A device for processing spiral grooves in round tubes

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of spiral groove processing, and discloses a device for processing spiral grooves in round tubes, comprising a mounting frame, and a workpiece fixing assembly arranged at the bottom of the mounting frame for fixing a workpiece, further comprising: a guide sleeve fixed on the mounting frame, a spiral guide sleeve movably connected inside the guide sleeve, a lifting mechanism for driving the spiral guide sleeve to move up and down provided on the top of the mounting frame, a spiral guide fixed on the guide sleeve, a spiral guide slot provided on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve, the spiral guide slidingly connected in the spiral guide slot; a tool head commutator fixed at the bottom of the spiral guide sleeve. Accurate spiral trajectory control is achieved through the coordinated movement of the spiral guide sleeve and the lifting mechanism, and the tool feed dynamic adjustment mechanism combined with multi-dimensional data fusion effectively solves the problems of parameter solidification and poor adaptability to working conditions in traditional processing, and has the advantages of real-time dynamic adjustment of processing parameters, improved processing quality stability, and adaptability to complex working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of spiral groove processing, and in particular relates to a device for processing spiral grooves on round tubes. Background Art

[0002] Depending on the processing requirements of different workpieces, it is sometimes necessary to process spiral grooves inside the product cavity. Traditional spiral groove forming mainly adopts mold forming process, but this method has obvious defects: mold forming will produce residual stress on the workpiece surface, change the material microstructure, and have an adverse effect on key properties of the workpiece such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and mechanical strength.

[0003] In order to overcome the defects of mold forming, the existing technology adopts a mechanical processing method, fixing the workpiece on the machine tool chuck, driving the workpiece to rotate by a motor, and controlling the axial feed movement of the tool to realize spiral groove processing.

[0004] However, this processing method has the following technical bottlenecks: First, the matching relationship between the workpiece rotation speed and the tool feed speed needs to be precisely coordinated during the processing, which is complex to operate and has a low fault tolerance rate; second, the processing parameters of the existing device are fixed and cannot adapt to dynamic working conditions such as uneven hardness distribution of the workpiece material, changes in cutting force caused by tool wear, and workpiece deformation caused by cutting heat accumulation during the processing; third, the traditional processing device lacks real-time monitoring and feedback adjustment mechanism. When problems such as intensified tool vibration and reduced processing quality occur, it is difficult to make timely adjustments, which can easily lead to quality problems such as spiral groove size out of tolerance and surface roughness exceeding the standard.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the existing technology needs to be improved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a device for processing spiral grooves in round tubes, aiming to solve the problem that the existing device needs to accurately coordinate the matching relationship between the workpiece rotation speed and the tool feed speed during the processing process, which is complex to operate and has a low fault tolerance rate; secondly, the processing parameters of the existing device are fixed and cannot adapt to dynamic working conditions such as uneven hardness distribution of the workpiece material, changes in cutting force caused by tool wear, and deformation of the workpiece caused by cutting heat accumulation during the processing process, resulting in low quality of spiral groove processing in the workpiece.

[0007] The top of the guide rail is provided with a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is a lifting mechanism that the lifting mechanism is installed in the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is installed in the lifting mechanism. Moving speed, current spiral groove width, current spiral groove roughness, workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness; workpiece state evaluation module, constructs a workpiece state evaluation model based on workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness and outputs the workpiece state evaluation coefficient; tool state evaluation module, constructs a tool state evaluation model based on tool vibration data and tool rotation speed and outputs the tool state evaluation coefficient; processing quality evaluation module, constructs a processing quality evaluation model based on the current spiral groove width and the current spiral groove roughness and outputs the processing quality evaluation coefficient; workpiece-tool adaptability analysis module, constructs a workpiece-tool adaptability analysis model based on the workpiece state evaluation coefficient under the current processing quality evaluation coefficient and the tool state evaluation coefficient, and outputs the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient; feed speed adjustment module, constructs a feed speed adjustment model based on the current workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient and the current spiral guide sleeve downward moving speed, outputs the target moving speed, and adjusts the current spiral guide sleeve downward moving speed to the target moving speed.

