Energy dissipater and spillway

Abstract

The invention provides an energy dissipater and a spillway, the energy dissipater comprises a bottom plate, a first side wall and a second side wall, the first side wall and the second side wall are arranged in the flood discharge direction and connected with the bottom plate, and the first side wall, the second side wall and the bottom plate form a water flow channel; a first flip bucket, a second flip bucket and a third flip bucket are formed at the downstream tail end of the bottom plate, the first flip bucket is connected with the first side wall, the third flip bucket is connected with the second side wall, the second flip bucket is respectively connected with the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket, and the first flip bucket is connected with the first flip bucket. The second flip bucket is a diffusion type flip bucket, the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket are narrow slit type flip bucket, and the tail end of the second flip bucket is higher than the tail end of the first flip bucket and the tail end of the third flip bucket. The risk that the spillway scours the opposite side bank slope of the flood discharge river channel can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of flood discharge energy dissipation of spillways, and particularly relates to an energy dissipator and a spillway. Background Art

[0002] As the most important flood discharge structure, the main function of the spillway is to discharge flood water during the flood season and regulate the water level in the reservoir area, so as to avoid the dam being overtopped and breached due to continuous incoming water during the flood season. Generally speaking, the dam stores the water flow in the reservoir area, resulting in an increased water level difference between the upstream and downstream of the dam. The water level difference between the upstream and downstream of some high-head power station dams even reaches 100m, or even 200m. If such a large-drop water flow is allowed to flow freely, the gravitational potential energy accumulated by the high-head water flow will inevitably be quickly converted into kinetic energy along the spillway, forming a high-velocity water flow, scouring and eroding the downstream riverbed and bank slopes. If left to develop freely for a long time, it will inevitably scour and cut down the downstream riverbed and bank slopes, and even backtrack and erode the dam foundation, as well as cause the dam to become unstable and damaged. As one of the mainstream energy dissipation methods for spillway flood discharge energy dissipation, flip bucket energy dissipation is widely used in medium and high dam projects with relatively hard bedrock due to its good energy dissipation effect, low cost, and small engineering quantity. Its main principle is to add a flip bucket at the end of the flood discharge structure, forcing the water flow discharged from the weir surface to flow at a high speed along the way and then smoothly shoot into the air along with the flip bucket. It continuously entrains air, turbulates, and diffuses in the air along the way, and falls into the downstream tailwater scour pit. The deep tailwater flows in the scour pit collide and turbulate with each other to further consume the kinetic energy carried.

[0003] With the development of science and technology and engineering practice, flip bucket energy dissipation currently presents various structural forms. The most widely used at present are slit-type flip bucket energy dissipation and differential flip bucket energy dissipation. According to the "Spillway Design Code" (SL253-2018), slit-type flip bucket energy dissipation is to reduce the flip angle of the flip bucket (-10° to 10°) and the lateral contraction of the flow width (the contraction ratio is between 0.2 and 0.5). By laterally contracting the jet water tongue and longitudinally stretching the jet water tongue, a jet water tongue with a long flip distance and high thickness in the shape of a "broom" is formed. To ensure the longitudinal stretching effect of the jet water tongue, the flow width and unit discharge of slit-type flip bucket energy dissipation are generally limited, otherwise, the phenomenon of high water jump in the slit contraction section is likely to occur; differential flip bucket energy dissipation is to set flip buckets with different angles (the flip angle is 15° to 35°) at the end of the traditional flip bucket, and form multiple free jet water tongues through the flip buckets with different angles, increasing the air-entraining and turbulent space of the jet water tongue, thereby enhancing the turbulent dissipation of energy.

