Open-close type photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system

Abstract

The invention provides an opening and closing type photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system which comprises a photo-thermal collector, a plurality of opening and closing type photovoltaic photo-thermal mechanisms arranged around the photo-thermal collector and a controller in communication connection with the opening and closing type photovoltaic photo-thermal mechanisms. Each opening and closing type photovoltaic photo-thermal mechanism comprises a photo-thermal reflecting mirror and a plurality of double-sided photovoltaic assemblies hinged to the outer edge of the photo-thermal reflecting mirror through first hinges. In the embodiment, the controller adjusts the included angle between the double-sided photovoltaic module and the photo-thermal reflector through the first hinge according to the illumination condition so as to adjust the photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation proportion. A double-sided photovoltaic cell included in each double-sided photovoltaic assembly can further adjust the photovoltaic and photo-thermal power generation proportion by changing the light receiving area, and the power generation capacity of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies, and particularly to an opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand, solar energy, as one of the core forms of renewable energy, has received extensive attention.

[0003] The photovoltaic-thermal hybrid system (PV-T) has become an important development direction for improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy. Among them, the photovoltaic-thermal hybrid system based on the spectral separation strategy can effectively improve the energy utilization efficiency. Through a specific spectral separation structure, high-energy short-wave photons can preferentially enter the photovoltaic cell for photoelectric conversion, while low-energy long-wave photons pass through the photovoltaic module and enter the solar thermal system to achieve the coordinated utilization of electric energy and heat energy.

[0004] This strategy has high application potential in trough-type concentrating solar thermal power plants. By using the synergistic effect of photovoltaic cells and solar thermal reflectors, the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system can be improved without affecting the structure of the original solar thermal system.

[0005] However, traditional photovoltaic-thermal hybrid systems usually adopt a combination of single-layer photovoltaic modules or semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and solar thermal reflectors, but they cannot efficiently manage the spectral energy of different wavelengths, resulting in neither the photovoltaic nor the solar thermal utilization efficiency reaching the optimum.

[0006] In addition, the photovoltaic energy utilization on the back of the photovoltaic module is insufficient. For example, in the case of high concentration ratio or complex environment, the light energy not absorbed by the front photovoltaic cell is directly lost, and the back space is not fully utilized for secondary photoelectric conversion, reducing the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The content part of the present invention is used to briefly introduce the concepts, which will be described in detail in the following specific implementation part. The content part of the present disclosure is not intended to identify the key features or essential features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed technical solution.

[0008] The present invention provides an opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system to solve the technical problems mentioned in the above background art part.

[0009] The opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention includes a solar thermal collector, a plurality of opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal mechanisms arranged around the solar thermal collector, and a controller communicatively connected to the plurality of opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal mechanisms. Among them,

[0010] Each retractable photovoltaic thermal mechanism comprises a thermal reflector and a plurality of double-sided photovoltaic modules hinged to the outer edge of the thermal reflector through a first hinge;

[0011] In the working state, the controller adjusts the angle between the double-sided photovoltaic module and the photothermal reflector through the first hinge to adjust the power generation ratio of photovoltaic and photothermal;

[0012] The double-sided photovoltaic cells included in each double-sided photovoltaic module can further adjust the power generation ratio of photovoltaic and photothermal by changing the light-receiving area.

[0013] Optionally, each bifacial photovoltaic assembly includes multiple rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells, multiple rotating shafts and a support frame, wherein the support frame is hinged to the photothermal reflector via a first hinge; multiple rotating shafts are pivotally connected to the support frame in parallel; and multiple rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells are connected to the multiple rotating shafts one by one.

[0014] Optionally, the multiple rotating shafts drive multiple rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells to rotate, so that the multiple rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells are sequentially covered to form a stacked state, or a gap appears between two adjacent rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells to form a tilted state.

[0015] Optionally, each of the double-sided photovoltaic modules includes a linear slide rail and a double-sided photovoltaic cell, wherein the double-sided photovoltaic cell is made of flexible material and is folded in a Z shape to form a retractable folding structure; one end of the double-sided photovoltaic cell is fixedly connected to the slider of the linear slide rail, and the other end is fixedly connected to the guide rail, and the bottom of the linear slide rail is connected to the first hinge.

