Reconfigurable battery circuit based on redundant battery collaborative multiplexing and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a reconfigurable battery circuit based on redundant battery collaborative multiplexing and a control method thereof. The reconfigurable battery circuit comprises a main circuit module, a redundant battery module and a control module, the main circuit module comprises a plurality of columns of battery pack circuits, each column of battery pack circuit is composed of an access switch circuit and a short circuit switch circuit, and when the access switch is closed and the short circuit switch is opened, the single batteries can be accessed to the redundant battery pack circuit; when the access switch is switched off, the short-circuit switch is switched on, the current directly flows through the lead, and the single battery is short-circuited; when one or more single batteries of the main circuit module break down or the working state is abnormal, the redundant battery can supply power or replace the single batteries; and the control module receives information of the main circuit module and the redundant battery module, processes the information and determines on and off of the switches of each part. The problem that a redundant battery access circuit is not flexible enough in the prior art can be solved, and meanwhile, the fault tolerance of a fault battery generated by a battery pack is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery management circuit and a control method thereof, and particularly to a reconfigurable battery circuit based on redundant battery collaborative reuse and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the application of battery packs, especially in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and renewable energy systems, the voltage stability and self-healing ability of battery packs are crucial for the reliability and long life of the system. As the usage time increases, battery cells may experience performance degradation, capacity attenuation, or faults. If continued to be used, it will further increase the inconsistency of the battery pack, reduce the service life of the battery pack, and thus increase the failure risk of the battery pack and even the entire power battery system.

[0003] For the situation of battery performance degradation, if the battery continues to work, the most common method is to perform battery equalization management, that is, to discharge the high-voltage battery or charge the low-voltage battery to improve performance consistency. The current battery equalization methods mainly include active equalization and passive equalization. In recent years, among the active equalization methods, the equalization method based on redundant batteries and reconfigurable battery networks has become increasingly active. Among them, using redundant batteries for equalization has become an active equalization method. However, the redundant battery resources used for equalization in the battery equalization system are limited, and the idle redundant battery resources are not fully utilized in the existing battery pack equalization process. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of redundant batteries is relatively low.

[0004] Furthermore, for the situation where the battery fails, the battery and the power battery system can no longer work. If the power battery system needs to resume the working mode, only a new battery can be used to replace the faulty battery. Most battery management systems are helpless in this regard. In addition, the voltage of the battery pack will decrease during the discharge process. When it drops to a certain SOC range, the circuit may fail due to too low voltage. In order to prevent the circuit from failing, it is necessary to replenish the voltage of the battery pack in time. Similarly, most battery management systems do not have the functions of voltage boosting and voltage stabilization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reconfigurable battery circuit based on redundant battery collaborative reuse and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that the access of redundant batteries to the circuit is not flexible enough and the replacement efficiency of faulty batteries is low.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the solution of the present invention is:

[0007] A reconfigurable battery circuit based on redundant battery collaborative reuse includes a main circuit module, a redundant battery module, and a control module;

[0008] The main circuit module includes N columns of parallel battery pack circuits. Among them, each battery pack circuit contains a parallel switch and several main battery units connected in series with each other. Each main battery unit includes a single battery cell, an access switch, and a short-circuit switch. After the single battery cell is connected in series with the access switch, it is then connected in parallel with the short-circuit switch. The positive electrode of the main battery unit serves as the positive electrode of the battery pack circuit, and the negative electrode of the main battery unit is connected to one end of the parallel switch. The other end of the parallel switch serves as the negative electrode of the battery pack circuit. The positive electrodes of all battery pack circuits are commonly connected to serve as the positive electrode of the main circuit module, and the negative electrodes of all battery pack circuits are commonly connected to serve as the negative electrode of the main circuit module.

[0009] The redundant battery module includes a charging redundant battery module and an access redundant battery module. Among them, the charging redundant battery module contains several charging redundant batteries and several charging switches. After several charging redundant batteries are connected in series, their positive electrodes are respectively connected to the positive electrodes of each single battery cell in the main circuit module, and their negative electrodes are respectively connected to the negative electrodes of each single battery cell in the main circuit module through a charging switch.

