Method for evaluating quality of agaricus bisporus culture medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for evaluating the quality of an agaricus bisporus culture medium, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively collecting samples of a culture material and an overburden layer in the stages of primary fermentation, secondary fermentation, third spawn running, original base period, primary shiitake mushroom, secondary shiitake mushroom and third shiitake mushroom in the cultivation of the agaricus bisporus; (2) respectively measuring data of the temperature, the water content, the pH value, the total carbon content, the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the total potassium content and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the sample at each stage; (3) comparing the data with a preset standard parameter range of a corresponding stage, and calculating a deviation degree; and (4) calculating a comprehensive score based on deviation degree weighting to evaluate the quality of the agaricus bisporus culture medium. The method effectively solves the problems of single detection stage, few indexes, parameter regulation lagging, period prolonging and low efficiency in the traditional method, shortens the production period, improves the yield of the agaricus bisporus, and provides scientific guidance for industrialized production of the agaricus bisporus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly to a method for evaluating the quality of the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus. Background Art

[0002] As the most widely cultivated straw-decomposing edible mushroom globally, the yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus highly depend on the physical and chemical properties of the culture medium. The traditional cultivation process of Agaricus bisporus mainly uses structural materials such as wheat straw and rice straw as the main raw materials, and is cultivated through the processes of primary fermentation (compost maturity), secondary fermentation (pasteurization), tertiary spawn running (mycelium colonization), and casing and fruiting. In production, the quality of the culture medium directly affects the yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus.

[0003] In the prior art, the preparation of the culture material for Agaricus bisporus mostly follows the traditional fermentation process parameters, such as fixed turning frequencies, temperature and humidity ranges, etc. More critically, the existing process lacks a phased collaborative monitoring mechanism for the dynamic physical and chemical data of the double substrates of the culture material and the casing layer. Traditional evaluation methods often only rely on end-point indicators, such as maturity, etc., ignoring the phased physical and chemical changes (such as temperature, water content, pH value, carbon-nitrogen ratio, and the contents of carbon, nitrogen, and potassium, etc.) of the culture material and the casing layer during the fermentation process, and there are problems such as strong subjectivity and insufficient scientific basis. Some producers judge the quality of the substrate based on sensory indicators such as hand feeling, color, and smell, and these judgments often lack accuracy; some other producers only focus on a single physical and chemical indicator, such as water content or pH value, while ignoring the mutual influence and synergistic effect among multiple indicators. The lack of this monitoring and evaluation system directly leads to the inability to timely discover problems and carry out effective intervention during the production process of Agaricus bisporus, thereby affecting the yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus.

[0004] Therefore, developing a quality evaluation method based on the phased physical and chemical data joint judgment of the double substrates (culture material / casing layer) has become the key to breaking through the bottleneck of efficient straw utilization and achieving stable and high yields of Agaricus bisporus. And it is of great significance for optimizing the fermentation process of straw, improving the quality of the culture medium, and creating more favorable conditions for the growth of Agaricus bisporus. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the quality of the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus to solve the problems existing in the above prior art. Through the systematic detection of the physical and chemical properties of the culture material and the casing layer at seven key stages during the whole cultivation process of Agaricus bisporus, the present invention establishes a dynamic evaluation model, which can comprehensively reflect the quality change trend of the cultivation substrate and improve the scientificity and accuracy of the evaluation.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] Technical solution 1: A method for evaluating the quality of the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Collect samples of the culture medium and the covering soil layer respectively at the stages of primary fermentation, secondary fermentation, three-stage spawn-running, primordium stage, first flush, second flush and third flush of Agaricus bisporus cultivation;

[0009] (2) Measure the data of temperature, water content, pH value, total carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, total potassium content and carbon-nitrogen ratio of the samples at each stage respectively;

[0010] (3) Compare the data with the preset standard parameter range at the corresponding stage and calculate the deviation degree;

[0011] (4) Evaluate the quality of the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus by calculating the comprehensive score based on the weighted deviation degree.

[0012] Further, the preset standard parameter range is shown in Table 1.

[0013] Table 1 Parameter range during the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus

[0014]

[0015] Further, the formula for calculating the weighted deviation degree is: deviation degree = |measured value - standard midpoint value| / standard midpoint value × 100%.

[0016] Further, the comprehensive score is: comprehensive score = 100 - Σ (deviation degree × weight).

[0017] Further, the quality grade of the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus is divided into: ≥ 90 points is excellent, 80 - 89 points is good, and < 80 points requires adjustment.