[0016] Optionally, each of the bifacial photovoltaic modules includes multiple columns and rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells, two adjacent bifacial photovoltaic cells in each column are connected by a second hinge, and the bifacial photovoltaic cells close to the photothermal reflector are connected to the photothermal reflector by a first hinge, forming a grid-like uniform arrangement.

[0017] Optionally, each of the double-sided photovoltaic modules includes a plurality of evenly arranged arc-shaped double-sided photovoltaic cells, each of which is hinged to the photothermal reflector via a first hinge; each double-sided photovoltaic cell is also connected to one or more arc-shaped double-sided photovoltaic cells hinged in series via a second hinge to form a plurality of concentric circles, wherein the density of the double-layer photovoltaic cells in each concentric circle gradually decreases as it approaches the photothermal reflector, forming a plurality of gradually shrinking concentric circles.

[0018] Optionally, the bifacial photovoltaic module includes a plurality of bifacial photovoltaic cells arranged uniformly, and each bifacial photovoltaic cell is hinged to the solar thermal reflector through a first hinge; each bifacial photovoltaic cell is also hinged to two or more bifacial photovoltaic cells through two or more second hinges, and the density of the double-layer photovoltaic cells gradually decreases as it approaches the solar thermal reflector.

[0019] Optionally, each bifacial photovoltaic module includes a plurality of bifacial photovoltaic cells, and the density of the plurality of bifacial photovoltaic cells is distributed according to the orientation characteristics of the geographical location.

[0020] Optionally, in the Northern Hemisphere, the density of bifacial photovoltaic cells is increased in the southern region of the solar thermal reflector; in the Southern Hemisphere, the density of bifacial photovoltaic cells is increased in the northern region of the solar thermal reflector.

[0021] Optionally, in the morning or evening, the density of bifacial photovoltaic cells is increased in the eastern and western regions of the solar thermal reflector.

[0022] Optionally, each solar thermal reflector is also connected to a tracking bracket.

[0023] The above embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0024] In some embodiments of the opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention, the controller controls the first hinge to drive the bifacial photovoltaic module to rotate, thereby dynamically adjusting the angle between the bifacial photovoltaic cell and the solar thermal reflector.

[0025] When the temperature is relatively low or the light is strong, especially in winter, photovoltaic power generation plays a major role, and the bifacial photovoltaic cells tend to fold, giving priority to photovoltaic power generation. When the temperature is relatively high or the light is strong, the bifacial photovoltaic module tends to unfold, giving priority to solar thermal power generation.

[0026] In addition, the bifacial photovoltaic module can also change its own light-receiving area to further adjust the power generation ratio of photovoltaic and solar thermal.

[0027] In summary, the present system can adjust the power generation ratio of photovoltaic and solar thermal according to the light conditions, improving the power generation of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0029] Figure 1Schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of Embodiment 4 of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of Embodiment 4 of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 5 of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 Front view of Embodiment 5 of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 Schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 Schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 7 of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0040] 1: Photothermal reflector; 2: Bifacial photovoltaic module; 21: Bifacial photovoltaic cell; 22: Second hinge; 23: Rotating shaft; 24: Support frame; 3: First hinge; 4: Linear slide rail; 5: Tracking bracket; 6: Photothermal collector. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0043] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specifically defined. In addition, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0045] First, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 1 , which is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention; Figure 2 , which is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the double-sided photovoltaic module of the present invention; Figure 3 , which is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the double-sided photovoltaic module of the present invention. As Figures 1 to 3 shown, the opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention includes a solar thermal collector 6, a plurality of opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal mechanisms arranged around the solar thermal collector 6, and a controller. The plurality of opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal mechanisms are used for photovoltaic power generation and reflecting sunlight to the solar thermal collector 6 for solar thermal power generation.