[0008] A further technical solution is that the lifting mechanism includes a fixed frame fixed on the top of the mounting frame, a lifting frame is vertically slidably connected to the fixed frame, a hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the top of the fixed frame, the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lifting frame, and the top of the spiral guide sleeve is rotatably connected to the lifting frame.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the spiral guide groove includes spiral guide groove one, spiral guide groove two, spiral guide groove three and an annular connecting groove arranged on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve, and the annular connecting groove is simultaneously connected to the bottom of spiral guide groove one, spiral guide groove two and spiral guide groove three.

[0010] A further technical solution is that the rotation drive mechanism includes a motor fixed at the bottom of the lifting frame, and a main shaft rotatably connected in a spiral guide sleeve, pulleys are fixed to the top of the main shaft and the rotating end of the motor, and the two pulleys are connected by a belt drive, the bottom of the main shaft extends into the cutter head commutator and is fixed with bevel gear 1, and the end of the tool clamping sleeve extending into the cutter head commutator is fixed with bevel gear 2, and bevel gear 2 is meshed with bevel gear 1.

[0011] A further technical solution is that the workpiece fixing assembly includes a base plate fixed to the bottom of the mounting frame, a rotating disk is rotatably connected to the top of the base plate, a fixing bolt is threaded on the rotating disk, the end of the fixing bolt is against the top of the base plate, at least two guide slots are evenly arranged on the top of the rotating disk, a clamping block is slidably connected in the guide slot, a screw rod is rotatably connected in the guide slot, the screw rod passes through the clamping block and is threadedly connected to the clamping block, one end of the screw rod passes through the rotating disk and is provided with a regular hexagonal groove.

[0012] Further technical solution, the feed speed adjustment model is:

[0013]

[0014] in, is the target moving speed, is the downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve, is the workpiece-tool compatibility coefficient, is a conservative regulatory factor.

[0015] In a further technical solution, the workpiece-tool compatibility analysis model is:

[0016]

[0017] in, is the workpiece-tool compatibility coefficient, is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, is the tool condition evaluation coefficient, is the processing quality evaluation coefficient.

[0018] Further technical solution, the processing quality evaluation model is:

[0019]

[0020] in, is the processing quality evaluation coefficient, is the current spiral groove width, is the target slot width, To allow for slot width tolerance, is the roughness of the current spiral groove, is the maximum allowable roughness, is the slot width weight coefficient, is the roughness weight coefficient, .

[0021] In a further technical solution, the tool state evaluation model is:

[0022]

[0023] in, is the tool condition evaluation coefficient, is the tool rotation speed, The maximum speed allowed for the tool, is the tool vibration frequency, is the vibration frequency threshold, is the speed reduction coefficient, The vibration is the attenuation coefficient.

[0024] In a further technical solution, the workpiece state evaluation model is:

[0025]

[0026] in, is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, is the workpiece temperature, is the critical softening temperature of the material, is the initial hardness of the workpiece at room temperature, is the workpiece temperature The hardness of the workpiece under is the temperature weight coefficient, is the hardness weight coefficient, .

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention provides a device for processing spiral grooves in round tubes, which realizes precise spiral trajectory control through the coordinated movement of a spiral guide sleeve and a lifting mechanism. Combined with a dynamic adjustment mechanism for tool feed based on multi-dimensional data fusion, it effectively solves the problems of parameter solidification and poor adaptability to working conditions in traditional machining. It has the advantages of real-time dynamic adjustment of machining parameters, improved machining quality stability, and adaptability to complex working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a device for processing spiral grooves in round tubes provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 The present invention provides Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the spiral guide sleeve;

[0031] Figure 3 The present invention provides Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the middle guide sleeve;

[0032] Figure 4 The present invention provides Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the middle cutter head commutator;

[0033] Figure 5 The present invention provides Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of A in the figure.

