Multi-process numerical control machine tool suitable for complex shaft parts

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and discloses a multi-process numerical control machine tool suitable for complex shaft parts, the multi-process numerical control machine tool comprises a mounting seat and a clamping rotating device, the clamping rotating device is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting seat, and a limiting mechanism for clamping and limiting the shaft parts is arranged at the top of the mounting seat; the supporting block jacks up the connecting block and one rack in the moving process, one rack moves to drive the gear ring and the gear roller to rotate, and therefore the other racks are driven to gather towards the middle of the mounting ring to clamp the shaft part, the part is supported and limited through the multiple sets of racks, the distance between the supporting end of the part and the tool bit is shortened, and the machining efficiency is improved. By means of the technical scheme, the part can bear larger bending moment, bending deformation of the part in the cutting process is effectively avoided, the part machining precision is improved, the multiple sets of racks support the part and meanwhile have the positioning effect, and concentricity deviation of the part in the repeated positioning process is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled machine tools, and particularly to a multi-process numerically controlled machine tool suitable for complex shaft parts. Background Technique

[0002] A numerically controlled machine tool, abbreviated as a CNC machine tool, is an automated machine tool equipped with a program control system. CNC machine tools have the characteristics of high machining accuracy, the ability to machine complex parts, and high production efficiency, and are commonly used for machining shaft parts.

[0003] Before machining a shaft part on a numerically controlled machine tool, it is necessary to use the clamping and rotating device on the machine tool to clamp and fix the part, and then drive the shaft part to rotate through the clamping and rotating device. The cutting tool head is located outside the shaft part, and the cutting depth of the shaft part is adjusted by controlling the feed amount of the cutting tool head. When machining a long shaft part, the long shaft part is horizontally fixed in the clamping and rotating device. The longer the long shaft part, the greater the span in the horizontal direction, and the greater the distance between the support points at both ends of the part. This will cause the part to be subjected to a greater bending moment in the middle area, so the part is more likely to bend and deform, thereby easily reducing the machining accuracy of the long shaft part. In addition, when machining complex shaft parts, there are differences in the cutting depth at different positions, and the feed speed and distance of the tool head need to be continuously adjusted. Therefore, the force between the tool head and the part is difficult to accurately control. The greater the distance between the tool head and the support point at the end of the part, the easier it is to cause the part to bend, further reducing the cutting accuracy of the part.

[0004] Therefore, a multi-process numerically controlled machine tool suitable for complex shaft parts is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-process numerically controlled machine tool suitable for complex shaft parts to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A multi-process numerically controlled machine tool suitable for complex shaft parts, including a mounting base and a clamping and rotating device. The clamping and rotating device is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting base. A limiting mechanism for clamping and limiting the shaft part is arranged on the top of the mounting base. An equidistant adjustment mechanism for equally expanding and contracting the limiting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the limiting mechanism. A supporting mechanism for driving the limiting mechanism is arranged between the limiting mechanism and the equidistant adjustment mechanism. A cutting mechanism for machining the shaft part is arranged outside the limiting mechanism; The equidistant adjustment mechanism includes a motor, which is fixedly connected to one end of the mounting seat away from the clamping and rotating device. The output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with a first transmission wheel. Another first transmission wheel is rotatably connected to one side of the mounting seat close to the motor. A first transmission belt is connected between the two first transmission wheels. A plug rod is fixedly connected to one side of the first transmission wheel close to the mounting seat. The top of the plug rod is meshed with a second lead screw. Two limiting plates are fixedly connected to the top of the mounting seat. A first lead screw is rotatably connected to the top of the mounting seat. A sleeve is fixedly connected to one end of the first lead screw close to the plug rod. A convex tooth is slidably connected to the inside of the plug rod. A first spring is fixedly connected between the convex tooth and the inner wall of the plug rod. The support mechanism includes a square shell, which is threadedly connected to the outside of the second lead screw. A cam is rotatably connected to the inside of the square shell. A serrated plate is slidably connected to the inside of the square shell. A support block is placed on the top of the serrated plate. A threaded column is fixedly connected to one end of the cam that penetrates and extends to the outside of the square shell.

