Underground multi-layer switch control device and data processing method and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground multi-layer switch control device and a data processing method and a using method thereof.The underground multi-layer switch control device comprises a ground control part and at least one underground control part, the ground control part and the underground control part are connected through a single-core cable, the number of the underground control part is at least one, and the single-core cable is connected with the ground control part. Each of the ground control part and the underground control part comprises a controller, and a signal transmitting module, a signal receiving module, an auxiliary module and an overcurrent protection circuit which are connected with the controller; the signal sending module has a signal modulation function; the ground control part further comprises a power supply conversion module. When a remote communication signal is received, the underground multi-layer switch control device conducts self-adaptive adjustment according to the signal strength, through decoding optimization, the device has the communication self-adaptive capacity for different well depths and different underground layer numbers, and the communication success rate is increased; current protection circuits are designed on the ground and underground, and when a certain layer breaks down, stable operation of other layers is not affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil extraction, and more specifically, to a downhole multi-layer switch control device, its data processing method, and its usage method. Background Art

[0002] In China, the types of oil reservoirs in oilfields are complex and diverse, and the development years of oilfields are long. It is more difficult to maintain stable production and increase production in old oilfields. The key to further improving the recovery rate is to achieve fine water injection development and layered oil production. With the increasing improvement of intelligent completion systems for injection and production wells at home and abroad, the demand for intelligent separate production and injection technologies for oil and water wells is becoming more and more urgent. At present, the technologies for controlling downhole valves from the ground mainly include various control technologies such as electric control, hydraulic control, electro-hydraulic composite control, and liquid pressure pulse control. Among them, the electric control method has developed rapidly due to its fast communication speed and high communication success rate.

[0003] The electric control method uses a single-core cable to provide power and transmit signals to the downhole from the ground. In the actual application process, various factors affect signal transmission. Due to different oil well depths, the line losses generated by signals on the single-core cable are different; the high-temperature environment downhole will also affect the performance of circuit components, resulting in unstable signal amplification factors; the noise and interference existing along the single-core cable will also affect signal transmission; the change in the number of downhole layers causes the cable current to change, and the line loss when the signal is transmitted on the single-core cable will also change. Therefore, well depth, formation temperature, noise and interference, the number of downhole layers, etc. will all have a greater impact on signal transmission, resulting in an increase in the communication error rate.

[0004] Publication (Announcement) No.: CN215818136U discloses a half-duplex adaptive communication system based on a single-core cable. This patent only provides a signal decoding gain adaptive circuit in the ground control device. During the communication process, line losses, noise, and interference will also affect the communication signals sent from the ground to the downhole, resulting in communication failures. If the downhole cannot receive signals normally or the downhole also uses the decoding gain adaptive circuit on the ground, the gain adaptive adjustment process in the patent cannot be realized. Therefore, this patent cannot truly achieve the gain adaptive adjustment of two-way communication between the ground and the downhole.

[0005] Publication (Announcement) No.: CN111236902A discloses an intelligent data regulation and control system for oilfield injection wells. This patent combines single-chip microcomputer technology and sensor technology, and can realize the acquisition, storage, transmission of pressure, temperature, flow rate, and water nozzle data, as well as the intelligent regulation of water injection volume. This patent does not mention the influence of high temperature, line losses, noise, and interference on long-distance signal transmission during the communication process and the corresponding countermeasures.

[0006] Publication (Announcement) Number: CN113014290B, which discloses an underground two-way communication system based on DC carrier. The terminal main control module of this patent processes data and performs corresponding tasks such as controlling the tunneling direction and angle of the drill bit. The patent does not mention the influence of communication distance, application environment temperature, and other underground application environments on communication effects and solutions.

[0007] In summary, the technical solutions, the technical problems to be solved, and the beneficial effects of the above-disclosed technologies are all different from those of the present invention. Regarding more technical features, technical problems to be solved, and beneficial effects of the present invention, there is no technical inspiration in the above-disclosed technical documents. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Aiming at the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an underground multi-layer switch control device, its data processing method, and usage method. When the ground and the underground receive long-distance communication signals, they perform adaptive adjustment according to the signal strength, and through decoding optimization, the device has communication adaptability to different well depths and the number of underground layers, improving the communication success rate. Both the ground and underground circuits are designed with overcurrent protection circuits, so that when a fault occurs in a certain underground layer, it does not affect the stable operation of other layers.

