Mining self-drilling anchor rod

Abstract

The mining self-drilling anchor rod comprises a drill bit, an outer pipe, an inner pipe and a sealing sleeve, the drill bit is arranged at the first end of the outer pipe, the inner pipe is arranged in the outer pipe, and a first liquid path is formed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe; a second liquid path is formed in the inner pipe; the first end of the sealing sleeve is connected with the drill bit, the second end of the sealing sleeve is connected with the inner pipe, and a liquid outlet hole is formed in the sealing sleeve; when the outer pipe rotates forwards or reversely, the first liquid path is communicated with the interior of the sealing sleeve through the liquid outlet hole; when the outer pipe rotates reversely or forwardly, the liquid outlet hole is disconnected from the first liquid path, and the hydraulic pressure of one end of the second liquid path far away from the drill is increased to push the anchoring agent. During normal drilling, low-pressure cooling water is supplied to the anchor hole through the first liquid path, the first liquid path is cut off after drilling is finished, and the anchoring agent is pushed to be extruded into the anchor hole by continuously increasing the hydraulic pressure of fluid at the end of the second liquid path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anchoring devices, and particularly to a mine self-drilling bolt. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the fields of geotechnical engineering, mines, and tunnels, bolt support is usually adopted. Common bolts include resin bolts and mortar bolts, etc. In the mine roadway support system, resin bolts have the characteristics of short setting time and fast force application, but the cost of resin materials is very high.

[0003] The construction process of resin bolts is as follows: (1) Drilling an anchor hole, (2) Feeding a resin cartridge into the anchor hole, (3) Inserting a bolt, and (4) Rotating the bolt to crush the resin cartridge, so that the resin cartridge is mixed and solidified to anchor the bolt. In the second step, the resin cartridge is usually fed into the bottom of the anchor hole directly by high-pressure water or high-pressure gas. However, during the use process, due to factors such as the axis of the anchor hole not being a standard straight line (i.e., the hole is not straight), large friction between the resin cartridge and the anchor hole, and the resin cartridge itself being soft and having poor directivity, it is very difficult to feed the resin cartridge in place.

[0004] To solve this problem, a coal mine drill-anchor inspection integrated bolt is proposed in the prior art, such as the patent with the publication number CN114542131A. It has the following deficiencies: Two water inlet channels must be provided at the rear end joint, and high- and low-pressure water is also required to cooperate with drilling. This increases the equipment adaptation difficulty, requires professional equipment or joint drive, and has poor versatility. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a mine self-drilling bolt. During normal drilling, low-pressure cooling water is supplied to the anchor hole through the first liquid path. After drilling is completed, the first liquid path is cut off, and the hydraulic pressure at the end of the second liquid path is continuously increased to push the anchoring agent out into the anchor hole.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A mine self-drilling bolt includes a drill bit, an outer tube, an inner tube, and a sealing sleeve. The drill bit is arranged at the first end of the outer tube. The inner tube is arranged inside the outer tube, and a first liquid path is formed between the outer tube and the inner tube; a second liquid path is formed inside the inner tube; The first end of the sealing sleeve is connected to the drill bit, the second end of the sealing sleeve is connected to the inner tube, and liquid outlet holes are provided on the sealing sleeve; When the outer tube rotates forward or backward, the first liquid path is communicated with the inside of the sealing sleeve through the liquid outlet holes; when the outer tube rotates backward or forward, the liquid outlet holes and the first liquid path are disconnected, and the hydraulic pressure at the end of the second liquid path away from the drill bit increases, pushing the anchoring agent.

[0007] Further, the first liquid path is provided with a communication hole. When the outer tube rotates forward or backward, the communication hole rotates relative to the liquid outlet hole until the communication hole and the liquid outlet hole are coaxially corresponding and connect the first liquid path with the sealing sleeve; when the outer tube rotates backward or forward, the communication hole rotates relative to the liquid outlet hole until they are misaligned and disconnect the first liquid path from the sealing sleeve.

