured with a ruler as the plant height; the stem diameter was measured with a vernier caliper; the cucumber seedlings were washed with pure water and dried with filter paper, and then their above-ground and underground parts were separated, and the fresh weights of the underground and above-ground parts were weighed separately with an electronic balance (Ohaus / CP114); then they were bagged in envelopes and placed in a forced-air drying oven (SHKTYQ / 101-2AB) at 100 °C for 10 min for fixation, and then dried to a constant weight at 80 °C, and the dry weights of the above-ground and underground parts were weighed with an electronic balance.

[0074] Table 2 Substrate raw materials and ratios for each treatment

[0075]

[0076] 2. Test results

[0077] (1) As Figure 4 can be seen, there were significant differences in the emergence rates of cucumber seedlings under different mixed mushroom residue substrates. The emergence rate of cucumbers in the T3 treatment reached 97%, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and it increased by 4.7% compared with the CK. Secondly, it was the T2 treatment, which increased by 3.90% compared with the CK; the emergence rate of cucumber seedlings in the T4 treatment decreased by 2.03% compared with the CK, indicating that the combination of mixed mushroom residue and peat could improve the emergence rate of cucumber seedlings, but too high a content of mixed mushroom residue was not conducive to the emergence of cucumber seedlings.

[0078] (2) It can be Figure 5 seen that the mixed mushroom residue substrate could promote the growth of the plant height and stem diameter of cucumber seedlings. The plant height and stem diameter of cucumber seedlings in all treatments were higher than those of the control. Compared with the control, the plant height of the T1-T4 treatments increased by 16.38%-33.33%, and the stem diameter increased by 14.72%-25.43%. Among them, the plant height of all treatment substrates had significant differences with the CK, and the stem diameters of T1-T3 had significant differences with the CK. Moreover, the plant height of the T3 substrate was the highest and the stem diameter was the thickest. The above data showed that the mixing of mixed mushroom residue and peat had an obvious promoting effect on the growth of the plant height and stem diameter of cucumber seedlings.

[0079] (3) It can be seen from Table 3 that the fresh weights of the above-ground parts of cucumbers in all treatments were significantly higher than those of the CK, increasing by 6.04%-43.40% compared with the CK; among the fresh weights of the underground parts, the T1-T3 treatments were significantly higher than the CK, increasing by 31.6%-52.6% compared with the CK, and there was no significant difference between the CK and the T4 treatment; among the dry weights of the above-ground parts, all treatments were significantly higher than the CK, and the T3 treatment was the best, increasing significantly by 44.4% compared with the CK; among the dry weights of the underground parts, the T3 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments, and there was no significant difference between the CK and the T4.

[0080] It can be Figure 6It can be seen that the dry and fresh weights of the whole cucumber plants under T3 treatment are significantly higher than those of other treatments. The dry weight is significantly increased by 31% compared with CK, and the fresh weight is significantly increased by 47.2% compared with CK. Secondly is the T2 treatment, and there is no significant difference between the T4 treatment and CK. Generally speaking, the fresh and dry weights of cucumber seedlings under T3 treatment are the largest, significantly different from other treatments, and the second is the T2 treatment. This shows that the mixed mushroom residue and peat have an obvious promoting effect on the increase of cucumber seedling biomass.

[0081] Table 3 Effects of different mixed mushroom residue ratios of substrates on the dry and fresh weights of cucumbers

[0082]

[0083] Example 3

[0084] Effects of humic acid and microbial inoculants on cucumber seedling raising in mushroom residue mixed substrates

[0085] Test materials and methods

[0086] The cucumber variety tested was 'Zhongnong No. 8'; the microbial inoculant tested was Bacillus velezensis K01 (effective viable count ≥ 10 billion / g, provided by Genlido Biotechnology Co., Ltd., production batch number: 20220320A); the pH value of the tested humic acid was V:V = 5.5 - 6.

[0087] The formula of the mushroom residue mixed substrate selected for the test was 20% fermented matter + 20% perlite + 25% coconut coir + 35% peat. On this basis, by adding different concentrations of humic acid and Bacillus velezensis K01, the effects on cucumber seedling raising were observed. The added concentrations of humic acid were 5g / L, 10g / L, and 15g / L respectively; the added concentrations of Bacillus velezensis K01 were 0.25g / L, 0.5g / L, and 0.75g / L respectively. A total of 10 treatments were set up in the test (see Table 4), each treatment was repeated three times. The cucumber emergence rate was counted on the 9th day after sowing, and the indexes were measured when the plants grew to 3 leaves and 1 heart. The plant height was measured with a ruler; the stem diameter was measured with a vernier caliper; the measurement method of cucumber dry and fresh weights was the same as above.