[0004] However, whether it is a traditional flip bucket, a slit-type flip bucket or a differential flip bucket, they all use the flip bucket to form a long-distance longitudinal free-flowing water jet. However, in the area of meandering rivers in high mountains and valleys, the river channels are generally narrow, the dam bodies are generally built on the main riverbed section, and the spillways are built at one end of the dam body. This results in that the spillway axis direction is mostly at a certain angle with the downstream river channel, and in some cases, the spillway axis direction is almost perpendicular to the downstream river channel. Therefore, the longitudinal energy dissipation space of the spillway is generally insufficient, and the long-distance water jet is prone to scour the opposite bank slope due to excessive throwing distance. Traditional flip buckets, slit-type and differential flip buckets are generally not applicable.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop an energy dissipator and a spillway to reduce the risk of the spillway scouring the opposite bank slope of the downstream river channel. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy dissipator and a spillway to solve the problem that the existing energy dissipator and spillway have the risk of scouring the opposite bank slope of the downstream river channel.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an energy dissipator, including a bottom plate, and a first side wall and a second side wall which are arranged along the flood discharge direction and connected to the bottom plate. The first side wall, the second side wall and the bottom plate form a water flow channel. At the downstream end of the bottom plate, a first flip bucket, a second flip bucket and a third flip bucket are formed. The first flip bucket is connected to the first side wall, the third flip bucket is connected to the second side wall, and the second flip bucket is respectively connected to the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket. The second flip bucket is a diffused flip bucket, and the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket are slit-type flip buckets. The end height of the second flip bucket is higher than the end heights of the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket.

[0008] Optionally, the first side wall includes a first side wall section and a second side wall section connected to the first side wall section. The second side wall includes a third side wall section and a fourth side wall section connected to the third side wall section. The first side wall section and the third side wall section are straight line segments and are arranged in parallel. The second side wall section extends outward from the first side wall section to the outer side of the water flow channel, and the fourth side wall section extends outward from the third side wall section to the outer side of the water flow channel.

[0009] Optionally, the first flip bucket is formed between the end of the first side wall section and the end of the second side wall section, and the third flip bucket is formed between the end of the third side wall section and the end of the fourth side wall section.

[0010] Optionally, the rake angle of the second rake nose ridge is greater than the rake angle of the first rake nose ridge, and the rake angle of the second rake nose ridge is greater than the rake angle of the third rake nose ridge.

[0011] Optionally, the angle θ1 of the second flow nose is 35° to 75°.

[0012] Optionally, the connection between the bottom of the second flow-diverting nose sill and the first flow-diverting nose sill is the first side, the connection between the bottom of the second flow-diverting nose sill and the third flow-diverting nose sill is the second side, the top of the second flow-diverting nose sill is arranged along the water flow direction and the side close to the first flow-diverting nose sill is the third side, the top of the second flow-diverting nose sill is arranged along the water flow direction and the side close to the third flow-diverting nose sill is the fourth side, and the ends of the first side, the second side, the third side and the fourth side extend to the outside of the water flow channel.

[0013] Optionally, the first side, the second side, the third side and the fourth side are arc sides, and the two side surfaces of the second flow-diverting nose sill arranged along the water flow direction are cylindrical surfaces, so that the two side surfaces of the second flow-diverting nose sill arranged along the water flow direction divert the flow in the horizontal plane, so that the water flow ejected in a straight line bends toward the first side wall and the second side wall and bends in the vertical direction, and finally is ejected in an oblique upward direction, thereby shortening the diversion distance and improving the diversion energy dissipation effect.

[0014] Optionally, the width of the flow cross-section of the second flow nose sill gradually decreases with increasing height, and the two side walls of the second flow nose sill approach the center line of the water flow at a certain inclination angle, so that the width of the flow end faces of the first flow nose sill and the third flow nose sill gradually increases with increasing height, so that the two side surfaces of the second flow nose sill arranged along the water flow direction are inclined cylindrical surfaces, thereby making the guide walls formed along the two side walls of the second flow nose sill highly stable, and facilitating the bending and flipping of the water flow in the direction of the first side wall and the second side wall, thereby improving the diversion energy dissipation effect and shortening the cantilever distance.

[0015] Optionally, the radius R4 of the first side and the second side is 5 to 8 times the longitudinal length L3 of the second flow nose, the center angle of the plane of the first side and the second side is 8 to 12°, the radius R5 of the third side and the fourth side is 4 to 6 times the longitudinal length L3 of the second flow nose, and the center angle of the plane of the third side and the fourth side is 10 to 15°.