[0008] Further, it further includes a connector. The first end of the connector is drivingly connected to the drill bit. The second end of the connector is arranged between the inner tube and the sealing sleeve. The communication hole is arranged on the connector. When the outer tube rotates forward or backward and drives the connector to synchronously rotate by an angle α, the connector drives the drill bit to rotate forward or backward synchronously; when the outer tube rotates backward or forward, it drives the connector to synchronously rotate by an angle β, and the connector drives the drill bit to rotate backward or forward synchronously.

[0009] Further, the connector is of a circular sleeve structure. The connector is provided with an arc-shaped sliding groove along the circumferential direction. The drill bit is provided with a sliding block that is slidably matched with the sliding groove. A piston adapted to the inner diameter of the inner tube is further arranged inside the inner tube. The piston is arranged at one end of the anchoring agent away from the drill bit.

[0010] Further, the communication hole is arranged on the inner tube.

[0011] Further, the drill bit and the sealing sleeve are of an integral structure; or the drill bit is provided with a connection groove, and the first end of the sealing sleeve is provided with a connection block that cooperates with the connection groove. The drill bit is detachably connected to the sealing sleeve through the connection groove and the connection block.

[0012] Further, a sealing ring is arranged outside the sealing sleeve. The sealing ring is used to seal the communication hole when the liquid outlet hole and the communication hole are misaligned.

[0013] Further, a tool for breaking the outer skin of the anchoring agent is arranged at the second end of the sealing sleeve.

[0014] Further, a driving assembly is arranged at the second end of the outer tube. The driving assembly is successively provided with a plastic sleeve, a driving nut, and a locking nut. The outer diameter of the driving nut is larger than the outer diameter of the locking nut.

[0015] Further, it further includes a retaining plug. The first end of the retaining plug is connected to the outer tube. The first end of the retaining plug is provided with a liquid inlet channel along the axial direction. The second end of the retaining plug is respectively provided with an axial hole and a radial hole that communicate with the liquid inlet channel. The axial hole communicates with the inside of the inner tube, and the radial hole communicates with the first liquid path.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) During normal drilling of the present invention, low-pressure cooling water is supplied to the anchor hole through the first liquid path. After the drilling is completed, the first liquid path is cut off, and the fluid pressure at the end of the second liquid path is continuously increased to push the anchoring agent out into the anchor hole.

[0017] 2) The first liquid path and the second liquid path of the present invention share a common liquid inlet, which can greatly simplify the structure of the bolt and improve the applicability of the bolt.

[0018] 3) The driving assembly of the present invention not only serves as a transmission part for the forward and reverse driving of the bolt, but also can be used as a test device for the anchoring effect of the bolt. When the anchoring effect of the bolt meets the standard, the force to drive the driving nut forward reaches the yield limit of the damaged plastic sleeve; otherwise, when the bolt effect does not meet the standard, the driving nut drives the bolt to continue to rotate within the bolt. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of the mine self-drilling bolt in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a front view of the mine self-drilling bolt; Figure 3 is Figure 2 a sectional view taken along the line A-A in Figure 4 is an exploded view of the mine self-drilling bolt; Figure 5 is Figure 3 an enlarged schematic view of a partial area B in Figure 6 is Figure 3 an enlarged schematic view of a partial area C in Figure 7 is an exploded view of the drill bit, the connector, and the sealing sleeve; Figure 8 is a three-dimensional Figure 1 ; Figure 9 is a three-dimensional Figure 2 ; In the figure, 1. Drill bit; 2. Outer tube; 3. Inner tube; 4. Sealing sleeve; 5. First liquid path; 6. Second liquid path; 7. Anchoring agent; 8. Liquid outlet hole; 9. Communication hole; 10. Connector; 11. Slide groove; 12. Slide block; 13. Piston; 14. Connection groove; 15. Connection block; 16. Tool; 17. Plastic sleeve; 18. Driving nut; 19. Locking nut; 20. Plug; 21. Liquid inlet channel; 22. Axial hole; 23. Radial hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Referring to Figures 1 - 9 , the present invention provides a technical solution: Embodiment 1: As Figures 1 - 9 shown, a mine self-drilling bolt includes a drill bit 1, an outer tube 2, an inner tube 3, and a sealing sleeve 4. The drill bit 1 is arranged at the first end of the outer tube 2. The inner tube 3 is arranged inside the outer tube 2, and a first liquid path 5 is formed between the outer tube 2 and the inner tube 3; a second liquid path 6 is formed inside the inner tube 3; The first end of the sealing sleeve 4 is connected to the drill bit 1, the second end of the sealing sleeve 4 is connected to the inner tube 3, and a liquid outlet hole 8 is provided on the sealing sleeve 4; When the outer tube 2 rotates forward or backward, the first liquid path 5 is communicated with the inside of the sealing sleeve 4 through the liquid outlet hole 8; when the outer tube 2 rotates backward or forward, the liquid outlet hole 8 and the first liquid path 5 are disconnected, and the hydraulic pressure at the end of the second liquid path 6 away from the drill bit 1 increases, pushing the anchoring agent 7.