[0010] The access redundant battery module contains N access redundant battery units, N - 1 first series switches, and N - 1 second series switches. Among them, each access redundant battery unit is correspondingly connected to the battery pack circuit of the main circuit module. Each access redundant battery unit includes a redundant battery, a first connection switch, a second connection switch, a third connection switch, and N - 1 parallel connection switches. The positive electrode of the redundant battery is connected to one end of the first connection switch. The negative electrode of the redundant battery is connected to the negative electrode of the main circuit module through the third connection switch. The other end of the first connection switch is then connected to the negative electrode of the main battery unit in the corresponding battery pack circuit through the second connection switch. One end of all N - 1 parallel connection switches is connected between the first connection switch and the second connection switch, and the other ends of the parallel connection switches are respectively connected to between the first connection switch and the second connection switch in the remaining N - 1 access redundant battery units. The two ends of the i-th first series switch are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the i-th redundant battery and the negative electrode of the (i + 1)-th redundant battery, and the two ends of the i-th second series switch are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the i-th redundant battery and the positive electrode of the (i + 1)-th redundant battery, where i = 1, 2, …, N - 1.

[0011] The control module includes a main circuit information management unit, a redundant battery information management unit, a signal processing unit, and a switch control unit. Among them, the main circuit information management unit is used to obtain the state information of each single battery cell in the main circuit module. The redundant battery information management unit is used to obtain the state information of each redundant battery in the redundant battery module. The signal processing unit is used to determine the on / off states of all switches according to the state information of each single battery cell in the main circuit module and the state information of each redundant battery in the redundant battery module, and the switch control unit controls the on / off states of each switch.

[0012] The control method of the reconfigurable battery circuit based on redundant battery collaborative reuse as described above includes:

[0013] Obtain the state information of all single cells in the main circuit module and the state information of all redundant batteries in the redundant battery module;

[0014] Determine the on / off states of each switch according to the state information of all single cells and the state information of all redundant batteries.

[0015] Among them, the state information of the single cells and the state information of the redundant batteries include the voltage, current, and SOC conditions of the batteries.

[0016] Among them, according to the state information of all single cells and the state information of all redundant batteries, when all single cells in the main circuit module are working normally and no redundant batteries are required, control all access switches and parallel switches to close, and the rest of the switches to open.

[0017] Among them, according to the state information of all single cells and the state information of all redundant batteries, when the SOC of a certain single cell is low and a redundant battery needs to be connected, disconnect the parallel switch and access switch corresponding to the single cell, and close the short-circuit switch corresponding to the single cell; close the first connection switch, second connection switch, and third connection switch of the redundant battery corresponding to the single cell, and close the charging switch corresponding to the redundant battery.

[0018] Among them, according to the state information of all single cells and the state information of all redundant batteries, when a certain single cell fails, disconnect the parallel switch and access switch corresponding to the single cell, and close the short-circuit switch corresponding to the single cell; close the first connection switch, second connection switch, and third connection switch of the redundant battery corresponding to the single cell.

[0019] Among them, according to the state information of all single cells and the state information of all redundant batteries, when the SOCs of multiple single cells are low and multiple redundant batteries need to be connected, connect multiple redundant batteries in series by closing the first series switch and / or the second series switch, and then close the corresponding parallel connection switch to connect the series-connected redundant batteries to the main circuit module.

[0020] After adopting the above solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in:

[0021] (1) Aiming at the problem of battery inconsistency in the main circuit battery pack, by using the redundant battery collaborative balancing method to dynamically change the battery topology structure, battery balance is achieved, the reliability of the main circuit battery pack is increased, and the working time of the main circuit battery pack is extended. Through the above reconfiguration method, this patent can connect different numbers of redundant batteries in series according to requirements, increasing the flexibility of the circuit and meeting the needs of different scenarios.

[0022] (2) In the case of a fault occurring during the operation of the main circuit battery pack, the fault tolerance of the battery pack is improved by using redundant batteries to replace the faulty batteries.

