Hydrogen fuel cell engine tail gas waste heat recovery device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell engine tail gas waste heat recovery device which comprises an engine, an air inlet pipe, a first-stage exhaust pipe, a second-stage exhaust pipe, an exhaust port, a thermal power generation component, a dust removal component and an angle adjusting flow guide part. The gas inlet pipe is connected with the first-stage exhaust pipe and the second-stage exhaust pipe, the first-stage exhaust pipe is fixedly connected with the exhaust port, and the second-stage exhaust pipe is fixedly connected with the thermal power generation component. Optimal distribution of energy is achieved through bypass emission, power generation is conducted through the thermal power generation component according to the temperature difference, dust removal is conducted on the thermal power generation component through the dust removal component, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and therefore the power generation efficiency is influenced, on the premise that safety and efficiency are guaranteed, tail gas waste heat can be used for power generation, the power generation efficiency is high, maintenance is convenient, and ecological and environment-friendly effects are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, and particularly to a device for recovering waste heat from the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle makes hydrogen or hydrogen-containing substances react with oxygen in the air in a fuel cell to generate electricity to drive an electric motor, and the vehicle is driven by the electric motor, which has the advantages of high efficiency, cleanliness, comfort, zero emissions, etc.

[0003] In the prior art, a system for recovering waste heat by using the Rankine Cycle has been disclosed. Generally, the Rankine Cycle mainly includes a pressurizing device (such as a pump), a heat exchange device (such as an evaporator), an energy conversion device (such as an expander), and a cooling device (such as a condenser). When in use, the pump boosts the pressure of a medium (such as water) and then exchanges heat with the high-temperature engine exhaust gas on the evaporator. The medium is heated and vaporized until it becomes superheated steam, and then enters the expander to do work. The low-pressure steam after doing work enters the condenser and is cooled and condensed into a liquid state, and then returns to the pump to complete a cycle.

[0004] After this process, it is equivalent to converting the waste heat of the engine exhaust gas into utilizable mechanical energy to achieve the recovery and utilization of energy.

[0005] Although the efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle engine is greatly improved compared with that of an internal combustion engine, a large amount of waste heat is still generated during operation. Since most of the generated waste heat is directly volatilized, the waste heat generated by the engine cannot be recovered and utilized, resulting in the direct discharge of the exhaust gas waste heat, which will cause energy loss and exacerbate the urban heat island effect.