[0022] The first liquid path 5 is provided with a communication hole 9. When the outer tube 2 rotates forward or backward, the communication hole 9 rotates relative to the liquid outlet hole 8 until the communication hole 9 and the liquid outlet hole 8 are coaxially corresponding and communicate the first liquid path 5 with the sealing sleeve 4; when the outer tube 2 rotates backward or forward, the communication hole 9 rotates relative to the liquid outlet hole 8 until they are misaligned and disconnect the first liquid path 5 from the sealing sleeve 4.

[0023] The communication hole 9 is arranged on the inner tube 3. The inner tube 3 is fixed to the outer tube 2, and a sealing is provided between the end of the inner tube 3 close to the drill bit 1 and the outer tube 2.

[0024] The second end of the sealing sleeve 4 is provided with a tool 16 for breaking the outer skin of the anchoring agent 7.

[0025] The drill bit 1 and the sealing sleeve 4 are of an integrated structure; they are welded together or fixed together by other means or directly formed integrally during processing.

[0026] Among them, the outer tube 2 is a hollow bolt. When the hollow bolt is used, it is usually used in combination with the anchoring agent 7. When applied to mine anchoring, the anchoring agent 7 is generally selected as a resin anchoring agent 7. That is, during actual construction of this embodiment, the resin anchoring agent 7 is loaded into the inner tube 3 and then used.

[0027] In this embodiment, the following slider 12 is also arranged on the drill bit 1, and the following arc-shaped chute 11 is arranged at the first end of the outer tube 2. The slider 12 can slide along the chute 11 in the chute 11 (i.e., the length of the chute 11 is greater than the length of the slider 12). The outer tube 2 is slidably connected to the drill bit 1 through the chute 11 and the slider 12, that is, the drill bit 1 can rotate relative to the outer tube 2 within a certain angle range (the corresponding radian of the chute 11). For the convenience of connection (the slider 12 enters the chute 11), the chute 11 is provided with an opening extending to the edge, and the size of the opening is adapted to the slider 12.

[0028] During drilling, the outer tube 2 is driven to rotate mechanically (which can be but is not limited to the specific structure and principle of the drill tail, drill rig / rock drill, and will not be elaborated here as it is prior art). The outer tube 2 only drives the inner tube 3 to rotate synchronously. When one groove wall of the chute 11 of the outer tube 2 contacts one side surface of the slider 12, the communication hole 9 on the inner tube 3 is coaxially corresponding to the liquid outlet hole 8. At this time, the first liquid path 5 is internally communicated with the sealing sleeve 4 through the communication hole 9 and the liquid outlet hole 8. The cooling water at the right end of the outer tube 2 enters the sealing sleeve 4 through the first liquid path 5, the communication hole 9, and the liquid outlet hole 8, and flows into the anchor hole through the liquid outlet hole 8 on the drill bit 1 to cool the drill bit 1 and discharge the slag at the same time; the outer tube 2 drives the drill bit 1 to rotate synchronously through the groove wall of the chute 11 and the slider 12, thereby realizing drilling.