[0023] (3) Different numbers of redundant batteries can be connected in series to supplement the voltage when the SOC of the battery pack drops to different levels, thus compensating for the risk of the battery pack failing due to too low voltage. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the main circuit module and the redundant battery module in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the control module in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3a is the loop form in the normal operation mode;

[0027] Figure 3b is the loop form in the single battery pack SOC balancing mode;

[0028] Figure 3c1 is the loop form in the multi-battery pack SOC balancing mode when there are sufficient redundant batteries;

[0029] Figure 3c2 is the loop form in the multi-battery pack SOC balancing mode when there are sufficient redundant batteries;

[0030] Figure 3d is the loop form in the single battery fault tolerance mode;

[0031] Figure 3e1 is the loop form in the multi-battery fault tolerance mode when there are sufficient redundant batteries;

[0032] Figure 3e2 is the loop form in the multi-battery fault tolerance mode when there are insufficient redundant batteries;

[0033] Figure 3f is the loop form in the battery pack voltage stabilization mode;

[0034] Figure 4a is the flowchart of the single battery pack SOC balancing mode;

[0035] Figure 4b is the flowchart of the multi-battery pack SOC balancing mode;

[0036] Figure 4c is the flowchart of the single battery fault tolerance mode;

[0037] Figure 4d is the flowchart of the multi-battery fault tolerance mode;

[0038] Figure 4eIt is a flowchart of the battery pack voltage stabilization mode;

[0039] Figure 4f It is a flowchart of the switching of each mode of the battery pack. Specific implementation manner

[0040] Hereinafter, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0041] The present invention provides a reconfigurable battery circuit based on redundant battery collaborative reuse, including a main circuit module, a redundant battery module, and a control module;

[0042] The main circuit module includes N columns of parallel-connected battery pack circuits. Among them, each battery pack circuit contains a parallel switch and several main battery units connected in series with each other. Each main battery unit includes a single battery, an access switch, and a short-circuit switch. After the single battery is connected in series with the access switch, it is then connected in parallel with the short-circuit switch; the positive electrode of the main battery unit serves as the positive electrode of the battery pack circuit, and the negative electrode of the main battery unit is connected to one end of the parallel switch, and the other end of the parallel switch serves as the negative electrode of the battery pack circuit; the positive electrodes of all battery pack circuits are commonly connected as the positive electrode of the main circuit module, and the negative electrodes of all battery pack circuits are commonly connected as the negative electrode of the main circuit module;

[0043] The redundant battery module includes a charging redundant battery module and an access redundant battery module. Among them, the charging redundant battery module contains several charging redundant batteries and several charging switches. After several charging redundant batteries are connected in series, their positive electrodes are respectively connected to the positive electrodes of each single battery in the main circuit module, and their negative electrodes are respectively connected to the negative electrodes of each single battery in the main circuit module through a charging switch;

[0044] The access redundant battery module contains N access redundant battery units, N - 1 first series switches, and N - 1 second series switches. Among them, each access redundant battery unit is correspondingly connected to the battery pack circuit of the main circuit module. Each access redundant battery unit includes a redundant battery, a first connection switch, a second connection switch, a third connection switch, and N - 1 parallel connection switches. The positive electrode of the redundant battery is connected to one end of the first connection switch, the negative electrode of the redundant battery is connected to the negative electrode of the main circuit module through the third connection switch, and the other end of the first connection switch is connected to the negative electrode of the main battery unit in the corresponding battery pack circuit through the second connection switch; one end of all N - 1 parallel connection switches is connected between the first connection switch and the second connection switch, and the other end of the parallel connection switch is respectively connected to between the first connection switch and the second connection switch in the remaining N - 1 access redundant battery units; the two ends of the i-th first series switch are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the i-th redundant battery and the negative electrode of the (i + 1)-th redundant battery, and the two ends of the i-th second series switch are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the i-th redundant battery and the positive electrode of the (i + 1)-th redundant battery, i = 1, 2,..., N - 1;

[0045] The control module includes a main circuit information management unit, a redundant battery information management unit, a signal processing unit, and a switch control unit. Among them, the main circuit information management unit is used to obtain the state information of each single battery in the main circuit module, the redundant battery information management unit is used to obtain the state information of each redundant battery in the redundant battery module, the signal processing unit is used to determine the on / off states of all switches according to the state information of each single battery in the main circuit module and the state information of each redundant battery in the redundant battery module, and the switch control unit controls the on / off of each switch.

[0046] As Figure 2 shown, the control module is an stm32 single-chip microcomputer, which has functions such as signal processing, switch control, main circuit information management, and redundant battery information management. Among them, the main circuit information management function is realized by collecting the state information of each single battery in the main circuit module, and the redundant battery information management function is realized by collecting the state information of each redundant battery in the redundant battery module, specifically including the voltage, current, and SOC conditions of each battery, and then performing signal processing on the collected information; the signal processing function is responsible for receiving the main circuit battery information and redundant battery information to determine the open and closed states of each part of the switch; the switch control function is responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the switches in the main circuit module and the redundant battery module, so as to use the redundant battery to replace the single battery or charge the single battery and supplement the voltage.