[0007] Preferably, the limiting mechanism includes equidistantly arranged mounting rings and sliding bases. The mounting rings are fixedly connected to the tops of the sliding bases. The sliding bases are slidably connected between the two limiting plates. A stop block is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding base close to the front of the mounting seat. A toothed ring and a toothed roller are rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting ring. The outside of the toothed roller is meshed with a rack. One end of the rack at the bottom of the mounting ring away from the center point of the mounting ring is fixedly connected with a connecting block. One end of the rack close to the center point of the mounting ring is rotatably connected with a roller. A threaded tube is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding base close to the motor. A worm is rotatably connected to the top of the mounting ring close to the motor. The bottom of the worm is meshed with a worm gear. One end of the rack close to the motor and close to the center point of the mounting ring is fixedly connected with a fixing plate. A baffle is rotatably connected to the inside of the fixing plate. A ball is slidably connected to the inside of the baffle. A second spring is fixedly connected between the ball and the inner wall of the baffle.

[0008] Preferably, the cutting mechanism includes two third lead screws. Both of the two third lead screws are rotatably connected to the top of the mounting seat. Sliders are slidably connected to the outsides of the two third lead screws. A support column and a fixed tube are respectively fixedly connected to the tops of the two sliders. A water tank is fixedly connected to the outside of the mounting seat. A water pump is fixedly connected to the top of the water tank. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the inside of the support column. An expansion rod is fixedly connected to the top end of the rotating rod. A torsion spring is fixedly connected between the outer wall of the rotating rod and the inner wall of the support column. A cutter head is fixedly connected to one end of the expansion rod close to the mounting ring. A bent plate is slidably connected to one side of the support column close to the mounting ring. A third spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bent plate. A stop piece is fixedly connected to the top end of the bent plate.

[0009] Preferably, a collection mechanism for collecting cutting debris and cooling water is provided inside the mounting base. The collection mechanism includes a diversion plate. There are two diversion plates, and the two diversion plates are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the mounting base. A water storage box is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting base, and a filter box is placed on the top of the water storage box.

[0010] Preferably, second transmission wheels are fixedly connected to the outside of the second lead screw and one ends of two third lead screws close to the motor. A second transmission belt is connected in transmission between the second transmission wheels of the second lead screw and the third lead screws.

[0011] Preferably, tooth grooves are formed in the circumferences of the inner walls of the sleeves. The ends of the insertion rods are inserted into the interiors of the sleeves, and the convex teeth are embedded in the tooth grooves.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the support block is provided with saw teeth. The saw tooth surface of the saw tooth plate faces upward. The saw teeth at the bottom of the support block are embedded in the gaps between the saw teeth of the saw tooth plate. The saw tooth plate is placed on the top of the cam, and a nut is threadedly connected to the outside of the threaded column.

[0013] Preferably, the threaded tube is threadedly connected to the outside of the first lead screw. A connecting rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of each sliding base. The ends of adjacent two connecting rods are rotatably connected, and the connecting rod far from the threaded tube is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting base.

[0014] Preferably, the toothed ring and the toothed roller are meshed. The worm wheel is fixedly connected to one side of the toothed ring close to the motor. Both sides of the connecting block are provided with inclined surfaces.

[0015] Preferably, there are two retaining pieces. The two retaining pieces are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the bent plate. The opposite surfaces of the two retaining pieces are respectively attached to both sides of the telescopic rod.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: First: During the movement of the support block, the connecting block and a rack are jacked up. The movement of one rack drives the toothed ring and the toothed roller to rotate, thereby driving the remaining racks to gather towards the middle of the mounting ring to clamp the shaft-like part. The multi-group racks support and limit the part, shortening the distance between the support end of the part and the tool head, enabling the part to withstand a greater bending moment, effectively avoiding the bending deformation of the part during cutting, improving the machining accuracy of the part. While the multi-group racks support the part, they also play a positioning role, preventing the concentricity from deviating during repeated positioning of the part, ensuring the machining accuracy of the part, and solving the manufacturing accuracy problem of complex shaft-like parts.

