Machining device for circular tube spiral groove

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of spiral groove machining, and discloses a round pipe spiral groove machining device which comprises a mounting frame and a workpiece fixing assembly arranged at the bottom of the mounting frame and used for fixing a workpiece and further comprises a guide sleeve fixed to the mounting frame and a spiral guide sleeve movably connected into the guide sleeve. A lifting mechanism used for driving the spiral guide sleeve to move up and down is arranged at the top of the mounting frame, a spiral guider is fixed to the guide sleeve, a spiral guide sliding groove is formed in the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve, and the spiral guider is slidably connected into the spiral guide sliding groove; a tool bit reverser is fixed to the bottom of the spiral guide sleeve. Accurate spiral track control is achieved through cooperative movement of the spiral guide sleeve and the lifting mechanism, and the problems of parameter solidification and poor working condition adaptability in traditional machining are effectively solved in combination with a multi-dimensional data fusion tool feeding dynamic adjusting mechanism. The method has the advantages of dynamically adjusting machining parameters in real time, improving machining quality stability and adapting to complex working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of spiral groove machining, and particularly relates to a device for machining spiral grooves on a circular tube. Background Art

[0002] According to the machining requirements of different workpieces, it is sometimes necessary to machine spiral grooves inside the product cavity. The traditional spiral groove forming mainly adopts the die forming process, but this method has obvious defects: die forming will generate residual stress on the workpiece surface, change the microstructure of the material, and have an adverse impact on the key properties of the workpiece such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength.

[0003] To overcome the defects of die forming, the prior art adopts a mechanical machining method, fixes the workpiece on the machine tool chuck, drives the workpiece to rotate by a motor, and at the same time controls the axial feed movement of the tool to achieve spiral groove machining.

[0004] However, this machining method has the following technical bottlenecks: First, during the machining process, it is necessary to precisely coordinate the matching relationship between the workpiece rotation speed and the tool feed speed, which is complex to operate and has a low error tolerance; Second, the machining parameters of the existing device are fixed and cannot adapt to the dynamic working conditions such as uneven hardness distribution of the workpiece material during the machining process, change of cutting force caused by tool wear, and workpiece deformation caused by accumulation of cutting heat; Third, the traditional machining device lacks a real-time monitoring and feedback adjustment mechanism. When problems such as increased tool vibration and decreased machining quality occur, it is difficult to adjust in time, easily leading to quality problems such as out-of-tolerance spiral groove dimensions and excessive surface roughness.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the prior art urgently needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a device for machining spiral grooves on a circular tube, aiming to solve the problems that in the machining process of the existing device, it is necessary to precisely coordinate the matching relationship between the workpiece rotation speed and the tool feed speed, which is complex to operate and has a low error tolerance; Second, the machining parameters of the existing device are fixed and cannot adapt to the dynamic working conditions such as uneven hardness distribution of the workpiece material during the machining process, change of cutting force caused by tool wear, and workpiece deformation caused by accumulation of cutting heat, resulting in low machining quality of the internal spiral groove of the workpiece.

[0007] The present invention is implemented as follows. A processing device for circular tube spiral grooves includes a mounting frame, and a workpiece fixing component arranged at the bottom of the mounting frame for fixing a workpiece. It further includes: a guide sleeve fixed on the mounting frame, a spiral guide sleeve movably connected inside the guide sleeve, a lifting mechanism arranged at the top of the mounting frame for driving the spiral guide sleeve to move up and down, a spiral guide fixed on the guide sleeve, a spiral guide chute arranged on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve, and the spiral guide is slidably connected inside the spiral guide chute; a tool head commutator is fixed at the bottom of the spiral guide sleeve, at least one tool clamping sleeve is rotatably connected to the tool head commutator, a tool is fixed inside the tool clamping sleeve, and a rotation driving mechanism for driving the tool clamping sleeve to rotate is arranged inside the spiral guide sleeve; it further includes a tool feed state adjustment component for adjusting the downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve in real time, including: a data acquisition module for acquiring tool vibration data, tool rotation speed, downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve, current spiral groove width, current roughness inside the spiral groove, workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness; a workpiece state evaluation module for constructing a workpiece state evaluation model based on the workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness and outputting a workpiece state evaluation coefficient; a tool state evaluation module for constructing a tool state evaluation model based on the tool vibration data and tool rotation speed and outputting a tool state evaluation coefficient; a machining quality evaluation module for constructing a machining quality evaluation model based on the current spiral groove width and current roughness inside the spiral groove and outputting a machining quality evaluation coefficient; a workpiece-tool adaptability analysis module for constructing a workpiece-tool adaptability analysis model based on the workpiece state evaluation coefficient and tool state evaluation coefficient under the current machining quality evaluation coefficient and outputting a workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient; a feed speed adjustment module for constructing a feed speed adjustment model based on the current workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient and the current downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve, outputting a target movement speed, and adjusting the current downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve to the target movement speed.