[0016] The present invention also provides a spillway, comprising a spillway trough and the above-mentioned energy dissipator, wherein the energy dissipator is arranged at the end of the spillway trough.

[0017] The energy dissipator and spillway provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0018] Since the first flip bucket is connected to the first side wall, the third flip bucket is connected to the second side wall, the second flip bucket is connected to the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket respectively, the second flip bucket is a diffusive flip bucket, the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket are slit-type flip buckets, and the height of the end of the second flip bucket is higher than the heights of the ends of the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket, therefore, the first flip bucket, the second flip bucket and the third flip bucket also form a differential flip bucket. Thus, when discharging flood with a small flow rate, the second flip bucket with a higher end height can be used for water diversion, forcing the water flow to deflect towards the narrow slit flip buckets on both sides, and then making the water flow discharged from the weir surface form a narrow slit flip flow and rush into the downstream scour pit, thereby effectively shortening the flip distance; when discharging flood with a large flow rate, the water diversion characteristics of the first flip bucket, the second flip bucket and the third flip bucket can be utilized. The non-main stream on the weir surface shoots from the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket into the downstream scour pit, while the main stream on the weir surface shoots out from the second flip bucket in a large flip angle parabolic shape and shoots into the air, and the jet water tongue is in a high-throw jet shape in the air. Therefore, the flip distance can be shortened; thus, the lateral and vertical spaces of the downstream river channel of the flip bucket can be fully utilized during both large-flow and small-flow flood discharges, the longitudinal flip distance can be effectively shortened, and the risk of the flip jet scouring the opposite bank slope of the downstream river channel can be reduced. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the energy dissipator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a top view of the energy dissipator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the energy dissipator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a partial enlarged schematic diagram at A;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the water flow direction of the energy dissipator in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0025] 100 - bottom slab; 210 - first side wall; 211 - first side wall section; 212 - second side wall section; 220 - second side wall; 221 - third side wall section; 222 - fourth side wall section; 310 - first flip bucket; 320 - second flip bucket; 321 - first side; 322 - second side; 323 - third side; 324 - fourth side; 330 - third flip bucket; 400 - opposite bank slope. Detailed Embodiments

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is customarily placed when in use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive distinction and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In addition, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or hanging, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention usually described and illustrated in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the inventive product is usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive distinction and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In addition, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or hanging, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "set", "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] Refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 1 are the three - dimensional structure schematic diagrams of the energy dissipator in the embodiments of the present invention, Figure 2 is the top - view of the energy dissipator in the embodiments of the present invention, Figure 3 is the cross - sectional view of the energy dissipator in the embodiments of the present invention, Figure 4 is Figure 3 the partial enlarged schematic diagram at A, Figure 5 is the water flow direction schematic diagram of the energy dissipator in the embodiments of the present invention. An energy dissipator is provided in this embodiment, which includes a bottom plate 100, and a first side wall 210 and a second side wall 220 that are arranged along the flood - discharging direction and connected to the bottom plate 100. The first side wall 210, the second side wall 220 and the bottom plate 100 form a water flow channel. At the downstream end of the bottom plate 100, a first flip - bucket nose 310, a second flip - bucket nose 320 and a third flip - bucket nose 330 are formed. The first flip - bucket nose 310 is connected to the first side wall 210, the third flip - bucket nose 330 is connected to the second side wall 220, the second flip - bucket nose 320 is respectively connected to the first flip - bucket nose 310 and the third flip - bucket nose 330. The second flip - bucket nose 320 is a diffusive flip - bucket nose, the first flip - bucket nose 310 and the third flip - bucket nose 330 are narrow - slit flip - bucket noses, and the height of the end of the second flip - bucket nose 320 is higher than the heights of the ends of the first flip - bucket nose 310 and the third flip - bucket nose 330.