[0034] In the accompanying drawings: 101, mounting frame; 102, guide sleeve; 103, spiral guide sleeve; 104, tool head commutator; 105, tool clamping sleeve; 106, tool; 107, spiral guide; 108, spiral guide chute; 2, lifting mechanism; 201, fixed frame; 202, lifting frame; 203, hydraulic cylinder; 301, spiral guide groove 1; 302, spiral guide groove 2; 303, spiral guide groove 3; 304, annular connecting groove; 4, rotating drive mechanism; 401, motor; 402, spindle; 403, pulley; 404, belt; 405, bevel gear 1; 406, bevel gear 2; 5, workpiece fixing assembly; 501, rotating disk; 502, fixing bolt; 503, guide chute; 504, clamping block; 505, screw rod; 506, base plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0036] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0037] In the existing technology, spiral groove processing of round tubes is usually done by mold forming or machine tool chuck rotation combined with tool feeding. Mold forming can easily change the conductive properties of the material, while mechanical processing methods require precise control of the matching relationship between the workpiece rotation speed and the tool movement speed. Traditional devices use fixed feed parameters. When encountering sudden changes in the hardness of the workpiece material, increased vibration caused by tool wear, or softening of the workpiece due to accumulated cutting heat, it is impossible to dynamically adjust the processing parameters, resulting in problems such as spiral groove width deviation and deterioration of surface roughness. Especially in the processing scenarios of precision pipe fittings that are sensitive to conductive properties, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of the spiral groove geometric accuracy and surface quality.

[0038] To address these issues, a real-time perception-feedback adjustment mechanism is needed to address the dynamically changing working conditions during machining. Traditional speed control methods focus solely on the execution of preset parameters and lack multi-dimensional monitoring of machining status. Analysis revealed a nonlinear coupling relationship between changes in workpiece hardness, tool vibration, and cutting temperature fluctuations, making it difficult to achieve stable machining by adjusting a single parameter. Therefore, a closed-loop control system integrating multi-source data is proposed. This system incorporates workpiece status, tool status, and machining quality parameters into a unified evaluation system, establishes a dynamic feed speed adjustment model, and achieves intelligent adaptation of machining parameters.

[0039] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, a device for processing spiral grooves in a round tube provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a mounting frame 101, and further includes: a guide sleeve 102 fixed on the mounting frame 101, a spiral guide sleeve 103 movably connected in the guide sleeve 102, a lifting mechanism 2 for driving the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move up and down is provided on the top of the mounting frame 101, a spiral guide 107 is fixed on the guide sleeve 102, a spiral guide groove 108 is provided on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve 103, and the spiral guide 107 is slidably connected to the spiral guide The guide sleeve 103 is provided with a tool head commutator 104 fixed at the bottom thereof; the tool head commutator 104 is rotatably connected to at least one tool clamping sleeve 105, a tool 106 is fixed in the tool clamping sleeve 105, and a rotary drive mechanism 4 for driving the tool clamping sleeve 105 to rotate is provided in the guide sleeve 103; a workpiece fixing assembly 5 for fixing the workpiece is provided at the bottom of the mounting frame 101; and a tool feed state adjustment assembly is also provided for adjusting the downward movement speed of the guide sleeve 103 in real time, including:

[0040] A data acquisition module is used to obtain tool vibration data, tool rotation speed, downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103, current spiral groove width, current spiral groove internal roughness, workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness;

[0041] Workpiece condition evaluation module, which builds a workpiece condition evaluation model based on workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness and outputs a workpiece condition evaluation coefficient;

[0042] Tool condition evaluation module, which builds a tool condition evaluation model based on tool vibration data and tool rotation speed and outputs tool condition evaluation coefficients;

[0043] The processing quality evaluation module builds a processing quality evaluation model based on the current spiral groove width and the current spiral groove roughness and outputs the processing quality evaluation coefficient;

[0044] The workpiece-tool adaptability analysis module constructs a workpiece-tool adaptability analysis model based on the workpiece state evaluation coefficient and the tool state evaluation coefficient under the current machining quality evaluation coefficient and outputs the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient;

[0045] The feed speed adjustment module constructs a feed speed adjustment model based on the current workpiece-tool compatibility coefficient and the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103 to output the target moving speed and adjust the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103 to the target moving speed.

[0046] The data acquisition module monitors the vibration spectrum, spindle speed, slot width, surface topography, workpiece temperature, and hardness during machining in real time. The workpiece condition evaluation module calculates the combined effects of temperature softening and hardness loss. The tool condition evaluation module assesses tool dynamic stability, and the machining quality evaluation module provides feedback on the current machining accuracy. The adaptability analysis module combines three coefficients to generate a system matching index. The feed speed adjustment module dynamically adjusts the feed speed based on the matching index. If localized hardening of the workpiece or abnormal tool vibration is detected, the feed speed is automatically reduced to prevent chatter. When machining quality stabilizes, the feed speed is appropriately increased to improve efficiency.

