Passive Tardon wall coupled with lens array and phase change heat storage

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building energy conservation, and provides a passive Telandon wall coupled with a lens array and phase change heat storage, which comprises an original wall body, and further comprises an air heating assembly comprising a heat collecting wall and a lens layer, the heat collecting wall is fixedly connected to the outer side of the original wall body, the lens layer is arranged on the outer side of the original wall body, and the lens layer is arranged on the outer side of the original wall body; the lens layer is arranged on the heat collection wall, an air cavity is formed between the lens layer and the heat collection wall, the lens layer comprises a plurality of lens arrays with different angles, a plurality of heat absorption pit pieces are formed in the side, away from the original wall body, of the heat collection wall, the lens arrays are used for focusing sunlight heat to the heat absorption pit pieces, and the heat collection wall heats the air cavity; the ventilation assembly comprises an outer ventilation assembly used for enabling environment air to enter and exit from the air cavity and an inner ventilation assembly used for enabling indoor air to enter and exit from the air cavity. The problems of low solar energy absorptivity, poor heat transfer performance and low overall heat utilization rate of a traditional Tetradon wall can be solved, and the overall heat absorptivity is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of building energy conservation, and particularly relates to a passive Trombe wall that couples a lens array with phase change heat storage. Background Art

[0002] Currently, building energy consumption accounts for approximately 30% of the total global energy consumption, and among them, the energy consumption of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system exceeds 60% of the total building operation energy consumption. As a passive ventilation wall, the Trombe wall can utilize solar radiant energy to heat the wall and send the heat into the room through heat convection, thereby ensuring indoor comfort and reducing active energy consumption. Compared with air conditioners that rely on high-grade electric energy, the Trombe wall can effectively utilize renewable energy, has no active energy input, has great energy-saving potential, and has no by-products during operation, making it an energy-saving and environment-friendly design.

[0003] The Trombe wall is an integrated structure that combines heat collection, heat storage, and heat release, and is widely used in severe cold or cold regions with low outdoor temperatures and strong solar radiation in winter. In addition, its components can be combined with the peripheral enclosure structure for new buildings or designed as an external structure for the renovation of existing buildings, making it a flexible and adjustable building enclosure structure renovation and renewable energy utilization solution.

[0004] However, the traditional Trombe wall still has many defects. For example, the planar heat collection structure has a high effective radiation loss rate due to diffuse reflection, and under uniform heating conditions, the internal heat conduction rate of the wall is low. In addition, the influence of the movement of the sun's position and the change of the solar altitude angle is not considered, resulting in a low overall absorption rate and a limited effective action time. Therefore, there is still great room for improvement and development for the Trombe wall. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a passive Trombe wall that couples a lens array with phase change heat storage to solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: A passive Trombe wall that couples a lens array with phase change heat storage, including an original wall, and further including:

[0007] An air heating component, including a heat collection wall and a lens layer. The heat collection wall is fixedly connected to the outside of the original wall, the lens layer is arranged on the outside of the original wall, and an air cavity is formed between the lens layer and the heat collection wall. The lens layer includes a plurality of lens arrays with different angles. A plurality of heat absorption concave parts are provided on the side of the heat collection wall away from the original wall. The plurality of lens arrays are used to focus solar heat to the heat absorption concave parts, and the heat collection wall heats the air cavity;

[0008] The ventilation component includes an external ventilation component for allowing ambient air to enter and exit the air cavity and an internal ventilation component for allowing indoor air to enter and exit the air cavity.

[0009] Preferably, the heat absorption pit component includes a plurality of grooves vertically formed on the side of the heat collection wall away from the original wall, and the condensing focus of the lens layer is located in the grooves.

[0010] Preferably, the heat collection wall is made of a composite phase change material.

[0011] Preferably, the lens layer includes a plurality of vertically arranged glass curtain walls, and the plurality of glass curtain walls are fixedly connected in sequence in the horizontal direction, and an included angle is provided between two adjacent glass curtain walls;

[0012] A plurality of the lens arrays are fixedly connected to the glass curtain wall from top to bottom, and the included angles between the plurality of lens arrays and the glass curtain wall are different from each other.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of light-transmitting windows are sequentially formed on the glass curtain wall from top to bottom, and the sunlight converged by the plurality of lens arrays on one glass curtain wall respectively penetrates through the plurality of light-transmitting windows and is focused into one of the grooves.

