Efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method and device, and relates to the technical field of irrigation project planning, and the method comprises the steps: calculating a first project construction area according to the drainage amount of drainage basin surface water; calculating a second engineering construction area according to the basin terrain fall; determining the minimum value of the first engineering construction area and the second engineering construction area as an irrigation planning area; based on the irrigation planning area, determining the positions of a main pipe, branch pipes and branch pipes according to topographic conditions and water source positions; the main main pipe and the branch main pipes are arranged perpendicular to or approximately perpendicular to a terrain contour line; the branch pipes are arranged in parallel or approximately parallel to contour lines; by adjusting the inner diameters of the main pipe, the branch pipes and the branch pipes, the energy consumption of water flow in the pipeline is adjusted, so that the water flow pressure of the whole irrigation system is uniformly distributed. The water resource planning and utilization level of the arid inland river basin can be effectively improved, and a method and means are provided for comprehensive planning and reasonable configuration of water resources in the arid region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of irrigation project planning, and particularly to a method and device for efficient water-saving irrigation project planning. Background Art

[0002] Water resources are important basic resources in arid regions and the lifeblood of the arid region economy. Water resource shortage is an important factor restricting the development of arid regions. Therefore, it is urgent to innovate the ways and methods of water resource development and utilization in arid regions.

[0003] The existing irrigation projects in the inland river basins of arid regions mainly divert water from rivers or reservoirs, and use main, branch, and distributary channels to transport water to the field sedimentation tank. The water flow passes through the field sedimentation tank for filtration and then enters the clear water tank. The water pump is placed in the clear water tank. During irrigation, the water flow is pressurized by the water pump and enters the field irrigation pipe network. However, this mode has the following disadvantages:

[0004] 1. When using channels to transport water to the field, first, the climate in arid regions is dry and evaporation is strong. The cross-section of the water conveyance main canal is generally trapezoidal, with a wide canal mouth and a large exposed water surface, resulting in a large evaporation loss of water conveyance. Second, although the channels are treated with concrete anti-seepage, there is still a seepage loss. Third, the water diversion openings of the channels use gates to stop water, and there is generally a small amount of water leakage. The above three aspects cause a large water loss in the water conveyance link of the channels, and the water resource utilization rate is not high.

[0005] 2. When using channels to convey water, surface debris easily enters the water body, affecting the quality of irrigation water.

[0006] 3. The water conveyance channels cover a large area, reducing the cultivated land area and destroying the integrity of the cultivated land. Moreover, the wide channels artificially form a ground barrier, affecting the passage on both sides of the channels.

[0007] 4. When micro-irrigation is used in the field, it is necessary to rely on water pumps to provide kinetic energy for the water flow, resulting in extremely high energy consumption in the irrigation area.

[0008] 5. The main drawbacks of the existing mode are as follows: There is a certain elevation difference in the irrigation from water diversion - water conveyance - water distribution in the arid inland river basins. When using channels to convey water, the existing water conveyance mode cannot utilize the terrain elevation difference between the water diversion starting point and the end point, and the gravitational potential energy of water is wasted in vain, and the overall system efficiency is not high, which is contrary to the energy conservation and high efficiency of modern agriculture.

[0009] Therefore, how to effectively reduce the agricultural irrigation energy consumption in arid inland areas and improve the intensive and economical utilization level of water resources in arid inland river basins, so as to provide methods and means for the comprehensive planning and rational allocation of water resources in arid regions, has become a technical problem urgently to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for planning an efficient water-saving irrigation project, which can effectively reduce the energy consumption of agricultural irrigation in arid inland areas, improve the intensive and economical utilization level of water resources in arid inland river basins. By using the method and related device proposed by the present invention, the intelligent screening of the construction locations of "karez" projects in the region can be realized, providing methods and means for the comprehensive utilization planning and rational allocation of water resources in arid areas.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0012] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for planning an efficient water-saving irrigation project, and the method for planning an efficient water-saving irrigation project includes:

[0013] Calculating a first project construction area according to the available surface water diversion volume of the basin.

[0014] Calculating a second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the basin.

[0015] Determining the minimum value of the first project construction area and the second project construction area as the irrigation planning area.

[0016] Based on the irrigation planning area, determining the positions of the main trunk pipe, branch main pipes, and branch pipes according to the terrain conditions and water source locations; the main trunk pipe and the branch main pipes are arranged perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the terrain contour lines; the branch pipes are arranged parallel or approximately parallel to the contour lines.

[0017] By adjusting the inner diameters of the main trunk pipe, the branch main pipes, and the branch pipes, regulating the energy consumption of the water flow in the pipeline, so that the water flow pressure in the entire irrigation system is evenly distributed.

[0018] Optionally, the calculation formula for calculating the first project construction area according to the available surface water diversion volume of the basin is:

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] wherein, A1 is the first project construction area, η is the water utilization coefficient of the pipeline, Q 可引 is the available surface water volume, is the weighted average quota of the main crops in the irrigation area, B i is the planting area of the i-th crop, M i is the irrigation quota of the i-th crop.