[0039] Since the first flip bucket 310 is connected to the first side wall 210, the third flip bucket 330 is connected to the second side wall 220, the second flip bucket 320 is connected to the first flip bucket 310 and the third flip bucket 330 respectively, the second flip bucket 320 is a diffusive flip bucket, the first flip bucket 310 and the third flip bucket 330 are slit-type flip buckets, and the height of the end of the second flip bucket 320 is higher than the height of the ends of the first flip bucket 310 and the third flip bucket 330. Therefore, the first flip bucket 310, the second flip bucket 320 and the third flip bucket 330 also form a differential flip bucket. In this way, when discharging flood with a small flow rate, the second flip bucket 320 with a higher end height can be used for water diversion, forcing the water flow to deflect towards the narrow slit flip buckets on both sides. Furthermore, the water flow discharging from the weir surface forms a narrow slit flip flow and directly rushes into the downstream scour pit, thereby effectively shortening the flip distance. When discharging flood with a large flow rate, the water diversion characteristics of the first flip bucket 310, the second flip bucket 320 and the third flip bucket 330 can be utilized. The non-main stream on the weir surface directly shoots from the first flip bucket 310 and the third flip bucket 330 into the downstream scour pit, while the main stream on the weir surface shoots out in a parabolic shape from the second flip bucket 320 and shoots into the air. The jet water tongue is in a high-throw jet shape in the air. Therefore, the flip distance can be shortened, and the risk of scouring the opposite bank slope 400 of the downstream river channel can be reduced.

[0040] The first side wall 210 includes a first side wall section 211 and a second side wall section 212 connected to the first side wall section. The second side wall 220 includes a third side wall section 221 and a fourth side wall section 222 connected to the third side wall section. The first side wall section 211 and the third side wall section 221 are straight line segments and are arranged in parallel. The second side wall section 212 extends towards the outside of the water flow channel relative to the first side wall section. The fourth side wall section 222 extends towards the outside of the water flow channel relative to the third side wall section.

[0041] Since the first side wall section and the third side wall section are straight line segments and are arranged in parallel, the second side wall section extends towards the outside of the water flow channel relative to the first side wall section, and the fourth side wall section extends towards the outside of the water flow channel relative to the third side wall section. Therefore, the first flip bucket 310 and the third flip bucket 330 gradually narrow along the water flow direction and bend towards both sides. Therefore, when discharging flood with a small flow rate, the second flip bucket 320 with a higher end height can be used for water diversion, forcing the water flow to deflect towards the narrow slit flip buckets on both sides. Furthermore, the water flow discharging from the weir surface forms a narrow slit flip flow and deflects horizontally into the downstream scour pit, thereby effectively shortening the flip distance and reducing the risk of scouring the opposite bank slope 400 of the downstream river channel.

[0042] Specifically, the first flip bucket is formed between the ends of the first side wall section and the second side wall section, and the third flip bucket is formed between the ends of the third side wall section and the fourth side wall section.

[0043] Preferably, the flip angle of the second flip bucket 320 is greater than that of the conventional flip bucket and the first flip bucket 310, and the flip angle of the second flip bucket 320 is greater than that of the third flip bucket 330. In this way, compared with the traditional flip bucket, the highest point of the water jet is higher and the flip distance is shorter, further reducing the risk of scouring the opposite bank slope of the downstream river channel.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the flip angle of the conventional flip bucket is 15 - 35°, and the flip angle θ1 of the second flip bucket 320 is 35° - 75°.

[0045] Preferably, the second side wall section 212 and the fourth side wall section 222 are symmetrically arranged.

[0046] The connection between the bottom of the second flip bucket 320 and the first flip bucket 310 is the first side 321, the connection between the bottom of the second flip bucket 320 and the third flip bucket 330 is the second side 322, the top of the second flip bucket 320 is arranged along the water flow direction and is close to the side of the first flip bucket 310 as the third side 323, the top of the second flip bucket 320 is arranged along the water flow direction and is close to the side of the third flip bucket 330 as the fourth side 324. The ends of the first side 321, the second side 322, the third side 323 and the fourth side 324 extend outward to the outside of the water flow channel.

[0047] Specifically, the first side 321, the second side 322, the third side 323 and the fourth side 324 are arc-shaped sides, and the two sides of the second flip bucket arranged along the water flow direction are cylindrical surfaces, so that the two sides of the second flip bucket arranged along the water flow direction flip in the horizontal plane, so that the water flow shooting out in a straight line bends towards the directions of the first side wall and the second side wall and bends in the vertical direction, and finally shoots out along the obliquely upward direction, thereby shortening the flip distance and improving the flip energy dissipation effect.