[0047] The present invention also provides a reconfigurable battery circuit control method based on the collaborative reuse of redundant batteries, which determines the opening and closing of each switch in the circuit according to the state information of each single battery and redundant battery, so as to adapt to various situations.

[0048] Each column of battery pack circuits consists of two circuits: an access switch and a short-circuit switch. When the access switch is closed and the short-circuit switch is open, a single battery can be connected to the redundant battery pack circuit; when the access switch is open and the short-circuit switch is closed, the current will directly flow through the wire, short-circuiting this single battery. When the battery pack circuit is working normally, a custom number of single batteries can be connected as needed, and the unnecessary single batteries can be short-circuited. When the battery catches fire or the temperature is too high, the switch can be forcibly opened to protect the circuit.

[0049] When one or more single batteries in the main circuit module fail or their working states are abnormal, the redundant battery can supply power to them or replace them to continue working;

[0050] Furthermore, the charging redundant battery module charges the single battery with a lower SOC in the main circuit module at a high voltage to balance the SOC state of the entire column of battery packs and extend the working time of the entire battery pack circuit; the access redundant battery module can connect a single redundant battery or multiple redundant batteries in series to the main circuit module.

[0051] The working modes that can be achieved by the present invention are as follows, and the mode switching process is as Figure 4f shown:

[0052] (1) Normal working mode: When there is no voltage, the SOC is abnormal, or there are faulty batteries in the main circuit module, the redundant battery module does not need to be connected.

[0053] (2) Single battery pack SOC balancing mode: When the SOC value of a single battery in a battery pack in the main circuit module is lower than the SOC values of other batteries in the battery pack branch by more than 10%, disconnect the access switch of this battery, turn on the short-circuit switch of this battery, connect the single battery in the redundant battery module that is closest to the SOC value of other normal batteries in this battery pack branch, and use the charging redundant battery module to charge this battery to increase the SOC value. When the SOC value rises to a small difference from the SOC values of other batteries, disconnect the redundant battery pack connection, disconnect the short-circuit switch, and close the access switch to continue working.

[0054] (3) Multi-battery pack SOC balancing mode: When the SOC values of multiple batteries in multiple battery packs in the main circuit module are lower than the SOC values of other batteries in their respective battery packs by more than 10% at the same time, if the number of required redundant batteries is greater than the number of abnormal batteries, disconnect the access switches of these multiple batteries, turn on the short-circuit switches of these multiple batteries, group them according to the number of abnormal batteries in each battery pack, and try to connect the redundant batteries with SOC values close to the normal batteries in each battery pack in series by group and connect them to these multiple battery packs; when the number of required redundant batteries is less than the number of abnormal batteries, first connect and replace the abnormal batteries in the battery pack branch with a larger SOC mean square deviation value, and then if there are remaining redundant batteries, use them to connect and replace the abnormal batteries in other battery pack branches. Use the charging redundant battery modules allocated to each column to charge to increase the SOC value. When the SOC values of these multiple batteries rise to a small difference from the SOC values of other batteries in this battery pack, disconnect the redundant battery pack connection, disconnect the short-circuit switch, and close the access switch to continue working.

[0055] (4) Single battery fault tolerance mode: When a single battery in a battery pack in the main circuit module fails and cannot work properly, disconnect the access switch of this battery, turn on the short-circuit switch of this battery, connect a single redundant battery to the redundant battery pack. When the redundant battery is working in the redundant battery pack, replace the faulty battery in time. After the faulty battery is replaced, disconnect the connection between this battery and the redundant battery, disconnect the short-circuit switch, and close the access switch, and the battery pack can work normally.