[0022] Optionally, calculating the second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the basin specifically includes:

[0023] Obtain irrigation area data; the irrigation area data includes: water source location, digital elevation model (DEM) of the planned irrigation area (resolution is 1m).

[0024] Crop the DEM data so that the cropped DEM data matches the boundary of the planned irrigation area; the DEM data is obtained by low-altitude remote sensing.

[0025] Determine the coordinates and elevation values of the water source outlet according to the cropped DEM data.

[0026] According to the coordinates and elevation values of the water source outlet, perpendicular to the contour lines of the irrigation area, find the points that meet the preset slope threshold.

[0027] If there are no points that meet the preset slope threshold, search within the irrigation area and determine the points that meet the preset slope threshold within the irrigation area as irrigable points.

[0028] According to the cropped DEM data, use the area above the elevation of the irrigable points as the second project construction area.

[0029] If there are points that meet the preset slope threshold, use the points that meet the preset slope threshold as the irrigable points of the irrigation area.

[0030] Determine the second project construction area according to the area above the irrigable points of the irrigation area.

[0031] Optionally, obtaining irrigation area data specifically includes:

[0032] Preprocess and crop the data source to obtain the processed data source; the data source includes: basin digital elevation model, folder named after the abbreviation of the irrigation area, longitude and latitude coordinates of the canal head and water source, regional and irrigation area name abbreviations, cultivated land area, surface water volume, crop coefficient, water conservancy engineering facilities.

[0033] Screen out the water source points, cultivated land area and irrigation area boundary that match the irrigation area name from the processed data source.

[0034] Optionally, the determination of irrigable points specifically includes:

[0035] Traverse each point in the irrigation area and calculate the spatial distance and height difference between each point and the water source point respectively.

[0036] Calculate the slope based on the spatial distance and height layer.

[0037] Determine the irrigable points of the irrigation area according to the preset slope threshold.

[0038] Optionally, calculating the second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the basin also includes:

[0039] Convert the irrigable points in the irrigation area into raster data.

[0040] Draw a topographic map based on the irrigation area boundary and the raster data.

[0041] Optionally, the calculation formula for the inner diameter of different pipelines is:

[0042] ΔH = 1.1H f干 + 1.1H f支 + H f毛 + H 滴头 ;

[0043]

[0044] where ΔH is the elevation difference between the upstream and downstream of the main pipeline, H f干 is the friction head loss along the main pipeline, H f支 is the friction head loss along the branch pipeline, H f毛 is the friction head loss along the capillary pipeline, H 滴头 is the pressure head required for the normal operation of the field irrigation device, is the calculated design flow rate of the main pipeline section, is the calculated design flow rate of the branch pipeline section, is the calculated design flow rate of the capillary pipeline section, is the inner diameter of the main pipeline, is the inner diameter of the branch pipeline, is the inner diameter of the capillary pipeline, L 干 is the length of the main pipeline, L 支 is the length of the branch pipeline, L 毛 is the length of the capillary pipeline, m is the flow index, b is the inner diameter index of the pipeline, f 干 is the friction coefficient of the main pipeline material, f 支 is the friction coefficient of the branch pipeline material, f 毛 is the friction coefficient of the capillary pipeline material.

[0045] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the computer program to implement the efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method described in any one of the above.

[0046] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method described in any one of the above.

[0047] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method described in any one of the above.

[0048] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects are disclosed by the present invention:

[0049] The present invention provides a method and device for planning an efficient water-saving irrigation project. First, calculate the first project construction area according to the available surface water diversion volume of the basin; calculate the second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the basin; determine the minimum value of the first project construction area and the second project construction area as the irrigation planning area; then, based on the irrigation planning area, determine the positions of the main trunk pipe, branch trunk pipes, and branch pipes according to the terrain conditions and the water source location; the main trunk pipe and the branch trunk pipes are arranged perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the terrain contour lines; the branch pipes are arranged parallel or approximately parallel to the contour lines; finally, by adjusting the inner diameters of the main trunk pipe, the branch trunk pipes, and the branch pipes, adjust the energy consumption of the water flow in the pipeline, so that the water flow pressure in the entire irrigation system is evenly distributed. Through the calculation model, water source location, and terrain conditions, the present invention can quickly determine the planned construction area, pipeline network layout, and complete the calculation of the pipeline network diameter by using a computer; by replacing canals with pipelines, it is possible to eliminate the evaporation and leakage losses of the water surface in canal water conveyance and distribution, save water resources, with less overall water loss in the project, and greatly improve the water resource utilization efficiency; by replacing canals with pipelines and implementing field gravity irrigation, the scale of the irrigation system can be improved, and the project management cost can be significantly reduced; at the same time, through field gravity irrigation and changing the original pump pressurized irrigation, the irrigation energy consumption can be greatly reduced, realizing green and low-carbon production in arid areas, which has important economic and social benefits; in addition, by replacing canals with pipelines, the land occupation of the irrigation project can be significantly reduced. The pipelines are buried deep underground, occupying little land, and precious land resources can be saved. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0051] Figure 1 It is an application environment diagram of a method for planning an efficient water-saving irrigation project in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of a method for planning an efficient water-saving irrigation project provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the "karez" engineering technology model provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the interface of the screening system for the construction scope of the karez project provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the architecture for determining the location and scale of the project construction according to the basin water resources quantity and terrain slope conditions provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the principle for determining the suitable range and area according to the terrain slope provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0058] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0059] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0060] According to research, the application of the karez project has a history of more than 2,000 years. It is a water conveyance facility in which our industrious and wise ancestors ingeniously led the snowmelt water seeping into the piedmont alluvial fan area to the surface in order to survive in harsh natural environments such as arid, desert, high temperature, sandy wind, and cold. It is a non-powered water conveyance project that uses gravitational potential energy to draw water for gravity flow irrigation under certain terrain slope conditions, and it is a living traditional technology and cultural heritage that is still in use and plays an important role. Due to its important historical value, status, role, and significance, it has been listed as one of the three major ancient projects in China together with the Great Wall and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. In history, the karez project has played an irreplaceable role in the existence and development of the local oasis ecosystem.