[0009] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] An underground multi-layer switch control device includes a ground control part and an underground control part. The ground control part and the underground control part are connected by a single-core cable. At least one underground control part is provided. Both the ground control part and the underground control part include a controller, a signal sending module, a signal receiving module, an accessory module, and an overcurrent protection circuit connected to the controller. The signal sending module has a signal modulation function. The ground control part further includes a power conversion module.

[0011] Further, the controller in the ground control part is the first controller, the signal sending module is the first signal sending module, the signal receiving module is the first signal receiving module, the accessory module is the ground accessory module, and the overcurrent protection circuit is the first overcurrent protection circuit;

[0012] Specifically, the first signal sending module includes a connected first signal coupling circuit and a first pulse position modulation circuit. The first signal coupling circuit is connected to the single-core cable. The first pulse position modulation circuit is connected to the first controller;

[0013] Specifically, the first signal receiving module includes a first filtering circuit, a first adaptive amplification circuit, and a first hysteresis comparison circuit connected in sequence. The first filtering circuit is connected to the single-core cable, and the first adaptive amplification circuit and the first hysteresis comparison circuit are respectively connected to the first controller;

[0014] Specifically, the power conversion module is connected to a single-core cable.

[0015] Furthermore, the ground accessory module includes a data display module, a floor selection input module, and an opening degree input module;

[0016] Specifically, the data display module, the floor selection input module, and the opening degree input module are respectively connected to the first controller.

[0017] Furthermore, in the downhole control section, the controller is the second controller, the signal sending module is the second signal sending module, the signal receiving module is the second signal receiving module, the accessory module is the downhole accessory module, and the overcurrent protection circuit is the second overcurrent protection circuit;

[0018] Specifically, the second signal sending module includes a second signal coupling circuit and a second pulse position modulation circuit connected together; the second signal coupling circuit is connected to the single-core cable; the second pulse position modulation circuit is connected to the second controller;

[0019] Specifically, the second signal receiving module includes a second filter circuit, a second adaptive amplification circuit, and a second hysteresis comparison circuit connected in sequence; the second filter circuit is connected to the single-core cable, and the second adaptive amplification circuit and the second hysteresis comparison circuit are respectively connected to the second controller.

[0020] Furthermore, the downhole accessory module includes a motor drive module and a pressure detection module;

[0021] Specifically, the motor drive module and the pressure detection module are respectively connected to the second controller.

[0022] Furthermore, the first controller is the first single-chip microcomputer; the second controller is the second single-chip microcomputer.

[0023] Furthermore, an output resistance adjustment chip is provided at the serial ports of the first and second single-chip microcomputers, or an analog switch chip is provided between the first and second adaptive amplification circuits and the ports of the first and second single-chip microcomputers, and the first and second single-chip microcomputers can control the analog switch chip to select different external resistances through output signals.

[0024] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0025] A data processing method for an underground multi-layer switch control device includes the following steps:

[0026] S1. Ground controller adaptive decoding process: sending data, receiving data, judging timeout, refining data, data verification, outputting results;

[0027] S2. Adaptive decoding process of downhole controller: Receive data, refine data, perform data verification, and output results.

[0028] Further, S1. Adaptive decoding process of surface controller:

[0029] A1. After the first controller in the surface control part sends a signal, it waits to receive a return signal; determines whether the received signal times out and counts the consecutive timeout times;

[0030] A2. When the received return signal does not time out, after receiving the signal, reduce the influence of strong interference by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval; determine whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit based on the time interval between pulse rising edges; compare the received data with the preset command to determine whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, and count the consecutive number of data error events;

[0031] If the received return signal times out, make a judgment based on the consecutive timeout times. When the consecutive timeout times are less than or equal to Y times, start from A1 again. When the consecutive timeout times are greater than Y times, display a downhole communication fault;

[0032] A3. When determining whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, if there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, adjust according to the number of error events; if the consecutive number of error events is less than or equal to X times, start from A1 again; if the consecutive number of error events is greater than X times, automatically increase the magnification of the first amplifier circuit and start from A1 again until the error code or lost code phenomenon disappears;

[0033] If there is no error code or lost code phenomenon, display the received data.