[0056] (5) Multi - battery fault - tolerant mode: When multiple batteries in multiple battery packs of the main circuit module fail to work properly simultaneously, if the required number of redundant batteries is greater than the number of faulty batteries, directly disconnect the access switches of these multiple batteries, turn on the short - circuit switches of these multiple batteries, group them according to the number of abnormal battery packs in each column, and then connect in series the redundant batteries with SOC values close to the normal batteries in each column of battery packs according to these quantities and connect them to the main circuit battery pack for operation; if the required number of redundant batteries is less than the number of faulty batteries, preferentially replace the faulty batteries in the branch of the battery pack with fewer faulty batteries, and if there are any remaining, then replace the faulty batteries in the branches of other battery packs. When the redundant batteries are connected to the main circuit battery pack for operation, replace the faulty batteries in a timely manner. After the faulty batteries are replaced, disconnect the connection between these multiple batteries and the redundant batteries, disconnect the short - circuit switches, and close the access switches, and these multiple battery packs can then work normally.

[0057] (6) Battery - pack voltage - stabilizing mode: When the battery pack is working, the voltage will slowly drop with the discharge time, which may cause the load to be unable to work properly due to undervoltage. Therefore, voltage compensation is required. At this time, the redundant batteries are connected in series into the battery - pack branch to supplement the voltage of the battery pack. As the voltage continues to decrease, more and more redundant batteries can be connected in series to supplement the voltage.

[0058] As Figure 1 shown, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a reconfigurable battery circuit based on the collaborative reuse of redundant batteries. This circuit is an example of a four - column parallel battery pack, and multiple - column battery packs are also applicable. The circuit includes a main - circuit module and a redundant - battery module.

[0059] Taking the first column as an example for the main - circuit module, in the circuit of this column of battery packs, it includes a parallel switch F1 and 3 main - battery units connected in series with each other. Among them, Battery 11, Battery 12, and Battery 13 are the single - cell batteries in the 3 main - battery units respectively. The 3 single - cell batteries are respectively connected in series with 3 access switches H11, H12, and H13, and switches G11, G12, and G13 are used as short - circuit switches; the series - connected positive pole of the main - battery unit serves as the positive pole of the battery - pack circuit and is further connected to the positive pole of the main - circuit module, while one end of the parallel switch F1 is connected to the series - connected negative pole of the main - battery unit, and the other end of the parallel switch F1 serves as the negative pole of the battery - pack circuit and is further connected to the negative pole of the main - circuit module.

[0060] In this embodiment, the single - cell batteries of the main - circuit module have four states: those with the color filling the entire battery shape represent that the SOC is in an excellent state; those with the color filling only half of the battery shape represent that the SOC is in a medium state; those with the color filling only a small part of the bottom surface represent that the SOC is in a lower state; and those with an "×" shape inside the battery shape indicate that the battery is in a faulty state.

[0061] The redundant battery module is divided into two parts. One part is the charging redundant battery module. In this embodiment, it includes two charging redundant batteries 011 and 012 which are connected in series with each other and then respectively connected to both ends of each single battery through charging switches J11, J12, etc. The number of charging switches is the same as the number of single batteries in the main circuit module, so as to facilitate the charging redundant battery to charge all the batteries with lower SOC.

[0062] The other part is the access redundant battery module, which can connect the redundant battery to the main circuit module through different switches. For each column of battery pack circuits, an access redundant battery unit is set. Taking the first access redundant battery unit as an example, the positive electrode of the redundant battery 001 is successively connected to the negative electrode of the main battery unit in the first column of battery pack circuits through the first connection switch C1 and the second connection switch E1, and the negative electrode of the redundant battery 001 is connected to the negative electrode of the main circuit module through the third connection switch K1; the redundant battery 001 is also respectively connected to other battery pack circuits through parallel connection switches. Specifically, one end of the parallel connection switch D11 is connected between C1 and E1, and the other end is connected between the switches C2 and E2 in the second access redundant battery unit, so that the redundant battery 001 can be connected to the second column of battery pack circuits; the first series switches A1, A2, A3 are also connected between the negative electrodes of adjacent redundant batteries, and both ends of the three second series switches B1, B2, B3 are respectively connected to the negative electrode of one redundant battery and the positive electrode of another redundant battery among adjacent two redundant batteries.

[0063] As Figure 3a shown, when all the battery pack circuits in the main circuit are working normally and redundant batteries are not needed, the parallel switches F1, F2, F3, F4 can be respectively closed to directly connect the single batteries to the circuit for work.