[0061] In the arid region, the longitudinal slope of inland rivers at the mountain pass is generally 1.5% - 3%, and the longitudinal slope of the ground at the lower edge of the alluvial-proluvial fan is generally 0.8% - 1.6%. Combining with the natural geographical characteristics of the inland river basin in the arid region, the present invention proposes a method for planning irrigation projects suitable for the inland river basin in the arid region, making full use of the characteristics of runoff formation, evolution and water resource distribution in the inland river basin in the arid region, and combining with the topographical and geomorphic characteristics of the inland river basin. By systematically constructing a "high-position water diversion in the mountainous area - pressurized water conveyance through long-distance pipelines - self-pressure water-saving and energy-saving irrigation in the irrigation area" system, the intensive and economical utilization level of water resources in the inland river basin in the arid region is effectively improved, in order to provide methods and means for the comprehensive planning and rational allocation of water resources in the arid region.

[0062] The efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to an application environment as Figure 1 shown. Among them, the terminal 102 communicates with the server 104 through the network. The data storage system can store the data that the server 104 needs to process. The data storage system can be set up separately, integrated on the server 104, or placed on the cloud or other servers. The terminal 102 can send the available water diversion volume of surface water in the basin and the terrain drop of the basin to the server 104. After receiving the available water diversion volume of surface water in the basin and the terrain drop of the basin, for the available water diversion volume of surface water in the basin and the terrain drop of the basin, the server 104 calculates the first project construction area according to the available water diversion volume of surface water in the basin; calculates the second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the basin; determines the minimum value of the first project construction area and the second project construction area as the irrigation planning area; based on the irrigation planning area, determines the positions of the main trunk pipe, branch main pipes and branch pipes according to the terrain conditions and the water source location; the main trunk pipe and the branch main pipes are arranged perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the terrain contour lines; the branch pipes are arranged parallel or approximately parallel to the contour lines; by adjusting the inner diameters of the main trunk pipe, the branch main pipes and the branch pipes, the energy consumption of the water flow in the pipeline is adjusted to make the water flow pressure in the whole irrigation system evenly distributed. The server 104 can feedback the obtained inner diameters of different pipelines to the terminal 102. In addition, in some embodiments, the efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method can also be implemented independently by the server 104 or the terminal 102. For example, the terminal 102 can directly carry out the self-pressure irrigation project planning for the available water diversion volume of surface water in the basin and the terrain drop of the basin, or the server 104 can obtain the available water diversion volume of surface water in the basin and the terrain drop of the basin from the data storage system, and carry out the self-pressure irrigation project planning for the surface water volume in the basin and the terrain drop of the basin.

[0063] Among them, the terminal 102 can be, but is not limited to, various desktop computers, laptop computers, smart phones and tablet computers. The server 104 can be implemented by an independent server or a server cluster composed of multiple servers, and can also be a cloud server.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, an efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method is provided. This method is executed by a computer device, specifically, it can be executed alone by a computer device such as a terminal or a server, or jointly executed by a terminal and a server. In the embodiments of the present invention, taking this method applied to Figure 1 the server 104 as an example for illustration, it includes the following steps S1 to S5.

[0065] S1: Calculate the first project construction area according to the available surface water diversion volume of the basin.

[0066] S2: Calculate the second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the basin.

[0067] S3: Determine the irrigation planning area as the minimum value of the first project construction area and the second project construction area.

[0068] S4: Based on the irrigation planning area, determine the positions of the main trunk pipe, branch main pipes, and branch pipes according to the terrain conditions and the water source location; the main trunk pipe and the branch main pipes are arranged perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the terrain contour lines; the branch pipes are arranged parallel or approximately parallel to the contour lines.