[0014] Preferably, the lens array includes a plurality of Fresnel lenses, and the plurality of Fresnel lenses are fixedly connected by brackets and are arranged in a matrix array.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a light-transmitting protective layer fixedly connected to the outside of the original wall, the lens layer is fixedly connected in the light-transmitting protective layer, and the lens layer is arranged close to the light-transmitting protective layer.

[0016] Preferably, the external ventilation component includes an outdoor upper air valve and an outdoor lower air valve. The outdoor upper air valve is formed at the top of the light-transmitting protective layer, the outdoor lower air valve is formed at the bottom of the light-transmitting protective layer, and the air cavity is communicated with the outside through the outdoor upper air valve and the outdoor lower air valve.

[0017] Preferably, the internal ventilation component includes an indoor upper air valve and an indoor lower air valve. The indoor upper air valve and the indoor lower air valve are respectively formed on the original wall, and the indoor upper air valve and the indoor lower air valve are respectively located above and below the heat collection wall, and the air cavity is communicated with the indoor through the indoor upper air valve and the indoor lower air valve.

[0018] Preferably, an insulating layer is provided between the heat collection wall and the original wall.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] 1. The lens array of the present invention focuses sunlight, and through the angular differential design between the lens arrays, the high heat flux and the temperature of the heat collection surface at the focusing position are maximally ensured at any solar position and solar altitude angle.

[0021] 2. In the present invention, by providing heat absorption pit members on the surface of the heat collection wall and matching the focal position of the lens array with the position of the heat absorption pit members, the light can be reflected and refracted multiple times within the heat absorption pit members, increasing the residence time of the focused sunlight in the phase change heat storage module, improving the heat collection temperature, and reducing the photothermal loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a side view of the wall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the heat collection wall of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the lens layer of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the glass curtain wall of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the lens array;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the daytime operation of the present invention under cold conditions;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the nighttime operation of the present invention under cold conditions;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the daytime operation of the present invention under hot conditions;

[0031] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the nighttime operation of the present invention under hot conditions;

[0032] Among them, 1, light-transmitting protective layer; 2, lens layer; 3, outdoor upper air valve; 4, outdoor lower air valve; 5, original wall; 6, indoor upper air valve; 7, heat insulation layer; 8, heat collection wall; 9, indoor lower air valve; 10, air cavity; 11, glass curtain wall; 12, lens array; 13, light-transmitting window; 14, Fresnel lens; 15, groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0035] Referring to Figures 1 - 9 , the present invention provides a passive Trombe wall coupling a lens array and phase change heat storage, including an original wall 5, and further including:

[0036] An air heating component, including a heat collection wall 8 and a lens layer 2. The heat collection wall 8 is fixedly connected to the outside of the original wall 5. The lens layer 2 is arranged on the outside of the original wall 5, and an air cavity 10 is formed between the lens layer 2 and the heat collection wall 8. The lens layer 2 includes a plurality of lens arrays 12 with different angles. A plurality of heat absorption pit members are provided on the side of the heat collection wall 8 away from the original wall 5. The plurality of lens arrays 12 are used to focus solar heat to the heat absorption pit members, and the heat collection wall 8 heats the air cavity 10;

[0037] A ventilation component, including an external ventilation component for allowing ambient air to enter and exit the air cavity 10 and an internal ventilation component for allowing indoor air to enter and exit the air cavity 10.

[0038] The main function of the heat collection wall 8 is to store solar heat and heat the air in the air cavity 10; the main function of the lens array 12 is to focus sunlight on the heat collection wall 8; the lens arrays 12 face various angles, which can ensure that there is always a lens array that can focus sunlight at any solar position and solar altitude angle; the heat absorption pit members can increase the residence time of light on the heat collection wall 8 and reduce light energy loss; the main function of the external ventilation component is to facilitate the exchange of gas in the air cavity 10 with the external environment; the main function of the internal ventilation component is to facilitate the exchange of indoor air with the air in the air cavity 10. Overall, the present invention focuses light by setting lens arrays at various angles, ensuring that there is always a lens array that can focus sunlight to the heat collection wall at any solar position and solar altitude angle, maximizing the high heat flux and the surface temperature of the heat collection wall at any solar position and solar altitude angle; at the same time, by setting heat absorption pit members, the scattering of light on the surface of the heat collection wall is reduced, the residence time of light on the heat collection wall is increased, and the light heat loss is reduced.