[0034] Further, S2. Adaptive decoding process of downhole controller:

[0035] B1. After the second controller in the downhole control part receives the signal, decode the signal, reduce the influence of strong interference by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval, and reduce the influence of signal distortion on communication; determine whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit based on the time interval between pulse rising edges; compare the received data with the preset command to determine whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, and count the consecutive number of received data error events;

[0036] B2. Judge according to the consecutive number of data error events. If the consecutive number of received data error events is less than or equal to X times, start from B1 again. If the consecutive number of received data error events is greater than X times, automatically increase the magnification of the second amplifier circuit until the error code or lost code phenomenon disappears;

[0037] B3. After successfully receiving the data, execute the motor drive module and the pressure detection module according to the received data, and encode and output the returned data.

[0038] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0039] A method for using an underground multi-layer switch control device, comprising the following steps:

[0040] F1. Input the floor selection information and opening information, and the first controller of the ground control part sends out information;

[0041] F2. The underground control part amplifies, denoises, and arranges the data;

[0042] F3. The second controller of the underground control part processes the data and issues an execution command;

[0043] F4. The first controller receives the returned data, amplifies, denoises, and arranges the data;

[0044] F5. The first controller processes the data and displays the result.

[0045] Further, in F1, on-site staff input the floor selection information and opening information. After the first controller of the ground control part receives the signal from the ground accessory module, it encodes the signal and outputs an encoded signal to control the first pulse position modulation circuit, modulates the data into a pulse train with the same width, the same amplitude, and different time intervals, and couples the pulse signal to a single-core cable through a capacitor. The power conversion module converts alternating current into direct current and transmits it to the underground through the single-core cable. The single-core cable simultaneously serves as the communication channel between the ground control part and the underground control part;

[0046] Specifically, in F2, the underground control part obtains the signal sent by the ground control part through the single-core cable; then passes through a filter circuit to filter out the high-frequency noise in the signal; then performs adaptive amplification and hysteresis comparison, and arranges it into a pulse signal to be provided to the second controller;

[0047] Specifically, in F4, after the first controller of the ground control part sends out a signal, it waits to receive the returned signal; the ground control part obtains the signal sent by the underground control part through the single-core cable; then passes through a filter circuit to filter out the high-frequency noise in the signal; then performs adaptive amplification and hysteresis comparison, and arranges it into a pulse signal to be provided to the second controller.

[0048] Further, in F3, after receiving the signal, the second controller decodes the signal, determines whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit by the time interval between the pulse rising edges; reduces the influence of strong interference by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval, and reduces the influence of signal distortion on communication; compares the received data with the preset command to determine whether there is an error code or a lost code. If it occurs continuously for X times, the amplification factor of the second amplifier circuit is automatically increased until there is no error code or lost code. After successfully receiving the data, the motor drive module and the pressure detection module are executed according to the received data, and the returned data is encoded and output.

[0049] Specifically, in F5, after receiving the signal, the first controller decodes the signal, determines whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit by the time interval between the pulse rising edges; reduces the influence of strong interference by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval; compares the received data with the preset command to determine whether there is an error code or a lost code. If it occurs continuously for X times, the amplification factor of the first amplifier circuit is automatically increased until there is no error code or lost code. If the reception of the return signal times out and occurs continuously for Y times, a downhole communication fault is displayed.

[0050] Further, when the ground control part communicates with the downhole control part, each downhole layer control part identifies which downhole layer the ground control part requests to communicate with based on the received address information, and the ground control part identifies the information returned by which downhole layer control part based on the returned address information.

[0051] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0052] 1. When receiving long-distance communication signals, the downhole multi-layer switch control device performs adaptive adjustment according to the signal strength, and through decoding optimization, the device has communication adaptability for different well depths and different downhole layer numbers, improving the communication success rate.

[0053] 2. Current protection circuits are designed on the ground and in the downhole. When a fault occurs in a certain layer, it does not affect the stable operation of other layers. Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a downhole multi-layer switch control device of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pulse signal structure of a downhole multi-layer switch control device of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 is a block diagram of the data processing method of the first single-chip microcomputer of a downhole multi-layer switch control device of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4It is a block diagram of the data processing method of the second single-chip microcomputer of an underground multi-layer switch control device of the present invention; Specific embodiments

[0058] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of the protection circuit of the present invention.