[0069] S5: Adjust the inner diameters of the main trunk pipe, the branch main pipes, and the branch pipes to regulate the energy consumption of the water flow in the pipeline, so that the water flow pressure in the entire irrigation system is evenly distributed.

[0070] Through the calculation model, water source location, and terrain conditions, the present invention can quickly determine the planned construction area, pipeline network layout, and complete the calculation of the pipeline inner diameters by using a computer. The present invention makes full use of the terrain characteristics, quickly determines the self-pressure drip irrigation construction area and pipeline layout, accurately calculates the inner diameters of different pipelines, effectively improves the water resource planning and utilization level in the inland river basins of arid areas, and provides methods and means for the comprehensive planning and rational allocation of water resources in arid areas. The present invention mainly aims at the existing irrigation mode in the inland river basins of arid areas, which uses canal water conveyance and distribution, resulting in large water volume losses, fails to make good use of the favorable terrain conditions of the basin, and causes low water resource utilization efficiency and waste of water energy resources in the entire irrigation system. Drawing on the technical essence of the ancient karez and learning from the existing research results of karez, an innovative irrigation project planning and construction method suitable for small and medium-sized river basins in arid areas is proposed, as Figure 3 shown, (using a karez project construction scope screening system, the interface diagram of which is as Figure 4As shown in the figure, water is diverted from a higher position in the basin, a grit chamber is built, pipelines are used instead of channels, and water flows into the pipelines from the grit chamber at a high position. Utilizing the topographic drop between the upper and lower ends of the pipelines, the formed pressure potential energy is used for self-pressure irrigation in the fields, innovating the construction of irrigation systems and the water-saving development model in the inland river basins of arid areas. By using pipelines instead of channels and self-pressure irrigation of water, evaporation and seepage losses of water resources in arid inland areas are reduced, water resource utilization efficiency is improved, and irrigation energy consumption in the irrigation area is lowered.

[0071] The "karez" inherits the engineering construction principle of the karez irrigation system. It makes full use of the favorable conditions of large and medium-sized mountain reservoirs in the water source project to regulate water and sediment and have small evaporation losses. In the main water conveyance project, pipelines or buried channels are used, and anti-seepage is strengthened to reduce water conveyance evaporation and seepage losses. In the field project, the water distribution and irrigation systems are transformed into pipelines and made highly efficient. Through the construction of digital twin projects, intelligent and refined operation and scheduling of the projects are realized, forming a new type of irrigation water supply system with stable water intake at the water source, closed gravity flow water conveyance, efficient field irrigation, and intelligent operation and scheduling.

[0072] As Figure 5 shown, first, calculate the first project construction area according to the surface water volume of the basin, denoted as A1. Secondly, calculate the second project construction area according to the topographic drop of the basin, denoted as A2. Compare the sizes of A1 and A2, and take the minimum value of the two. The calculation principle is as follows:

[0073] (1) Calculate the first project construction area according to the surface water volume of the basin. The calculation formula for the first project construction area is:

[0074]

[0075] where A1 is the first project construction area, that is, the irrigation area, η is the pipeline water utilization coefficient, Q 可引 is the available surface water volume, is the weighted average quota of the main crops in the irrigation area, B i is the planting area of the i-th crop, M i is the irrigation quota of the i-th crop.

[0076] (2) Calculate the second project construction area according to the topographic drop (i.e., slope condition) of the basin.

[0077] According to the current pipeline production capacity in China, the maximum diameter of fiberglass-reinforced plastic mortar pipes (FRPM) and spiral submerged arc welded pipes (SP) is 4m. Through theoretical calculation, areas with a slope greater than 0.0044 currently meet the conditions for building self-pressure irrigation projects. The schematic diagram of determining the suitable range and area according to the terrain slope is as Figure 6 shown.

[0078] As an optional implementation manner, in step S2, it specifically includes:

[0079] S21: Obtain irrigation area data; the irrigation area data includes: water source location, digital elevation model (DEM) of the planned development irrigation area (resolution is 1 m).

[0080] S22: Clip the DEM data so that the clipped DEM data matches the boundary of the planned development irrigation area; the DEM data is data obtained by low-altitude remote sensing.

[0081] S23: Determine the coordinates and elevation values of the water source outlet according to the clipped DEM data.

[0082] S24: According to the coordinates and elevation values of the water source outlet, perpendicular to the irrigation area contour lines, search for points that meet the preset slope threshold.

[0083] S25: If there are no points that meet the preset slope threshold, search within the irrigation area, and determine the points within the irrigation area that meet the preset slope threshold as irrigable points.

[0084] S26: According to the clipped DEM data, take the area above the elevation of the irrigable points as the second engineering construction area.

[0085] S27: If there are points that meet the preset slope threshold, take the points that meet the preset slope threshold as the irrigable points of the irrigation area.