[0064] As Figure 3b and 4a shown, when the SOC value of a single battery in a column of battery pack branches is lower than that of other batteries in its battery pack branch by more than 10%, for example, battery 11 in the first column of battery packs, at this time, the switch F1 is disconnected, preparing to connect the redundant battery, the access switch H11 is disconnected, and the switch G11 is closed to stop the work of battery 11; then the switches K1, C1, E1 are closed to connect the redundant battery 001 to the main circuit; finally, the switch J11 is closed to charge battery 11 with the charging redundant batteries 011 and 012; during the charging process of battery 11, the redundant battery 001 and the main circuit batteries 12, 13, etc. work together until the difference between the SOC value of battery 11 and the SOC values of other batteries 12, 13, etc. in this circuit is less than 5%, then the switch J11 is disconnected to stop charging; the switches E1, C1, K1 are disconnected to stop connecting the redundant battery; the switch G11 is disconnected, and the switches H11, F1 are closed, and the circuit continues to work normally. The same method applies to other battery packs.

[0065] When there are multiple (M) battery SOC values in multiple columns of battery packs that are more than 10% lower than the SOC values of other batteries in the same battery pack branch, it is necessary to first connect the redundant batteries in series and then connect them to the main circuit battery pack. When M is 2, 3, or 4 respectively, the circuit topology control methods are as follows.

[0066] The batteries can be arbitrarily connected in series in pairs through series switches B1, B2, B3 and A1, A2, A3, with a total of 6 series connection methods. For example, battery 001 can be connected in series with battery 002 through switch B1, or can be connected in series with battery 003 through switches A1 and B2, or can be connected in series with battery 004 through switches A1, A2, and B3; battery 002 can be connected in series with battery 003 through switch B2, or can be connected in series with battery 004 through switches A2 and B3; battery 003 can be connected in series with battery 004 through switch B3.

[0067] It is also possible to connect any three batteries in series through series switches B1, B2, B3 and A1, A2, A3, with a total of 4 series connection methods, and the method is similar to the above-mentioned series connection method in pairs.

[0068] It is also possible to connect the 4 redundant batteries in series through series switches B1, B2, B3.

[0069] The redundant batteries after various series connections can be transmitted to each main battery pack circuit through switches D11, D12, D13, D21, D22, D23, D31, D32, D33.

[0070] The specific embodiments are as follows:

[0071] As Figure 3c1 and 4b shown, when the required number of redundant batteries is greater than or equal to the number of abnormal main circuit batteries (with lower SOC), it is necessary to connect the redundant batteries in series and then connect them to the main circuit battery pack. For example, when there are multiple battery SOC values in the first column and the second column that are more than 10% lower than the SOC values of other batteries in the same battery pack branch, the redundant batteries 002 and 003 can be connected in series through switch B2, and then the series-connected batteries can be connected to the main circuit battery pack circuit in the same way to replace batteries 21 and 22; the first column is completed according to the method of connecting a single redundant battery to the circuit, similar to Figure 3b shown. The principle and method of connecting 3 or 4 batteries to the main circuit are similar to the above. This problem can be solved by connecting redundant batteries in series to the circuit for any column of battery packs.

[0072] As Figure 3c2 and 4bAs shown, when the required number of redundant batteries is less than the number of abnormal main circuit batteries (with lower SOC), the redundant batteries are sequentially used to replace the abnormal batteries in different battery pack branches according to the magnitude of the mean square deviation of the SOC of each column of battery packs. Then, if there are remaining redundant batteries, they are used to replace the abnormal main circuit batteries in other battery pack branches; if there are no redundant batteries, wait until the difference between the SOC of the abnormal batteries and the other batteries in their respective battery pack branches is less than 5%. After the redundant battery replacement stops, these redundant batteries are used to replace the remaining abnormal batteries. For example, if the SOC values of batteries 11, 21, and 22 are simultaneously lower than those of the other batteries in their respective battery pack branches by more than 10%, and there are only two redundant batteries, 002 and 003, at this time, the mean square values of the SOC of the battery pack branches where batteries 21 and 22 are located are larger. Therefore, first connect the redundant batteries 002 and 003 in series through switch B2, and then connect the series-connected batteries to the main circuit battery pack circuit in the same way as above to replace batteries 21 and 22. When the SOC of batteries 21 and 22 is replenished to within no more than 5% difference from the SOC value of their battery pack branches, stop connecting the redundant batteries 002 and 003; then use the redundant battery 002 to replace battery 11.