[0047] Compared with existing technologies, traditional devices rely on preset parameters to perform machining, making them unable to cope with changes in working conditions caused by uneven workpiece materials or tool wear, resulting in fluctuations in spiral groove dimensions and surface defects. This solution, through multi-source data fusion and dynamic parameter adjustment, establishes an adaptive control mechanism for the machining system. While maintaining the accuracy of the spiral trajectory, it also compensates in real time for machining errors caused by material property changes, tool wear, and thermal deformation, thus solving the quality control problem of fixed parameter machining mode.

[0048] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves dynamic optimization of feed rate during machining, effectively suppresses tool chatter caused by sudden changes in workpiece hardness, reduces groove width deviation caused by cutting heat accumulation, and improves the consistency of spiral groove surface roughness. Through a closed-loop feedback adjustment mechanism, while ensuring machining accuracy, the machining system's adaptability to complex working conditions is enhanced, making it particularly suitable for precision machining of spiral grooves on the inner walls of pipes with high conductivity requirements.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, when a spiral groove is processed on a workpiece, the workpiece fixing assembly 5 fixes the workpiece, the rotary drive mechanism 4 drives the tool clamping sleeve 105 to rotate, the tool clamping sleeve 105 drives the tool 106 to rotate, and the lifting mechanism 2 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move downward. When the spiral guide sleeve 103 moves downward, the spiral guide 107 moves in the spiral guide slot 108, and the spiral guide 107 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to rotate by pushing the side wall of the spiral guide slot 108. The spiral guide sleeve 103 drives the tool head commutator 104 to move downward while rotating, and the tool head commutator 104 drives the tool clamping sleeve 105 and the tool 106 to move spirally downward. The rotating and spirally moving tool 106 processes the spiral groove on the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0050] Preferably, the feed speed adjustment model is:

[0051]

[0052] in, is the target moving speed, is the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103, is the workpiece-tool compatibility coefficient, It is a conservative adjustment factor (a correction parameter used to limit the adjustment range of the feed speed, which can be implemented by a fixed value within a preset range or a variable dynamically adjusted according to historical processing data. Its function is to avoid drastic fluctuations in the feed speed due to sudden changes in adaptability).

[0053] Specifically, the model is based on the current downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103 and the adaptability coefficient Conserved regulatory factors The linear combination of can achieve dynamic adjustment. When it approaches 1, the target moving speed is close to the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103, indicating that the system is in a stable processing state; When lowered, Apply a decay correction to the speed, for example when =0.5 and = 0.2, the target moving speed is adjusted to 0.6 times the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve 103. This adjustment process is triggered by the adaptability coefficient of real-time feedback. It can reduce the feed rate to reduce the tool load when the workpiece hardness suddenly changes locally, or suppress cutting force fluctuations when the tool vibration intensifies, thereby maintaining processing stability.

[0054] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods rely on a fixed, preset feed rate and are unable to respond to dynamic disturbances caused by changes in workpiece hardness, tool wear, and thermal deformation during machining. This solution, by establishing a mathematical relationship between the adaptability coefficient and feed rate, converts multi-dimensional parameters such as machining quality, workpiece condition, and tool condition into speed adjustment commands, achieving closed-loop control of machining parameters.

[0055] Through the above technical solution, the present application solves the problem of decreased processing quality of spiral grooves due to the solidification feed speed. By dynamically adjusting the tool feed speed, it effectively suppresses tool chatter caused by sudden changes in workpiece hardness, groove width deviation caused by cutting heat accumulation, and roughness deterioration caused by tool wear, thereby improving the forming accuracy and surface quality of the spiral groove.

[0056] The workpiece-tool compatibility analysis model is:

[0057]

[0058] in, is the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient ( , The larger the value, the better the match). is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, is the tool condition evaluation coefficient, is the processing quality evaluation coefficient.

[0059] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods rely on a single threshold to control feed speed, and are unable to distinguish between sudden changes in workpiece hardness, coupled effects of tool wear and cutting heat accumulation. For example, existing technologies only judge tool status by vibration amplitude, ignoring the correlation between rotational speed and workpiece hardness, leading to misjudgment or adjustment lag. This solution integrates multi-dimensional parameters through a nonlinear model. When the local hardness of the workpiece suddenly changes, it can accurately identify the source of the anomaly by combining temperature changes and tool vibration data. It also achieves differentiated adjustment of the feed speed through dynamic calculation of the adaptability coefficient, avoiding over-compensation or under-compensation problems caused by single parameter adjustment.