[0086] S28: Determine the second engineering construction area according to the area above the irrigable points of the irrigation area.

[0087] In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in step S21, it specifically includes:

[0088] S211: Perform preprocessing and data clipping on the data source to obtain the processed data source; the data source includes: basin digital elevation model, folder named after the abbreviation of the irrigation area, longitude and latitude coordinates of the canal head and water source, abbreviation of the region and irrigation area name, cultivated land area, surface water volume, crop coefficient, water conservancy engineering facilities.

[0089] S212: Screen out the water source points, cultivated land area, and irrigation area boundary that match the irrigation area name from the processed data source.

[0090] In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in steps S25 and S27, the determination of the irrigable points specifically includes:

[0091] (1) Traverse each point in the irrigation area, and calculate the spatial distance and height difference between each point and the water source point respectively.

[0092] (2) Calculate the slope based on the spatial distance and height layer.

[0093] (3) Determine the irrigable points in the irrigation area according to the preset slope threshold.

[0094] In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, calculating the second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the watershed further includes:

[0095] S29: Convert the irrigable points in the irrigation area into raster data.

[0096] S210: Draw a topographic map according to the irrigation area boundary and the raster data.

[0097] In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, first determine the position of the main pipe. The layout of the main pipe position requires multi-path comparison, analyze the advantages and disadvantages and cost performance of each path, and determine the position of the main pipe through comparison. After the main pipe path is determined, calculate the pipe diameter. On the topographic map with contour lines, make a cross-section of the main pipe path, mark the working head required at each branch pipe point, form the hydraulic gradient line of the main pipe, adjust the hydraulic gradient line to be a straight line, and find the straight line closest to this hydraulic gradient line by adjusting the pipe diameter.

[0098] The terrain drop between the head and the end of the main trunk pipe is large, which is the main source of the working pressure of the pipe network; the main pipe is arranged parallel or approximately parallel to the contour lines, and the terrain drop between the head and the end is small, and the working pressure is mainly provided by the water flow potential energy of the main trunk pipe; the branch main pipe intersects the contour lines at a large angle, and the terrain drop between the head and the end is large, and the pressure potential energy of the branch main pipe water flow can be fully utilized to overcome the water flow energy loss; the branch pipe is arranged perpendicular to the branch main pipe and intersects the contour lines at a small angle, and the terrain drop is small, and the required pressure potential energy is provided by the water flow potential energy of the main trunk pipe. The capillary is arranged along the crop planting direction, and its working pressure is provided by the water flow pressure potential energy of the main trunk pipe.

[0099] Using formulas (3)-(6), through the calculation of different pipe inner diameters, the uniform distribution of the pressure of the entire pipe network is realized.

[0100] ΔH = 1.1H f干 +1.1H f支 +H f毛 +H 滴头 (3);

[0101]

[0102] Among them, ΔH is the height difference between the upstream and downstream of the main pipe of the pipeline, and H f干 is the head loss along the way consumed by the main pipe, and H f支 is the head loss along the way consumed by the branch pipe, and H f毛 is the head loss along the way consumed by the capillary, and H 滴头 is the pressure head required for the normal operation of the field irrigation device, is the calculated design flow of the main pipe section (m 3 / h), For calculating the designed flow rate of the branch pipe section (m 3 / h), For calculating the designed flow rate of the capillary pipe section (m 3 / h), is the inner diameter of the main pipe (mm), is the inner diameter of the branch pipe (mm), is the inner diameter of the capillary pipe (mm), L 干 is the length of the main pipe (m), L 支 is the length of the branch pipe (m), L 毛 is the length of the capillary pipe (m), m is the flow rate index, b is the inner diameter index of the pipe, f 干 is the friction coefficient of the main pipe material, f 支 is the friction coefficient of the branch pipe material, f 毛 is the friction coefficient of the capillary pipe material. When the pipe type is determined, f 干 , f 支 , f 毛 , m and b are constants.

[0103] As an optional implementation method, the following scheme is provided:

[0104] A1 Data preparation stage: The following digital elevation model (xingjiang_dem.tif); a folder named after the irrigation area abbreviation (including Shapefile format data of the irrigation area, main canal, and reservoir); the longitude and latitude coordinates of the canal head and water source; three csv tables: names_and_abbreviation.csv (area and irrigation area name abbreviation), plowland_area.csv (including irrigation area name abbreviation, cultivated land area (10,000 mu), surface water, crop coefficient, water conservancy and coefficient), points.csv (including longitude and latitude coordinates of the canal head and water source).

[0105] A2 Data preprocessing stage: Screen the missing values in the csv table through the kanerjing.py program; read the water source and cultivated land data from the csv table, and use the groupby and filter methods of Pandas, combined with logical judgments, to screen and filter out the areas with both irrigation water source points and cultivated land, and check whether the corresponding shp data of the area exists. At the same time, use the Pool of the multiprocessing library for multi-process parallel processing to improve the calculation efficiency. Use the concat method of Pandas to merge multiple DataFrames into one DataFrame and save it to a CSV file.