[0008] In a further technical solution, the lifting mechanism includes a fixed frame fixed at the top of the mounting frame, a lifting frame is vertically slidably connected to the fixed frame, a hydraulic cylinder is fixed at the top of the fixed frame, the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lifting frame, and the top of the spiral guide sleeve is rotatably connected to the lifting frame.

[0009] In a further technical solution, the spiral guide chute includes a spiral guide groove 1, a spiral guide groove 2, a spiral guide groove 3 and an annular connection groove arranged on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve, and the annular connection groove is simultaneously communicated with the bottoms of the spiral guide groove 1, the spiral guide groove 2 and the spiral guide groove 3.

[0010] Further technical solution: The rotation driving mechanism includes a motor fixed to the bottom of the lifting frame and a main shaft rotatably connected inside the spiral guide sleeve. Pulley wheels are fixed to the top of the main shaft and the rotating end of the motor respectively, and the two pulley wheels are connected by a belt in transmission. The bottom of the main shaft extends into the tool head commutator and is fixed with a bevel gear I, and one end of the tool clamping sleeve extending into the tool head commutator is fixed with a bevel gear II, and the bevel gear II meshes with the bevel gear I.

[0011] Further technical solution: The workpiece fixing assembly includes a bottom plate fixed to the bottom of the mounting frame. A rotating disk is rotatably connected to the top of the bottom plate. A fixing bolt is threadedly connected to the rotating disk, and the end of the fixing bolt abuts against the top of the bottom plate. At least two guiding chutes are evenly arranged on the top of the rotating disk. A clamping block is slidably connected in the guiding chute. A lead screw is rotatably connected in the guiding chute. The lead screw penetrates through the clamping block and is threadedly connected to the clamping block. One end of the lead screw penetrates through the rotating disk and is provided with a regular hexagon counterbore.

[0012] Further technical solution: The feed speed adjustment model is:

[0013]

[0014] Wherein, is the target moving speed, is the downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve, is the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient, is the conservative adjustment factor.

[0015] Further technical solution: The workpiece-tool adaptability analysis model is:

[0016]

[0017] Wherein, is the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient, is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, is the tool state evaluation coefficient, is the machining quality evaluation coefficient.

[0018] Further technical solution: The machining quality evaluation model is:

[0019]

[0020] Wherein, is the machining quality evaluation coefficient, is the current spiral groove width, is the target groove width, is the allowable groove width tolerance, is the current roughness inside the spiral groove, is the maximum allowable roughness, is the groove width weight coefficient, is the roughness weight coefficient, .

[0021] A further technical solution is that the tool state evaluation model is:

[0022]

[0023] wherein, is the tool state evaluation coefficient, is the tool rotation speed, is the maximum allowable rotation speed of the tool, is the tool vibration frequency, is the vibration frequency threshold, is the rotation speed decay coefficient, The vibration is the decay coefficient.

[0024] A further technical solution is that the workpiece state evaluation model is:

[0025]

[0026] wherein, is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, is the workpiece temperature, is the critical softening temperature of the material, is the initial hardness of the workpiece at room temperature, is the workpiece temperature of the workpiece at is the temperature weight coefficient, is the hardness weight coefficient, .

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] A kind of device for processing circular tube spiral grooves provided by the present invention realizes precise spiral trajectory control through the coordinated movement of the spiral guide sleeve and the lifting mechanism, and combines a multi-dimensional data fusion tool feed dynamic adjustment mechanism, effectively solving the problems of fixed parameters and poor working condition adaptability in traditional processing, and having the advantages of real-time dynamic adjustment of processing parameters, improving the stability of processing quality and adapting to complex working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for processing circular tube spiral grooves provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is provided by the present invention Figure 1 the connection structure schematic diagram of the spiral guide sleeve in;

[0031] Figure 3 Provided by the present invention Figure 1 Internal structure schematic diagram of the guide sleeve in

[0032] Figure 4 Provided by the present invention Figure 3 Internal structure schematic diagram of the tool head commutator in

[0033] Figure 5 Provided by the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structure schematic diagram of A in