[0060] Through the above technical solution, the present application can respond in real time to complex abnormal working conditions caused by changes in workpiece hardness, tool wear, and cutting heat accumulation during the machining process. By dynamically reducing the feed rate, it can suppress cutting force fluctuations and prevent spiral groove width deviations and surface roughness deterioration. For example, when the workpiece hardness suddenly changes locally, the decrease in the adaptability coefficient triggers feed rate adjustment to avoid tool chipping; when the workpiece softens due to cutting heat accumulation, the adaptability coefficient simultaneously reduces the feed rate to reduce deformation errors. This solution significantly improves the stability and consistency of spiral groove machining quality.

[0061] The processing quality evaluation model is:

[0062]

[0063] in, is the processing quality evaluation coefficient ( , The smaller the value, the better the processing quality). is the current spiral groove width, is the target slot width, To allow for slot width tolerance, is the roughness of the current spiral groove, is the maximum allowable roughness, is the slot width weight coefficient, is the roughness weight coefficient, .

[0064] The current spiral groove width refers to the processing groove width data obtained in real time by a laser measuring instrument or a contact probe. Specifically, it can be implemented by a non-contact optical sensor, which is used to quantify the deviation between the actual processing size and the target value. The allowable groove width tolerance refers to the allowable fluctuation range of the groove width set according to the process requirements. Specifically, it can be called through the process parameter database to avoid over-adjustment due to small fluctuations. The current roughness inside the spiral groove refers to the microscopic morphology parameters of the processed surface measured by a surface profiler or a white light interferometer. Specifically, it can be implemented by an online detection device to characterize the degree of surface quality deterioration. The maximum allowable roughness refers to the surface roughness threshold set according to the functional requirements of the workpiece. Specifically, it can be determined through process specifications and is used to constrain the limit state of surface quality. The groove width weight coefficient and the roughness weight coefficient refer to the priority parameters of the two quality indicators assigned according to the requirements of the processing scenario. Specifically, they can be adjusted through the human-machine interface input to adapt to the emphasis of different workpieces on dimensional accuracy or surface quality.

[0065] Specifically, the machining quality evaluation model collects the current spiral groove width and roughness data in real time, calculates the groove width deviation term and the roughness normalization term, and then performs a weighted square root operation on the two data points according to preset weight coefficients to generate a single evaluation coefficient. The configurable weight coefficient allows the quality evaluation emphasis to be adjusted according to functional requirements such as workpiece conductivity and mechanical strength. For example, in scenarios where conductivity is prioritized, the groove width weight can be reduced to tolerate greater dimensional fluctuations, while in scenarios where mechanical strength is prioritized, the groove width weight can be increased to strictly control dimensional accuracy.

[0066] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods typically monitor only a single processing parameter or use fixed thresholds to judge quality status. This method is unable to quantify the cumulative effect of complex quality defects and lacks adaptability to process tolerances. This solution constructs a multi-parameter mathematical evaluation model to achieve a dynamic, comprehensive assessment of dimensional accuracy and surface quality. It also introduces allowable tolerances and maximum roughness thresholds to avoid misjudgments due to process fluctuations or detection noise. The adjustable weight coefficient design further enhances the model's adaptability to different processing requirements, overcoming the traditional method's single evaluation dimension.

[0067] The tool condition evaluation model is:

[0068]

[0069] in, is the tool condition evaluation coefficient ( , The smaller the value, the more stable the tool). is the tool rotation speed, The maximum speed allowed for the tool, is the tool vibration frequency, is the vibration frequency threshold (chatter critical point), is the speed reduction coefficient, is the vibration attenuation coefficient ( and Usually 3-5).

[0070] The tool rotation speed can be measured by an encoder or a Hall sensor. The vibration frequency threshold can be determined through material cutting tests or finite element simulations to determine whether the tool vibration is in a dangerous state. The speed attenuation coefficient and the vibration attenuation coefficient can be dynamically adjusted using empirical values or adaptive algorithms.