[0046] Each opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal mechanism includes a tracking bracket 5, a solar thermal reflector 1, and four double-sided photovoltaic modules 2 hinged to the outer edge of the solar thermal reflector 1. The solar thermal reflector 1 is connected to the tracking bracket 5. In the working state, the tracking bracket 5 can maximize the reception efficiency of solar radiation by dynamically adjusting the angles and orientations of the solar thermal reflector 1 and the double-sided photovoltaic modules 2.

[0047] As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in the first and second embodiments, each bifacial photovoltaic module 2 includes a bifacial photovoltaic cell 21. Each bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 is connected to the solar thermal reflector 1 through a first hinge 3.

[0048] The above-mentioned solar thermal reflector 1 uses a metal material with a high reflectivity or a mirror glass with an efficient reflective coating to ensure that most of the solar energy is reflected to the solar thermal collector 6. The above-mentioned bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 uses a bifacial perovskite solar cell with a bandgap range of 1.4 - 2.5 eV. Both the front and back sides of the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 absorb short-wavelength light in sunlight for photovoltaic power generation. The above-mentioned solar thermal collector 6 uses a material with high thermal conductivity, such as copper or aluminum, to ensure efficient heat transfer to the working medium. In addition, those skilled in the art can determine the tracking bracket 5 according to the existing technology or existing products.

[0049] During the working process, the short-wavelength part of sunlight is used for photovoltaic power generation through the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21. The long-wavelength light transmitted through the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 is reflected by the solar thermal reflector 1 to the solar thermal collector 6 to provide heat energy. Therefore, by using the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21, the back space of the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 can be effectively utilized, and the light energy utilization rate can be improved.

[0050] Hinging the above four bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 evenly to the outer edge of the solar thermal reflector 1 can ensure that the amount of sunlight received by each bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 is approximately equal, avoid local over-generation or under-generation, and improve the stability and reliability of the system.

[0051] In addition, the above-mentioned solar thermal reflector 1 is hinged to the four bifacial photovoltaic cells 21. Therefore, the four bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 can adjust the angle between them and the solar thermal reflector 1, thereby adjusting the power generation ratio of photovoltaic and solar thermal.

[0052] For example, when the angle between the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 and the solar thermal reflector 1 is 0°, the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 completely covers the solar thermal reflector 1, the photovoltaic power generation is maximized, and the solar thermal power generation is lower. It is suitable for cloudy days, early morning, evening, winter or scenarios with high power demand. Taking the application in the early morning scenario as an example, the sunlight shines obliquely from the east and the sun angle is low. The controller first controls the tracking bracket 5 to rotate so that the solar thermal reflector 1 faces the sunlight. Next, the controller controls the first hinge 3 to drive the bifacial photovoltaic module 2 to rotate so that the bifacial photovoltaic module 2 is stacked on the solar thermal reflector 1. At this time, the short-wavelength light in sunlight is absorbed by the bifacial photovoltaic module 2, and the photovoltaic power generation is maximized. Only the transmitted long-wavelength light is reflected by the solar thermal reflector 1 to the solar thermal collector 6, so the solar thermal power generation is lower.

[0053] The above technical solution can be applied to a microgrid or an off-grid system with high electricity demand. When the angle between the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 and the solar thermal reflector 1 is between 10° and 30°, the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 is partially unfolded, and the photovoltaic power generation is still relatively high. Part of the short-wavelength light and the transmitted long-wavelength light are reflected by the solar thermal reflector 1 to the solar thermal collector 6, enabling the solar thermal power generation to gradually increase.

[0054] The above technical solution is applicable to the spring and autumn seasons with good sunlight and combined function systems.

[0055] When the angle between the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 and the solar thermal reflector 1 is between 30° and 60°, the photovoltaic and solar thermal power generations reach a balance, which is applicable to the noon period with strong sunlight and industrial or building energy supply systems that require simultaneous supply of electricity and heat.

[0056] When the angle between the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 and the solar thermal reflector 1 is between 60° and 120°, the photovoltaic power generation decreases, and the solar thermal power generation increases significantly, which is applicable to high-temperature environments and regions with high demand for winter heating, such as solar heating systems in cold regions.

[0057] When the angle between the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 and the solar thermal reflector 1 is between 120° and 180°, the photovoltaic power generation further decreases, and the solar thermal power generation is maximized, which is applicable to solar thermal power plants and high-temperature steam or heat storage systems.