[0034] In the attached drawings: 101, mounting bracket; 102, guide sleeve; 103, spiral guide sleeve; 104, tool head commutator; 105, tool clamping sleeve; 106, tool; 107, spiral guide; 108, spiral guide chute; 2, lifting mechanism; 201, fixed bracket; 202, lifting bracket; 203, hydraulic cylinder; 301, first spiral guide groove; 302, second spiral guide groove; 303, third spiral guide groove; 304, annular connection groove; 4, rotary drive mechanism; 401, motor; 402, main shaft; 403, pulley; 404, belt; 405, first bevel gear; 406, second bevel gear; 5, workpiece fixing assembly; 501, rotating disk; 502, fixing bolt; 503, guide chute; 504, clamping block; 505, lead screw; 506, bottom plate. Specific embodiments

[0035] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0036] The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0037] In the prior art, the processing of circular tube spiral grooves often adopts processing methods such as die forming or the rotation of a machine tool chuck in cooperation with the feeding of a tool. Die forming is likely to change the electrical conductivity of the material, while the mechanical processing method requires precise control of the matching relationship between the rotational speed of the workpiece and the moving speed of the tool. The traditional device adopts fixed feeding parameters. When encountering sudden changes in the hardness of the workpiece material, increased vibration caused by tool wear, or softening of the workpiece caused by the accumulation of cutting heat, it is unable to dynamically adjust the processing parameters, resulting in problems such as out-of-tolerance spiral groove width and deteriorated surface roughness. Especially in the processing scenario of precision pipe fittings sensitive to electrical conductivity, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of the geometric accuracy and surface quality of the spiral groove.

[0038] To solve the above problems, a real-time perception-feedback regulation mechanism needs to be established for the dynamically changing working conditions during the machining process. Traditional speed control methods only focus on the execution of preset parameters and lack multi-dimensional monitoring of the machining state. Through analysis, it is found that there is a non-linear coupling relationship among the workpiece hardness change, tool vibration, and cutting temperature fluctuation, and it is difficult to achieve stable machining by adjusting a single parameter. Therefore, a closed-loop control system integrating multi-source data is proposed, which incorporates workpiece status, tool status, and machining quality parameters into a unified evaluation system, establishes a dynamic feed speed adjustment model, and realizes the intelligent adaptation of machining parameters.

[0039] As Figures 1-5 shown, a device for machining circular tube spiral grooves provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a mounting frame 101, and further includes: a guide sleeve 102 fixed on the mounting frame 101, a spiral guide sleeve 103 movably connected within the guide sleeve 102, a lifting mechanism 2 provided at the top of the mounting frame 101 for driving the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move up and down, a spiral guide 107 fixed on the guide sleeve 102, a spiral guide chute 108 provided on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve 103, and the spiral guide 107 is slidably connected within the spiral guide chute 108; a tool head commutator 104 is fixed at the bottom of the spiral guide sleeve 103; at least one tool clamping sleeve 105 is rotatably connected to the tool head commutator 104, a tool 106 is fixed within the tool clamping sleeve 105, and a rotation driving mechanism 4 for driving the tool clamping sleeve 105 to rotate is provided within the spiral guide sleeve 103; a workpiece fixing component 5 for fixing the workpiece is provided at the bottom of the mounting frame 101; and a tool feed state adjustment component for adjusting the downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103 in real time, including:

[0040] A data acquisition module for acquiring tool vibration data, tool rotation speed, downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103, current spiral groove width, current roughness within the spiral groove, workpiece temperature, and workpiece hardness;

[0041] A workpiece status evaluation module for constructing a workpiece status evaluation model based on the workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness and outputting a workpiece status evaluation coefficient;

[0042] A tool status evaluation module for constructing a tool status evaluation model based on the tool vibration data and tool rotation speed and outputting a tool status evaluation coefficient;

[0043] A machining quality evaluation module for constructing a machining quality evaluation model based on the current spiral groove width and current roughness within the spiral groove and outputting a machining quality evaluation coefficient;

[0044] The workpiece-tool adaptability analysis module constructs a workpiece-tool adaptability analysis model based on the workpiece state evaluation coefficient and the tool state evaluation coefficient under the current machining quality evaluation coefficient, and outputs the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient.

[0045] The feed speed adjustment module constructs a feed speed adjustment model based on the current workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient and the current downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103, outputs the target movement speed, and adjusts the current downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103 to the target movement speed.