[0039] For a further optimized solution, the heat-absorbing pit component includes a number of grooves 15 vertically opened on the side of the heat collection wall 8 away from the original wall 5, and the converging focus of the lens layer 2 is located within the grooves 15.

[0040] As Figure 2 shown, after the light converges in the grooves 15 through the lens array 12, the sunlight is absorbed through multiple reflections and refractions on the multi-faceted surfaces of the grooves 15, reducing the loss of diffuse reflection, enabling the heat collection wall 8 to absorb and store more heat.

[0041] Under standard test conditions (AM1.5 spectrum, irradiance 1000W / m 2 , ambient temperature 25°C), after continuous irradiation for 2 hours, the inner surface temperature of the grooves stabilizes within the range of 115°C to 125°C, and the heat conduction rate is higher than that of the traditional planar design.

[0042] For a further optimized solution, the number of the grooves 15 is determined according to the size of the original building wall 5, and is between 10 and 30. The width of a single groove 15 is 4 cm to 10 cm, and the groove depth is 10 cm.

[0043] For a further optimized solution, the heat collection wall 8 is made of a composite phase change material with a high heat storage density and an appropriate phase change temperature.

[0044] The heat collection wall 8 uses a composite phase change material with a high enthalpy value to improve the thermal efficiency, enabling the "day storage and night use" of solar energy, extending the heating duration of the wall, and being beneficial to increasing the indoor heat supply and stabilizing the indoor temperature fluctuation.

[0045] For a further optimized solution, the lens layer 2 includes a number of vertically arranged glass curtain walls 11. A number of glass curtain walls 11 are fixedly connected in sequence along the horizontal direction, and an included angle is provided between two adjacent glass curtain walls 11;

[0046] A number of lens arrays 12 are fixedly connected from top to bottom on the glass curtain wall 11, and the included angles between a number of lens arrays 12 and the glass curtain wall 11 are different from each other.

[0047] For a further optimized solution, a number of glass curtain walls 11 respectively correspond to a number of grooves 15, so that a number of lens arrays 12 on one glass curtain wall 11 can all focus the light within a corresponding groove 15.

[0048] As Figure 3 (a) shown, a number of glass curtain walls 11 are designed to be connected at a certain angle, making the overall lens layer 2 arranged in a triangular zigzag shape. This can not only improve the overall utilization rate of solar energy throughout the day, but also promote the flow and heat transfer of air in the air cavity 10.

[0049] As Figure 4As shown, a number of lens arrays 12 are set at different elevation angles, which can ensure that some of the lens arrays 12 are always directly irradiated by the sun, improving the utilization rate of solar energy.

[0050] For a further optimized solution, such as Figure 3 (b) As shown, a smooth transition form can be adopted between the two glass curtain walls 11, that is, a corrugated arrangement is presented.

[0051] For a further optimized solution, a number of light-transmitting windows 13 are successively opened on the glass curtain wall 11 from top to bottom. The sunlight converged by the number of lens arrays 12 on one glass curtain wall 11 respectively penetrates through the number of light-transmitting windows 13 and is focused into a groove 15.

[0052] For a further optimized solution, the lens array 12 includes a number of Fresnel lenses 14, and the number of Fresnel lenses 14 are fixedly connected by brackets and arranged in a matrix array.

[0053] Such as Figure 5 As shown, compared with conventional lenses, the Fresnel lens 14 has the structural advantages of being ultra-thin and lightweight. The focal length of the Fresnel lenses 14 in the lens array 12 is affected by the relative position between the lens array 12 and the groove 15. By differentially setting the focal lengths of the Fresnel lenses 14, it can be ensured that the condensing foci of the Fresnel lenses 14 match the position of the groove 15, reducing the loss of sunlight diffuse reflection.

[0054] For a further optimized solution, it also includes a light-transmitting protective layer 1 fixedly connected to the outside of the original wall 5. The lens layer 2 is fixedly connected inside the light-transmitting protective layer 1, and the lens layer 2 is arranged close to the light-transmitting protective layer 1.

[0055] Such as Figure 1 As shown, the light-transmitting protective layer 1 is made of high-transparency glass, has the characteristics of high transmittance and low reflectivity, is installed outside the lens layer 2, is used to protect the Fresnel lens 14 and prevent wind and dust, and is easy to clean.