[0059] Embodiment 1:

[0060] Please refer to Figures 1 to 2 , an underground multi-layer switch control device provided by the present invention includes a ground control part and an underground control part. The ground control part and the underground control part are connected by a single-core cable, and at least one underground control part is provided.

[0061] The ground control part includes a first controller and a first signal sending module, a first signal receiving module, a ground accessory module, a first overcurrent protection circuit, and a power conversion module connected to the first controller.

[0062] The first controller is a first single-chip microcomputer; the first signal sending module includes a first signal coupling circuit and a first pulse position modulation circuit connected in series; the first signal coupling circuit is connected to the single-core cable; the first pulse position modulation circuit is connected to the first controller; the first signal receiving module includes a first filter circuit, a first adaptive amplification circuit, and a first hysteresis comparison circuit connected in sequence; the first filter circuit is connected to the single-core cable, and the first adaptive amplification circuit and the first hysteresis comparison circuit are respectively connected to the first controller; the power conversion module is connected to the single-core cable.

[0063] The ground accessory module includes a data display module, a layer selection input module, and an opening degree input module; the data display module, the layer selection input module, and the opening degree input module are respectively connected to the first single-chip microcomputer.

[0064] The underground control part includes a second controller and a second signal sending module, a second signal receiving module, an underground accessory module, and a second overcurrent protection circuit connected to the second controller.

[0065] The second controller is a second single-chip microcomputer; the second signal transmission module includes a second signal coupling circuit and a second pulse position modulation circuit connected in series; the second signal coupling circuit is connected to a single-core cable; the second pulse position modulation circuit is connected to the second controller; the second signal reception module includes a second filtering circuit, a second adaptive amplification circuit, and a second hysteresis comparison circuit connected in series; the second filtering circuit is connected to the single-core cable, and the second adaptive amplification circuit and the second hysteresis comparison circuit are respectively connected to the second single-chip microcomputer.

[0066] The downhole accessory module includes a motor drive device and a pressure detection device; the motor drive device and the pressure detection device are respectively connected to the second single-chip microcomputer.

[0067] The power conversion module converts 220V alternating current into 50 - 110V direct current, which is transmitted to the downhole through a single-core cable to provide power for the downhole control part. The single-core cable also serves as a communication channel between the ground control part and the downhole control part.

[0068] Both the first and second single-chip microcomputers have encoding and decoding functions.

[0069] The communication signals sent by the first and second single-chip microcomputers are processed by the first and second pulse position modulation circuits. The first and second single-chip microcomputers output encoded signals to control the first and second pulse position modulation circuits, modulate the data into pulse trains with the same width, amplitude, and different time intervals, and couple the pulse signals onto the single-core cable through a capacitor. The signals modulated by the first and second pulse position modulation circuits can be transmitted over a distance of up to 5000m through the single-core cable.

[0070] The modulation signal is as Figure 2 shown. The time interval t0 of the pulse rising edge represents the synchronization bit, t1 represents the digital signal 1, and t2 represents the digital signal 0.

[0071] The communication signal is a set of frame data: each frame of data transmits one byte of data, and each frame of data contains 10 bits of data: 1 bit of synchronization bit, 8 bits of data, and 1 bit of parity check bit.

[0072] Whether it is the ground control part or the downhole control part, when receiving a signal, the data part in the signal is obtained through the single-core cable; then, through the first and second filtering circuits, the high-frequency noise in the signal is filtered out; then, it is amplified by the first and second adaptive amplification circuits, and finally, the first and second hysteresis comparison circuits organize it into a 3.3V pulse signal and provide it to the first and second single-chip microcomputers.

[0073] There are various ways to implement the amplification factors of the first and second adaptive amplification circuits. A dedicated chip can be used, and the first and second single-chip microcomputers adjust the output resistance value of the chip through the serial port. Alternatively, the first and second single-chip microcomputer ports can output signals to control the analog switch chip to select different external resistors.

[0074] The first and second single-chip microcomputers decode the received signals to obtain data.