[0088] Table 4 Added concentrations of humic acid and Bacillus velezensis under each treatment

[0089]

[0090] 2. Test results

[0091] (1) From Figure 7It can be seen that the emergence rate of cucumber seedlings first increases and then decreases with the increase of humic acid concentration. Among them, the germination rate of cucumber seedlings with a humic acid addition concentration of 10 g / L is the best, followed by 5 g / L. When the humic acid addition concentration is 15 g / L, the seedling germination rate is significantly lower than that of the control, showing an obvious inhibitory effect. By analyzing the effect of the addition concentration of Bacillus velezensis on the emergence rate of cucumber seedlings among different treatment groups, it is found that it also first increases and then decreases with the increase of the addition concentration of Bacillus velezensis, and the emergence rate is the best when the addition concentration of Bacillus velezensis is 5 g / L. Among the T1 and T2 groups, the germination rate decreases when the addition concentration of Bacillus velezensis is 7.5 g / L, but it is still significantly higher than that of 2.5 g / L and the control. In the T3 group, the germination rate is significantly lower when the addition concentration of Bacillus velezensis is 7.5 g / L than that of 2.5 g / L. When humic acid and Bacillus velezensis are applied simultaneously, the germination rate of the T2-2 treatment is the highest, at 99.58%, which is significantly higher than other treatments and 3.82% higher than the control.

[0092] (2) It can be Figure 8 seen that different treatments have a significant impact on the plant height. Among them, the T2 treatment group shows outstanding overall performance. The plant height of the T2-2 treatment reaches the maximum value of 11.04 cm, which is significantly higher than that of the control group CK by 14.22%, and together with T2-1 and T2-3, it forms a significantly dominant treatment group (a-b level). The T1 treatment group shows a gradient effect. The T1-2 treatment is significantly increased by 10.92% compared with CK, while there is no significant difference between T1-1 and T1-3 and the control. It is worth noting that the T3 treatment group generally has an inhibitory effect. The plant height of the T3-3 treatment is the lowest, which is 5.18% lower than that of CK. The test results show that the T2 treatment conditions (especially T2-2) can effectively promote the longitudinal growth of plants, while the T3 treatment group may inhibit the plant height development due to the excessive humic acid concentration.

[0093] (3) It can be Figure 9 seen that there are significant differences among different treatments. The T2 treatment group shows the best effect of promoting stem diameter overall. Among them, the T2-2 treatment is significantly higher than other treatments, increasing by 28.09% compared with the control (CK). And the stem diameter value shows an increasing trend of T2-1 < T2-3 < T2-2 with the increase of the addition concentration of Bacillus velezensis. In the T1 treatment group, the stem diameters of the T1-1 to T1-3 treatments are all higher than that of the control, increasing by 2.53%, 6.74%, and 12.92% respectively compared with the control. Among them, the difference between T1-2 and other treatments reaches a significant level. All treatments in the T3 treatment group have a significant inhibitory effect. Among them, the T3-3 treatment (3.16 ± 0.02 mm) is the lowest value, which is 11.24% lower than that of the control. The stem diameter value in this treatment group first increases and then decreases with the increase of the addition concentration of Bacillus velezensis, and the differences among treatments are significant.

[0094] (4) As can be seen from Table 5, there are significant differences in the above-ground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, total plant fresh weight, above-ground dry weight, underground dry weight, and total plant dry weight among the treatment groups. Among them, the T2-2 treatment group showed the best performance in all growth indicators, significantly higher than the control group (CK) and most other treatments.

[0095] In terms of the above-ground fresh weight, T2-2 increased by 19.2% compared to CK, and the above-ground fresh weight of the T2 treatment group was generally higher than that of the T1 and T3 treatment groups. In terms of the underground fresh weight, T2-2 and T2-1 were the highest, significantly increasing by 45.2% and 38.7% respectively compared to CK; the underground fresh weight of the T3 treatment group was significantly lower than that of the T2 treatment group. The total plant fresh weight of T2-2 reached 5.99 g, significantly higher than CK and other treatment groups; under the T2 treatment group, when the bacterial concentration increased from 2.5 g / L to 5 g / L, the total plant fresh weight increased significantly; however, when the bacterial concentration continued to increase to 7.5 g / L, the total plant fresh weight decreased to 5.51 g, indicating that there is a threshold for the bacterial growth-promoting effect. In terms of the above-ground dry weight, T2-2 was the highest, significantly increasing by 16.7% compared to CK. The above-ground dry weight of the T3 treatment group was significantly lower than that of the T1 and T2 treatment groups. In terms of the underground dry weight, T2-2 was significantly higher than CK, increasing by 33.3% compared to CK. The effect of the bacterial concentration on the underground dry weight changed with the humic acid concentration: at 10 g / L humic acid, the increase in the bacterial concentration significantly increased the underground dry weight; while at 15 g / L humic acid, the underground dry weight showed a downward trend with the increase in the bacterial concentration. In terms of the total plant dry weight, T2-2 was significantly higher than other treatments, increasing by 17.8% compared to CK. When the humic acid concentration was too high (15 g / L), the total plant dry weight decreased by 11.1% - 15.6% compared to CK, indicating that high humic acid may inhibit the accumulation of dry matter.