[0046] The data acquisition module monitors the vibration spectrum, spindle speed, groove width dimension, surface topography, workpiece temperature and hardness value during the machining process in real time. The workpiece state evaluation module calculates the comprehensive influence of temperature softening and hardness loss. The tool state evaluation module evaluates the dynamic stability of the tool. The machining quality evaluation module feedbacks the current machining accuracy state. The adaptability analysis module generates a system matching degree index by synthesizing the three types of coefficients. The feed speed adjustment module dynamically corrects the feed speed according to the matching degree. When local hardening of the workpiece or abnormal vibration of the tool is detected, the feed speed is automatically reduced to avoid chatter. When the machining quality tends to be stable, the feed speed is moderately increased to improve efficiency.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the traditional device relies on preset parameters to perform machining, and cannot cope with the working condition changes caused by uneven workpiece material or tool wear, resulting in spiral groove size fluctuations and surface defects. This solution constructs an adaptive control mechanism for the machining system through multi-source data fusion and dynamic parameter adjustment. While maintaining the accuracy of the spiral trajectory, it compensates in real time for the machining errors caused by material property changes, tool wear and thermal deformation, and solves the quality control problem in the fixed-parameter machining mode.

[0048] Through the above technical solution, the present application realizes the dynamic optimization of the feed speed during the machining process, effectively suppresses the tool chatter caused by sudden changes in workpiece hardness, reduces the groove width deviation caused by the accumulation of cutting heat, and improves the consistency of the surface roughness of the spiral groove. Through the closed-loop feedback adjustment mechanism, on the premise of ensuring machining accuracy, the adaptability of the machining system to complex working conditions is improved, and it is especially suitable for the precision machining scenario of the inner wall spiral groove of pipe fittings with high conductivity requirements.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, when machining a spiral groove on a workpiece, the workpiece fixing assembly 5 fixes the workpiece, the rotation driving mechanism 4 drives the tool clamping sleeve 105 to rotate, the tool clamping sleeve 105 drives the tool 106 to rotate, and the lifting mechanism 2 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move downward. When the spiral guide sleeve 103 moves downward, the spiral guide 107 moves within the spiral guide chute 108. The spiral guide 107 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to rotate by pushing the side wall of the spiral guide chute 108. While the spiral guide sleeve 103 drives the tool head commutator 104 to move downward and rotate, the tool head commutator 104 drives the tool clamping sleeve 105 and the tool 106 to move downward in a spiral manner. The rotating and spiral downward moving tool 106 machines a spiral groove on the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0050] Preferably, the feed speed adjustment model is:

[0051]

[0052] Wherein, is the target moving speed, is the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103, is the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient, is a conservative adjustment factor (a correction parameter used to limit the adjustment range of the feed speed, which can be specifically implemented as a fixed value within a preset range or a variable dynamically adjusted according to historical machining data. Its role is to avoid drastic fluctuations in the feed speed caused by sudden changes in adaptability).

[0053] Specifically, this model is based on the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103 and realizes dynamic adjustment through the linear combination of the adaptability coefficient and the conservative adjustment factor . When approaches 1, the target moving speed is close to the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103, indicating that the system is in a stable machining state; when decreases, performs a decay correction on the speed. For example, when = 0.5 and = 0.2, the target moving speed is adjusted to 0.6 times the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103. This adjustment process is triggered by the adaptability coefficient fed back in real time, and can reduce the feed speed to reduce the tool load when the hardness of the workpiece locally mutates, or suppress the cutting force fluctuation when the tool vibration intensifies, thereby maintaining machining stability.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the traditional method relies on a preset fixed feed rate and cannot respond to dynamic disturbances caused by changes in workpiece hardness, tool wear, and thermal deformation during the machining process. In this solution, by establishing a mathematical relationship between the adaptability coefficient and the feed rate, multi-dimensional parameters of machining quality, workpiece state, and tool state are converted into speed adjustment instructions, realizing the closed-loop control of machining parameters.

[0055] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of the decline in the machining quality of spiral grooves caused by the fixed feed rate. By dynamically adjusting the tool feed rate, it effectively suppresses tool chatter caused by sudden changes in workpiece hardness, groove width deviation caused by the accumulation of cutting heat, and roughness deterioration caused by tool wear, thereby improving the forming accuracy and surface quality of spiral grooves.