[0058] According to the real-time light conditions, driven by the first hinge 3, the angle between the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 and the solar thermal reflector 1 can be dynamically adjusted. When the temperature is low or the light is strong, especially in winter, the photovoltaic power generation plays a major role, and the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 tends to fold, giving priority to photovoltaic power generation. When the temperature is high or the light is strong, the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 tends to unfold, giving priority to solar thermal power generation.

[0059] The above first hinge 3 is an electric hinge, which is communicatively connected to the controller. The controller can receive information from sensors or weather forecasts, determine information such as the solar altitude angle, and then control the first hinge 3 to adjust the angle between the photovoltaic cell module 2 and the solar thermal reflector 1, flexibly and adaptively adjusting the power generation ratio of photovoltaic and solar thermal.

[0060] Those skilled in the art can select the electric hinge and the controller according to common knowledge or actual situations. The above controller can be an MCU (Microcontroller Unit), a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), etc.

[0061] It should be noted that although in the first and second embodiments, the solar thermal reflector 1 is described by taking a rectangle as an example, this is not the only case. Those skilled in the art can adjust the shape of the solar thermal reflector 1 according to the actual situation, such as a regular hexagon, a regular octagon, a circle, etc. Correspondingly, the number of the bifacial photovoltaic modules 2 can also be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0062] When the solar thermal reflector 1 is designed as a rectangle, four bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 are connected to the four edges of the solar thermal reflector 1. As Figure 2 shown, in the first embodiment, the area of each bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 can be one-fourth of the area of the solar thermal reflector 1. In the folded state, the four bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 completely cover the solar thermal reflector 1, achieving the maximization of photovoltaic power generation.

[0063] As Figure 3 shown, in the second embodiment, the area of any set of oppositely arranged bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 can be one-half of the area of the solar thermal reflector. In the folded state, a set of oppositely arranged bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 completely cover the solar thermal reflector, which can avoid interference when the four bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 cover the solar thermal reflector 1. Further, the other set of bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 does not have to cover the solar thermal reflector 1. Therefore, the size of this set of bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 can be increased according to the actual situation, thereby achieving the maximization of photovoltaic power generation.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 which is a schematic structural diagram of the third embodiment of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention. As Figure 4 shown, on the basis of the first or second embodiment, the third embodiment uses flexible photovoltaic devices to manufacture the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21, so that the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 have a foldable function.

[0065] Specifically, the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 can adopt flexible materials such as perovskite thin films. The bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 are Z-folded to form a telescopic folding structure. A linear slide rail 4 is arranged at the bottom of the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21. One end of the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 is fixedly connected to the slider of the linear slide rail 4, and the other end is fixedly connected to the guide rail of the linear slide rail 4. The bottom of the linear slide rail 4 is connected to the above-mentioned first hinge 3.

[0066] In the working state, the first hinge 3 can drive the linear slide rail 4 and the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 to rotate. In addition, the slider can drive one end of the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 to move towards or away from the other end, thereby realizing the opening and folding of the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21.

[0067] When the bifacial PV module is fully opened, it receives light maximally. As the bifacial PV cell 21 is gradually folded, the solar thermal reflector 1 gradually receives sunlight, and the proportion of solar thermal power generation gradually increases. Thus, by adjusting the angle between the bifacial PV cell 21 and the solar thermal reflector 1, the light-receiving area of the bifacial PV cell 21 is further changed, and the power generation ratio of PV and solar thermal is optimized.

[0068] Still taking the early morning scene as an example, as described above, the controller first controls the tracking bracket 5 to rotate so that the solar thermal reflector 1 faces the sunlight. Next, the controller controls the first hinge to drive the bifacial PV module 2 to rotate so that the bifacial PV module 2 is stacked on the solar thermal reflector 1. Finally, the controller controls the slider to drive the bifacial PV cell 21 to open and fold, thereby adjusting the light-receiving area of the bifacial PV cell 21 and further optimizing the power generation ratio of PV and solar thermal.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 5 which is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the bifacial PV module of the present invention; Figure 6 which is another schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the bifacial PV module of the present invention. As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, each bifacial PV module 2 includes four rows of bifacial PV cells 21, four rotating shafts 23, and a support frame 24. Among them, the support frame 24 is hinged to the solar thermal reflector 1 through the first hinge 3.

