Basalt fiber preparation system and method
Through the dual-zone furnace structure and vacuum degassing system, the problems of incomplete melt degassing and unreasonable melt pool structure in the preparation of traditional basalt fibers are solved, efficient continuous production and high-quality fiber preparation are achieved, and production stability and fiber performance are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510532714.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
AI Technical Summary
In the traditional basalt fiber preparation method, the incomplete melt degassing leads to defects in the internal pores of the fiber, the unreasonable design of the melt pool structure affects the stability of continuous production, and the inaccurate control of the melt flowability, resulting in uneven fiber diameter and degradation of mechanical properties.
The dual-zone furnace structure is adopted, combined with the vacuum degassing system, and the negative pressure melt column is formed through the low weir interval design and vacuum tube, and combined with a one-way normally closed-hole plate and a tapered nozzle to achieve continuous melting of ore and deep melt degassing, controlling melt flowability and fiber forming.
Continuous and efficient production of basalt fibers is achieved, with a porosity reduced by more than 80%, a discrete coefficient of fiber diameter ≤2%, a tensile strength ≥2000MPa, and a unit energy consumption reduced by 15%.
Smart Images
Figure CN120328868A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of materials, and particularly to a basalt fiber preparation system and method. Background Art
[0002] In traditional basalt fiber preparation methods, there are generally technical bottlenecks such as incomplete melt degassing leading to pore defects inside the fiber, unreasonable design of the molten bath structure affecting the stability of continuous production, and inaccurate control of melt fluidity in the fiber forming stage. Specifically, it is manifested as: it is difficult for a conventional single-chamber furnace to simultaneously achieve continuous melting of ore and deep degassing of the melt. During the vacuum degassing process, feeding often needs to be interrupted, resulting in low production efficiency. At the same time, due to gas residue and pressure fluctuations during melt forming, problems such as uneven fiber diameter and decreased mechanical properties are likely to occur, severely restricting the industrial production of high-quality basalt fibers. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention first provides a basalt fiber preparation system, including an ore melting furnace, which is internally divided into a deep pool part and a shallow pool part, separated by a low weir; a feeding device is provided above the deep pool part, a one-way normally closed orifice plate is provided at the bottom of the shallow pool part, and a tapered nozzle is connected below the one-way normally closed orifice plate; a vacuum tube is arranged above the shallow pool part, and the vacuum tube is connected to a vacuum pump through a regulating valve to evacuate the molten bath of the shallow pool part to form a negative pressure melt column.
[0004] Further, the hole diameter of the one-way normally closed orifice plate is 0.5 - 2.0 mm, its opening pressure threshold is 0.05 - 0.15 MPa, the ratio of the outlet diameter to the inlet diameter of the tapered nozzle is 1:3 to 1:5, and the contraction angle is 15° - 30°.
[0005] Further, the height of the low weir is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total depth of the deep pool part.
[0006] Further, the bottom of the vacuum tube extends 10 - 20 cm below the liquid level of the molten bath in the shallow pool part, and the adjustable range of the pumping rate of the vacuum pump is 10 - 50 L / min, and the vacuum degree control range is -0.08 MPa to -0.095 MPa.
[0007] The present invention also provides a basalt fiber preparation method based on the above system, including the following steps:
[0008] (1) Continuously feed basalt ore into the deep pool part through the feeding device and heat it to melting to form a molten bath;
[0009] (2) After the liquid level of the melt overflows the low weir and enters the shallow pool part, start the vacuum pump and control the evacuation through the regulating valve to lower the liquid level of the molten bath below the height of the low weir, and at the same time form a negative pressure melt column in the vacuum tube for degassing;
[0010] (3) The deep pool part continuously supplies materials and melts. After the degassing of the melt in the shallow pool part is completed, the vacuum pump is turned off and the negative pressure is released. The one-way normally closed orifice plate is pressed open by the self-weight of the melt column, and the melt is drawn into basalt fibers through a tapered nozzle.
[0011] (4) Repeat steps (2) and (3).
[0012] Furthermore, the fibers are drawn and wound into rolls by a winding machine. The drawing rate is 100 - 300 m / min, and the winding tension is controlled within the range of 5 - 15 N.
[0013] Furthermore, the degassing time of the melt in the vacuum tube is 3 - 8 minutes. After degassing, the porosity of the melt is ≤ 0.5%, the coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter is ≤ 2%, and the tensile strength is ≥ 2000 MPa.
[0014] Through the cooperation of the double - zone furnace structure of the deep pool and the shallow pool and the vacuum degassing system, the present invention realizes the synchronous progress of continuous melting of ore and deep degassing of the melt. The short - weir interval design effectively maintains the stability of the melt level in the deep pool. The physical degassing method of forming a negative - pressure melt column by vacuum pumping in the vacuum tube reduces the porosity by more than 80%. The precise opening and closing control of the one - way normally closed orifice plate at a specific pressure threshold, combined with the hydrodynamic characteristics of the tapered nozzle, improves the melt flow stability by 40%, and the coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter is ≤ 2%. The synergistic effect of continuous feeding in the deep pool, vacuum degassing in the shallow pool, and fiber forming during the overall operation of the system breaks through the limitations of the traditional batch production process, reduces the unit energy consumption by 15% while realizing the continuous and efficient production of basalt fibers, and the tensile strength of the product reaches more than 2000 MPa.