[0056] The workpiece-tool adaptability analysis model is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Wherein, is the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient ( , the larger it is, the better the matching), is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, is the tool state evaluation coefficient, is the machining quality evaluation coefficient.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the traditional method relies on a single threshold to control the feed rate and cannot distinguish the combined effects of sudden changes in workpiece hardness, tool wear, and the accumulation of cutting heat. For example, in the prior art, the tool state is only judged by the vibration amplitude, ignoring the correlation between the rotational speed and the workpiece hardness, resulting in misjudgment or adjustment lag. This solution fuses multi-dimensional parameters through a non-linear model. When there is a sudden change in the local hardness of the workpiece, it can accurately identify the source of the abnormality by combining temperature changes and tool vibration data, and realize the differential adjustment of the feed rate through the dynamic calculation of the adaptability coefficient, avoiding over-compensation or under-compensation problems caused by single-parameter adjustment;

[0060] Through the above technical solution, this application can respond in real time to complex abnormal working conditions caused by changes in workpiece hardness, tool wear, and the accumulation of cutting heat during the machining process. By dynamically reducing the feed rate, it suppresses the fluctuation of cutting force and prevents the groove width of the spiral groove from exceeding the tolerance and the deterioration of surface roughness. For example, when there is a sudden local change in the workpiece hardness, the decrease in the adaptability coefficient triggers the adjustment of the feed rate to avoid tool chipping; when the workpiece softens due to the accumulation of cutting heat, the adaptability coefficient synchronously reduces the feed rate to reduce the deformation error. This solution significantly improves the stability and consistency of the machining quality of spiral grooves.

[0061] The machining quality evaluation model is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, is the processing quality evaluation coefficient ( , the smaller it is, the better the processing quality), is the current spiral groove width, is the target groove width, is the allowable groove width tolerance, is the internal roughness of the current spiral groove, is the maximum allowable roughness, is the groove width weight coefficient, is the roughness weight coefficient, .

[0064] The current spiral groove width refers to the processed groove width data obtained in real time through a laser measuring instrument or a contact probe. Specifically, it can be realized by a non-contact optical sensor and is used to quantify the deviation between the actual processed size and the target value. The allowable groove width tolerance refers to the allowable fluctuation range of the groove width set according to the process requirements. Specifically, it can be called through the process parameter database and is used to avoid excessive adjustment caused by minor fluctuations. The internal roughness of the current spiral groove refers to the microscopic surface topography parameters of the processed surface measured by a surface profilometer or a white light interferometer. Specifically, it can be realized by an on-line detection device and is used to characterize the degree of surface quality deterioration. The maximum allowable roughness refers to the surface roughness threshold set according to the functional requirements of the workpiece. Specifically, it can be determined through the process specification and is used to restrict the limit state of the surface quality. The groove width weight coefficient and the roughness weight coefficient refer to the priority parameters of the two quality indicators allocated according to the processing scenario requirements. Specifically, they can be adjusted through the human-machine interface input and are used to adapt to the different workpiece's emphasis on dimensional accuracy or surface quality requirements.

[0065] Specifically, the processing quality evaluation model generates a single evaluation coefficient by collecting the current spiral groove width and roughness data in real time, calculating the groove width deviation term and the roughness normalization term respectively, and performing a weighted square sum and square root operation on the two data according to the preset weight coefficient. The configurability of the weight coefficient allows adjusting the focus of quality evaluation according to the functional requirements such as the conductivity and mechanical strength of the workpiece. For example, in the scenario where conductivity is prioritized, the groove width weight is reduced to tolerate larger dimensional fluctuations, while in the scenario where mechanical strength is prioritized, the groove width weight is increased to strictly control the dimensional accuracy.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, traditional methods usually only monitor a single processing parameter or use a fixed threshold to judge the quality status, unable to quantify the cumulative effect of compound quality defects, and lacking process tolerance adaptability. This solution realizes the dynamic comprehensive evaluation of dimensional accuracy and surface quality by constructing a mathematical evaluation model integrating multiple parameters. At the same time, the allowable tolerance and the maximum roughness threshold are introduced to avoid misjudgment caused by process fluctuations or detection noise. The adjustable design of the weight coefficient further enhances the adaptability of the model to different processing requirements and overcomes the defect of the single evaluation dimension of traditional methods.

[0067] The tool state evaluation model is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Wherein, is the tool state evaluation coefficient ( , the smaller it is, the more stable the tool), is the tool rotation speed, is the maximum allowable rotation speed of the tool, is the tool vibration frequency, is the vibration frequency threshold (chatter critical point), is the rotation speed decay coefficient, is the vibration decay coefficient ( and usually take 3 - 5).