[0017] Second: Two support blocks are used to drive two groups of racks simultaneously to support both sides of the position where the part is cut by the tool bit. The racks not supported by the support blocks open under the action of gravity, reducing the friction force on the shaft parts during rotation, avoiding part wear and reducing energy consumption at the same time. The movement of the support blocks can change the lifted racks, facilitating the adjustment of the support and limit positions of the racks for the part according to the cutting position of the part, ensuring that the part will not be deformed by force, further improving the machining accuracy of the part. Rotating the cam can adjust the height of the support block, adjusting the lifted height of the connecting block and the rack, facilitating the clamping of parts with different diameters by the rack.

[0018] Third: The connecting rod is used to connect each sliding base, enabling each sliding base to open and contract synchronously and equidistantly, facilitating the adjustment of the position of the rack according to the length of the shaft part, enabling multiple groups of racks to clamp the part evenly, improving the support effect of the part. By blocking the part with two baffles at different positions in the fixed plate, the relative position between the mounting ring and the part can be adjusted, staggering the position of the part inside the mounting ring, avoiding the mounting ring from blocking the part and interfering with part processing, enabling the device to machine all parts of the surface of the shaft part, and the shaft part can complete the cutting process with only one clamping, avoiding the reduction of part manufacturing accuracy caused by repeated clamping.

[0019] Fourth: When the bent plate moves to the position where the connecting block is located, the stop block presses down the bent plate, enabling the telescopic rod to deflect when it contacts the mounting ring during movement, facilitating the adjustment of the position of the telescopic rod. When the bent plate is between the two mounting rings, the third spring extends to reset the bent plate, and the stop piece blocks both sides of the telescopic rod, avoiding the tool bit from deflecting under force during cutting. Through this design, it is convenient to adjust the cutting position of the tool bit while ensuring the stability of the tool bit. The two sliders move synchronously, keeping the fixed tube and the tool bit always in a vertical plane, facilitating the cooling of the cutting position of the part by the fixed tube.

[0020] Fifth: Through the diversion of the diversion plate, the cooling water sprayed from the fixed tube can wash the cutting debris into the water storage box, and then the debris is filtered by the filter box to achieve the separation of the cooling water and the debris. This design can separate and collect the cooling water and the debris, facilitating the treatment of waste materials and the recycling of water, achieving the effect of saving resources. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the water pump structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of the installation seat structure of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the first transmission wheel structure of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the connection of the sleeve structure of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic cross-sectional view of the sleeve structure of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the installation of the connecting rod structure of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the installation of the toothed roller structure of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic cross-sectional view of the installation ring structure of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic cross-sectional view of the fixing plate structure of the present invention; Figure 12 Schematic cross-sectional view of the square housing structure of the present invention; Figure 13 Schematic cross-sectional view of the support column structure of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1, mounting base; 2, clamping and rotating device; The equidistant adjustment mechanism includes: 301, motor; 302, first transmission wheel; 303, first transmission belt; 304, insertion rod; 305, second lead screw; 306, limit plate; 307, sleeve; 308, first lead screw; 309, convex teeth; 310, first spring; 311, connecting rod; The limiting mechanism includes: 401, mounting ring; 402, sliding base; 403, stop block; 404, rack; 405, connecting block; 406, toothed ring; 407, toothed roller; 408, roller; 409, threaded pipe; 410, worm gear; 411, worm; 412, fixing plate; 413, baffle; 414, ball; 415, second spring; The support mechanism includes: 501, square housing; 502, cam; 503, threaded column; 504, serrated plate; 505, support block; The cutting mechanism includes: 601, third lead screw; 602, slider; 603, support column; 604, torsion spring; 605, rotating rod; 606, telescopic rod; 607, cutter head; 608, stop piece; 609, bent plate; 610, third spring; 611, fixed pipe; 612, water tank; 613, water pump; The collection mechanism includes: 701, guide plate; 702, water storage box; 703, filter box. Detailed implementation method