[0015] The concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the attached drawings to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Description of the Drawings
[0016] Figure 1 is a state diagram of the basalt fiber preparation system of the present invention during vacuum treatment;
[0017] Figure 2 is a state diagram of the basalt fiber preparation system of the present invention during fiber drawing and winding; Detailed Embodiments
[0018] The following introduces multiple preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification to make its technical content clearer and easier to understand. The present invention can be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments mentioned in the text.
[0019] In the drawings, components with the same structure are denoted by the same numerals, and components with similar structures or functions everywhere are denoted by similar numerals. The dimensions and thicknesses of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention does not limit the dimensions and thicknesses of each component. In order to make the illustration clearer, the thicknesses of some components in the drawings are appropriately exaggerated.
[0020] The basalt fiber preparation system according to the present invention is as Figure 1 and 2 shown. The basalt fiber preparation system includes an ore melting furnace 3. A feeding device 1 is provided on the ore melting furnace 3. The ore melting furnace 3 includes a deep pool part 31 and a shallow pool part 32, and the deep pool part 31 and the shallow pool part 32 are separated by a low weir 33. The feeding device 1 is located above the deep pool part 31, and a one-way normally closed orifice plate 4 is provided at the bottom of the shallow pool part 32. A tapered nozzle 6 is provided below the one-way normally closed orifice plate 4. A vacuum tube 9 is provided above the shallow pool part 32. The vacuum tube 9 is fixed on the ore melting furnace 3 and is connected to a vacuum pump 11 through a regulating valve 10.
[0021] During operation, small pieces of basalt ore are put into the deep pool part 31 of the ore melting furnace 3 through the feeding device 1, heated and melted to form a molten pool 2. The liquid level of the molten pool 2 gradually rises and overflows the low weir 33 and enters the shallow pool part 32. Turn on the vacuum pump 10 and adjust the regulating valve 10 to evacuate the vacuum tube 9, so that the liquid melt in the molten pool 2 enters the vacuum tube 9 under the action of atmospheric pressure, forming a melt column 21 higher than the liquid level of the melt, and the liquid level of the melt drops below the height of the low weir 33. At this time, make up the material to the deep pool part 31 through the feeding device 1, and the melt entering the vacuum tube 9 is degassed in the vacuum tube 9 ( Figure 1 ). When the basalt ore replenished in the deep pool part 31 is completely melted and the degassing of the melt in the vacuum tube 9 is completed, open the regulating valve 10 to break the vacuum. At this time, the weight of the melt column 21 acts entirely on the one-way normally closed orifice plate 4, so that the orifice of the one-way normally closed orifice plate 4 is opened under pressure. The melt in the vacuum tube 9 after degassing treatment passes through the one-way normally closed orifice plate 4 and enters the tapered nozzle 6, and basalt fibers 7 are formed through the nozzle, and then the fibers 7 are stretched and wound into a roll by a winding machine 8 ( Figure 2 ). Repeat the above steps to continuously prepare basalt fibers.
[0022] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can make many modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative labor. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art in the technical field of the present invention based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art should be within the protection scope determined by the claims.
Claims
1. A basalt fiber preparation system, characterized in that, It includes an ore melting furnace. The interior of the ore melting furnace is partitioned into a deep pool part and a shallow pool part, and the two are separated by a low weir. A feeding device is provided above the deep pool part, a one-way normally closed orifice plate is provided at the bottom of the shallow pool part, and a tapered nozzle is connected below the one-way normally closed orifice plate. A vacuum tube is arranged above the shallow pool part, and the vacuum tube is connected to a vacuum pump through a regulating valve, and is used to evacuate the molten pool in the shallow pool part to form a negative pressure melt column.
2. The basalt fiber preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hole diameter of the one-way normally closed orifice plate is 0.5 - 2.0 mm, its opening pressure threshold is 0.05 - 0.15 MPa, the ratio of the outlet diameter to the inlet diameter of the tapered nozzle is 1:3 to 1:5, and the contraction angle is 15° - 30°.
3. The basalt fiber preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that The height of the low weir is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total depth of the deep pool part.
4. The basalt fiber preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that The bottom of the vacuum tube extends 10 - 20 cm below the liquid level of the molten body in the shallow pool part, and the adjustable range of the pumping rate of the vacuum pump is 10 - 50 L / min, and the vacuum degree control range is -0.08 MPa to -0.095 MPa.
5. A method for preparing basalt fibers based on the system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Continuously feed basalt ore into the deep pool part through the feeding device and heat it to melting to form a molten pool. (2) After the liquid level of the molten body overflows the low weir and enters the shallow pool part, start the vacuum pump and control the evacuation through the regulating valve, so that the liquid level of the molten pool drops below the height of the low weir, and at the same time, a negative pressure melt column is formed in the vacuum tube for degassing. (3) Continuously replenish and melt the materials in the deep pool part. When the degassing of the molten body in the shallow pool part is completed, turn off the vacuum pump and release the negative pressure, and use the self-weight of the melt column to press open the one-way normally closed orifice plate, and the melt is drawn into basalt fibers through the tapered nozzle. (4) Repeat steps (2) and (3).
6. The basalt fiber preparation system according to claim 1, wherein The fibers are stretched and wound into a roll by a winding machine, the stretching rate is 100 - 300 m / min, and the winding tension is controlled within the range of 5 - 15 N.
7. The basalt fiber preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The degassing time of the melt in the vacuum tube is 3 - 8 minutes. After degassing, the porosity of the melt ≤ 0.5%, and the coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter ≤ 2%, and the tensile strength ≥ 2000 MPa.