Moving-coil loudspeaker with spherical vibrating diaphragm

Abstract

A moving-coil loudspeaker with a spherical vibrating diaphragm comprises the vibrating diaphragm, a magnet, a folding ring and a support, the magnet is fixed on the support, the magnetic field of the magnet is open, the end face of one end of the magnet is a plane, the other end of the magnet extends outwards in a branch shape, the tail end of the branch shape is connected with a magnetic conductive spherical surface, and the magnetic conductive spherical surface is connected with the support. And a spherical magnetic field with the same magnetic field direction as the spherical surface direction of the point is formed. A spherical elastic film is arranged in the center of a spherical magnetic field space, the elastic film is insulated, a plurality of pieces of spiral conductive rubber are adhered to the surface of the insulated spherical elastic film, each piece of spiral conductive rubber forms a spiral coil, and the spiral coil is wound on the surface of the elastic film. The heads and the tails of the spiral coils are orderly connected in series or in parallel through bridging leads or conductive rubber, so that the directions of magnetic poles generated by current conducted by the connected spiral coils are consistent along respective radius directions. The loudspeaker has many sound vibration sources and a good three-dimensional effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a moving coil loudspeaker with a spherical diaphragm, belonging to electroacoustic devices in electronic devices. Background Art

[0002] A loudspeaker mainly consists of a diaphragm, a magnet, an iron core, a voice coil, a surround, a bracket, a lead wire, and a dust cap, etc. The materials of the diaphragm include paper cone, plastic, metal, etc. The sound generation method of the loudspeaker is mainly the moving coil type, that is, the magnet and the iron core are fixed, and the voice coil with an audio current is placed in the iron core to generate the vibration of the voice coil. Most of the current loudspeakers have only one voice coil and one paper cone. The paper cone can only vibrate in one direction, and the generated sound wave is in one direction, and the emitted sound wave is a plane wave without a stereo effect; a paper cone has only one resonance frequency and it is difficult to represent sound waves of multiple frequencies and cannot restore rich frequencies. The human hearing is very sensitive. For example, in front of a person being tested, there are two sound sources: one is a loudspeaker and the other is a real person. The person being tested can easily distinguish who made the sound with their eyes closed. This is because the wave excited by a person's voice in space is approximately a spherical wave and has a rich frequency. In order to vividly display the original sound of the sound source, it is very meaningful to study a loudspeaker that emits a wave similar to a spherical wave. The main inventor of this application has previously studied "a stereo speaker and its supporting microphone CN106954119B, a stereo vibrating diaphragm speaker CN201710336414.5", but it is not enough, and further exploration is still needed in terms of vivid electroacoustics. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The task of the present invention is to invent a moving coil loudspeaker with a spherical diaphragm, which has multiple sound generation vibration sources and a rich frequency; the diaphragms are distributed on a spherical surface, and the stereo effect of sound generation is good.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: A moving coil loudspeaker with a spherical diaphragm, including a diaphragm, a magnet, a surround, and a bracket. The magnet is fixed on the bracket. The feature is that: the magnetic field of the magnet is open, with one end face being a plane and the other end expanding outward in a dendritic shape. The end of the dendritic shape is connected to a magnetic conductive spherical surface, forming a spherical magnetic field with the magnetic field direction being the same as the spherical surface direction of this point; or the magnetic field of the magnet is closed, with one end expanding outward in a dendritic shape. The end of the dendritic shape is connected to a magnetic conductive spherical surface, and the other end curves in a "mouth" - shaped curve and returns to the end of the dendritic shape to connect to another magnetic conductive spherical surface opposite to the said magnetic conductive spherical surface. The inner and outer two magnetic conductive spherical surfaces face each other to form a closed spherical magnetic field. At the center of the space of the open spherical magnetic field or the closed spherical magnetic field, there are two material arrangement forms. One is a spherical elastic membrane. The elastic membrane surrounds the inner magnetic conductive spherical surface. The elastic membrane is insulating. On the surface of the insulating spherical elastic membrane, several spiral conductive rubbers are pasted. Each spiral conductive rubber forms a spiral coil. The heads and tails of each spiral coil are connected in an orderly manner by jumper leads or conductive rubbers in series or parallel, so that the magnetic pole directions generated by the current passing through each connected spiral coil are the same along their respective radial directions, that is: at a certain moment, the N - poles generated by each spiral coil point outward or inward simultaneously along their respective radial directions; The second material arrangement form at the center of the open spherical magnetic field or the closed spherical magnetic field space is: there is a large spherical surface. The large spherical surface surrounds the inner magnetic conductive spherical surface. The large spherical surface is divided into several polygonal sub - spherical surfaces. There are gaps left between the horizontal directions of each sub - spherical surface. The sub - spherical surfaces are connected into the large spherical surface by horizontal surrounds. At the middle of the horizontal surround, a longitudinal rod or a longitudinal surround is connected in the direction pointing to the center of the circle. The other end of the longitudinal rod or the longitudinal surround is fixed on the inner magnetic pole surrounded by the large spherical surface; The material forming the sub - spherical surface is diaphragm material; On the surface of each sub - spherical surface, a coil is pasted. The heads and tails of each spiral coil are connected in an orderly manner by jumper leads in series or parallel, so that the magnetic pole directions generated by the current passing through each connected spiral coil are the same along their respective radial directions; The edge of the spherical elastic membrane is fixed on the bracket through another surround. The specific gravity and elastic coefficient of the spherical elastic membrane are different in different regions, or the mass density of the sub - spherical surface and the elastic coefficient of the horizontal surround are different in different regions; The spherical angle value range of the spherical diaphragm of the spherical elastic membrane or the large spherical surface is between 20° and 300°.