[0106] A3 Data Cropping Stage: The `crop_raster_with_shapefile.py` realizes the function of cropping raster data with vector data (GeoDataFrame).

[0107] A31 Ensure Consistent Coordinate Systems: First, convert the coordinate system (CRS) of the GeoDataFrame (shapefile) to the same coordinate system as the raster data. This is to ensure that the two are spatially aligned so that cropping can be performed correctly.

[0108] A32 Extract Geometries: Extract geometries from the GeoDataFrame and convert them into a format that the `rasterio.mask.mask` function can understand (using `shapely.geometry.mapping`).

[0109] A33 Crop Raster Data: Use the `rasterio.mask.mask` function to crop the raster data according to the extracted geometries. This function returns the cropped raster data array and new affine transformation information (`cropped_transform`), which describes the spatial position and size of the cropped raster data.

[0110] A34 Create a Raster File in Memory: Use `rasterio.io.MemoryFile` to create a new GeoTIFF file in memory and fill this file based on the cropped data, data type, affine transformation, coordinate system, and raster dimensions (height and width).

[0111] A35 Write the Cropped Data: Write the cropped raster data into the newly created GeoTIFF file.

[0112] A36 Return the Results: Return the cropped raster dataset object and the new affine transformation information.

[0113] A4 Data Running Stage: The `irrigation_zone_m2.py` mainly realizes calculating the area where gravity drip irrigation can be laid within the height difference range at a slope of 0.0055 under the conditions of meeting the water volume condition and the terrain height difference being greater than or equal to 30 meters. The implementation process is as follows:

[0114] A41 Load Water Source Points and Cultivated Land Areas (`load_irri_points_plow_area` method): Screen out the water source points and cultivated land area data that match the irrigation area name from the data source.

[0115] A42 Calculate the A1 value (caculate_a1 method): Use the surface water area, water utilization coefficient, and crop production coefficient in the cultivated land area file to calculate the A1 value. Among them, according to formulas (1) and (2), calculate the irrigable area of the irrigation district through water volume, denoted as A1. And calculate the area that can be controlled by the irrigation district within the elevation difference through topography, denoted as A2. The finally output irrigable area is to take the smaller value by comparing the sizes of A1 and A2. Calculating the A1 value requires the surface water area data in the surface water area, water utilization coefficient, and crop production coefficient in the cultivated land area file to be missing.

[0116] A43 Crop the DEM data and obtain the irrigation area DEM array (get_irrigation_land_dem_arrays method): Use the custom crop_raster_with_shapefile function to crop the DEM data to match the irrigation area boundary. The crop_raster_with_shapefile function specifically extracts the geometry from the prepared irrigation district vector data and crops the raster data (dem), and finally outputs the tif file of the irrigable area.

[0117] A44 Extract the DEM value of the water source point (calculate_water_source_points method): Convert the water source point coordinates to the same coordinate system as the DEM, and extract the corresponding elevation value from the DEM data.

[0118] A45 Search for new water source points (search_new_water_source_point method): Search for new water source points that meet specific elevation difference conditions within the irrigation district.

[0119] A46 Judge the elevation difference between the starting point and the water source point (verdict_start_water_source_points_dem method): If the elevation difference between the starting point and the water source point is less than 30 meters, search for new water source points and recalculate the elevation difference.

[0120] A47 Calculate the irrigable points (calculate_irrigable_points method): Traverse each point in the irrigation district, calculate its spatial distance, height difference, and slope from the water source point to determine which points are irrigable.

[0121] A48 Calculate the irrigation area (calculate_irrigable_zone method): Perform the above analysis for different slope thresholds and collect the results.

[0122] A5 Data Visualization Phase: Visualize the point data and polygon data (shapefile) of the irrigation zones.

[0123] A51 Convert the point data to raster data through the points_to_raster function: Read the DataFrame of the irrigation points, add a column with a value of 1 (indicating the presence of irrigation points), determine the boundaries and resolution of the raster based on the x and y coordinates of the points; create a raster array filled with zeros, and assign 1 to the corresponding positions according to the positions of the points; use the rasterio library to save the raster data as a GeoTIFF file. Among them, the points_to_raster function traverses each point in the irrigation area data after the A4 data running phase, and finally judges and counts the data of the irrigable points (including the longitude and latitude of the points); this function converts the point data into raster data based on the longitude and latitude of the irrigable points and assigns 1.

[0124] A52 Use the plot_data_on_map function to plot the irrigation area and raster data on the map: Use rasterio to read the raster data and convert the 0 values in it to NaN (to ignore these areas when plotting); read the shapefile of the irrigation area and transform it to an appropriate coordinate system; use matplotlib and cartopy to create a map and plot the boundaries of the irrigation area and the raster data on it; use the imshow function to overlay the raster data on the map and set appropriate color mapping and transparency; add longitude and latitude gridlines and labels, and save the final image. Among them, the plot_data_on_map function creates a map, adjusts the output raster data of the irrigable area and the vector data of the irrigation area to the same coordinate system, adds longitude and latitude grids, etc., and finally outputs the image of the irrigable area of the irrigation area to complete the visualization of the Karez irrigation area.