[0073] As Figure 3d and 4c shown, when a single battery in the circuit fails, for example, battery 31 in the battery pack circuit of the third column fails, the method is similar to the method described for improving the SOC state difference, except that it is not necessary to charge the redundant batteries, but it is necessary to replace the faulty battery in a timely manner so that the main circuit can continue to operate normally. For example, if battery 31 in the third column of battery packs fails, at this time, disconnect switch F3, prepare to connect the redundant battery, disconnect the access switch H31, and close switch G31 to short-circuit battery 31; then close switches K3, C3, and E3 to connect the redundant battery 003 to the main circuit; until the faulty battery 31 is replaced, disconnect switches E3, C3, and K3 and stop connecting the redundant battery; disconnect switch G31, close switches H31 and F3, and the circuit continues to operate normally. The other battery packs are the same as the above method.

[0074] Similarly, as Figure 3e1 and 4d shown, when multiple batteries in multiple columns of battery packs fail, if the required number of redundant batteries is greater than or equal to the number of faulty batteries, the method is similar to the above. Just connect multiple redundant batteries in series to the redundant battery pack and replace the faulty batteries. For example, if multiple batteries in the third and fourth columns fail simultaneously, the redundant batteries 001 and 002 can be connected in series through switch B1, and then the series-connected batteries are connected to the main circuit battery pack circuit in the same way to replace batteries 41 and 42; the third column is completed according to the method of connecting a single redundant battery to the circuit, as Figure 3dAs shown. The principle and method for the main circuit to access 3 or 4 batteries are similar to the above. Such problems occurring in any column of battery packs can be solved by connecting redundant batteries in series to the circuit.

[0075] As Figure 3e2 and 4d shown, when the number of required redundant batteries is less than the number of faulty batteries, the faulty batteries in the branch of the battery pack with fewer faulty batteries are preferentially replaced. If there are any remaining redundant batteries, then the faulty batteries in the branches of other battery packs are replaced. If there are no remaining redundant batteries, then after the previously replaced faulty batteries are repaired and the replacement of redundant batteries stops, the remaining faulty batteries are replaced with redundant batteries. For example, when batteries 31, 41, and 42 in the third and fourth columns fail simultaneously, and only redundant batteries 002 and 003 can be connected, at this time, redundant battery 003 is first used to replace battery 31. After battery 31 is repaired, redundant battery 003 is connected in series with redundant battery 002 through switch B2, and then batteries 41 and 42 are replaced.

[0076] When multiple columns of battery packs have batteries failing or having a low SOC value simultaneously, and the number of redundant batteries is insufficient to be allocated to the circuit, the faulty battery packs are preferentially replaced to ensure that the battery pack circuit can continue to be used. The batteries in the low SOC state can be directly charged with the charging redundant batteries, thereby extending the working time of the battery pack branch; after the faulty batteries are replaced, the batteries in the low SOC state are then disconnected from the circuit for charging, and the redundant batteries are connected to the main circuit to replace their work.

[0077] As Figure 3f and 4e shown, redundant batteries can be connected to the circuit during battery operation to supplement the voltage drop of the battery due to discharge. Taking the first column of battery packs as an example, for instance, the voltages of batteries 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 in the full SOC state are all 4.2V. After being connected in series, the initial voltage of the battery pack is 25.6V, driving a 24V load to work. When the SOC drops to a certain extent, the voltage of a single battery drops to 3.5V. At this time, the voltage of the battery pack is 21V, and the load cannot work properly. At this time, redundant battery 001 with a smaller SOC state difference from the batteries in this battery pack is connected, and the voltage will rise somewhat, and the load can continue to work normally.

[0078] Similarly, when the number of batteries in the battery pack branch is very large, the voltage of the battery pack drops faster. At this time, the redundant batteries connected in series with a smaller SOC state difference from the batteries in this battery pack are connected to the main circuit battery pack to supplement a larger voltage gap. Until the battery power of the battery pack is exhausted, the connection of redundant batteries in series is stopped.

[0079] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk memory, CD-ROM, optical memory, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code. The solutions in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in various computer languages. For example, object-oriented programming languages such as Java and interpreted scripting languages such as JavaScript, etc.