[0070] Specifically, the four rotating shafts 23 are arranged in parallel and pivotally installed in the support frame 24. The axial direction of the rotating shaft 23 is consistent with the arrangement direction of each row of bifacial PV cells 21. The four rows of bifacial PV cells 21 are correspondingly connected to the four rotating shafts 23. When the rotating shaft 23 rotates, the four rows of bifacial PV cells 21 can be sequentially covered to form a stacked state, or by rotating the rotating shaft 23, a gap appears between two adjacent rows of bifacial PV cells 21 to form a tilted state. Each rotating shaft 23 can be driven by a motor, and the above motor is communicatively connected to the controller.

[0071] It should be noted that although the above is described by taking four rows of bifacial PV cells 21 as an example, those skilled in the art can adjust the number of rows of the above bifacial PV cells 21 and the number of each row of bifacial PV cells 21 according to the actual situation.

[0072] In the working state, the controller can control the motor to make the rotating shaft 23 drive the bifacial PV cell 21 to rotate so that all the bifacial PV cells 21 present a stacked state (as shown in Figure 5 ) or a tilted state (as shown in Figure 6 ), thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the light-receiving area of the bifacial PV module 2.

[0073] Still taking the early morning scene as an example, as described above, the controller first controls the tracking bracket 5 to rotate, so that the solar heat reflecting mirror 1 faces the sun. Next, the controller controls the first hinge to drive the double-sided photovoltaic module 2 to rotate, so that the double-sided photovoltaic module 2 is stacked on the solar heat reflecting mirror 1. Finally, the controller controls the rotating shaft 23 to drive the double-sided photovoltaic cells 21 to be stacked or tilted, thereby adjusting the light receiving area of the double-sided photovoltaic module 2 and further optimizing the power generation ratio of photovoltaics and solar heat.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Figure 7 which is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 5 of the double-sided photovoltaic module of the present invention; Figure 8 which is a front view of Embodiment 5 of the double-sided photovoltaic module of the present invention. As Figure 7 shown, each double-sided photovoltaic module 2 includes a plurality of double-sided photovoltaic cells 21 and a plurality of second hinges 22, wherein the second hinges 22 are communicatively connected to the controller.

[0075] Specifically, as Figure 7 shown, taking the solar heat reflecting mirror 1 as a rectangle as an example, each double-sided photovoltaic module includes three columns and two rows of double-sided photovoltaic cells 21. Of course, those skilled in the art can adjust the number of rows and columns. Two adjacent double-sided photovoltaic cells in each column are connected by a second hinge. The double-sided photovoltaic cell 21 close to the solar heat reflecting mirror is connected to the solar heat reflecting mirror 1 by a first hinge 3.

[0076] In the folded state, the outer double-sided photovoltaic cell 21 first folds with the innermost double-sided photovoltaic cell 21 through the second hinge 22, and then covers the solar heat reflecting mirror 1 through the first hinge 3.

[0077] Or as Figure 8 shown, the two rows of double-sided photovoltaic cells 21 rotate inward by 90° through the first hinge 3, and the outer double-sided photovoltaic cells rotate inward by 90° through the second hinge 22 to form an L-shaped structure, so as to form a box shape with other double-sided photovoltaic modules 2, thereby blocking the sunlight and increasing the proportion of photovoltaic power generation.

[0078] When there are more rows of the outer double-sided photovoltaic cells 21, they are folded to the back side of the innermost double-sided photovoltaic cell 21 in a Z shape through the second hinge 22, and finally rotated inward by 180° through the first hinge, also achieving the coverage of the solar heat reflecting mirror 1.