[0006] Currently, the Chinese invention with the application number 201610268447.6 discloses an integrated device for purifying automobile exhaust gas and recovering waste heat. Although it can effectively recover the waste heat of the automobile exhaust gas and convert it into electric energy to drive the internal exhaust gas purification device, there is still only one pipeline for exhaust, and at the same time, it is necessary to generate electricity and purify the exhaust gas, which will increase the exhaust resistance of the engine, and the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Moreover, it does not have a dust removal device. When used for a long time, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange surface will decrease, resulting in failures. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the prior art cannot achieve optimal energy distribution. Using the waste heat of the exhaust gas to generate electricity is likely to cause too high pressure and temperature in the pipe, resulting in power loss, increasing the exhaust resistance of the engine, increasing the maintenance cost, and not having a dust removal device. When the device is used for a long time, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange surface will decrease, thus causing failures.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine, which includes an engine, an intake pipe, a primary exhaust pipe, a secondary exhaust pipe, an exhaust port, a thermoelectric power generation component, a dust removal component, and an adjustable-angle flow deflector. The engine is connected to the intake pipe, the intake pipe is respectively connected to the primary exhaust pipe and the secondary exhaust pipe, the primary exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the exhaust port, the secondary exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the thermoelectric power generation component, the secondary exhaust pipe is provided with an adjustable-angle flow deflector, and the thermoelectric power generation component is fixedly connected to the dust removal component; The thermoelectric power generation component uses the waste heat of the exhaust gas for thermoelectric power generation; The dust removal component is used to improve the energy exchange efficiency of the heat transfer surface; The adjustable-angle flow deflector is used to adjust the exhaust rate of the exhaust gas.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to the present invention, wherein: the thermoelectric power generation component includes a heat conduction gasket, a semiconductor power generation chip, and a water cooling component. One end of the semiconductor power generation chip is fixedly connected to the heat conduction gasket, and the other end of the semiconductor power generation chip is closely arranged against the water cooling component. The heat conduction gasket is fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to the present invention, wherein: the water cooling component includes a water pump, a circulation pipe, fins, and a water tank. The water pump is connected to the circulation pipe, the circulation pipe is closely arranged against the fins, and the water tank is connected to the water pump and the circulation pipe.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to the present invention, wherein: the dust removal component includes a cam, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a pull rod, a fixed rod, a piston, an air pipe, an intake valve, an outlet pipe, an outlet valve, a compression chamber, a nozzle, and a dust collection component. The cam is rotationally connected to the first connecting rod, the first connecting rod is rotationally connected to the second connecting rod, the second connecting rod is rotationally connected to the fixed rod, the other end of the second connecting rod is rotationally connected to the pull rod, the pull rod is fixedly connected to the piston, the piston is slidably connected to the compression chamber, both sides of the bottom end of the compression chamber are respectively connected to the air pipe and the outlet pipe, the air pipe is provided with an intake valve, the outlet pipe is provided with an outlet valve, the outlet pipe is connected to the nozzle, and the nozzle is arranged facing the dust collection component.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to the present invention, the dust collection assembly includes a dust collection cloth, a first spring, a coil, a second spring, an armature, a dust collection box, a chute bracket, a pressure sensor, and a housing. The dust collection cloth is fixedly connected to the first spring, the first spring is fixedly connected to the chute bracket, the other end of the dust collection cloth is rotatably connected to the chute bracket, the dust collection cloth is fixedly connected to the armature, the chute bracket is fixedly connected to the coil, the coil is fixedly connected to the second spring, the second spring abuts against the armature, a dust collection box is arranged at the lower end of the dust collection cloth, the dust collection box is slidably connected to the chute bracket, the chute bracket is fixedly connected to the housing, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the dust collection cloth.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to the present invention, the angle-adjusting flow guide member includes a turbine, a rotating shaft, a fixing plate, a nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle, and a support frame. The turbine is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft, the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle, and both ends of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe through the support frame. There are several groups of the fixing plate and the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to the present invention, the cam is provided with a rotating column.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to the present invention, the housing is provided with a collection port and an air hole.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to the present invention, the intake valve and the exhaust valve have the same structure. The intake valve includes a valve and a third spring. The valve is sleeved with the third spring, and the valve is slidably connected to the outlet pipe.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to the present invention, the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle is made of nickel-titanium alloy with a memory function and will return to its original state when heated.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention preheats the engine through the angle-adjusting flow guide member, which can improve the low-temperature endurance of the hydrogen fuel engine. The optimal distribution of energy is achieved through the bypass discharge. The thermoelectric power generation component generates electricity according to the temperature difference, and the dust removal component removes dust from the thermoelectric power generation component to improve the heat exchange efficiency, thereby affecting the power generation efficiency. The present invention can generate electricity using the waste heat of the exhaust gas on the premise of ensuring safety and efficiency, with high power generation efficiency, convenient maintenance, and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The overall structural schematic diagram of a waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 2 The structural schematic diagram of a dust removal component of a waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 3 The structural schematic diagram of a dust collection assembly of a waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of a water cooling assembly of a waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5 The structural schematic diagram of an angle adjustment deflector of a waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 6 The explosion schematic diagram of a thermal power generation component of a waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 7 The structural schematic diagram of a housing of a waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 8 The sectional view of a compression chamber of a waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Reference numerals: engine 1; intake pipe 2; primary exhaust pipe 3; secondary exhaust pipe 4; exhaust port 31; thermal power generation component 5; heat conduction gasket 51; semiconductor power generation chip 52; water cooling assembly 53; water pump 531; circulation pipe 532; fin 533; water tank 534; dust removal component 6; cam 61; rotating column 611; first connecting rod 62; second connecting rod 63; pull rod 64; fixed rod 65; valve 6711; third spring 6712; piston 66; air pipe 67; outlet pipe 672; intake valve 671; outlet valve 673; compression chamber 68; nozzle 69; dust collection assembly 8; dust collection cloth 81; first spring 82; coil 83; second spring 84; armature 85; dust collection box 86; chute support 861; pressure sensor 87; housing 88; collection port 881; air hole 882; angle adjustment deflector 7; turbine 71; rotating shaft 72; fixing plate 73; nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74; support frame 75. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the following provides a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0029] Example, refer to Figures 1-8 , this example provides a device for recovering waste heat from the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine, including an engine 1, an intake pipe 2, a primary exhaust pipe 3, a secondary exhaust pipe 4, an exhaust port 31, a thermoelectric power generation component 5, a dust removal component 6, and an adjustable angle deflector 7. The engine 1 is connected to the intake pipe 2, the intake pipe 2 is respectively connected to the primary exhaust pipe 3 and the secondary exhaust pipe 4, the primary exhaust pipe 3 is fixedly connected to the exhaust port 31, the secondary exhaust pipe 4 is fixedly connected to the thermoelectric power generation component 5, the secondary exhaust pipe 4 is provided with an adjustable angle deflector 7, and the thermoelectric power generation component 5 is fixedly connected to the dust removal component 6; The thermoelectric power generation component 5 uses the waste heat of the exhaust gas for thermoelectric power generation; The dust removal component 6 is used to improve the energy exchange efficiency of the heat exchange surface; The adjustable angle deflector 7 is used to adjust the exhaust gas discharge rate.