[0029] When the drilling reaches the position, the outer tube 2 is driven to rotate mechanically. At this time, the rotation direction of the outer tube 2 is opposite to the rotation direction during drilling. When the outer tube 2 rotates, since the size of the chute 11 is larger than the size of the slider 12, before the other groove wall of the chute 11 rotates relative to the slider 12 and contacts the other side surface of the slider 12, the outer tube 2 only drives the inner tube 3 to rotate synchronously. The sealing ring sleeve is stationary relative to the anchor hole due to the drill bit 1 being pressed against the bottom of the anchor hole. When the inner tube 3 rotates, the communication hole 9 on the inner tube 3 is misaligned with the liquid outlet hole 8, thereby cutting off the communication between the first liquid path 5 and the inside of the sealing sleeve 4. At this time, the water pressure rises at the right end of the inner tube 3 as the water inflow increases. When the water pressure rises to be greater than the frictional force between the anchoring agent 7 and the inner tube 3, the water pushes the anchoring agent 7 to move towards the drill bit 1 until the anchoring agent 7 is extruded out of the anchor hole.

[0030] When the other groove wall of the chute 11 contacts the other side surface of the slider 12, the outer tube 2 drives the drill bit 1 to continue to rotate in the reverse direction through the other groove wall and the slider 12, thereby stirring the resin.

[0031] Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, as Figures 3 - 5 and Figure 7 shown, it further includes a connector 10. The first end of the connector 10 is in transmission connection with the drill bit 1, the second end of the connector 10 is arranged between the inner tube 3 and the sealing sleeve 4, and the communication hole 9 is arranged on the connector 10; When the outer tube 2 rotates forward or backward, it drives the connector 10 to rotate synchronously by an angle α, and then the connector 10 drives the drill bit 1 to rotate forward or backward synchronously; when the outer tube 2 rotates backward or forward, it drives the connector 10 to rotate synchronously by an angle β, and then the connector 10 drives the drill bit 1 to rotate backward or forward synchronously.

[0032] The connector 10 is of a circular sleeve structure. The connector 10 is provided with an arc-shaped chute 11 along the circumferential direction, and the drill bit 1 is provided with a slider 12 that slidably cooperates with the chute 11. An O-ring is provided outside the sealing sleeve 4, and the O-ring is used to seal the communication hole 9 when the liquid outlet hole 8 and the communication hole 9 are misaligned.

[0033] Among them, 1. For the sake of simplified assembly, an opening communicating with the chute 11 is also provided. 2. Forward and reverse refer to rotational movements in opposite directions. In this embodiment, the forward rotation is clockwise rotation, and the corresponding reverse rotation is counterclockwise rotation. 3. In this embodiment, the cutting tool 16 is a pointed cutting tool 16 to facilitate piercing the protective rubber skin outside the resin cartridge.

[0034] In this embodiment, when the connector 10 rotates forward or backward by an angle α under the action of the outer tube 2, the communication hole 9 and the liquid outlet hole 8 are coaxially aligned. At this time, the first liquid path 5 is communicated with the inside of the sealing sleeve 4, and the first liquid path 5 forms a cooling water channel for low-pressure cooling water to flow through the communication hole 9, the liquid outlet hole 8, the inside of the sealing sleeve 4, and the liquid outlet hole 8 of the drill bit 1. The low-pressure cooling water flows out through the cooling water channel to the anchor hole, thereby cooling the drill bit 1 and discharging the drilling debris at the same time.

[0035] When the anchor hole is drilled in place, the connector 10 stops when it rotates backward or forward by an angle β under the action of the outer tube 2 (it rotates forward during drilling, so it rotates backward at this time; it rotates backward during drilling, so it rotates forward at this time). The communication hole 9 and the liquid outlet hole 8 are misaligned. When they are misaligned, the O-ring corresponds coaxially with the communication hole 9 to seal the gap between the communication hole 9 and the sealing sleeve 4, thereby preventing the cooling water from leaking pressure between the communication hole 9 and the sealing sleeve 4.