[0080] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in one Figure 1 flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0081] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing devices to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one Figure 1 flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0082] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing devices, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable devices to generate a computer-implemented process. Thus, the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable devices provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one Figure 1 flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0083] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications once they learn the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0084] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A reconfigurable battery circuit based on redundant battery collaborative reuse, characterized in that: It includes a main circuit module, a redundant battery module, and a control module; The main circuit module includes N columns of parallel-connected battery pack circuits. Among them, each battery pack circuit contains a parallel switch and several main battery units connected in series with each other. Each main battery unit includes a single cell battery, an access switch, and a short-circuit switch. After the single cell battery is connected in series with the access switch, it is then connected in parallel with the short-circuit switch; the positive electrode of the main battery unit serves as the positive electrode of the battery pack circuit, and the negative electrode of the main battery unit is connected to one end of the parallel switch, and the other end of the parallel switch serves as the negative electrode of the battery pack circuit; the positive electrodes of all battery pack circuits are commonly connected as the positive electrode of the main circuit module, and the negative electrodes of all battery pack circuits are commonly connected as the negative electrode of the main circuit module; The redundant battery module includes a charging redundant battery module and an access redundant battery module. Among them, the charging redundant battery module contains several charging redundant batteries and several charging switches. After several charging redundant batteries are connected in series, their positive electrodes are respectively connected to the positive electrodes of the single cell batteries in the main circuit module, and their negative electrodes are respectively connected to the negative electrodes of the single cell batteries in the main circuit module through a charging switch; The access redundant battery module contains N access redundant battery units, N - 1 first series switches, and N - 1 second series switches. Among them, each access redundant battery unit is correspondingly connected to the battery pack circuit of the main circuit module. Each access redundant battery unit includes a redundant battery, a first connection switch, a second connection switch, a third connection switch, and N - 1 parallel connection switches. The positive electrode of the redundant battery is connected to one end of the first connection switch, the negative electrode of the redundant battery is connected to the negative electrode of the main circuit module through the third connection switch, and the other end of the first connection switch is connected to the negative electrode of the main battery unit in the corresponding battery pack circuit through the second connection switch; one end of all N - 1 parallel connection switches is connected between the first connection switch and the second connection switch, and the other ends of the parallel connection switches are respectively connected between the first connection switch and the second connection switch in the remaining N - 1 access redundant battery units; the two ends of the i-th first series switch are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the i-th redundant battery and the negative electrode of the (i + 1)-th redundant battery, and the two ends of the i-th second series switch are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the i-th redundant battery and the positive electrode of the (i + 1)-th redundant battery, where i = 1, 2,..., N - 1; The control module includes a main circuit information management unit, a redundant battery information management unit, a signal processing unit, and a switch control unit. Among them, the main circuit information management unit is used to obtain the state information of each single cell battery in the main circuit module, the redundant battery information management unit is used to obtain the state information of each redundant battery in the redundant battery module, the signal processing unit is used to determine the on / off states of all switches according to the state information of each single cell battery in the main circuit module and the state information of each redundant battery in the redundant battery module, and the switch control unit controls the on / off states of each switch.

2. The control method of the reconfigurable battery circuit based on redundant battery collaborative reuse according to claim 1, wherein: including, obtaining the state information of all single cell batteries in the main circuit module and the state information of all redundant batteries in the redundant battery module; determining the on / off states of each switch according to the state information of all single cell batteries and the state information of all redundant batteries.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The single battery status information and redundant battery status information include the voltage, current, and SOC of the battery.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein: According to all the single battery status information and all the redundant battery status information, when all the single batteries in the main circuit module are working properly and no redundant battery is required, control all the access switches and parallel switches to close, and the rest of the switches to open.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: According to all the single battery status information and all the redundant battery status information, when the SOC of a certain single battery is low and a redundant battery needs to be connected, disconnect the parallel switch and access switch corresponding to the single battery, close the short-circuit switch corresponding to the single battery; close the first connection switch, second connection switch, and third connection switch of the redundant battery corresponding to the single battery, and close the charging switch corresponding to the redundant battery.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein: According to all the single battery status information and all the redundant battery status information, when a certain single battery fails, disconnect the parallel switch and access switch corresponding to the single battery, close the short-circuit switch corresponding to the single battery; close the first connection switch, second connection switch, and third connection switch of the redundant battery corresponding to the single battery.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein: According to all the single battery status information and all the redundant battery status information, when the SOCs of multiple single batteries are low and multiple redundant batteries need to be connected, connect the multiple redundant batteries in series by closing the first series switch and / or the second series switch, and then close the corresponding parallel switch to connect the series-connected redundant batteries to the main circuit module.

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