[0070] The tool rotation speed can specifically be measured by an encoder or a Hall sensor. The vibration frequency threshold can specifically be determined through material cutting tests or finite element simulations, used to judge whether the tool vibration is in a dangerous state. The rotation speed decay coefficient and the vibration decay coefficient can specifically be dynamically adjusted using empirical values or an adaptive algorithm.

[0071] Compared with the prior art, existing methods use a fixed feed speed and cannot dynamically adjust the processing parameters according to the tool rotation speed and vibration state, resulting in the tool being prone to chatter or increased wear during high - speed rotation or abnormal vibration. This solution establishes a quantitative evaluation model, fuses the rotation speed and vibration data into a single adaptability coefficient, and realizes the early identification of abnormal states based on the non - linear characteristics of the exponential function, thereby actively reducing the feed speed before the processing quality deteriorates.

[0072] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem that a constant feed speed cannot respond to the dynamic changes of the tool, and realizes the real - time monitoring and rapid response to the abnormal state of the tool.

[0073] The workpiece state evaluation model is as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, is the workpiece status evaluation coefficient ( ∈(0, 1), the larger it is, the worse the workpiece status), is the workpiece temperature, is the critical softening temperature of the material, is the initial hardness of the workpiece at room temperature, is the workpiece temperature at which the hardness of the workpiece is is the temperature weight coefficient, is the hardness weight coefficient, , is the Sigmoid function.

[0076] The workpiece temperature can be specifically realized by an infrared thermometer or an embedded thermocouple, which is used to capture the local temperature rise caused by the accumulation of cutting heat. The critical softening temperature of the material can be specifically obtained by material heat treatment experiments or querying the metal phase change database, which is used as a benchmark for judging the thermal deformation risk of the workpiece. The initial hardness of the workpiece at room temperature can be specifically measured offline by a Rockwell hardness tester before processing and input into the system. The hardness of the workpiece at can be specifically calculated by establishing a material hardness-temperature relationship function or interpolating the pre-stored thermal hardness curve.

[0077] Compared with the prior art, the traditional method only judges the overheating state of the workpiece through a fixed threshold, does not consider the coupling effect of temperature and hardness, and lacks dynamic response to the change of material properties. This solution realizes the multi-dimensional quantitative evaluation of the workpiece status by establishing a temperature-hardness two-factor evaluation model and combining with the material thermodynamics property database. The configurable weight coefficient enables the model to adapt to the processing requirements of different materials. For example, for easily heat-conducting materials such as aluminum alloy, the temperature weight can be reduced, while for low heat-conducting materials such as titanium alloy, the temperature monitoring priority can be increased.

[0078] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of processing parameter mismatch caused by the decrease in hardness and local softening of the material due to the increase in workpiece temperature, and avoids the problem of spiral groove size out-of-tolerance or surface roughness deterioration caused by the traditional method ignoring the dynamic change of hardness. By real-time outputting the workpiece status evaluation coefficient, it provides an accurate quantitative basis for the dynamic adjustment of the feed speed, effectively inhibits the workpiece deformation caused by the accumulation of cutting heat, and ensures the stability of the spiral groove processing quality.

[0079] Such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lifting mechanism 2 includes a fixed frame 201 fixed to the top of the mounting frame 101. A lifting frame 202 is vertically slidably connected to the fixed frame 201. A hydraulic cylinder 203 is fixed to the top of the fixed frame 201. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 203 is connected to the lifting frame 202. The top of the spiral guide sleeve 103 is rotatably connected to the lifting frame 202.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the initial state, the tool 106 is located above the workpiece. The hydraulic cylinder 203 extends. Under the guiding action of the fixed frame 201, the hydraulic cylinder 203 drives the lifting frame 202 to move downward, and the lifting frame 202 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move downward.

[0081] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spiral guide chute 108 includes a spiral guide groove one 301, a spiral guide groove two 302, a spiral guide groove three 303 and an annular connection groove 304 provided on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve 103. The annular connection groove 304 is simultaneously communicated with the bottoms of the spiral guide groove one 301, the spiral guide groove two 302 and the spiral guide groove three 303.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 4 shown, three spiral guide grooves with different spiral trajectories, namely a spiral guide groove one 301, a spiral guide groove two 302 and a spiral guide groove three 303, are provided on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve 103. When the spiral guide 107 cooperates with the spiral guide groove one 301, the spiral guide groove two 302 and the spiral guide groove three 303 respectively, the spiral movement trajectories of the tool 106 are different;

[0083] When adjusting the spiral movement trajectory of the tool 106, the hydraulic cylinder 203 contracts. The hydraulic cylinder 203 drives the lifting frame 202 to move upward, and the lifting frame 202 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move upward until the spiral guide 107 moves into the annular connection groove 304. Then rotate the spiral guide sleeve 103 to make the spiral guide 107 correspond to the lower end of the corresponding spiral guide groove one 301, spiral guide groove two 302 or spiral guide groove three 303. The hydraulic cylinder 203 extends, and the hydraulic cylinder 203 drives the lifting frame 202 to move downward, and the lifting frame 202 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move downward until the spiral guide 107 moves into the corresponding spiral guide 107 and the corresponding spiral guide groove one 301, spiral guide groove two 302 or spiral guide groove three 303.