[0048] Preferably, the cross-sectional flow area of the second flip bucket 320 gradually decreases in width as the height increases, and the two side walls of the second flip bucket 320 approach the water flow center line at a certain inclination angle. In this way, the two side surfaces of the second flip bucket 320 are inclined relative to the vertical direction, and the two side surfaces of the second flip bucket 320 approach the middle of the second flip bucket 320, so that the second flip bucket 320 gradually narrows from bottom to top in the thickness direction, so that the widths of the cross-sectional flow end surfaces of the first flip bucket 310 and the third flip bucket 330 gradually increase as the height increases, so that the two side surfaces of the second flip bucket 320 arranged along the water flow direction are inclined cylindrical surfaces, and further, the guide walls formed along the two side walls of the second flip bucket 320 have high stability and are conducive to the water flow to bend and turn in the direction of the first side wall 321 and the second side wall 322, improving the flip energy dissipation effect.

[0049] The radius R4 of the first side 321 and the second side 322 is 5 to 8 times the longitudinal length L3 of the second flip bucket, and the plane central angle of the first side 321 and the second side 322 is 8 to 12°. The radius R5 of the third side 323 and the fourth side 324 is 4 to 6 times the longitudinal length L3 of the second flip bucket, and the plane central angle of the third side 323 and the fourth side 324 is 10 to 15°.

[0050] Furthermore, the distance B5 between the ends of the first side 321 and the third side 323 is 0.1 to 0.3 times the inlet width B3 of the first flip bucket 310, and the distance B7 between the ends of the second side 322 and the fourth side 324 is 0.1 to 0.3 times the inlet width B1 of the third flip bucket 330.

[0051] Furthermore, to avoid cavitation damage to the second side 322 and the third side 323 due to excessive flow velocity at the end of the flood discharge chute, fillet treatment is performed at the edge corners of the second side 322 and the third side 323, and the fillet radius is taken as 10 cm.

[0052] Preferably, the flip angle of the first flip bucket 310 is taken as -5° to 5°, and the flip angle θ3 of the third flip bucket 330 is taken as -5° to 5°.

[0053] Preferably, the ratio ε1 of the outlet width B4 to the inlet width B3 of the first flip bucket 310 is taken as 0.7 to 0.8, and the ratio ε2 of the outlet width B8 to the inlet width B1 of the third flip bucket 330 is taken as 0.7 to 0.8.

[0054] Preferably, the diffusion ratio ε3 of the outlet width B6 to the inlet width B2 of the second flip bucket 320 is taken as 1.0 to 1.5.

[0055] Preferably, the first flip bucket 310 and the third flip bucket 330 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second flip bucket 320.

[0056] Furthermore, the ratio ε4 of the inlet width B2 of the second flip bucket 320 to the inlet width B3 of the first flip bucket 310 is taken as 1.2 - 1.5, and the ratio ε5 of the inlet width B2 of the second flip bucket 320 to the inlet width B1 of the third flip bucket 310 is taken as 1.5 - 2.0.

[0057] Preferably, the flip bucket radius of the first flip bucket 310 is taken as 6 - 10 times the water depth H4 at the top of the flip bucket end. And the flip bucket radius R3 of the third flip bucket 330 is taken as 6 - 10 times the water depth at the top of the flip bucket end.

[0058] Preferably, the flip bucket radius R1 of the second flip bucket 320 is taken as 12 - 18 times the water depth H3 at the top of the flip bucket end.

[0059] In this embodiment, the energy dissipator is applicable to the single-width discharge flow rate q at the top of the spillway, the height difference H1 from the top of the spillway to the ends of the first flip bucket 310 and the second flip bucket 320, and the height difference H2 from the top of the spillway to the end of the second flip bucket 320, where the single-width flow rate 10 < q ≤ 150m 2 / s, 10 < H2 ≤ 120m.