[0096] Table 5 Effects of humic acid and Bacillus velezensis on the dry and fresh weights of cucumber seedlings

[0097]

[0098] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A vegetable seedling mushroom residue fermentation composite cultivation substrate, characterized in that, The composite cultivation substrate includes mushroom residue fermentate, perlite, coconut coir, and peat; The volume ratio of the mushroom residue fermentate: perlite: coconut coir: peat is 20:20:25:

35.

2. The composite cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The composite cultivation substrate further includes humic acid, and the addition amount of the humic acid is 10 g / L.

3. The composite cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein, The composite cultivation substrate further includes a microbial inoculant, and the microbial inoculant is Bacillus velezensis, with the viable count ≥ 100 billion / g, and the addition amount is 0.5 g / L.

4. The composite cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein The preparation method of the mushroom residue fermentate includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment: Collect fresh mushroom residue and remove impurities; crush the mushroom residue to a particle size less than 1 cm, rinse it with clear water 2 - 3 times, then stack it for water drainage to reduce its water content to 60% - 70%; add auxiliary materials and inoculate Bacillus subtilis; The addition amount of the Bacillus subtilis is 1 kg per ton of mushroom residue, and the viable count ≥ 20 billion / g; (2) Pile composting fermentation: At a fermentation site with good ventilation and a relatively high terrain, stack the inoculated mushroom residue into a long strip pile with a height of 1.5 meters and a width of 3 meters, and the length is determined as needed; turn the pile every 2 - 3 days during the compost warming period and the compost high-temperature period; the turning frequency during the compost cooling period and the compost after-ripening stage is reduced to once a week; (3) Deep processing: When the mushroom residue is fermented for 30 - 35 days, remove impurities and sieve the completely fermented material. At this time, the mushroom residue material is dark brown, loose in texture, odorless, and has a faint ammonia smell and a soil fragrance; detect the moisture content, pH value, and carbon-nitrogen ratio indexes of the fermented mushroom residue. The moisture content should be reduced to 30% - 40%, the pH value is between 6.5 - 7.5, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 20 - 30:

1.

5. The composite cultivation substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fresh mushroom residue in step (1) includes Flammulina velutipes residue, Ganoderma lucidum residue, and Lentinula edodes residue, and the volume ratio of the Flammulina velutipes residue: Ganoderma lucidum residue: Lentinula edodes residue is 6:2:

2.

6. The composite cultivation substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The addition of the auxiliary materials in step (1) is added by mass fraction, including 7% wheat bran, as the main carbon-nitrogen source to promote the proliferation of fermenting bacteria; 4% corn flour to accelerate temperature rise and shorten the fermentation cycle; 1.5% quicklime to adjust the pH value and sterilize; 1.5% superphosphate to supplement phosphorus and fix nitrogen; Among them, quicklime and superphosphate are added in stages: first add lime to adjust the pH, and then add superphosphate after 3 days to avoid the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate.

7. The composite cultivation substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The duration of the compost warming period in step (2) is 1 - 3 days, and the temperature is 25 - 50 °C. Water-soluble and easily decomposable organic substances are decomposed into proteins, some cellulose, and hemicellulose, etc. under the action of mesophilic microorganisms, releasing NH3, CO2, and heat; The duration of the compost high-temperature period is 5 - 7 days. The difficult-to-decompose organic substances are further decomposed under the action of thermophilic microorganisms at high temperature to make the material basically stable; at this time, the temperature is between 50 - 65 °C. If it exceeds 65 °C, it is necessary to turn the pile in time to cool down to avoid killing microorganisms at high temperature; The duration of the compost cooling period is 7 - 15 days, and the temperature drops from 65 °C to about 40 °C. At this time, humification is the main factor, and the turning frequency is reduced to once a week; control the humidity at 50 - 55% to prevent nitrogen volatilization; The duration of the compost after-ripening stage is 10 - 15 days, and the temperature < 40 °C. Cellulose and lignin are slowly decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms, and the composting process proceeds slowly.

Images