[0036] At this time, the first liquid path 5 is cut off from the sealing sleeve 4, and the cooling water can only enter one end of the second liquid path 6 away from the drill bit 1. As the liquid increases, the hydraulic pressure at this end rises. When the hydraulic pressure rises to overcome the frictional force between the anchoring agent 7 and the inner tube 3, the liquid pushes the anchoring agent 7 to move towards the drill bit 1 direction and is pierced by the cutting tool 16 and then extruded from the liquid outlet hole 8 of the drill bit 1 into the anchor hole.

[0037] When the outer tube 2 continues to rotate backward or forward, it drives the connector 10 and the drill bit 1 to rotate synchronously, and thus can stir the anchoring agent 7 in the anchor hole.

[0038] Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is that, as Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, in order to improve the versatility of the inner tube 3 corresponding to the anchoring agents 7 of different sizes and models, a piston 13 adapted to the inner diameter of the inner tube 3 is further provided inside the inner tube 3, and the piston 13 is arranged at the end of the anchoring agent 7 away from the drill bit 1. The piston 13 is used to seal the end (right end) of the inner tube 3 away from the drill bit 1. Even if the outer diameter of the anchoring agent 7 is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner tube 3 (there is a gap between the anchoring agent 7 and the inner tube 3, and the embodiments 1 and 2 rely on the outer diameter of the anchoring agent 7 to be adapted to the inner diameter of the inner tube 3 to form a seal, thereby increasing the water pressure), due to the sealing of the piston 13, the water pressure at the right end of the second liquid path 6 can also be increased to push the anchoring agent 7, thereby improving the versatility of the anchor rod.

[0039] Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the drill bit 1 is provided with a connecting groove 14, and the first end of the sealing sleeve 4 is provided with a connecting block 15 that matches the connecting groove 14. The drill bit 1 is detachably connected to the sealing sleeve 4 through the connecting groove 14 and the connecting block 15.

[0040] The split design of the sealing sleeve 4 and the drill bit 1 not only facilitates the processing of the two, but also facilitates assembly.

[0041] Embodiment 5: This embodiment is based on any one of Embodiments 1-4. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the second end of the outer tube 2 is provided with a driving assembly, which is sequentially provided with a plastic sleeve 17 (the plastic sleeve 17 is made of plastic, and the specific material of the plastic is selected according to the actual required pressure resistance of the plastic sleeve 17), a driving nut 18 and a locking nut 19, and the circumscribed circle diameter of the driving nut 18 is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the locking nut 19.

[0042] It also includes a plug 20, a first end of which is connected to the outer tube 2, and a liquid inlet channel 21 is axially provided at the first end of the plug 20, and an axial hole 22 and a radial hole 23 connected to the liquid inlet channel 21 are respectively provided at the second end of the plug 20, the axial hole 22 is connected to the inside of the inner tube 3, and the radial hole 23 is connected to the first liquid path 5.

[0043] The drill / shank tail is drivingly connected to the drive nut 18 via a joint (which may be but is not limited to the joint in CN115110978B).

[0044] When the drill rig / tool steel reverses, since the outer diameter of the locking nut 19 is smaller than that of the driving nut 18, the joint only drives the driving nut 18 to reverse. However, the backward movement of the driving nut 18 is restricted by the locking nut 19. Therefore, at this time, the drill rig / tool steel drives the entire anchor rod to reverse through the driving nut 18 to achieve drilling.

[0045] When the drilling ends and rotates forward, due to the limiting effect of the plastic part on the forward movement (towards the drill bit 1) of the driving nut 18, the drill rig / tool steel drives the entire anchor rod to rotate forward through the driving nut 18. At this time, the waterway is cut off and the anchoring agent 7 is stirred when continuing to rotate forward. When the anchoring agent 7 solidifies, the external resistance of the anchor rod increases and is much greater than the strength of the plastic sleeve 17. Therefore, after the acting force of the driving nut 18 destroys the plastic sleeve 17, it advances towards the drill bit 1. This process presses the backing plate outside the anchor rod tightly against the outside of the anchor hole to apply prestress.