[0071] Compared with existing technologies, existing methods use a fixed feed rate and cannot dynamically adjust machining parameters based on tool speed and vibration conditions. This can lead to chatter and increased wear when the tool rotates at high speeds or experiences abnormal vibrations. This solution establishes a quantitative evaluation model that combines speed and vibration data into a single adaptability coefficient. This approach uses the nonlinear characteristics of an exponential function to identify abnormal conditions early, proactively reducing the feed rate before machining quality deteriorates.

[0072] Through the above technical solution, the present application solves the problem that a constant feed rate cannot respond to dynamic changes of the tool, and realizes real-time monitoring and rapid response to abnormal status of the tool.

[0073] The workpiece state evaluation model is:

[0074]

[0075] in, is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient ( ∈(0, 1), The larger the value, the worse the workpiece condition). is the workpiece temperature, is the critical softening temperature of the material, is the initial hardness of the workpiece at room temperature, is the workpiece temperature The hardness of the workpiece under is the temperature weight coefficient, is the hardness weight coefficient, , is the Sigmoid function.

[0076] The workpiece temperature can be measured using an infrared thermometer or an embedded thermocouple to capture the local temperature rise caused by cutting heat accumulation. The critical softening temperature of the material can be obtained through material heat treatment experiments or metal phase change database queries as a benchmark for judging the risk of thermal deformation of the workpiece. The initial hardness of the workpiece at room temperature can be measured offline using a Rockwell hardness tester before processing and entered into the system. The workpiece temperature The hardness of the workpiece can be calculated by establishing a material hardness-temperature relationship function or calling a pre-stored thermal hardness curve interpolation.

[0077] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods only use fixed thresholds to determine the overheating status of a workpiece, fail to consider the coupling effect of temperature and hardness, and lack a dynamic response to changes in material properties. This solution establishes a temperature-hardness dual-factor evaluation model, combined with a database of material thermodynamic properties, to achieve a multi-dimensional quantitative assessment of the workpiece status. The configurable weight coefficients enable the model to adapt to the processing requirements of different materials. For example, the temperature weight can be reduced for highly thermally conductive materials such as aluminum alloys, while the temperature monitoring priority can be increased for less thermally conductive materials such as titanium alloys.

[0078] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application solves the problem of machining parameter mismatch caused by the decrease in hardness and local softening of the material due to increased workpiece temperature. It also avoids the spiral groove dimensional deviations and deterioration of surface roughness caused by traditional methods that ignore the dynamic changes in hardness. By outputting the workpiece state evaluation coefficient in real time, it provides a precise quantitative basis for the dynamic adjustment of the feed speed, effectively suppressing workpiece deformation caused by cutting heat accumulation and ensuring the stability of spiral groove processing quality.

[0079] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lifting mechanism 2 includes a fixed frame 201 fixed on the top of the mounting frame 101, a lifting frame 202 is vertically slidably connected to the fixed frame 201, a hydraulic cylinder 203 is fixed on the top of the fixed frame 201, the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 203 is connected to the lifting frame 202, and the top of the spiral guide sleeve 103 is rotatably connected to the lifting frame 202.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the initial state, the tool 106 is located above the workpiece, the hydraulic cylinder 203 is extended, and under the guidance of the fixed frame 201, the hydraulic cylinder 203 drives the lifting frame 202 to move downward, and the lifting frame 202 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move downward.

[0081] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spiral guide groove 108 includes a spiral guide groove 1 301, a spiral guide groove 2 302, a spiral guide groove 303 and an annular connecting groove 304 arranged on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve 103, and the annular connecting groove 304 is simultaneously connected to the bottom of the spiral guide groove 1 301, the spiral guide groove 2 302 and the spiral guide groove 303.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve 103 is provided with three spiral guide grooves 1 301, 2 spiral guide grooves 302 and 3 spiral guide grooves 303 with different spiral trajectories. When the spiral guide 107 cooperates with the spiral guide groove 1 301, the spiral guide groove 2 302 and the spiral guide groove 303 respectively, the spiral movement trajectories of the tool 106 are different.