[0005] The reason why the present invention is defined as a moving coil loudspeaker with a spherical diaphragm means that such a loudspeaker has a spherical diaphragm. A common moving coil loudspeaker has only one voice coil, and the vibration direction of the voice coil is only in one direction, and the sound emitted is in one direction without a stereo effect. The magnetic pole of the present invention is spherical, and the magnetic field direction is along the spherical radius direction of the spherical surface magnetic pole. There are two kinds of materials for the diaphragm. One is that there is a spherical elastic membrane outside the spherical magnetic pole. On the surface of the spherical elastic membrane in insulation, several spiral conductive rubbers are pasted, and each of the spiral conductive rubbers constitutes a voice coil. Several of the spiral coils are connected in parallel or in series in an orderly manner, and the connection order is such that the polarities generated after being energized are the same - at a certain moment, the magnetic field points to the center of the spherical surface of the elastic membrane, and at another moment, the magnetic field extends outward along the radius of the spherical surface of the elastic membrane. Where the voice coils are formed on the elastic membrane, it can be only on the outer surface, only on the inner surface, or on both the inner and outer surfaces. When there are voice coils on both the inner and outer surfaces of the elastic membrane, pay attention that the current flow directions of the energized wires at the positions of the overlapping coils are in the same direction. As the input electrical signal changes, the magnetic field force changes, driving the spherical surface of the elastic membrane to shrink and expand alternately. The changing frequency is the audio frequency of the spiral coil (i.e., the voice coil) formed by the input conductive rubber, causing the entire elastic membrane to participate in vibration, and the vibration frequency is the audio frequency, and the entire elastic membrane emits sound. The elastic membrane participates in two functions: one is elastic stretching, which requires softness; the other is the diaphragm function, which requires hardness; the two are contradictory. If the effect of such an entire elastic membrane is not good, small diaphragms in the shape of polygons or circles can be added to the entire elastic membrane. There are gaps between the small diaphragms, and the remaining entire gap is filled with an elastic membrane or part of the gap is filled with an elastic net. In this way, the elastic membrane (or elastic net) is responsible for stretching, and the diaphragm is responsible for sound emission. The connecting wire of the spiral coil is a flexible silver-plated copper wire or braided wire, which is resistant to bending and fatigue to adapt to the high-frequency vibration of the diaphragm.

[0006] The material of the second diaphragm of the present invention is as follows: there is a large spherical surface, which is formed by combining several spherical sub - surfaces with equal areas. Each of the spherical sub - surfaces is in the shape of a circular spherical surface or a polygonal spherical surface. The material of the spherical sub - surface is the diaphragm material. On the surface of each spherical sub - surface, a coil is pasted, so that each spherical sub - surface becomes a diaphragm. The whole diaphragm is spherical. After applying an audio electrical signal, the sound emitted is spherical. The designed spherical elastic membrane or spherical sub - surface has different mass densities and elastic coefficients in different regions. The mass (m) of each local elastic membrane and the elastic (k) force exerted by the surrounding form a spring oscillator, and its resonance period is T = 2π√(m / k). Therefore, in order to obtain different resonance frequencies, the specific gravity and elastic coefficient of the spherical elastic membrane designed are different in different regions, and the sum of the mass of the magnetic steel sheet and the surrounding diaphragm and the elastic coefficient of the lateral surround are different in different regions. For the frequency that the loudspeaker needs to increase, the resonance frequency formed by the mass (m) of the elastic membrane and the elasticity (k) exerted by the surrounding is designed to conform to this frequency. In this way, the sound frequencies emitted by the present invention are rich and the stereo effect is good. Such sound waves have never existed before and the stereo effect reaches the extreme.