[0018] Further, after evaluating the quality of the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus, the cultivation process can be optimized. The optimization includes: adjusting the addition amount of carbon source or nitrogen source according to the deviation degree of carbon-nitrogen ratio, and applying lime or organic acid according to the pH deviation degree.

[0019] Further, the sample collection needs to be mixed and sampled at 5 different positions on the mushroom bed.

[0020] Further, the near-infrared spectroscopy method is used to measure the total carbon content and water content; the chemical analysis method is used to measure the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents.

[0021] Further, for every 5-point increase in the comprehensive score, the yield increases by 8 - 12%.

[0022] Further, the method is applicable to the industrial cultivation of Agaricus bisporus using corn straw and wheat straw as raw materials.

[0023] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] Through the systematic detection of the physical and chemical properties of the culture medium and the covering soil layer at seven key stages in the whole process of Agaricus bisporus cultivation, the present invention establishes a dynamic evaluation model, which can comprehensively reflect the changing trend of the quality of the cultivation substrate, and improves the scientificity and accuracy of the evaluation. The present invention integrates a number of physical and chemical indexes such as temperature, water content, pH value, total carbon content, carbon-nitrogen ratio, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, total potassium content, etc., and calculates the comprehensive score by using the weighted average method, avoiding the limitations of single-parameter evaluation and improving the judgment accuracy. According to the targeted process optimization measures proposed for different quality grades, the present invention can timely adjust the physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrate to make it reach the state most suitable for the growth of Agaricus bisporus, effectively guiding the cultivation practice of Agaricus bisporus. The method of the present invention can shorten the production cycle, reduce resource waste, significantly improve the yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus, and has significant economic benefits by accurately evaluating the quality of the cultivation substrate and timely optimizing the fermentation process. The evaluation method established by the present invention is simple to operate, the detection indexes are clear, and the scoring standard is scientific, which is applicable to Agaricus bisporus cultivation enterprises of different scales and has broad application prospects. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes the preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0028] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the description of the present invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the description of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The description of the present invention and the examples are merely exemplary.

[0029] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. in this article, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A method for evaluating the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus, comprising the following steps:

[0032] (1) Detection results of physical and chemical properties at each stage

[0033] At the end of the first fermentation: temperature 73 °C, water content 74%, pH value 8.2, total carbon content 30%, total nitrogen content 2.0%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 15, total phosphorus content 0.8%, total potassium content 2.0%.

[0034] Second fermentation (pasteurization period): temperature 56 °C, water content 71%, pH value 7.7, total carbon content 28%, total nitrogen content 2.3%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 12.2, total phosphorus content 0.9%, total potassium content 2.1%.

[0035] At the end of the third spawn-running: temperature 25 °C, water content 69%, pH value 7.5, total carbon content 26%, total nitrogen content 2.4%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 10.8, total phosphorus content 1.0%, total potassium content 2.2%.

[0036] At the end of the primordium stage: temperature 20 °C, water content 68%, pH value 7.2, total carbon content 24%, total nitrogen content 2.5%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 9.6, total phosphorus content 1.1%, total potassium content 2.3%.

[0037] After the first flush of mushrooms: temperature 19 °C, water content 66%, pH value 7.0, total carbon content 22%, total nitrogen content 2.4%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 9.2, total phosphorus content 1.2%, total potassium content 2.4%.

[0038] Cover soil layer: water content 60%, pH value 7.5, total carbon content 10%, total nitrogen content 0.5%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 20, total phosphorus content 0.3%, total potassium content 0.7%.

[0039] (2) Calculation of comprehensive score

[0040] Calculation of deviation at the end of the first fermentation:

[0041] Temperature standard range: 70 - 75 °C, midpoint value 72.5 °C Deviation = |(73 - 72.5)| / 72.5 × 100% = 0.69%

[0042] Water content standard range: 73 - 75%, midpoint value 74% Deviation = |(74 - 74)| / 74 × 100% = 0%

[0043] pH value standard range: 7.8 - 8.6, midpoint value 8.2 Deviation = |(8.2 - 8.2)| / 8.2 × 100% = 0%

[0044] Total carbon content standard range: 28 - 32%, midpoint value 30% Deviation = |(30 - 30)| / 30 × 100% = 0%

[0045] Total nitrogen content standard range: 1.8 - 2.2%, midpoint value 2.0% Deviation = |(2.0 - 2.0)| / 2.0 × 100% = 0%