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 13 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: a multi-process numerical control machine tool suitable for complex shaft parts, including a mounting base 1 and a clamping and rotating device 2. The clamping and rotating device 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting base 1. A limiting mechanism for clamping and limiting the shaft parts is arranged on the top of the mounting base 1. An equidistant adjustment mechanism for equidistantly expanding and contracting the limiting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the limiting mechanism. A supporting mechanism for driving the limiting mechanism is arranged between the limiting mechanism and the equidistant adjustment mechanism. A cutting mechanism for cutting the shaft parts is arranged outside the limiting mechanism; The equidistant adjustment mechanism includes a motor 301. The motor 301 is fixedly connected to one end of the mounting base 1 away from the clamping and rotating device 2. The output shaft of the motor 301 is fixedly connected with a first transmission wheel 302. Another first transmission wheel 302 is rotatably connected to one side of the mounting base 1 close to the motor 301. A first transmission belt 303 is connected between the two first transmission wheels 302. A plug rod 304 is fixedly connected to one side of the first transmission wheel 302 close to the mounting base 1. The top of the plug rod 304 is meshed with a second lead screw 305. Two limiting plates 306 are fixedly connected to the top of the mounting base 1. A first lead screw 308 is rotatably connected to the top of the mounting base 1. A sleeve 307 is fixedly connected to one end of the first lead screw 308 close to the plug rod 304. A convex tooth 309 is slidably connected to the inside of the plug rod 304. A first spring 310 is fixedly connected between the convex tooth 309 and the inner wall of the plug rod 304; The supporting mechanism includes a square shell 501. The square shell 501 is threadedly connected to the outside of the second lead screw 305. A cam 502 is rotatably connected to the inside of the square shell 501. A serrated plate 504 is slidably connected to the inside of the square shell 501. A support block 505 is placed on the top of the serrated plate 504. A threaded column 503 is fixedly connected to one end of the cam 502 that penetrates and extends outside the square shell 501.

[0025] Further, the limiting mechanism includes equally spaced mounting rings 401 and sliding bases 402. The mounting rings 401 are fixedly connected to the top of the sliding bases 402. The sliding bases 402 are slidably connected between two limiting plates 306. One end of the sliding base 402 close to the front of the mounting seat 1 is fixedly connected with a stop block 403. Inside the mounting ring 401, a toothed ring 406 and a toothed roller 407 are rotatably connected. The outer side of the toothed roller 407 is meshed with a rack 404. One end of the rack 404 at the bottom of the mounting ring 401, away from the center point of the mounting ring 401, is fixedly connected with a connecting block 405. One end of the rack 404 close to the center point of the mounting ring 401 is rotatably connected with a roller 408. The inner wall of the connecting block 405 close to the motor 301 is fixedly connected with a threaded tube 409. The top of the mounting ring 401 close to the motor 301 is rotatably connected with a worm 411. The bottom of the worm 411 is meshed with a worm gear 410. One end of the rack 404 close to the motor 301, close to the center point of the mounting ring 401, is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 412. Inside the fixing plate 412, a baffle 413 is rotatably connected. Inside the baffle 413, a ball 414 is slidably connected. A second spring 415 is fixedly connected between the ball 414 and the inner wall of the baffle 413.

[0026] Further, the cutting mechanism includes two third lead screws 601. Both of the two third lead screws 601 are rotatably connected to the top of the mounting seat 1. The outer sides of both of the two third lead screws 601 are slidably connected with sliders 602. The tops of the two sliders 602 are respectively fixedly connected with a support column 603 and a fixed tube 611. The outer side of the mounting seat 1 is fixedly connected with a water tank 612. The top of the water tank 612 is fixedly connected with a water pump 613. Inside the support column 603, a rotating rod 605 is rotatably connected. The top end of the rotating rod 605 is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod 606. A torsion spring 604 is fixedly connected between the outer wall of the rotating rod 605 and the inner wall of the support column 603. One end of the telescopic rod 606 close to the mounting ring 401 is fixedly connected with a cutter head 607. One side of the support column 603 close to the mounting ring 401 is slidably connected with a bent plate 609. The bottom of the bent plate 609 is fixedly connected with a third spring 610. The top end of the bent plate 609 is fixedly connected with a stop piece 608.