[0060] This embodiment also provides a spillway, including a flood discharge chute and the energy dissipator in the above embodiment, and the energy dissipator is arranged at the end of the flood discharge chute.

[0061] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments.

[0062] Embodiment 1

[0063] A medium-sized reservoir is located in the Hanjiang River Basin. Its main functions are irrigation and water supply, with comprehensive benefits such as flood control and power generation. The main buildings include a dam, a spillway, an irrigation and power generation tunnel, etc. The flood control standard of the dam is: designed for a once-in-100-year flood and checked for a once-in-1000-year flood; the flood standard for energy dissipation and erosion prevention of the spillway is designed for a once-in-30-year flood. The normal storage level, design flood level and check flood level of the reservoir are 395.30m, 396.00m and 397.95m respectively, and the flood limit level is 390.3m.

[0064] The spillway is located on the right bank of the dam and consists of an intake channel section, a control section, a spillway chute, an energy dissipator, etc. The control section is a flat-bottom spillway gate, the bottom of the gate is a broad-crested weir, the elevation of the weir crest is 385.30, the width at the inlet is 30 m, and 3 flat gates (3 m × 8 m × 10 m) are installed, with a net width of 24 m; the longitudinal slope of the spillway chute is 1:3.0, and the net width is 30 m; the ejection angle of the flip bucket of the original energy dissipator is 29.1°, the radius of the flip bucket is 21.30 m, and the elevation of the top of the bucket is 365.72 m.

[0065] According to the calculation results of the discharge capacity of the reservoir spillway, the discharge capacities of the reservoir spillway at the normal storage level, the design flood level and the check flood level are 1573 m 3 / s, 1741 m 3 / s and 2239 m 3 / s respectively. According to the flood regulation operation mode of the reservoir, the starting regulation water level of the reservoir is the flood limit water level of 390.3 m. When the reservoir water level exceeds 390.3 m but is lower than 395.30 m, by controlling the number of open gates and the opening degree, it is ensured that the discharged flow does not exceed 365.0 m 3 / s; when the reservoir water level may reach and exceed 395.30 m, the spillway gates are fully opened to discharge as much as it comes.

[0066] Referring to this embodiment, the energy dissipator of this embodiment is arranged at the end of the spillway chute. Among them, the flip radius of the narrow slot flip bucket is 15 m, the flip angle is 0°, the inlet and outlet widths of the narrow slot flip bucket are 7.5 m and 5.63 m respectively, and the elevation of the top of the narrow slot flip bucket is 358.41 m; the flip radius of the diffuser flip bucket is 20 m, the flip angle is 40°, the inlet and outlet widths of the diffuser flip bucket are 15 m and 18.75 m respectively, and the elevation of the top of the diffuser flip bucket is 367.64 m; the longitudinal length of the diffuser flip bucket is 19.82 m; the radius of the first side is 118.92 m, and the central angle is 10°; the radius of the second side is 99.10 m, and the central angle is 12°.

[0067] Taking the flood limit water level condition and the design flood level condition as examples in this calculation, they are used as representatives of the small-flow and large-flow flood discharge conditions respectively to carry out the calculation of the flip distance of the conventional continuous flip bucket and the flip bucket of this embodiment.

[0068] After calculation, under the flood limit water level condition, that is, the small-flow discharge condition, the maximum flip distance of the conventional continuous flip bucket is 80.27 m, and the maximum flip distance of this embodiment is 63.21 m; under the design flood level condition, that is, the large-flow discharge condition, the maximum flip distance of the conventional continuous flip bucket is 96.44 m, and the maximum flip distance of this embodiment is 73.81 m. Thus, it can be seen that whether it is the large-flow discharge condition or the small-flow discharge condition, this embodiment can shorten the flip distance of the flip bucket.

[0069] This embodiment optimizes and adjusts the weir surface of the spillway nose sill, which has the characteristics of both large and small angle nose sills. It achieves "30% to 70% flow diversion" during flood discharge, that is, when discharging a large amount of water, 70% of the water flow uses the large angle nose sill to form a jet water tongue, and the jet water stream shoots into the air at a large angle; when discharging a small amount of water, 30% of the water flow uses the small angle nose sill to form a transverse deflection water tongue, thereby fully utilizing the lateral and vertical space of the river channel downstream of the sill and shortening the longitudinal distance of the jet water tongue.