[0046] Carbon-nitrogen ratio standard range: 18 - 22, midpoint value 20 Deviation = |(15 - 20)| / 20 × 100% = 25%

[0047] Total phosphorus content standard range: 0.7 - 0.9%, midpoint value 0.8% Deviation = |(0.8 - 0.8)| / 0.8 × 100% = 0%

[0048] Total potassium content standard range: 1.8 - 2.2%, midpoint value 2.0% Deviation = |(2.0 - 2.0)| / 2.0 × 100% = 0%

[0049] Score in the first fermentation stage: Temperature score = 100 - 0.69 = 99.31 points Water content score = 100 points pH value score = 100 points Total carbon content score = 100 points Total nitrogen content score = 100 points Carbon-nitrogen ratio score = 100 - 25 = 75 points Total phosphorus content score = 100 points Total potassium content score = 100 points;

[0050] Comprehensive score in the first fermentation stage: Comprehensive score = 100 - (0.69 × 0.2 + 0 × 0.2 + 0 × 0.15 + 0 × 0.15 + 25 × 0.15 + 0 × 0.1 + 0 × 0.05) = 100 - (0.138 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 3.75 + 0 + 0) = 100 - 3.888 = 96.11 points

[0051] According to the scoring standard, the substrate quality grade in the first fermentation stage is "excellent".

[0052] Calculation of deviation in the second fermentation (pasteurization period):

[0053] Temperature standard range: 56 - 60 °C, midpoint value 58 °C. Deviation = |(56 - 58)| / 58 × 100% = 3.45%

[0054] Water content standard range: 70 - 72%, midpoint value 71%. Deviation = |(71 - 71)| / 71 × 100% = 0%

[0055] pH value standard range: 7.5 - 8.0, midpoint value 7.75. Deviation = |(7.7 - 7.75)| / 7.75 × 100% = 0.65%

[0056] Total carbon content standard range: 26 - 30%, midpoint value 28%. Deviation = |(28 - 28)| / 28 × 100% = 0%

[0057] Total nitrogen content standard range: 2.0 - 2.5%, midpoint value 2.25%. Deviation = |(2.3 - 2.25)| / 2.25 × 100% = 2.22%

[0058] Carbon-nitrogen ratio standard range: 16 - 20, midpoint value 18. Deviation = |(12.2 - 18)| / 18 × 100% = 32.22%

[0059] Total phosphorus content standard range: 0.8 - 1.0%, midpoint value 0.9%. Deviation = |(0.9 - 0.9)| / 0.9 × 100% = 0%

[0060] Total potassium content standard range: 1.9 - 2.3%, midpoint value 2.1%. Deviation = |(2.1 - 2.1)| / 2.1 × 100% = 0%

[0061] Comprehensive score in the secondary fermentation stage: Comprehensive score = 100 - (3.45 × 0.2 + 0 × 0.2 + 0.65 × 0.15 + 0 × 0.15 + 32.22 × 0.15 + 2.22 × 0.1 + 0 × 0.05) = 100 - (0.69 + 0 + 0.0975 + 0 + 4.833 + 0.222 + 0) = 100 - 5.8425 = 94.16 points

[0062] According to the scoring criteria, the substrate quality grade in the secondary fermentation stage is "excellent".

[0063] Calculation of deviation at the end of the third spawn running:

[0064] Temperature standard range: 24 - 26 °C, midpoint value 25 °C. Deviation = |(25 - 25)| / 25 × 100% = 0%

[0065] Water content standard range: 68 - 70%, midpoint value 69%. Deviation = |(69 - 69)| / 69 × 100% = 0%

[0066] Standard pH range: 7.2 - 7.8, midpoint value 7.5, deviation degree = |(7.5 - 7.5)| / 7.5 × 100% = 0%

[0067] Standard total carbon content range: 24 - 28%, midpoint value 26%, deviation degree = |(26 - 26)| / 26 × 100% = 0%

[0068] Standard total nitrogen content range: 2.2 - 2.7%, midpoint value 2.45%, deviation degree = |(2.4 - 2.45)| / 2.45 × 100% = 2.04%

[0069] Standard carbon-nitrogen ratio range: 15 - 18, midpoint value 16.5, deviation degree = |(10.8 - 16.5)| / 16.5 × 100% = 34.55%

[0070] Standard total phosphorus content range: 0.9 - 1.1%, midpoint value 1.0%, deviation degree = |(1.0 - 1.0)| / 1.0 × 100% = 0%

[0071] Standard total potassium content range: 2.0 - 2.4%, midpoint value 2.2%, deviation degree = |(2.2 - 2.2)| / 2.2 × 100% = 0%

[0072] Comprehensive score for the three-stage spawn-running period: Comprehensive score = 100 - (0 × 0.2 + 0 × 0.2 + 0 × 0.15 + 0 × 0.15 + 34.55 × 0.15 + 2.04 × 0.1 + 0 × 0.05) = 100 - (0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 5.1825 + 0.204 + 0) = 100 - 5.3865 = 94.61 points

[0073] According to the scoring standard, the substrate quality grade for the three-stage spawn-running period is "excellent".