[0056] For a further optimized solution, the external ventilation component includes an outdoor upper air valve 3 and an outdoor lower air valve 4. The outdoor upper air valve 3 is opened at the top of the light-transmitting protective layer 1, and the outdoor lower air valve 4 is opened at the bottom of the light-transmitting protective layer 1. The air cavity 10 is communicated with the outside through the outdoor upper air valve 3 and the outdoor lower air valve 4.

[0057] For a further optimized solution, the internal ventilation component includes an indoor upper air valve 6 and an indoor lower air valve 9. The indoor upper air valve 6 and the indoor lower air valve 9 are respectively opened on the original wall 5, and the indoor upper air valve 6 and the indoor lower air valve 9 are respectively located above and below the heat collection wall 8. The air cavity 10 is communicated with the indoor through the indoor upper air valve 6 and the indoor lower air valve 9.

[0058] For a further optimized solution, an insulating layer 7 is provided between the heat collection wall 8 and the original wall 5.

[0059] As Figure 1 shown, on the one hand, the heat insulation layer 7 can prevent the heat of the heat collecting wall 8 from directly conducting into the room through the original wall 5, and can avoid the heat loss caused by the indoor heat conducting to the outside through the original wall 5, playing the role of heat preservation and heat insulation.

[0060] The working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0061] 1. For the situation of heating the room under cold conditions, as Figure 6 shown. The outdoor upper air valve 3 and the outdoor lower air valve 4 are closed, and the indoor upper air valve 6 and the indoor lower air valve 9 are opened. During the day, solar radiation penetrates through the light-transmitting protective layer 1 and is focused on the groove 15 of the heat collecting wall 8 through the lens array 12, forming a local high temperature on the inner surface of the groove 15, so that the heat can be quickly conducted and stored in the heat collecting wall 8. The indoor low-temperature air enters the air cavity 10 through the indoor lower air valve 9 and is heated by the high-temperature heat collecting wall 8, and flows upward according to the principle of thermo-pressure ventilation, and then the hot air is sent into the room through the indoor upper air valve 6, playing the role of heating the room and forming an internal circulation of air.

[0062] At night (or on rainy days) when there is no solar radiation, the indoor low-temperature air enters the air cavity 10 through the indoor lower air valve 9, is heated and raised by using the heat stored in the heat collecting wall 8, and then is sent into the room through the indoor upper air valve 6 for heating, so as to ensure that the wall can achieve stable passive heating throughout the season and all times.

[0063] 2. For the ventilation and air change situation to ensure indoor air quality under cold conditions, as Figure 7 shown. The outdoor upper air valve 3 and the indoor lower air valve 9 are closed, and the outdoor lower air valve 4 and the indoor upper air valve 6 are opened. Fresh outdoor air flows in through the outdoor lower air valve 4, is heated and rises through the heat collecting wall 8, and flows into the room through the indoor upper air valve 6 to supply fresh air to the room.

[0064] In this embodiment, in order to flexibly and timely switch between the ventilation mode and the heating mode, a carbon dioxide sensor (not shown in the figure) is set indoors. When the indoor carbon dioxide concentration reaches the threshold value (such as 1000 ppm), the carbon dioxide sensor transmits a signal to the control system, and the control system controls the outdoor lower air valve 4 to open and the indoor lower air valve 9 to close for ventilation; when the indoor carbon dioxide concentration reaches a reasonable concentration, the carbon dioxide sensor transmits a signal to the control system, and the control system controls the outdoor lower air valve 4 to close and the indoor lower air valve 9 to open, switching to the heating mode, realizing the automatic control of the ventilation and heating modes based on the air quality index.

[0065] 3. Summer daytime high-temperature protection mode, as Figure 8As shown. To avoid the surface temperature of the heat collection wall 8 being too high under hot conditions, the indoor upper air valve 6 and the indoor lower air valve 9 are closed, and the outdoor upper air valve 3 and the outdoor lower air valve 4 are opened. Solar radiation is concentrated on the heat collection wall 8 by the lens array 12, causing a temperature rise. The relatively cooler air outdoors continuously enters the intermediate air layer through the outdoor lower air valve 4, takes away the heat of the heat collection wall 8, and is sent back to the external environment through the outdoor upper air valve 3. At the same time, the heat insulation layer 7 on the inner side of the heat collection wall 8 can block the transfer of heat from the external environment to the indoor, avoiding increasing the indoor cooling load in summer high-temperature situations.