[0075] Embodiment 2:

[0076] This embodiment provides a data processing method for this device:

[0077] S1. The adaptive decoding process of the first single-chip microcomputer is as Figure 3 shown:

[0078] A1. After the first single-chip microcomputer in the ground control part sends a signal, it waits to receive the return signal; determines whether the received signal times out and counts the consecutive timeout times;

[0079] A2. When the received return signal does not time out, after receiving the signal, the influence of strong interference is reduced by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval; it is determined whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit by the time interval between the rising edges of the pulses; the received data is compared with the preset command to determine whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, and the consecutive number of data error events is counted;

[0080] If the received return signal times out, it is judged according to the consecutive timeout times. When the consecutive timeout times are less than or equal to ten times, start from A1 again. When the consecutive timeout times are greater than ten times, display the downhole communication failure;

[0081] A3. When judging whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon,

[0082] If there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, it is adjusted according to the number of error events; when the consecutive number of error events is less than or equal to three times, start from A1 again; when the consecutive number of error events is greater than three times, automatically increase the magnification of the first amplification circuit and start from A1 again until the error code or the lost code phenomenon disappears;

[0083] If there is no error code or lost code phenomenon, display the received data;

[0084] S2. The adaptive decoding process of the second single-chip microcomputer is as Figure 4 shown:

[0085] After the second single-chip microcomputer in the downhole control section receives the signal, it decodes the signal, reduces the influence of strong interference by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval, and reduces the influence of signal distortion on communication; it judges whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit based on the time interval between the rising edges of the pulses; it compares the received data with the preset command to judge whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, and counts the continuous number of received data error events;

[0086] B2. According to the judgment of the continuous number of received data error events, if the continuous number of received data error events is less than or equal to three, start over from B1. If the continuous number of received data error events is greater than three, automatically increase the magnification of the amplifier circuit until the error code or lost code phenomenon disappears.

[0087] After successfully receiving the data, execute the motor drive module and the pressure detection module according to the received data, and encode and output the returned data.

[0088] Current protection circuits are designed for the ground and downhole control sections, so that when a fault occurs in a certain layer, it does not affect the stable operation of other layers.

[0089] Embodiment 3:

[0090] Specific usage method of this device:

[0091] F1. The on-site staff inputs the floor selection information and the opening information. After the first single-chip microcomputer in the ground control section receives the signal from the ground accessory module, it encodes the signal and outputs the encoded signal to control the first pulse position modulation circuit, modulates the data into a pulse train with the same width, the same amplitude, and different time intervals, and couples the pulse signal to the single-core cable through a capacitor. The power conversion module converts 220V alternating current into 50 - 110V direct current, transmits it to the downhole through the single-core cable, provides power for the downhole control section, and the single-core cable also serves as the communication channel between the ground control section and the downhole control section;

[0092] F2. The downhole control section obtains the signal sent by the ground control section through the single-core cable; then passes through the filter circuit to filter out the high-frequency noise in the signal; then performs adaptive amplification and hysteresis comparison, and arranges it into a 3.3V pulse signal to provide it to the second single-chip microcomputer;

[0093] F3. After receiving the signal, the second single-chip microcomputer decodes the signal, and determines whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit by the time interval between the rising edges of the pulses; reduces the influence of strong interference by setting the upper and lower limit values of the time interval, and reduces the influence of signal distortion on communication; compares the received data with the preset command to determine whether there is an error code or a lost code. If it occurs three times continuously, the amplification circuit multiple is automatically increased until there is no error code or lost code. After successfully receiving the data, the motor drive module and the pressure detection module are executed according to the received data, and the returned data is encoded and output;

[0094] F4. After the first single-chip microcomputer in the ground control part sends out a signal, it waits to receive the returned signal;

[0095] The ground control part obtains the signal sent by the downhole control part through a single-core cable; then passes through a filter circuit to filter out the high-frequency noise in the signal; then performs adaptive amplification and hysteresis comparison, and arranges it into a 3.3V pulse signal to provide to the first single-chip microcomputer;

[0096] F5. After receiving the signal, the first single-chip microcomputer decodes the signal, and determines whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit by the time interval between the rising edges of the pulses; reduces the influence of strong interference by setting the upper and lower limit values of the time interval; compares the received data with the preset command to determine whether there is an error code or a lost code. If it occurs three times continuously, the amplification circuit multiple is automatically increased until there is no error code or lost code. If the timeout for receiving the returned signal occurs ten times continuously, a downhole communication fault is displayed;

[0097] F6. When the ground control part communicates with the downhole control part, each downhole layer control part identifies which layer of the downhole the ground control part requests to communicate with through the received address information, and the ground control part identifies the information returned by which downhole layer control part through the returned address information.