[0083] When adjusting the spiral movement trajectory of the tool 106, the hydraulic cylinder 203 contracts, and the hydraulic cylinder 203 drives the lifting frame 202 to move upward, and the lifting frame 202 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move upward until the spiral guide 107 moves into the annular connecting groove 304, and then the spiral guide sleeve 103 is rotated to make the spiral guide 107 correspond to the lower end of the corresponding spiral guide groove 1 301, spiral guide groove 2 302 or spiral guide groove 3 303, and the hydraulic cylinder 203 extends, and the hydraulic cylinder 203 drives the lifting frame 202 to move downward, and the lifting frame 202 drives the spiral guide sleeve 103 to move downward until the spiral guide 107 moves to the corresponding spiral guide 107 and the corresponding spiral guide groove 1 301, spiral guide groove 2 302 or spiral guide groove 3 303.

[0084] like Figure 2-Figure 5As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotation drive mechanism 4 includes a motor 401 fixed at the bottom of the lifting frame 202, and a main shaft 402 rotatably connected in the spiral guide sleeve 103, and pulleys 403 are fixed on the top of the main shaft 402 and the rotating end of the motor 401, and the two pulleys 403 are connected by a belt 404. The bottom of the main shaft 402 extends into the tool head commutator 104 and is fixed with a bevel gear 1 405, and the tool clamping sleeve 105 extends into one end of the tool head commutator 104 and is fixed with a bevel gear 2 406, and the bevel gear 2 406 is meshed with the bevel gear 1 405.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present invention, the rotating motor 401 drives the main shaft 402 to rotate through the pulley 403 and the belt 404, the main shaft 402 drives the bevel gear 1 405 to rotate, the bevel gear 1 405 drives the bevel gear 2 406 to rotate, the bevel gear 2 406 drives the tool clamping sleeve 105 to rotate, and the tool clamping sleeve 105 drives the tool 106 to rotate.

[0086] like Figure 1 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the workpiece fixing assembly 5 includes a base plate 506 fixed to the bottom of the mounting frame 101, and the top of the base plate 506 is rotatably connected to a rotating disk 501, and a fixing bolt 502 is threadedly connected to the rotating disk 501, and the end of the fixing bolt 502 is against the top of the base plate 506, and at least two guide grooves 503 are evenly arranged on the top of the rotating disk 501, and a clamping block 504 is slidably connected in the guide groove 503, and a screw rod 505 is rotatably connected in the guide groove 503, and the screw rod 505 passes through the clamping block 504 and is threadedly connected to the clamping block 504, and one end of the screw rod 505 passes through the rotating disk 501 and is provided with a regular hexagonal groove.

[0087] In an embodiment of the present invention, when a spiral groove is processed on a workpiece, the workpiece is placed on the rotating disk 501, and the screw rod 505 is rotated. The screw rod 505 drives the clamping block 504 to move by screw transmission, thereby adjusting the position of the clamping block 504. In this embodiment, two clamping blocks 504 are provided, and the two clamping blocks 504 clamp the workpiece. Then, the rotating disk 501 is rotated to further adjust the processing position of the spiral groove. Then, the fixing bolt 502 is rotated, and the end of the fixing bolt 502 is abutted against the bottom plate 506, thereby limiting the rotation of the rotating disk 501. When the same workpiece needs to be spirally grooved multiple times at different positions, the fixing bolt 502 is loosened, and then the rotating disk 501 is rotated. The rotating rotating disk 501 drives the workpiece to rotate, thereby adjusting the processing position of the workpiece. Then, the fixing bolt 502 is tightened, and the end of the fixing bolt 502 is abutted against the bottom plate 506, thereby limiting the rotation of the rotating disk 501. By rotating the rotating disk 501, when the spiral grooves are processed multiple times at different positions of the workpiece, there is no need to re-clamp the workpiece, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the spiral groove.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for processing spiral grooves in a round tube, comprising a mounting frame and a workpiece fixing assembly provided at the bottom of the mounting frame for fixing the workpiece, characterized in that: Also includes: A guide sleeve is fixed on the mounting frame, a spiral guide sleeve is movably connected in the guide sleeve, a lifting mechanism is provided on the top of the mounting frame for driving the spiral guide sleeve to move up and down, a spiral guide is fixed on the guide sleeve, a spiral guide slot is provided on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve, and the spiral guide is slidably connected in the spiral guide slot; A cutter head commutator is fixed to the bottom of the spiral guide sleeve, and at least one tool clamping sleeve is rotatably connected to the cutter head commutator. A tool is fixed in the tool clamping sleeve, and a rotary drive mechanism for driving the tool clamping sleeve to rotate is provided in the spiral guide sleeve; It also includes a tool feed state adjustment component for adjusting the downward movement speed of the spiral guide sleeve in real time, including: A data acquisition module is used to obtain tool vibration data, tool rotation speed, spiral guide sleeve downward movement speed, current spiral groove width, current spiral groove internal roughness, workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness; Workpiece condition evaluation module, which builds a workpiece condition evaluation model based on workpiece temperature and workpiece hardness and outputs a workpiece condition evaluation coefficient; Tool condition evaluation module, which builds a tool condition evaluation model based on tool vibration data and tool rotation speed and outputs tool condition evaluation coefficients; The processing quality evaluation module builds a processing quality evaluation model based on the current spiral groove width and the current spiral groove roughness and outputs the processing quality evaluation coefficient; The workpiece-tool adaptability analysis module constructs a workpiece-tool adaptability analysis model based on the workpiece state evaluation coefficient and the tool state evaluation coefficient under the current machining quality evaluation coefficient and outputs the workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient; The feed speed adjustment module constructs a feed speed adjustment model based on the current workpiece-tool adaptability coefficient and the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve to output the target moving speed and adjust the current downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve to the target moving speed.