[0066] 4. To ensure the indoor air quality under hot conditions, the summer night ventilation mode is as Figure 9 shown. Switching from the above high-temperature protection mode to the ventilation mode means that the indoor upper air valve 6 and the outdoor lower air valve 4 are closed, and the indoor lower air valve 9 and the outdoor upper air valve 3 are opened. By controlling the opening and closing of the building windows, air flows into the indoor from the outdoor through the windows, absorbs the indoor heat, enters the air cavity 10 through the indoor lower air valve 9, is heated by the heat collection wall 8, and is discharged to the outdoor through the outdoor upper air valve 3 to achieve the purpose of ventilation and air change.

[0067] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0068] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive Trombe wall coupling a lens array and phase change heat storage, comprising an original wall (5), characterized in that , further comprising: an air heating assembly, including a heat collection wall (8) and a lens layer (2), the heat collection wall (8) is fixedly connected to the outside of the original wall (5), the lens layer (2) is arranged on the outside of the original wall (5), and an air cavity (10) is formed between the lens layer (2) and the heat collection wall (8), the lens layer (2) includes a plurality of lens arrays (12) with different angles, a plurality of heat absorption pits are provided on the side of the heat collection wall (8) away from the original wall (5), and the plurality of lens arrays (12) are used to focus solar heat to the heat absorption pits, and the heat collection wall (8) heats the air cavity (10); a ventilation assembly, including an external ventilation assembly for allowing ambient air to enter and exit the air cavity (10) and an internal ventilation assembly for allowing indoor air to enter and exit the air cavity (10).

2. The passive Trombe wall coupling a lens array and phase change heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat absorption pits include a plurality of grooves (15) vertically opened on the side of the heat collection wall (8) away from the original wall (5), and the condensing focus of the lens layer (2) is located in the grooves (15).

3. The passive Trombe wall coupling a lens array and phase change heat storage according to claim 1, wherein: The heat collection wall (8) is made of a composite phase change material.

4. A passive Trombe wall with a coupled lens array and phase change heat storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lens layer (2) includes a plurality of vertically arranged glass curtain walls (11), the plurality of glass curtain walls (11) are fixedly connected in sequence along the horizontal direction, and an included angle is provided between two adjacent glass curtain walls (11); A plurality of the lens arrays (12) are fixedly connected to the glass curtain wall (11) from top to bottom, and the included angles between the plurality of lens arrays (12) and the glass curtain wall (11) are different.

5. A passive Trombe wall coupling a lens array and phase change heat storage according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of light-transmitting windows (13) are sequentially opened on the glass curtain wall (11) from top to bottom, and the sunlight converged by the plurality of lens arrays (12) on one glass curtain wall (11) respectively passes through the plurality of light-transmitting windows (13) and is focused into one groove (15).

6. A passive Trombe wall integrating a coupled lens array and phase change heat storage according to claim 4, wherein: The lens array (12) includes a plurality of Fresnel lenses (14), and the plurality of Fresnel lenses (14) are fixedly connected by brackets and arranged in a matrix array.

7. A passive Trombe wall coupling a lens array and phase change heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a light-transmitting protective layer (1) fixedly connected to the outside of the original wall (5), the lens layer (2) is fixedly connected in the light-transmitting protective layer (1), and the lens layer (2) is arranged close to the light-transmitting protective layer (1).

8. A passive Trombe wall coupling a lens array and phase change heat storage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The external ventilation assembly includes an outdoor upper air valve (3) and an outdoor lower air valve (4), the outdoor upper air valve (3) is opened at the top of the light-transmitting protective layer (1), the outdoor lower air valve (4) is opened at the bottom of the light-transmitting protective layer (1), and the air cavity (10) is communicated with the outside through the outdoor upper air valve (3) and the outdoor lower air valve (4).

9. A passive Trombe wall coupling a lens array and phase change heat storage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The internal ventilation assembly includes an indoor upper air valve (6) and an indoor lower air valve (9), the indoor upper air valve (6) and the indoor lower air valve (9) are respectively opened on the original wall (5), and the indoor upper air valve (6) and the indoor lower air valve (9) are respectively located above and below the heat collection wall (8), and the air cavity (10) is communicated with the indoor through the indoor upper air valve (6) and the indoor lower air valve (9).

10. A passive Trombe wall coupling a lens array and phase change heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: An insulating layer (7) is provided between the solar collecting wall (8) and the original wall (5).

Images