[0030] Preferably in this embodiment, when the engine 1 is cold-started, the exhaust gas temperature is relatively low at this time, and the fan blades of the adjustable angle deflector 7 are in an extended state at this time, extending the residence time of the exhaust gas in the secondary exhaust pipe 4, so that the temperature inside the pipe rises rapidly, completing the preheating of the engine 1, and improving the low-temperature endurance of the hydrogen fuel engine; The exhaust gas discharged from the engine 1 is split from the intake pipe 2. Part of it flows out through the primary exhaust pipe 3 via the exhaust port 31, and the other part enters the secondary exhaust pipe 4 to provide a heat source for the thermoelectric power generation component 5. The purpose of the bypass emission design is to achieve the optimal distribution of energy on the premise of ensuring safety and efficiency. If the full flow passes through, the pressure and temperature are too high, which is likely to cause power loss, increase the exhaust resistance of the engine, and increase the maintenance cost; The thermoelectric power generation component 5 generates electricity according to the temperature difference. The dust removal component 6 removes dust from the thermoelectric power generation component 5 to prevent the heat exchange surface from being covered with dust, affecting the heat exchange efficiency and thus the power generation efficiency. Secondly, the dust removal component 6 can also increase the temperature difference of the thermoelectric power generation component 5, further improving the power generation efficiency.

[0031] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 7 , the thermoelectric power generation component 5 includes a heat conduction gasket 51, a semiconductor power generation chip 52, and a water cooling component 53. One end of the semiconductor power generation chip 52 is fixedly connected to the heat conduction gasket 51, the other end of the semiconductor power generation chip 52 is closely attached to the water cooling component 53, and the heat conduction gasket 51 is fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe 4.

[0032] Preferably, in this embodiment, the exhaust gas passes through the secondary exhaust pipe 4, and the heat is transferred to the heat conducting gasket 51. The heat conducting gasket 51 transfers the heat to the hot end of the semiconductor power generation sheet 52. The water cooling component 53 is connected to the cold end of the semiconductor power generation sheet 52. According to the Seebeck effect, the semiconductor power generation sheet 52 can generate a voltage difference by using the temperature difference, thereby generating electricity and converting the thermal energy into electrical energy for storage.

[0033] Referring to Figure 4 , the water cooling component 53 includes a water pump 531, a circulation pipe 532, fins 533 and a water tank 534. The water pump 531 is connected to the circulation pipe 532. The circulation pipe 532 is disposed closely against the fins 533. The water tank 534 is connected to the water pump 531 and the circulation pipe 532.

[0034] Preferably, in this embodiment, the water pump 531 pumps out the cold water in the water tank 534 and flows through the circulation pipe 532. The circulation pipe 532 cools the fins 533, thereby increasing the temperature of the cold end of the semiconductor power generation sheet 52, increasing the temperature difference, and improving the power generation efficiency.

[0035] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 8 , the dust removal component 6 includes a cam 61, a first connecting rod 62, a second connecting rod 63, a pull rod 64, a fixed rod 65, a piston 66, an air pipe 67, an intake valve 671, an exhaust pipe 672, an exhaust valve 673, a compression chamber 68, a spray pipe 69 and a dust collection assembly 8. The cam 61 is rotatably connected to the first connecting rod 62. The first connecting rod 62 is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod 63. The second connecting rod 63 is rotatably connected to the fixed rod 65. The other end of the second connecting rod 63 is rotatably connected to the pull rod 64. The pull rod 64 is fixedly connected to the piston 66. The piston 66 is slidably connected to the compression chamber 68. Both sides of the bottom end of the compression chamber 68 are respectively connected to the air pipe 67 and the exhaust pipe 672. The air pipe 67 is provided with the intake valve 671. The exhaust pipe 672 is provided with the exhaust valve 673. The exhaust pipe 672 is connected to the spray pipe 69. The spray pipe 69 is disposed facing the dust collection assembly 8.