[0074] Comprehensive score for the primordium stage: Through similar calculations, the score is 88.72 points, and the substrate quality grade is "good".

[0075] Comprehensive score for the post-first-flush stage: Through similar calculations, the score is 86.43 points, and the substrate quality grade is "good".

[0076] Comprehensive score for the casing layer: Through similar calculations, the score is 96.03 points, and the substrate quality grade is "excellent".

[0077] (3) Process adjustment and optimization

[0078] According to the scoring results, the main problem in the primordium stage and the post-first-flush stage is the low carbon-nitrogen ratio, and other parameters basically meet the requirements.

[0079] In response to the low carbon-nitrogen ratio in the primordium stage, a small amount of rice straw powder is added for adjustment.

[0080] After the first flush of mushrooms, maintain the existing cultivation conditions and appropriately strengthen ventilation.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] (1) Detection results and scores of physical and chemical properties at each stage

[0083] The same method as in Example 1 was used for detection and scoring, but the sampling method was further optimized: samples were taken at 5 different positions on the mushroom bed at each stage, mixed and then detected, improving the representativeness of the data.

[0084] Comprehensive score results at each stage:

[0085] At the end of the first fermentation: 97.22 points, quality grade "excellent"

[0086] At the end of the second fermentation: 95.13 points, quality grade "excellent"

[0087] At the end of the third spawn running: 96.43 points, quality grade "excellent"

[0088] At the end of the primordium stage: 92.18 points, quality grade "excellent"

[0089] After the first flush of mushrooms: 91.37 points, quality grade "excellent"

[0090] After the second flush of mushrooms: 88.92 points, quality grade "good"

[0091] After the third flush of mushrooms: 86.25 points, quality grade "good"

[0092] The casing layer: 96.58 points, quality grade "excellent"

[0093] (2) Process adjustment and optimization

[0094] According to the scoring results, the overall quality of the substrate at each stage remained excellent, only dropping to good after the second and third flushes of mushrooms. The main problems were the decrease in the carbon-nitrogen ratio and total carbon content, which conformed to the normal consumption pattern and did not require special adjustment.

[0095] Comparative Example 1

[0096] The same cultivation raw material formula as in Example 1 was used, but the physical and chemical indexes of the culture material were only measured once at the end of the second fermentation, and no phased monitoring was carried out.

[0097] (1) Detection results of physical and chemical properties (only at the end of the second fermentation)

[0098] Temperature 24.7 °C, water content 70.5%, pH value 7.8, total carbon content 27.5%, total nitrogen content 2.4%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 11.5, total phosphorus content 0.85%, total potassium content 2.0%.

[0099] (2) Evaluation results

[0100] Based on experience, it is considered that the substrate quality is good, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is slightly low but acceptable, and cultivation continues according to the conventional process.

[0101] (3) Problems found during cultivation

[0102] The mycelial growth was uneven during the three spawn-running stages; a serious imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio was found in local areas during the primordium stage, leading to mycelial aging; the substrate water content was too high and ventilation was poor after the first flush of mushrooms; due to the lack of dynamic monitoring, problems were not discovered and adjusted in a timely manner.

[0103] Comparative Example 2

[0104] (1) The same method as in Example 1 was used to monitor and evaluate the whole process of the culture material, but the monitoring and evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of the covering soil layer were ignored.

[0105] (2) Evaluation results of the culture material

[0106] The scores of the culture material at each stage were basically the same as those in Example 1.

[0107] (3) Problems found during cultivation

[0108] The pH value of the covering soil layer decreased significantly during cultivation, from the initial 7.5 to 6.5; the water content distribution in the covering soil layer was uneven, with some local areas being too dry or too wet; due to the lack of monitoring of the covering soil layer, the state of the covering soil layer could not be adjusted in a timely manner, affecting the formation of primordia and the occurrence of fruiting bodies.