[0098] In this application, all the parts themselves that are not elaborated and the connection methods of the various parts in this application belong to the well-known technologies in the technical field. They can be directly applied and will not be elaborated further.

[0099] In the present invention, the term "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined. Terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0100] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0101] In the description of this specification, the descriptions of terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or instance. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0102] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underground multi-layer switch control device includes a ground control part and an underground control part. The ground control part and the underground control part are connected by a single-core cable, and at least one underground control part is provided. It is characterized in that Both the ground control part and the underground control part include a controller, a signal sending module, a signal receiving module, an accessory module, and an overcurrent protection circuit connected to the controller. The signal sending module has a signal modulation function. The ground control part further includes a power conversion module.

2. The downhole multi-layer switch control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the ground control part, the controller is the first controller, the signal sending module is the first signal sending module, the signal receiving module is the first signal receiving module, the accessory module is the ground accessory module, and the overcurrent protection circuit is the first overcurrent protection circuit. The first signal sending module includes a connected first signal coupling circuit and a first pulse position modulation circuit. The first signal coupling circuit is connected to the single-core cable. The first pulse position modulation circuit is connected to the first controller. The first signal receiving module includes a first filter circuit, a first adaptive amplification circuit, and a first hysteresis comparison circuit connected in sequence. The first filter circuit is connected to the single-core cable. The first adaptive amplification circuit and the first hysteresis comparison circuit are respectively connected to the first controller. The power conversion module is connected to the single-core cable.

3. The downhole multi-layer switch control device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ground accessory module includes a data display module, a layer selection input module, and an opening degree input module. The data display module, the layer selection input module, and the opening degree input module are respectively connected to the first controller.

4. The downhole multi-layer switch control device according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the underground control part, the controller is the second controller, the signal sending module is the second signal sending module, the signal receiving module is the second signal receiving module, the accessory module is the underground accessory module, and the overcurrent protection circuit is the second overcurrent protection circuit. The second signal sending module includes a connected second signal coupling circuit and a second pulse position modulation circuit. The second signal coupling circuit is connected to the single-core cable. The second pulse position modulation circuit is connected to the second controller. The second signal receiving module includes a second filter circuit, a second adaptive amplification circuit, and a second hysteresis comparison circuit connected in sequence. The second filter circuit is connected to the single-core cable. The second adaptive amplification circuit and the second hysteresis comparison circuit are respectively connected to the second controller.

5. The downhole multi-layer switch control device according to claim 4, wherein, The underground accessory module includes a motor drive module and a pressure detection module. The motor drive module and the pressure detection module are respectively connected to the second controller.

6. The downhole multi-layer switch control device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first controller is the first single-chip microcomputer; the second controller is the second single-chip microcomputer.

7. The downhole multi-layer switch control device according to claim 6, characterized in that, An output resistance adjustment chip is set at the serial port of the first and second single-chip microcomputers, or an analog switch chip is set between the first and second adaptive amplification circuits and the ports of the first and second single-chip microcomputers, and the first and second single-chip microcomputers can control the analog switch chip to select different external resistances through output signals.

8. A data processing method for an underground multi-layer switch control device, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Ground controller adaptive decoding process: sending data, receiving data, judging timeout, refining data, data verification, outputting results. S2. Underground controller adaptive decoding process: receiving data, refining data, data verification, outputting results.

9. The data processing method of an underground multi-layer switch control device according to claim 8, characterized in that, S1. Ground controller adaptive decoding process: A1. After the first controller of the ground control part sends a signal, it waits to receive a return signal; determines whether the received signal times out, and counts the number of consecutive timeouts. A2. If the received return signal does not time out, after receiving the signal, the influence of strong interference is reduced by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval; it is judged whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit through the time interval between the rising edges of the pulses; the received data is compared with the preset command to judge whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, and the continuous number of data error events is counted. If the received return signal times out, it is judged according to the number of consecutive timeouts. When the number of consecutive timeouts is less than or equal to Y times, it starts from A1 again. When the number of consecutive timeouts is greater than Y times, a downhole communication fault is displayed. A3. When judging whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, if there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, it is adjusted according to the number of error events. If the continuous number of error events is less than or equal to X times, it starts from A1 again. If the continuous number of error events is greater than X times, the magnification of the first amplifier circuit is automatically increased, and it starts from A1 again until the error code or lost code phenomenon disappears. If there is no error code or lost code phenomenon, the received data is displayed.