[0036] Preferably, in this embodiment, the rotation of the cam 61 drives the rotation of the first connecting rod 62. The first connecting rod 62 drives the rotation of the second connecting rod 63. The second connecting rod 63 drives the pull rod 64 to reciprocate up and down. The pull rod 64 drives the piston 66 to move up and down. When the piston 66 rises, a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure is generated in the compression chamber 68, and the intake valve 671 opens, and the external gas enters the compression chamber 68, and the intake valve 671 closes. When the piston 66 descends, the volume of the air begins to decrease, and the air is compressed, driving the exhaust valve 673 to open, thereby squeezing the air into the spray pipe 69, thereby blowing a high-pressure air flow onto the fins 533, thereby blowing away the dust on the fins 533. The dust is collected by the dust collection assembly 8 for periodic cleaning.

[0037] Referring to Figure 3, the dust collection assembly 8 includes a dust collection cloth 81, a first spring 82, a coil 83, a second spring 84, an armature 85, a dust collection box 86, a chute bracket 861, a pressure sensor 87 and a housing 88. The dust collection cloth 81 is fixedly connected to the first spring 82, the first spring 82 is fixedly connected to the chute bracket 861, the other end of the dust collection cloth 81 is rotatably connected to the chute bracket 861, the dust collection cloth 81 is fixedly connected to the armature 85, the chute bracket 861 is fixedly connected to the coil 83, the coil 83 is fixedly connected to the second spring 84, the second spring 84 abuts against the armature 85, a dust collection box 86 is arranged at the lower end of the dust collection cloth 81, the dust collection box 86 is slidably connected to the chute bracket 861, the chute bracket 861 is fixedly connected to the housing 88, and a pressure sensor 87 is arranged on the dust collection cloth 81.

[0038] Preferably in this embodiment, dust is blown onto the dust collection cloth 81, and the dust collection cloth 81 collects dust of a certain weight. When it exceeds a certain threshold, the pressure sensor 87 controls the coil 83 to be energized, and the coil 83 generates a magnetic force, thereby attracting the armature 85. The armature 85 drives the dust collection cloth 81 to vibrate, so as to shake the dust into the dust collection box 86. When the dust is shaken off, the pressure sensor 87 controls the coil 83 to be de-energized, so that the magnetic force disappears, and the coil 83 and the armature 85 are separated. Under the action of the first spring 82 and the second spring 84, the dust collection cloth 81 vibrates again and resets.

[0039] Refer to Figure 5 , the angle adjustment deflector 7 includes a turbine 71, a rotating shaft 72, a fixing plate 73, a nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74 and a support frame 75. The turbine 71 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 72, the fixing plate 73 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 72, the fixing plate 73 is fixedly connected to the nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74, and both ends of the rotating shaft 72 are fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe 4 through the support frame 75. There are several groups of the fixing plate 73 and the nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74.

[0040] Preferably in this embodiment, the exhaust gas impacts and drives the turbine 71 to rotate. The turbine 71 drives the rotating shaft 72 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 72 drives the dust removal member 6 to rotate. When the engine 1 is cold-started, the exhaust gas temperature is relatively low at this time, and the fan blades of the nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74 are in an extended state at this time, prolonging the residence time of the exhaust gas in the secondary exhaust pipe 4, so that the temperature in the pipe rises rapidly, completing the preheating of the engine 1, and improving the low-temperature endurance of the hydrogen fuel engine. When the temperature rises to the normal level, the nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74 shrinks.

[0041] Refer to Figure 2 , the cam 61 is provided with a rotating column 611.

[0042] Preferably in this embodiment, the cam 61 can drive the reciprocating push of the first connecting rod 62.

[0043] Refer to Figure 7 , the housing 88 is provided with a collection port 881 and a ventilation hole 882.

[0044] Preferably, in this embodiment, dust can be quickly and periodically taken out through the collection port 881, and the air hole 882 can dissipate heat.

[0045] Refer to Figure 8 , the intake valve 671 and the exhaust valve 673 have the same structure. The intake valve 671 includes a valve 6711 and a third spring 6712. The valve 6711 is sleeved with the third spring 6712, and the valve 6711 is slidably connected to the outlet pipe 672.