[0109] Comparative Example 3

[0110] (1) The same cultivation raw material formula as in Example 1 was used, but monitoring was only carried out at the end of the first fermentation and the second fermentation, and only temperature, water content, and carbon-nitrogen ratio were selected as evaluation indicators, ignoring important indicators such as pH value.

[0111] (2) Test results of physical and chemical properties

[0112] At the end of the first fermentation: temperature 73°C, water content 74%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 15.

[0113] At the end of the second fermentation: temperature 24.5°C, water content 71%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 12.2.

[0114] (3) Evaluation results

[0115] According to the simplified evaluation system, the comprehensive score at the first fermentation stage was 91.67 points, and the quality grade was "excellent"; the comprehensive score at the second fermentation stage was 89.26 points, and the quality grade was "good".

[0116] (4) Problems found during cultivation

[0117] Due to the neglect of pH value monitoring, the problem of acidification of the culture medium was not discovered; during the three spawn-running stages, it was found that the pH value in local areas was too low, inhibiting the growth of mycelia; during the primordium stage, it was found that the nitrogen content in the substrate was too high, but no timely adjustment was made; the monitoring frequency was insufficient, and the best adjustment opportunity was missed.

[0118] Table 2

[0119] <![CDATA[Total output (Kg / m 2 )]]> Biological efficiency (%) Yield increase (%) Example 1 35.8 52.6 18.5 Example 2 37.2 54.7 23.2 Comparative Example 1 30.2 44.4 0 Comparative Example 2 32.5 47.8 7.6 Comparative Example 3 31.6 46.5 4.6

[0120] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the traditional single-endpoint evaluation method (Comparative Example 1), the whole-process multi-index dynamic evaluation method (Examples 1 and 2) of the present invention increased the yield of Agaricus bisporus by 18.5%-23.2%. Compared with neglecting the evaluation of the casing layer (Comparative Example 2) and simplifying the monitoring index system (Comparative Example 3), the method of the present invention also showed significant advantages. This fully proves that the method for evaluating the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus by the physical and chemical property data of the culture medium and the casing layer at different stages provided by the present invention can accurately evaluate the quality status of the substrate, timely guide the process optimization, effectively increase the yield of Agaricus bisporus and shorten the production cycle, and has significant economic benefits and practical value.

[0121] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the quality of the cultivation substrate of Agaricus bisporus, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Collect samples of the culture medium and the covering soil layer respectively at the stages of the first fermentation, the second fermentation, the third spawn-running, the primordium stage, the first flush of mushrooms, the second flush of mushrooms, and the third flush of mushrooms in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus; (2) Measure the data of the temperature, water content, pH value, total carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, total potassium content, and carbon-nitrogen ratio of the samples at each stage respectively; (3) Compare the said data with the preset standard parameter ranges at the corresponding stages and calculate the deviation degree; (4) Calculate the comprehensive score based on the weighted deviation degree to evaluate the quality of the Agaricus bisporus cultivation substrate.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The said preset standard parameter ranges include: First fermentation stage: temperature 70 - 75 °C, water content 73 - 75%, pH value 7.8 - 8.6, carbon-nitrogen ratio 18 - 22; second fermentation stage: temperature 56 - 60 °C, water content 70 - 72%, pH value 7.5 - 8.0, carbon-nitrogen ratio 16 - 20; third spawn-running stage: temperature 24 - 26 °C, water content 68 - 70%, pH value 7.2 - 7.8, carbon-nitrogen ratio 15 - 18.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The formula for the weighted deviation degree is: deviation degree = |measured value - standard midpoint value| / standard midpoint value × 100%.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The said comprehensive score is: comprehensive score = 100 - Σ (deviation degree × weight).

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quality grade of the said Agaricus bisporus cultivation substrate is classified as: ≥ 90 points is excellent, 80 - 89 points is good, and < 80 points requires adjustment.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein After evaluating the quality of the Agaricus bisporus cultivation substrate, the cultivation process can be optimized. The said optimization includes: adjusting the addition amount of carbon source or nitrogen source according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio deviation degree, and applying lime or organic acid according to the pH deviation degree.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The said sample collection needs to mix samples at 5 different positions on the mushroom bed.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The near-infrared spectroscopy method is used to measure the total carbon content and the water content; the chemical analysis method is used to measure the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, For every 5-point increase in the said comprehensive score, the yield increases by 8 - 12%.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The said method is applicable to the industrialized cultivation of Agaricus bisporus including using corn straw and wheat straw as raw materials.

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