[0079] Therefore, on the premise of covering the photothermal reflector 1, the technical solution of the third embodiment is arranged uniformly in a grid pattern, which is not only applicable to the photothermal reflector 1 with a smaller size, but also can increase the light-receiving area of the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 when it is unfolded, thereby improving the power generation of photovoltaic power. For areas with uniform sunlight irradiation, such as the stable sunlight conditions in spring and autumn, the grid-like uniform arrangement of the third embodiment can be adopted to maximize the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 which is a schematic structural diagram of the sixth embodiment of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention. As Figure 9 shown, taking the photothermal reflector 1 as a circle as an example, it includes 6 bifacial photovoltaic modules 2 arranged uniformly around the photothermal reflector 1. Each bifacial photovoltaic module 2 includes two arc-shaped bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 connected by a second hinge 22. The inner bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 is connected to the photothermal reflector 1 through a first hinge 3. Of course, those skilled in the art can adjust the number of the bifacial photovoltaic modules 2 and the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 included therein.

[0081] The 6 inner bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 and the 6 outer bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 form two concentric circles. Among them, the spacing between the 6 inner bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 is smaller than the spacing between the 6 outer bifacial photovoltaic cells 21. That is, the density of the double-layer photovoltaic cells 21 in each concentric circle gradually increases as it approaches the photothermal reflector 1, forming two gradually shrinking concentric circles. Arranging more bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 in the area close to the photothermal reflector 1 can maximize the utilization of the direct strong light. Thus, it is applicable to the application scenarios with larger photothermal reflectors.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 which is a schematic structural diagram of the seventh embodiment of the bifacial photovoltaic module of the present invention. As Figure 10 shown, taking the photothermal reflector 1 as a rectangle as an example, it includes 4 bifacial photovoltaic modules 2 arranged uniformly around the photothermal reflector 1. Each bifacial photovoltaic module 2 includes two bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 hinged to the photothermal reflector 1 through a first hinge 3 and two bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 connected to each bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 through a second hinge 22. Of course, those skilled in the art can adjust the number of the bifacial photovoltaic modules 2 and the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 included therein.

[0083] The spacing between the 8 inner bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 is larger than the spacing between the 16 outer bifacial photovoltaic cells 21. That is, fewer bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 are arranged in the edge area of the photothermal reflector 1. The light intensity in the edge area is weak, and fewer bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 can effectively utilize the reflected light.

[0084] In the above-described sixth and seventh embodiments, the non-uniform setting is adopted, which can be selected according to the light intensity of each area of the solar thermal reflector 1, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency. Since the non-uniform setting takes into account the light intensity of different areas, the controller adjusts the receiving area and power generation mode of the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 by controlling the first hinge 3 and the second hinge 22 to cope with different climate changes. When the sunlight is stronger, the bifacial photovoltaic cell 21 in the central area will receive more sunlight, while under low-light conditions, the utilization ratio of the reflected light increases.

[0085] At different geographical locations, there are significant differences in the irradiation angle and intensity of sunlight. Especially in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, the trajectory of the sun changes throughout the day and in different seasons of the year. Therefore, according to the orientation characteristics of the geographical location, different distribution strategies for the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 can be determined, that is, according to the geographical location, the number and spacing of the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 in the corresponding azimuth of the bifacial photovoltaic module 2 are adjusted.

[0086] Solution 1: The bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 are densely distributed in the south-facing direction (suitable for the Northern Hemisphere).

[0087] In the Northern Hemisphere, the trajectory of the sun generally rises from the southeast, gradually moves southward, and finally sets in the southwest. Therefore, in the Northern Hemisphere, the south-facing area receives the most sunlight. Especially in winter, when the sun's altitude angle is low, the sunlight will be more concentrated in the southern direction. Regions such as Europe, North America, and Asia are particularly suitable for areas with short winter sunshine hours and low sunlight irradiation angles.

[0088] Therefore, in order to maximize the absorption of sunlight, the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 in the south-facing area can be distributed more densely, that is, increasing the number of bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 and reducing the spacing between the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21. The north-facing area can be moderately sparse. Such a design can improve the power generation efficiency under low-angle sunlight in winter and also optimize the utilization of space.

[0089] Solution 2: The bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 are densely distributed in the north-facing direction (suitable for the Southern Hemisphere).