[0007] As needed, the spherical angle of the spherical elastic membrane or the spherical diaphragm of the large spherical surface ranges from 20° to 300°. A smaller angle is easy to manufacture, while a larger angle results in higher costs. There is a special case. When the spherical angle is 180°, the elastic membrane becomes a plane, and the sound emitted is a plane wave without a stereo effect. However, it is still better than the current plane wave because the current plane wave loudspeaker has a single coil and a single frequency, while the present invention has several diaphragms with rich frequencies. The magnetic conductive spherical surface material connected to the end of the branch - shaped magnetic pole, such as soft iron, makes the magnetic field of the magnetic conductive spherical surface uniform.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: there are many diaphragms and many sound - generating vibration sources. The resonance frequencies of the diaphragms are different, and the frequencies are rich. The diaphragms are distributed on the spherical surface, realizing point - sound emission, with a better stereo effect and more vivid sound. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following will describe the technical solution of the present invention with the help of drawings.

[0010] Figure 1 It is a sectional view of the present invention in which the diaphragm composed of a spherical elastic membrane is in an open spherical magnetic field.

[0011] Figure 2 It is a sectional view of the present invention in which the diaphragm composed of a spherical elastic membrane is in a closed spherical magnetic field.

[0012] Figure 3It is a three-dimensional view of a diaphragm in which the spherical sub-surfaces of a polygon are connected by a transverse folding ring to form a large spherical surface.

[0013] Figure 4 It is a sectional view of the present invention in which the spherical sub-surfaces are connected by a transverse folding ring to form a large spherical surface.

[0014] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional view of a diaphragm in which a large spherical surface is constructed with small circular diaphragms on the spherical sub-surfaces.

[0015] In the figure: 1. Diaphragm; 2. Magnet; 3. Longitudinal support rod; 4. Bracket; 5. Spherical sub-surface; 6. Transverse folding ring; 7. Voice coil; 8. Another folding ring; 9. Diaphragm bracket. Specific implementation mode

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 This is an embodiment of the present invention. The diaphragm 1 is composed of a spherical elastic membrane, and it is a sectional view in an open magnetic field formed by the magnet 2. The end face of the lower end of the magnet 2 is a plane, which is shown as the S pole in the figure. The other end of the magnet 2 extends outward in a dendritic shape, which is shown as the N pole in the figure. The end of the dendritic shape is connected to a magnetically conductive spherical surface, such as a soft iron spherical surface, to form a spherical surface magnetic pole with the same magnetic field direction as the spherical surface of this point - N pole. Of course, the spherical surface magnetic pole can also be designed as the S pole. Such a magnetic field space is infinitely large and is an open magnetic field. There is a spherical diaphragm 1 on the outer surface of the spherical surface magnetic pole. The spherical diaphragm 1 has two material arrangement forms. One is a spherical elastic membrane, and this elastic membrane surrounds the inner spherical surface magnetic pole - N pole. The elastic membrane is insulating, and several spiral conductive rubbers are pasted on the surface. Each of the spiral conductive rubbers constitutes a spiral coil, and each spiral coil is a voice coil 7. The position structure of the voice coil 7 on the spherical diaphragm 1 can refer to Figure 3 That of the spherical sub-surface. The head and tail of the lead wire of each voice coil 7 are connected in an orderly manner by jumper leads or conductive rubbers in series or parallel, so that the N poles generated by each voice coil at a certain moment are all outward or all inward along their respective radial directions, so that the surface of the spherical diaphragm 1 either bulges or contracts simultaneously under the drive of the audio signal. The elasticity of the manufactured elastic membrane is matched with that of the conductive rubber, similar to adding balance weights to the dynamic balance of car wheels. By pasting insulating elastic membranes in other places, the elastic membrane remains spherical when bulging or contracting. The jumper leads for the head and tail of the voice coil 7 use soft wires woven from multiple strands of filaments, which are anti-bending and fatigue-resistant. The voice coil 7 can be arranged on the inner surface, or the outer surface, or both the inner and outer surfaces of the spherical diaphragm 1.