[0070] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any changes or modifications made by a person skilled in the art in the field of the present invention based on the above disclosure shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy dissipator, comprising a bottom plate, a first side wall and a second side wall which are arranged along the flood discharge direction and connected to the bottom plate, wherein the first side wall, the second side wall and the bottom plate form a water flow channel, and is characterized in that, At the downstream end of the bottom plate, a first flip bucket, a second flip bucket and a third flip bucket are formed. The first flip bucket is connected to the first side wall, the third flip bucket is connected to the second side wall, the second flip bucket is connected to the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket respectively. The second flip bucket is a diffusive flip bucket, the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket are slit-type flip buckets, and the height of the end of the second flip bucket is higher than the heights of the ends of the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket.

2. The energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first side wall includes a first side wall section and a second side wall section connected to the first side wall section. The second side wall includes a third side wall section and a fourth side wall section connected to the third side wall section. The first side wall section and the third side wall section are straight line segments and are arranged in parallel. The second side wall section extends outward from the first side wall section to the outer side of the water flow channel, and the fourth side wall section extends outward from the third side wall section to the outer side of the water flow channel.

3. The energy dissipator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first flip bucket is formed between the ends of the first side wall section and the second side wall section, and the third flip bucket is formed between the ends of the third side wall section and the fourth side wall section.

4. The energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flip angle of the second flip bucket is greater than the flip angle of the first flip bucket, and the flip angle of the second flip bucket is greater than the flip angle of the third flip bucket.

5. The energy dissipator according to claim 4, wherein The flip angle θ1 of the second flip bucket is 35° - 75°.

6. The energy dissipator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the bottom of the second flip bucket and the first flip bucket is the first side edge, the connection between the bottom of the second flip bucket and the third flip bucket is the second side edge, the top of the second flip bucket is arranged along the water flow direction and the side close to the first flip bucket is the third side edge, the top of the second flip bucket is arranged along the water flow direction and the side close to the third flip bucket is the fourth side edge. The ends of the first side edge, the second side edge, the third side edge and the fourth side edge extend outward to the outer side of the water flow channel.

7. The energy dissipator according to claim 6, wherein The first side edge, the second side edge, the third side edge and the fourth side edge are arc edges, and the two side surfaces of the second flip bucket arranged along the water flow direction are cylindrical surfaces, so that the two side surfaces of the second flip bucket arranged along the water flow direction flip water in the horizontal plane, so that the water flow ejected along the first flip bucket bends towards the direction of the first side wall and bends in the vertical direction, and the water flow ejected along the third flip bucket bends towards the direction of the second side wall and bends in the vertical direction. Finally, the water flow is flipped and ejected along the obliquely upward direction, thereby shortening the flip distance and improving the flip energy dissipation effect.

8. The energy dissipator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flow-through cross-section of the second flip bucket decreases gradually in width as the height increases. The two side walls of the second flip bucket approach the water flow center line at a certain inclination angle, so that the widths of the flow-through end faces of the first flip bucket and the third flip bucket gradually increase as the height increases. Thus, the two side faces of the second flip bucket arranged along the water flow direction are inclined cylindrical surfaces, and further, the guide walls formed along the two side walls of the second flip bucket have high stability, and are beneficial to the bending and turning of the water flow towards the direction of the first side wall and the second side wall, improving the flip energy dissipation effect while shortening the flip distance.

9. The energy dissipator according to claim 8, wherein The radii R4 of the first side and the second side are 5 to 8 times the longitudinal length L3 of the second flip bucket, and the plane central angles of the first side and the second side are 8 to 12°. The radii R5 of the third side and the fourth side are 4 to 6 times the longitudinal length L3 of the second flip bucket, and the plane central angles of the third side and the fourth side are 10 to 15°.

10. A spillway, characterized in that, It includes a flood discharge chute and an energy dissipator as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the energy dissipator is arranged at the end of the flood discharge chute.

Images