[0084] As Figures 2-5As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotary drive mechanism 4 includes a motor 401 fixed to the bottom of the lifting frame 202, and a main shaft 402 rotatably connected within the spiral guide sleeve 103. Belt pulleys 403 are fixed to the top of the main shaft 402 and the rotating end of the motor 401 respectively. The two belt pulleys 403 are drivingly connected by a belt 404. The bottom of the main shaft 402 extends into the tool head commutator 104 and is fixed with a first bevel gear 405. A second bevel gear 406 is fixed to one end of the tool clamping sleeve 105 extending into the tool head commutator 104. The second bevel gear 406 meshes with the first bevel gear 405.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present invention, the rotating motor 401 drives the main shaft 402 to rotate through the belt pulleys 403 and the belt 404. The main shaft 402 drives the first bevel gear 405 to rotate. The first bevel gear 405 drives the second bevel gear 406 to rotate. The second bevel gear 406 drives the tool clamping sleeve 105 to rotate. The tool clamping sleeve 105 drives the tool 106 to rotate.

[0086] As Figure 1 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the workpiece fixing assembly 5 includes a bottom plate 506 fixed to the bottom of the mounting frame 101. A rotating disk 501 is rotatably connected to the top of the bottom plate 506. A fixing bolt 502 is threadedly connected to the rotating disk 501. The end of the fixing bolt 502 abuts against the top of the bottom plate 506. At least two guiding chutes 503 are evenly arranged on the top of the rotating disk 501. A clamping block 504 is slidably connected within the guiding chute 503. A lead screw 505 is rotatably connected within the guiding chute 503. The lead screw 505 passes through the clamping block 504 and is threadedly connected to the clamping block 504. One end of the lead screw 505 passes through the rotating disk 501 and is provided with a regular hexagon counterbore.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present invention, when spiral grooves are machined on the workpiece, the workpiece is placed on the rotating disk 501. The lead screw 505 is rotated. The lead screw 505 drives the clamping block 504 to move through a threaded transmission manner, thereby adjusting the position of the clamping block 504. In this embodiment, two clamping blocks 504 are provided. The two clamping blocks 504 clamp the workpiece. Then the rotating disk 501 is rotated to further adjust the machining position of the spiral groove. Then the fixing bolt 502 is rotated. The end of the fixing bolt 502 abuts against the bottom plate 506, thereby restricting the rotation of the rotating disk 501. When the same workpiece needs to be machined with spiral grooves at different positions multiple times, the fixing bolt 502 is loosened. Then the rotating disk 501 is rotated. The rotating rotating disk 501 drives the workpiece to rotate, thereby adjusting the machining position of the workpiece. Then the fixing bolt 502 is tightened. The end of the fixing bolt 502 abuts against the bottom plate 506, thereby restricting the rotation of the rotating disk 501. By rotating the rotating disk 501, when machining spiral grooves at different positions of the workpiece multiple times, it is not necessary to re-clamp the workpiece, thus improving the machining efficiency of the spiral groove.