2. The device for processing spiral grooves on round tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a fixed frame fixed on the top of the mounting frame, a lifting frame is vertically slidably connected to the fixed frame, a hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the top of the fixed frame, the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lifting frame, and the top of the spiral guide sleeve is rotatably connected to the lifting frame.

3. The device for processing spiral grooves on round tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral guide groove includes spiral guide groove one, spiral guide groove two, spiral guide groove three and an annular connecting groove arranged on the side wall of the spiral guide sleeve. The annular connecting groove is connected to the bottom of spiral guide groove one, spiral guide groove two and spiral guide groove three at the same time.

4. The device for processing spiral grooves in round tubes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism includes a motor fixed at the bottom of the lifting frame, and a main shaft connected to rotate in a spiral guide sleeve. Pulleys are fixed to the top of the main shaft and the rotating end of the motor. The two pulleys are connected by a belt drive. The bottom of the main shaft extends into the cutter head commutator and is fixed with bevel gear 1. The tool clamping sleeve extends into one end of the cutter head commutator and is fixed with bevel gear 2. Bevel gear 2 is meshed with bevel gear 1.

5. The device for processing spiral grooves on round tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece fixing assembly includes a base plate fixed to the bottom of the mounting frame, a rotating disk is rotatably connected to the top of the base plate, a fixing bolt is threaded on the rotating disk, the end of the fixing bolt is against the top of the base plate, at least two guide slots are evenly arranged on the top of the rotating disk, a clamping block is slidably connected in the guide slot, a screw rod is rotatably connected in the guide slot, the screw rod passes through the clamping block and is threadedly connected to the clamping block, one end of the screw rod passes through the rotating disk and is provided with a regular hexagonal groove.

6. The device for processing spiral grooves in round tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed speed adjustment model is: in, is the target moving speed, is the downward moving speed of the spiral guide sleeve, is the workpiece-tool compatibility coefficient, is a conservative regulatory factor.

7. The device for processing spiral grooves on round tubes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The workpiece-tool compatibility analysis model is: in, is the workpiece-tool compatibility coefficient, is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, is the tool condition evaluation coefficient, is the processing quality evaluation coefficient.

8. The device for processing spiral grooves in round tubes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The processing quality evaluation model is: in, is the processing quality evaluation coefficient, is the current spiral groove width, is the target slot width, To allow for slot width tolerance, is the roughness of the current spiral groove, is the maximum allowable roughness, is the slot width weight coefficient, is the roughness weight coefficient, .

9. The device for processing spiral grooves in round tubes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tool condition evaluation model is: in, is the tool condition evaluation coefficient, is the tool rotation speed, The maximum speed allowed for the tool, is the tool vibration frequency, is the vibration frequency threshold, is the speed reduction coefficient, The vibration is the attenuation coefficient.

10. The device for processing spiral grooves on round tubes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The workpiece status evaluation model is: in, is the workpiece state evaluation coefficient, is the workpiece temperature, is the critical softening temperature of the material, is the initial hardness of the workpiece at room temperature, is the workpiece temperature The hardness of the workpiece under is the temperature weight coefficient, is the hardness weight coefficient, .

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