[0027] Further, a collecting mechanism for collecting cutting debris and cooling water is arranged inside the mounting seat 1. The collecting mechanism includes two guide plates 701. The two guide plates 701 are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the mounting seat 1. The inner wall of the mounting seat 1 is fixedly connected with a water storage box 702. A filter box 703 is placed on the top of the water storage box 702.

[0028] Further, second drive wheels are fixedly connected to the outer part of the second lead screw 305 and one ends of two third lead screws 601 close to the motor 301, and a second drive belt is connected between the second drive wheels of the second lead screw 305 and the third lead screws 601 for transmission.

[0029] Under the action of the second drive wheels and the second drive belt, the two third lead screws 601 rotate synchronously, driving the two sliders 602 to move synchronously in the same direction, so that the fixed pipe 611 and the tool bit 607 are always in a vertical plane, enabling the cooling water sprayed from the fixed pipe 611 to fall onto the cutting position of the tool bit 607.

[0030] Further, tooth grooves are formed in the circumferences of the inner walls of the sleeves 307. The ends of the insertion rods 304 are inserted into the interiors of the sleeves 307, and the convex teeth 309 are embedded into the interiors of the tooth grooves.

[0031] The first spring 310 is always in a compressed state. Since the outer part of the first lead screw 308 is in threaded connection with the threaded pipe 409, when the external force applied to the threaded pipe 409 is too large to move further, the extrusion force received by the convex teeth 309 enables them to disengage from the tooth grooves of the sleeves 307, and the rotation of the insertion rods 304 can no longer drive the sleeves 307 to rotate.

[0032] Further, the bottom of the support block 505 is provided with saw teeth, the saw tooth surface of the saw tooth plate 504 faces upward, the saw teeth at the bottom of the support block 505 are embedded into the gaps between the saw teeth of the saw tooth plate 504, the saw tooth plate 504 is placed on the top of the cam 502, and a nut is in threaded connection with the outer part of the threaded column 503.

[0033] The purpose of embedding the saw teeth at the bottom of the support block 505 into the gaps between the saw teeth of the saw tooth plate 504 is to prevent the support block 505 from sliding on the saw tooth plate 504 when a horizontal thrust is applied to the support block 505. While the support block 505 is convenient for manual adjustment of the position, it can avoid sliding of the mutual force received by the support block 505 when squeezing the inclined surface of the connection block 405.

[0034] Further, the threaded pipe 409 is in threaded connection with the outer part of the first lead screw 308. A connecting rod 311 is rotatably connected to the bottom of each sliding base 402, the ends of two adjacent connecting rods 311 are rotatably connected, and the connecting rod 311 away from the threaded pipe 409 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting seat 1.

[0035] The sliding base 402 can only move linearly under the limitation of the limiting plate 306. The middle part of the connecting rod 311 is rotatably connected to the sliding base 402. When the position of one sliding base 402 changes, it can drive the connecting rod 311 to deflect. Subsequently, the end of the connecting rod 311 moves, driving the other connecting rods 311 connected thereto to deflect. Since the ends of multiple connecting rods 311 are sequentially rotatably connected, each connecting rod 311 can deflect synchronously. Subsequently, the distance between each sliding base 402 can be adjusted synchronously.

[0036] Further, the toothed ring 406 and the toothed roller 407 are meshed and connected. The worm gear 410 is fixedly connected to one side of the toothed ring 406 close to the motor 301. Both sides of the connecting block 405 are provided with inclined surfaces.

[0037] When the support block 505 moves, it can drive the connecting block 405 to move upward by squeezing the inclined surface of the connecting block 405. The rotation of the toothed ring 406 can drive all the toothed rollers 407 meshed therewith to rotate synchronously in the same direction. Subsequently, each rack 404 is driven to close or open.