10. The data processing method of an underground multi-layer switch control device according to claim 8, characterized in that, S2. The adaptive decoding process of the downhole controller: B1. After the second controller of the downhole control part receives the signal, it decodes the signal, reduces the influence of strong interference by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval, and reduces the influence of signal distortion on communication; it is judged whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit through the time interval between the rising edges of the pulses; the received data is compared with the preset command to judge whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon, and the continuous number of received data error events is counted. B2. According to the judgment of the continuous number of data error events, if the continuous number of received data error events is less than or equal to X times, it starts from B1 again. If the continuous number of received data error events is greater than X times, the magnification of the second amplifier circuit is automatically increased until the error code or lost code phenomenon disappears. B3. After successfully receiving the data, the motor drive module and the pressure detection module are executed according to the received data, and the returned data is encoded and output.

11. A method for using an underground multi-layer switch control device, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: F1. Input the floor selection information and opening information, and the first controller of the ground control part sends out information. F2. The downhole control part performs data amplification, noise reduction, and sorting. F3. The second controller of the downhole control part processes the data and issues an execution command. F4. The first controller receives the returned data and performs data amplification, noise reduction, and sorting. F5. The first controller processes the data and displays the result.

12. The method for using a downhole multi-layer switch control device according to claim 11, wherein In F1, on-site staff input floor selection information and opening information. After the first controller of the ground control section receives the signal from the ground accessory module, it encodes the signal and outputs an encoded signal to control the first pulse position modulation circuit, modulating the data into a pulse train with the same width, the same amplitude, and different time intervals, and coupling the pulse signal onto a single-core cable through a capacitor. The power conversion module converts alternating current into direct current and transmits it to the underground through the single-core cable. The single-core cable also serves as the communication channel between the ground control section and the underground control section. In F2, the underground control section obtains the signal sent by the ground control section through the single-core cable. Then, through a filter circuit, the high-frequency noise in the signal is filtered out; then, it is adaptively amplified and hysteresis-compared, and sorted into a pulse signal to be provided to the second controller. In F4, after the first controller of the ground control section sends out a signal, it waits to receive the return signal. The ground control section obtains the signal sent by the underground control section through the single-core cable; then, through a filter circuit, the high-frequency noise in the signal is filtered out; then, it is adaptively amplified and hysteresis-compared, and sorted into a pulse signal to be provided to the second controller.

13. The usage method of an underground multi-layer switch control device according to claim 12, characterized in that In F3, after the second controller receives the signal, it decodes the signal, and judges whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit by the time interval between the pulse rising edges; by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval, the influence of stronger interference is reduced, and the influence of signal distortion on communication is reduced; the received data is compared with the preset command to judge whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon. If it occurs continuously for X times, the magnification of the second amplification circuit is automatically increased until there is no error code or lost code phenomenon. After successfully receiving the data, the motor drive module and the pressure detection module are executed according to the received data, and the returned data is encoded and output. In F5, after the first controller receives the signal, it decodes the signal, and judges whether it is a synchronization bit or a data bit by the time interval between the pulse rising edges; by setting the upper and lower limits of the time interval, the influence of stronger interference is reduced; the received data is compared with the preset command to judge whether there is an error code or a lost code phenomenon. If it occurs continuously for X times, the magnification of the first amplification circuit is automatically increased until there is no error code or lost code phenomenon. If the reception of the return signal times out and occurs continuously for Y times, an underground communication fault is displayed.

14. The usage method of an underground multi-layer switch control device according to claim 13, characterized in that, When the ground control section communicates with the underground control section, each underground layer control section identifies which layer of the underground the ground control section requests to communicate with through the received address information, and the ground control section identifies the information returned by which underground layer control section through the returned address information.

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