[0046] Preferably, in this embodiment, when the valve 6711 moves downward, the third spring 6712 is compressed and can return to its original state.

[0047] Refer to Figure 5 , the nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74 is made of nickel-titanium alloy and has a memory function, and will return to its original state when heated.

[0048] Preferably, in this embodiment, the nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74 shrinks at high temperature and extends at low temperature, and can be affected by temperature to restore the shrunk state memory. By adjusting the angle of the nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74, it is convenient to perform thermoelectric power generation under different temperature conditions.

[0049] Working principle: When the engine 1 is cold-started, the exhaust temperature is relatively low at this time. The fan blades of the angle-adjusting deflector 7 are in the extended state at this time. The exhaust gas impacts and drives the turbine 71 to rotate. The turbine 71 drives the rotating shaft 72 to rotate. When the engine 1 is cold-started, the exhaust temperature is relatively low at this time. The fan blades of the nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74 are in the extended state at this time, extending the residence time of the exhaust gas in the secondary exhaust pipe 4, so that the temperature in the pipe rises rapidly, completing the preheating of the engine 1, and can improve the low-temperature endurance of the hydrogen fuel engine. When the temperature rises to the normal level, the nickel-titanium alloy curve baffle 74 shrinks; The exhaust gas discharged from the engine 1 is shunted from the intake pipe 2. Part of it flows out through the primary exhaust pipe 3 and the exhaust port 31, and the other part enters the secondary exhaust pipe 4 to provide heat source for the thermoelectric power generation component 5. The purpose of the bypass emission design is to achieve the optimal distribution of energy on the premise of ensuring safety and efficiency. If the full flow passes through, the pressure is too high and the temperature is too high, which is easy to cause power loss, increase the exhaust resistance of the engine, and increase the maintenance cost; The exhaust gas passes through the secondary exhaust pipe 4, and the heat is transferred to the heat conducting gasket 51. The heat conducting gasket 51 transfers the heat to the hot end of the semiconductor power generation sheet 52. The water pump 531 pumps out the cold water in the water tank 534 and flows through the circulation pipe 532. The circulation pipe 532 cools the fins 533, thereby increasing the temperature of the cold end of the semiconductor power generation sheet 52, increasing the temperature difference, and improving the power generation efficiency. According to the Seebeck effect, the semiconductor power generation sheet 52 can utilize the temperature difference to generate a voltage difference, thereby generating electricity and storing the thermal energy as electrical energy; The rotating shaft 72 drives the cam 61 to rotate, which drives the first connecting rod 62 to rotate. The first connecting rod 62 drives the second connecting rod 63 to rotate, and the second connecting rod 63 drives the pull rod 64 to reciprocate up and down. The pull rod 64 drives the piston 66 to move up and down. When the piston 66 rises, the compression chamber 68 generates a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, and the intake valve 671 opens, allowing external gas to enter the compression chamber 68. The intake valve 671 closes. When the piston 66 descends, the volume of air starts to decrease, and the air is compressed, driving the outlet valve 673 to open, thus squeezing the air into the nozzle 69, and high-pressure air flow is blown out onto the fin 533, thereby blowing away the dust on the fin 533. The dust is blown onto the dust collection cloth 81. The dust collection cloth 81 collects a certain weight of dust. When it exceeds a certain threshold, the pressure sensor 87 controls the coil 83 to be energized. The coil 83 generates a magnetic force, thus attracting the armature 85. The armature 85 drives the dust collection cloth 81 to vibrate, thus shaking the dust into the dust collection box 86. When the dust is shaken off, the pressure sensor 87 controls the coil 83 to be de-energized, so that the magnetic force disappears, and the coil 83 and the armature 85 are separated. Under the action of the first spring 82 and the second spring 84, the dust collection cloth 81 vibrates again and resets. The dust collection box 86 is quickly taken out through the collection port 881 for periodic cleaning; This device can achieve optimal energy distribution. On the premise of ensuring safety and efficiency, it uses the waste heat of the exhaust gas to generate electricity, with relatively high power generation efficiency, convenient maintenance, and environmental protection.