[0018] Figure 2This is another embodiment of the present invention, which is a sectional view of the diaphragm 1 formed by a spherical elastic membrane in the closed spherical magnetic field formed by the magnet 2. The N pole of the magnet 2 extends outward in a dendritic shape, and there are branched sub-magnetic fields N1 - N5, etc. in the spherical three-dimensional space. The intensity of the magnetic field at the end of the dendritic shape is uneven, so a magnetic conductive spherical surface made of a material like soft iron is connected at the end. The S pole of the magnet 2 is curved in a "square" shape and detours to the end of the dendritic shape to connect to another magnetic conductive spherical surface opposite to the said magnetic conductive spherical surface, and the inner and outer magnetic conductive spherical surfaces face each other to form a closed spherical magnetic field. Under the condition of the same magnetic poles, Figure 2 the magnetic field intensity of Figure 1 is stronger, but the structure is complex and the volume is large. Figure 2 the magnetic field of Figure 1 can be placed into Figure 1 the spherical diaphragm 1, and the arrangement of the spherical diaphragm 1 is the same as that described above

[0019] In Figure 1 the open spherical magnetic field of Figure 2 or the center of the closed spherical magnetic field space, the arrangement form of the second material is: there are several sub-spherical surfaces 5 with equal areas. The sub-spherical surface 5 is in the shape of a polygonal spherical surface, and the sub-spherical surfaces 5 are connected by a transverse folding ring 6 into a large spherical surface to form the diaphragm 1. The three-dimensional diagram of this diaphragm 1 is as shown in Figure 3 shown, Figure 3 the left figure shows the diaphragm 1 in the bulging state, Figure 3 the right figure shows the diaphragm 1 in the shrinking state. This one bulge and one shrink emit a periodic spherical wave, and the three-dimensional effect of such a wave is remarkable, superior to the waves emitted by the previous diaphragms. There are gaps left between the transverse directions of each sub-spherical surface 5, and the transverse folding ring 6 is used to connect each sub-spherical surface into a large spherical surface. In order to prevent the diaphragm 1 from collapsing, a longitudinal support rod 3 is connected in the middle of the transverse folding ring 6 in the direction pointing to the center of the circle, and the other end of the longitudinal support rod 3 is fixed on the inner magnetic pole surrounded by the said large spherical surface. The function of the longitudinal support rod 3 is as shown in Figure 4 shown, Figure 4The figure is a sectional view of an embodiment where the second material of the present invention is arranged in an open magnetic field. The sub-spheres 5 are connected by a transverse surround 6 to form a large spherical surface. In the figure, the positional relationship between the longitudinal strut 3, the transverse surround 6, the sub-spheres 5, and the inner magnetic pole can be clearly seen. The function of the longitudinal strut 3 is to support the transverse surround 6, and the function of the transverse surround 6 is to ensure the vibration and sound emission of the sub-spheres 5. Thus, only the sub-spheres 5 vibrate, the transverse surround 6 acts as an auxiliary, and the longitudinal strut 3 is fixed. The longitudinal strut 3 can also be replaced by a longitudinal surround 3. In this case, not only do the sub-spheres 5 vibrate, but the longitudinal surround 3 also makes longitudinal vibrations, and the transverse surround 6 makes transverse vibrations. The result of the vibration is that the diaphragm 1 of the entire large spherical surface bulges or shrinks simultaneously, compressing the gas medium externally to generate spherical longitudinal waves, resulting in a stronger three-dimensional effect. The elastic coefficients of the longitudinal surround 3 and the transverse surround 6 are not necessarily the same. When the elastic coefficient of the longitudinal surround 3 increases, it approaches the longitudinal strut 3. The fixed longitudinal strut 3 makes the vibration of each sub-sphere 5 independent, and the spherical degree of the emitted sound waves is not as good as that when using the longitudinal surround 3.