[0125] It should be noted that the high-level water diversion in mountainous areas is not limited to river diversion. It can also divert water through channels according to local conditions, intercept spring water, or build underground reservoirs. The pipeline in the energy storage area relies on the water flow potential energy formed by the height difference to meet the self-pressure irrigation in the downstream. All forms of water storage and water diversion projects can be used as the form of high-level water diversion.

[0126] In summary, the present invention makes full use of the topographical conditions and conveys water through pipelines, featuring water conservation, energy conservation, and labor savings in the entire irrigation project. The location and scale of the irrigation project are determined based on the water resources volume and topographical elevation difference of the basin, and the calculation of the pipeline diameter can be quickly determined with the aid of a computer. The method for pressure allocation of the self-pressure irrigation system of the present invention can achieve the pressure balance of the entire irrigation system by changing the pipe diameter size and increasing or decreasing the pipeline head loss, and it can also be achieved with the aid of a computer. The reasonable layout form of the irrigation project in the inland river basin of the arid area proposed by the present invention includes: water intake project - water diversion project - (intermediate sedimentation project) - head sedimentation project - water transmission and distribution pipeline - (mechanical filtration) - field pipe network. The project layout mainly considers the relative positions among the topography, water source, and cultivated land. According to the actual situations of water source, soil, climate, topography, etc. in the project area, and in line with the principle of "adjusting measures to local conditions", it is arranged in a concentrated and contiguous manner. In addition, the present invention proposes an idea for sediment filtration in complex surface water, that is, step-by-step filtration, which can not only reduce the filtration load of each level but also achieve the goal of filtered water quality, ultimately realizing the purpose of reasonably regulating the irrigation water quality; meanwhile, a method for precise pressure regulation is given.

[0127] Through the above analysis, it can be seen that the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0128] 1. By replacing canals with pipelines, the evaporation and seepage losses of canal water transmission and distribution can be eliminated, and the water loss can be reduced by at least 10%, saving water resources. The overall water loss of the project is small, greatly improving the water resource utilization efficiency.

[0129] 2. Through field self-pressure irrigation, replacing the original pump pressurized irrigation, the energy consumption can be reduced by 100%, greatly reducing the irrigation energy consumption, realizing green and low-carbon production in agriculture in arid areas, and having important economic and social benefits.

[0130] 3. All field irrigations adopt self-pressure drip irrigation. The working head required by the drip irrigation system and the pipeline network head loss are all supplied by the topographical elevation difference. It does not consume energy during the operation period. The water source project does not need to set up pressurization equipment and power transmission and transformation equipment, is easy to manage, has low operation cost, and the water source project has low construction cost.

[0131] 4. By replacing canals with pipelines, the project construction cost can be significantly reduced. The pipeline construction only requires excavation, pipeline laying, and backfilling, with little disturbance to the ground, avoiding large-scale excavation in canal construction. The project construction cost is low, and the economic and ecological benefits of the project construction are obvious.

[0132] 5. By replacing canals with pipelines and adopting field self-pressure irrigation, the scale of the irrigation system can be improved, and the project management cost can be significantly reduced.

[0133] The present invention also provides an application scenario, which applies the above-mentioned efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method. Specifically: The efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method provided in this embodiment can be applied to the self-pressure irrigation project planning scenario. The self-pressure irrigation project planning scenario includes: an irrigation planning area determination link, a main pipe and branch pipe position determination link, and a pipeline inner diameter adjustment link; calculating the first project construction area according to the available water volume that can be diverted from the surface water in the basin; calculating the second project construction area according to the terrain drop in the basin; determining the minimum value of the first project construction area and the second project construction area as the irrigation planning area; then, based on the irrigation planning area, determining the positions of the main trunk pipe, sub-main trunk pipe, and branch pipes according to the terrain conditions and the water source position; the main trunk pipe and the sub-main trunk pipe are arranged perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the terrain contour line; the branch pipes are arranged parallel or approximately parallel to the contour line; finally, by adjusting the inner diameters of the main trunk pipe, the sub-main trunk pipe, and the branch pipes, adjusting the energy consumption of the water flow in the pipeline, and making the water flow pressure in the entire irrigation system evenly distributed, the self-pressure irrigation project planning can be realized.

[0134] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device can be a server or a terminal, and its internal structure diagram can be as Figure 7 shown. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output interface (Input / Output, abbreviated as I / O), and a communication interface. Among them, the processor, the memory, and the input / output interface are connected through a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus through the input / output interface. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used to store the surface water volume in the basin and the terrain drop in the basin. The input / output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it realizes an efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method.