[0046] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be changed within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the techniques or knowledge in related fields. And any changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine self-drilling bolt, characterized in that: It comprises a drill bit, an outer tube, an inner tube and a sealing sleeve, wherein the drill bit is arranged at the first end of the outer tube, the inner tube is arranged inside the outer tube, a first fluid path is formed between the outer tube and the inner tube, and a second fluid path is formed inside the inner tube; The first end of the sealing sleeve is connected to the drill bit, the second end of the sealing sleeve is connected to the inner tube, and the sealing sleeve is provided with a liquid outlet hole; When the outer tube rotates forward or reversely, the first liquid path is connected to the inside of the sealing sleeve through the liquid outlet hole; when the outer tube rotates reversely or forward, the liquid outlet hole and the first liquid path are disconnected, and the end of the second liquid path away from the drill bit is hydraulically increased to push the anchoring agent.

2. The self-drilling bolt for mine according to claim 1, wherein: The first liquid circuit is provided with a connecting hole. When the outer tube rotates forward or reversely, the connecting hole and the liquid outlet hole rotate relative to each other until they are coaxially corresponding to each other and connect the first liquid circuit with the sealing sleeve; when the outer tube rotates reversely or forward, the connecting hole and the liquid outlet hole rotate relative to each other until they are misaligned and disconnect the first liquid circuit with the sealing sleeve.

3. The self-drilling bolt for mine according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a connector, wherein a first end of the connector is drivingly connected to the drill bit, a second end of the connector is arranged between the inner tube and the sealing sleeve, and the communicating hole is arranged on the connector; When the outer tube rotates forward or reversely, it drives the connector to rotate synchronously by an angle α, and then the connector drives the drill bit to rotate forward or reverse synchronously; when the outer tube rotates reversely or forward, it drives the connector to rotate synchronously by an angle β, and then the connector drives the drill bit to rotate reversely or forward synchronously.

4. The self-drilling bolt for mine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connector is a circular sleeve structure, the connector is provided with an arc-shaped sliding groove along the circumference, and the drill bit is provided with a sliding block that slides with the sliding groove; The inner tube is also provided with a piston matched with the inner diameter of the inner tube, and the piston is arranged at an end of the anchoring agent away from the drill bit.

5. The mine self-drilling bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that: The communicating hole is arranged on the inner tube.

6. The self-drilling bolt for mine according to claim 1, wherein: The drill bit and the sealing sleeve are an integrated structure; Or the drill bit is provided with a connecting groove, the first end of the sealing sleeve is provided with a connecting block matching the connecting groove, and the drill bit is detachably connected to the sealing sleeve via the connecting groove and the connecting block.

7. The self-drilling bolt for mine according to claim 1, wherein: A sealing ring is arranged outside the sealing sleeve, and the sealing ring is used to seal the communicating hole when the liquid outlet hole and the communicating hole are misaligned.

8. The self-drilling bolt for mine according to claim 1, wherein: The second end of the sealing sleeve is provided with a cutter for breaking the outer skin of the anchoring agent.

9. The self-drilling bolt for mine according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The second end of the outer tube is provided with a driving assembly, and the driving assembly is provided with a plastic sleeve, a driving nut and a locking nut in sequence, and the circumscribed circle diameter of the driving nut is larger than the circumscribed circle diameter of the locking nut.

10. The self-drilling bolt for mine according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: It also includes a plug, the first end of which is connected to the outer tube, and the first end of the plug is axially provided with a liquid inlet channel, the second end of the plug is respectively provided with an axial hole and a radial hole connected to the liquid inlet channel, the axial hole is connected to the interior of the inner tube, and the radial hole is connected to the first liquid path.

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