[0090] In the Southern Hemisphere, the trajectory of the sun rises from the northeast, gradually moves northward, and finally sets in the northwest. Therefore, the north-facing area receives the most sunlight in the Southern Hemisphere. Especially in winter, when the sun's altitude angle is low, the sunlight will be more concentrated in the northern direction. Regions such as Australia, New Zealand, and South America are suitable for environments with weak winter sunlight, and the distribution of north-facing photovoltaic cells has more advantages.

[0091] Increase the density of the bifacial photovoltaic cells 21 in the northern area of the solar thermal reflector 1 to maximize sunlight absorption. The south-facing direction can be moderately sparse.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, characterized in that, It comprises a photothermal collector, a plurality of opening and closing photovoltaic and photothermal mechanisms arranged around the photothermal collector, and a controller connected to the plurality of opening and closing photovoltaic and photothermal mechanisms, wherein: Each retractable photovoltaic thermal mechanism comprises a thermal reflector and a plurality of double-sided photovoltaic modules hinged to the outer edge of the thermal reflector through a first hinge; In the working state, the controller adjusts the angle between the double-sided photovoltaic module and the photothermal reflector through the first hinge to adjust the power generation ratio of photovoltaic and photothermal; The double-sided photovoltaic cells included in each double-sided photovoltaic module can further adjust the power generation ratio of photovoltaic and photothermal by changing the light-receiving area.

2. The opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein Each double-sided photovoltaic assembly includes multiple rows of double-sided photovoltaic cells, multiple rotating shafts and a support frame, wherein the support frame is hinged to the photothermal reflector through a first hinge; multiple rotating shafts are pivotally connected to the support frame in parallel; and multiple rows of double-sided photovoltaic cells are connected to the multiple rotating shafts one by one.

3. The openable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 2, wherein The multiple rotating shafts drive the multiple rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells to rotate, so that the multiple rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells are sequentially covered to form a stacked state, or gaps appear between two adjacent rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells to form a tilted state.

4. The opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein Each of the double-sided photovoltaic modules includes a linear slide and a double-sided photovoltaic cell, wherein the double-sided photovoltaic cell is made of flexible material and is folded in a Z shape to form a retractable folding structure; one end of the double-sided photovoltaic cell is fixedly connected to the slider of the linear slide, and the other end is fixedly connected to the guide rail, and the bottom of the linear slide is connected to the first hinge.

5. The opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that Each of the bifacial photovoltaic modules includes multiple columns and rows of bifacial photovoltaic cells. Two adjacent bifacial photovoltaic cells in each column are connected by a second hinge, and the bifacial photovoltaic cells close to the photothermal reflector are connected to the photothermal reflector by a first hinge, forming a grid-like uniform arrangement.

6. The opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein Each of the double-sided photovoltaic modules includes a plurality of evenly arranged arc-shaped double-sided photovoltaic cells, each of which is hinged to the photothermal reflector via a first hinge; each of the double-sided photovoltaic cells is also connected to one or more arc-shaped double-sided photovoltaic cells hinged in series via a second hinge to form a plurality of concentric circles, wherein the density of the double-layer photovoltaic cells in each concentric circle gradually decreases as it approaches the photothermal reflector, forming a plurality of gradually shrinking concentric circles.

7. The opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein The double-sided photovoltaic assembly includes a plurality of evenly arranged double-sided photovoltaic cells, each of which is hinged to the photothermal reflector via a first hinge; each double-sided photovoltaic cell is also hinged to two or more double-sided photovoltaic cells via two or more second hinges, and the density of the double-layer photovoltaic cells gradually decreases as they approach the photothermal reflector.

8. The opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein Each bifacial photovoltaic assembly includes a plurality of bifacial photovoltaic cells, and the density of the plurality of bifacial photovoltaic cells is distributed according to the orientation characteristics of the geographical location.

9. The openable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 8, wherein In the northern hemisphere, the density of bifacial photovoltaic cells is increased in the southern area of the solar thermal reflector; in the southern hemisphere, the density of bifacial photovoltaic cells is increased in the northern area of the solar thermal reflector.

10. The opening and closing type photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein Each photothermal reflector is also connected to a tracking bracket.

Images