[0135] Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 7 the structure shown in

[0136] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is further provided, which includes a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory, and when the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned method embodiments are implemented.

[0137] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method embodiments are implemented.

[0138] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method embodiments are implemented.

[0139] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in the present invention are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use, and processing of relevant data need to comply with relevant regulations.

[0140] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above method embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the above method embodiments. Among them, any reference to a memory, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided by the present invention can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memories. Non-volatile memories can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memories can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM), etc.

[0141] In each of the embodiments provided by the present invention, the database involved may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include a distributed database based on blockchain, etc., and is not limited thereto. In each of the embodiments provided by the present invention, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., and is not limited thereto.

[0142] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0143] Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method, characterized in that, The efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method includes: Calculating the first project construction area according to the available surface water diversion volume of the basin; Calculating the second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the basin; Determining the minimum value of the first project construction area and the second project construction area as the irrigation planning area; Based on the irrigation planning area, determining the positions of the main trunk pipe, branch main pipes and branch pipes according to the terrain conditions and the water source location; the main trunk pipe and the branch main pipes are arranged perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the terrain contour lines; the branch pipes are arranged parallel or approximately parallel to the contour lines; By adjusting the inner diameters of the main trunk pipe, the branch main pipes and the branch pipes, regulating the energy consumption of the water flow in the pipeline to make the water flow pressure in the whole irrigation system evenly distributed.

2. The efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation formula for calculating the first project construction area according to the available surface water diversion volume of the basin is: Among them, A1 is the construction area of the first project, η is the coefficient of water utilization in pipelines, and Q 可引 is the available amount of surface water that can be diverted, is the weighted average quota of the main crops in the irrigation area, B i is the planting area of the i-th crop, M i is the irrigation quota of the i-th crop.

3. The efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that Calculating the second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the basin, specifically including: Obtaining irrigation area data; the irrigation area data includes: water source location, digital elevation model (DEM) of the planned irrigation area; Cropping the DEM data so that the cropped DEM data matches the boundary of the planned irrigation area; the DEM data is obtained by low-altitude remote sensing; According to the cropped DEM data, determining the coordinates and elevation values of the water source outlet; According to the coordinates and elevation values of the water source outlet, perpendicular to the irrigation area contour lines, searching for points that meet the preset slope threshold; If there are no points that meet the preset slope threshold, searching within the irrigation area and determining the points that meet the preset slope threshold in the irrigation area as the irrigable points; According to the cropped DEM data, taking the area above the elevation of the irrigable points as the second project construction area; If there are points that meet the preset slope threshold, taking the points that meet the preset slope threshold as the irrigable points of the irrigation area; Determining the second project construction area according to the area above the irrigable points of the irrigation area.

4. The efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method according to claim 3, characterized in that Obtaining irrigation area data, specifically including: Preprocessing and cropping the data source to obtain the processed data source; the data source includes: basin digital elevation model, folder named after the abbreviation of the irrigation area, longitude and latitude coordinates of the canal head and water source, regional and irrigation area name abbreviations, cultivated land area, surface water volume, crop coefficient, water conservancy project facilities; Screening out the water source points, cultivated land area and irrigation area boundary that match the irrigation area name from the processed data source.

5. The efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method according to claim 3, characterized in that The determination of the irrigable points, specifically including: Traversing each point in the irrigation area and calculating the spatial distance and height difference between each point and the water source point respectively; Calculating the slope based on the spatial distance and height difference; Determining the irrigable points of the irrigation area according to the preset slope threshold.

6. The efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method according to claim 3, characterized in that Calculating the second project construction area according to the terrain drop of the basin further includes: Converting the irrigable points of the irrigation area into raster data; Drawing a topographic map according to the irrigation area boundary and the raster data.

7. The efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculation formulas for different pipe inner diameters are: ΔH = 1.1H f干 + 1.1H f支 + H f毛 + H 滴头 ; Among them, ΔH is the elevation difference between the upstream and downstream of the main pipeline, H f干 is the head loss due to friction in the main pipeline, H f支 is the head loss due to friction in the branch pipeline, H f毛 is the head loss due to friction in the capillary pipeline, H 滴头 is the pressure head required for the normal operation of the field irrigation device, is the designed flow rate for calculating the main pipeline section, is the designed flow rate for calculating the branch pipeline section, is the designed flow rate for calculating the capillary pipeline section, is the inner diameter of the main pipeline, is the inner diameter of the branch pipeline, is the inner diameter of the capillary pipeline, L 干 is the length of the main pipeline, L 支 is the length of the branch pipeline, L 毛 is the length of the capillary pipeline, m is the flow rate index, b is the inner diameter index of the pipeline, f 干 is the friction coefficient of the main pipeline material, f 支 is the friction coefficient of the branch pipeline material, f 毛 is the friction coefficient of the capillary pipeline material.

8. A computer device, comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the efficient water-saving irrigation project planning method described in any one of claims 1-7.

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