Claims

1. A device for recovering waste heat from the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine, characterized in that: It includes an engine (1), an intake pipe (2), a primary exhaust pipe (3), a secondary exhaust pipe (4), an exhaust port (31), a thermoelectric power generation component (5), a dust removal component (6), and an angle-adjusting flow deflector (7). The engine (1) is connected to the intake pipe (2), the intake pipe (2) is respectively connected to the primary exhaust pipe (3) and the secondary exhaust pipe (4), the primary exhaust pipe (3) is fixedly connected to the exhaust port (31), the secondary exhaust pipe (4) is fixedly connected to the thermoelectric power generation component (5), the secondary exhaust pipe (4) is provided with the angle-adjusting flow deflector (7), and the thermoelectric power generation component (5) is fixedly connected to the dust removal component (6); The thermoelectric power generation component (5) uses the waste heat of the tail gas for thermoelectric power generation; The dust removal component (6) includes a cam (61), a first connecting rod (62), a second connecting rod (63), a pull rod (64), a fixed rod (65), a piston (66), an air pipe (67), an intake valve (671), an outlet pipe (672), an outlet valve (673), a compression chamber (68), a nozzle (69), and a dust collection assembly (8). The cam (61) is rotatably connected to the first connecting rod (62), the first connecting rod (62) is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod (63), the second connecting rod (63) is rotatably connected to the fixed rod (65), the other end of the second connecting rod (63) is rotatably connected to the pull rod (64), the pull rod (64) is fixedly connected to the piston (66), the piston (66) is slidably connected to the compression chamber (68), both sides of the bottom end of the compression chamber (68) are respectively connected to the air pipe (67) and the outlet pipe (672), the air pipe (67) is provided with the intake valve (671), the outlet pipe (672) is provided with the outlet valve (673), the outlet pipe (672) is connected to the nozzle (69), and the nozzle (69) is arranged facing the dust collection assembly (8); The angle-adjusting flow deflector (7) is used to adjust the exhaust rate of the tail gas.

2. The waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric power generation component (5) includes a heat-conducting gasket (51), a semiconductor power generation chip (52), and a water-cooling assembly (53). One end of the semiconductor power generation chip (52) is fixedly connected to the heat-conducting gasket (51), the other end of the semiconductor power generation chip (52) is closely attached to the water-cooling assembly (53), and the heat-conducting gasket (51) is fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe (4).

3. The waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to claim 2, wherein: The water-cooling assembly (53) includes a water pump (531), a circulation pipe (532), fins (533), and a water tank (534). The water pump (531) is connected to the circulation pipe (532), the circulation pipe (532) is closely attached to the fins (533), and the water tank (534) is connected to the water pump (531) and the circulation pipe (532).

4. The waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust collection assembly (8) includes a dust collection cloth (81), a first spring (82), a coil (83), a second spring (84), an armature (85), a dust collection box (86), a chute bracket (861), a pressure sensor (87), and a housing (88). The dust collection cloth (81) is fixedly connected to the first spring (82), the first spring (82) is fixedly connected to the chute bracket (861), the other end of the dust collection cloth (81) is rotatably connected to the chute bracket (861), the dust collection cloth (81) is fixedly connected to the armature (85), the chute bracket (861) is fixedly connected to the coil (83), the coil (83) is fixedly connected to the second spring (84), the second spring (84) abuts against the armature (85), a dust collection box (86) is arranged at the lower end of the dust collection cloth (81), the dust collection box (86) is slidably connected to the chute bracket (861), the chute bracket (861) is fixedly connected to the housing (88), and a pressure sensor (87) is arranged on the dust collection cloth (81).

5. The waste heat recovery device for the exhaust gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle-adjusting flow deflector (7) includes a turbine (71), a rotating shaft (72), a fixing plate (73), a nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74), and a support frame (75). The turbine (71) is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (72), the fixing plate (73) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (72), the fixing plate (73) is fixedly connected to the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74), and both ends of the rotating shaft (72) are fixedly connected to the secondary exhaust pipe (4) through the support frame (75). There are several groups of the fixing plate (73) and the nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74).

6. The waste heat recovery device for the tail gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to claim 1, wherein: The cam (61) is provided with a rotating column (611).

7. The waste heat recovery device for the tail gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The housing (88) is provided with a collection port (881) and air holes (882).

8. The waste heat recovery device for the tail gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to claim 1, wherein: The intake valve (671) and the exhaust valve (673) have the same structure. The intake valve (671) includes a valve (6711) and a third spring (6712). The valve (6711) is sleeved with the third spring (6712), and the valve (6711) is slidably connected to the exhaust pipe (672).

9. The waste heat recovery device for the tail gas of a hydrogen fuel cell engine according to claim 5, wherein: The nickel-titanium alloy curved baffle (74) is made of nickel-titanium alloy with a memory function and will return to its original shape when heated.

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