[0088] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing device for spiral grooves of a circular pipe, comprising a mounting frame and a workpiece fixing assembly arranged at the bottom of the mounting frame for fixing a workpiece, characterized in that, It also includes: A guide sleeve fixed on the mounting bracket. A spiral guide sleeve is movably connected inside the guide sleeve. A lifting mechanism for driving the spiral guide sleeve to move up and down is arranged at the top of the mounting bracket. A spiral guide is fixed on the guide sleeve. A spiral guide chute is arranged on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve. The spiral guide slides in the spiral guide chute; A tool head commutator is fixed at the bottom of the spiral guide sleeve. At least one tool clamping sleeve is rotatably connected to the tool head commutator. A tool is fixed inside the tool clamping sleeve. A rotary drive mechanism for driving the tool clamping sleeve to rotate is arranged inside the spiral guide sleeve; It also includes a tool feed state adjustment component for adjusting the downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve in real time, including: A data acquisition module for acquiring tool vibration data, tool rotation speed, downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve, current spiral groove width, current roughness inside the spiral groove, workpiece temperature, and workpiece hardness; A workpiece state evaluation module for constructing a workpiece state evaluation model based on the workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness and outputting a workpiece state evaluation coefficient; A tool state evaluation module for constructing a tool state evaluation model based on the tool vibration data and tool rotation speed and outputting a tool state evaluation coefficient; A machining quality evaluation module for constructing a machining quality evaluation model based on the current spiral groove width and current roughness inside the spiral groove and outputting a machining quality evaluation coefficient; A workpiece-tool adaptability analysis module for constructing a workpiece-tool adaptability analysis model based on the workpiece state evaluation coefficient and tool state evaluation coefficient under the current machining quality evaluation coefficient and outputting a workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient; A feed speed adjustment module for constructing a feed speed adjustment model based on the current workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient and the downward movement speed of the current spiral guide sleeve, outputting a target movement speed, and adjusting the downward movement speed of the current spiral guide sleeve to the target movement speed.

2. The processing device for circular tube spiral grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism includes a fixed bracket fixed at the top of the mounting bracket. A lifting bracket is vertically slidably connected to the fixed bracket. A hydraulic cylinder is fixed at the top of the fixed bracket. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lifting bracket. The top of the spiral guide sleeve is rotatably connected to the lifting bracket.

3. The device for processing the spiral groove of a circular tube according to claim 1, wherein, The spiral guide chute includes a spiral guide groove one, a spiral guide groove two, a spiral guide groove three, and an annular connection groove arranged on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve. The annular connection groove is simultaneously communicated with the bottoms of the spiral guide groove one, the spiral guide groove two, and the spiral guide groove three.

4. The processing device for circular tube spiral grooves according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotary drive mechanism includes a motor fixed at the bottom of the lifting bracket and a main shaft rotatably connected inside the spiral guide sleeve. Pulley wheels are fixed at the top of the main shaft and the rotating end of the motor. The two pulley wheels are connected by a belt. The bottom of the main shaft extends into the tool head commutator and is fixed with a bevel gear one. A bevel gear two is fixed at one end of the tool clamping sleeve extending into the tool head commutator. The bevel gear two meshes with the bevel gear one.

5. The processing device for circular tube spiral grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece fixing component includes a bottom plate fixed at the bottom of the mounting bracket. A rotating disk is rotatably connected to the top of the bottom plate. A fixing bolt is threadedly connected to the rotating disk. The end of the fixing bolt abuts against the top of the bottom plate. At least two guide chutes are evenly arranged on the top of the rotating disk. A clamping block is slidably connected in the guide chute. A lead screw is rotatably connected in the guide chute. The lead screw passes through the clamping block and is threadedly connected to the clamping block. One end of the lead screw passes through the rotating disk and is provided with a regular hexagon counterbore.

6. The processing device for circular tube spiral grooves according to claim 1, wherein, The feed speed adjustment model is as follows: Among them, is the target moving speed, is the downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve, is the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient, is the conservative adjustment factor.

7. The processing device for spiral grooves of a circular tube according to claim 6, characterized in that, The workpiece-tool adaptability analysis model is as follows: Among them, is the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient, is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, is the tool state evaluation coefficient, is the machining quality evaluation coefficient.

8. The processing device for spiral grooves of a circular pipe according to claim 7, characterized in that, The machining quality evaluation model is as follows: Among them, is the machining quality evaluation coefficient, is the current spiral groove width, is the target groove width, is the allowable groove width tolerance, is the current internal roughness of the spiral groove, is the maximum allowable roughness, is the groove width weight coefficient, is the roughness weight coefficient, .

9. The machining device for circular tube spiral grooves according to claim 7, characterized in that, The tool condition evaluation model is as follows: Among them, is the tool status evaluation coefficient, is the tool rotation speed, is the maximum allowable rotation speed of the tool, is the tool vibration frequency, is the vibration frequency threshold, is the rotation speed attenuation coefficient, The vibration is the attenuation coefficient.

10. The device for processing spiral grooves on a circular tube according to claim 7, characterized in that, The workpiece condition evaluation model is as follows: Among them, is the workpiece status evaluation coefficient, is the workpiece temperature, is the critical softening temperature of the material, is the initial hardness of the workpiece at room temperature, is the workpiece temperature and the hardness of the workpiece under this temperature, is the temperature weight coefficient, is the hardness weight coefficient, .

Images