[0020] The material of the sub-spheres 5 is diaphragm material, and a coil is pasted on the surface, and this coil is the voice coil 7. Figure 4 is Figure 3 a sectional view in an open spherical magnetic field. The voice coil 7 is pasted onto the sub-sphere 5, and the cross-sectional view of the wire of the voice coil 7 is represented by the symbols "⊕" for incoming and "⊙" for outgoing. Each sub-sphere 5 is a small sound source. The "inner magnetic conductive sphere" mentioned refers to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 4 the spheres marked N1 - N5 in the figure.

[0021] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional view of the diaphragm of a large spherical surface constructed with circular sub-spheres 5. The entire spherical surface is like a rubber ball. The circular sub-spheres 5 are part of the spherical surface, made of diaphragm material, with a voice coil 7 pasted on it. After inputting audio current, the sub-spheres 5 vibrate to emit sound. The edge of the circular sub-spheres 5 is connected to the transverse surround 6, and the other end of the transverse surround 6 is connected to the diaphragm support 9. The shape of the diaphragm support 9 is like a rubber ball with the circular sub-spheres 5 removed. The diaphragm support 9 is rigid and is connected to the support 4 as a whole. The heads and tails of each voice coil 7 are connected in an orderly manner, so that all the circular sub-spheres 5 move inward or outward simultaneously. Figure 1 —— Figure 2 The spherical angle of the spherical elastic membrane shown is approximately 300°. Figure 1 —— Figure 2 The spherical angle of the large spherical surface formed by connecting the respective sub-spheres shown is approximately 300°. The spherical angle can be reduced, which makes the manufacturing process simple, the cost low, and it is easy to popularize.

[0022] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A moving coil loudspeaker with a spherical diaphragm, comprising a diaphragm, a magnet, a surround, a bracket, a lead wire and a dust cap, wherein the magnet is fixed on the bracket, and is characterized in that: The magnetic field of the magnet is open, with one end face being a plane and the other end expanding outward in a dendritic shape. The end of the dendritic shape is connected to a magnetically conductive spherical surface, forming a spherical magnetic field with the magnetic field direction being the same as the direction of the spherical surface of the sphere; the magnetic field of the magnet is either closed, with one end expanding outward in a dendritic shape, the end of the dendritic shape being connected to a magnetically conductive spherical surface, and the other end being curved in an "open square" shape and returning to the end of the dendritic shape to be connected to another magnetically conductive spherical surface opposite to the said magnetically conductive spherical surface. The inner and outer magnetically conductive spherical surfaces face each other to form a closed spherical magnetic field; at the center of the space of the open spherical magnetic field or the closed spherical magnetic field, there are two forms of material arrangement. One is a spherical elastic membrane, and the elastic membrane surrounds the inner magnetically conductive spherical surface. The elastic membrane is insulating. On the surface of the insulating spherical elastic membrane, several spiral conductive rubbers are pasted, and each spiral conductive rubber forms a spiral coil. The heads and tails of each spiral coil are orderly connected by jumper leads or conductive rubbers in series or parallel, so that the magnetic pole directions generated by the current passing through each connected spiral coil are the same along their respective radial directions, that is: the N poles generated by each spiral coil at a certain moment point outward or inward along their respective radial directions at the same time; the edge of the spherical elastic membrane is fixed on the bracket through another folding ring; the second form of material arrangement at the center of the space of the open spherical magnetic field or the closed spherical magnetic field is: there is a large spherical surface, and the large spherical surface surrounds the inner magnetically conductive spherical surface. The large spherical surface is divided into several polygonal or circular spherical segments, and there are gaps between the laterals of each spherical segment. The spherical segments are connected into the large spherical surface by transverse folding rings. At the middle of the transverse folding ring, a longitudinal support rod or a longitudinal folding ring is connected in the direction pointing to the center of the circle. The other end of the longitudinal support rod or the longitudinal folding ring is fixed on the inner magnetic pole surrounded by the large spherical surface; the material forming the spherical segments is a diaphragm material; on the surface of each spherical segment, a coil is pasted, and the heads and tails of each spiral coil are orderly connected by jumper leads in series or parallel, so that the magnetic pole directions generated by the current passing through each connected spiral coil are the same along their respective radial directions.

2. The moving coil loudspeaker with a spherical diaphragm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific gravity and elastic modulus of the spherical elastic membrane are different in different regions, or the mass density of the spherical segments and the elastic modulus of the transverse folding rings are different in different regions; the spherical angle value range of the spherical elastic membrane or the spherical diaphragm of the large spherical surface is 20° - 300°.

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