[0038] Further, there are two baffle plates 608, and the two baffle plates 608 are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the bent plate 609. The opposite surfaces of the two baffle plates 608 are respectively attached to both sides of the telescopic rod 606.

[0039] The function of the baffle plate 608 is to limit the telescopic rod 606, so that the telescopic rod 606 cannot rotate when being limited by the baffle plate 608, avoiding the deflection of the telescopic rod 606 caused by the force on the tool head 607 and resulting in the offset of the tool head 607.

[0040] The clamping and rotating device 2 is used to fix the end of the shaft-like part and can drive the part to rotate. The part is limited by multiple racks 404, avoiding the position deviation of the part during repeated positioning in multiple machining processes, ensuring the concentricity of the part, and improving the machining accuracy of the part.

[0041] Working principle: In the initial state, each rack 404 is in an open state. After a worker passes one end of the shaft-like part through all the mounting rings 401, the end of the part is clamped and fixed by the clamping and rotating device 2. The baffle 413 close to the part in each fixing plate 412 is turned out. The second spring 415 always remains in a compressed state. The stretching elastic force of the second spring 415 drives the ball 414 to press against the inner wall of the fixing plate 412, so that the baffle 413 can maintain the turned-out state. The worker turns the worm 411 to drive the worm gear 410 to rotate. The rotation of the worm gear 410 drives the toothed ring 406 to rotate. The rotation of the toothed ring 406 drives all the toothed rollers 407 meshed therewith to rotate synchronously in the same direction. The rotation of the toothed roller 407 drives the rack 404 meshed therewith to move closer to the center point of the mounting ring 401; Usage steps: The worker starts the motor 301 to drive the first transmission wheel 302 to rotate. Through the transmission of the first transmission wheel 302, another first transmission wheel 302 is driven to rotate. The rotation of the first transmission wheel 302 drives the plug rod 304 to rotate. The rotation of the plug rod 304 drives the convex tooth 309 to rotate. Due to the stretching elastic force of the first spring 310, the convex tooth 309 is driven to engage into the tooth groove on the inner wall of the sleeve 307. The rotation of the convex tooth 309 drives the sleeve 307 to rotate. The rotation of the sleeve 307 drives the first lead screw 308 to rotate. Since the threaded pipe 409 is fixed to the sliding base 402 and the sliding base 402 is restricted by the limiting plate 306 to only move linearly, the rotation of the first lead screw 308 drives the threaded pipe 409 and the sliding base 402 fixed to the threaded pipe 409 to move away from the motor 301. When the sliding base 402 moves, it drives the connecting rod 311 rotatably connected to it to deflect. Since each connecting rod 311 is rotatably connected in sequence and the middle of the connecting rod 311 is rotatably connected to the sliding base 402, when one of the connecting rods 311 deflects and the end of the connecting rod 311 moves, the connecting rod 311 can drive the connected connecting rod 311 to deflect by the same amplitude, and then all the connecting rods 311 deflect synchronously. Therefore, during the movement of the above-mentioned sliding base 402, it can drive the other sliding bases 402 to move through the connecting rod 311, so that the distances between the sliding bases 402 are kept consistent. The movement of the sliding base 402 drives the mounting ring 401, the rack 404, the fixing plate 412 and the baffle 413 to move. When the baffle 413 contacts the end face of the shaft-like part to be processed, supported by the shaft-like part to be processed, the baffle 413 can no longer move. At this time, the fixing plate 412 and the baffle 413 limit and fix the end of the part. The sliding base 402 fixed to the convex tooth 309 can no longer move, the first lead screw 308 and the sleeve 307 can no longer rotate, and the plug rod 304 continues to rotate, causing the convex tooth 309 to be extruded and disengaged from the tooth groove of the sleeve 307; The insertion rod 304 continues to rotate to drive the second lead screw 305 to rotate. Under the driving action of the second transmission disc and the second transmission belt, the second lead screw 305 rotates to drive two third lead screws 601 to rotate synchronously. The slider 602 fits against the top surface of the mounting base 1. The third lead screw 601 rotates to drive the slider 602 to slide on the top of the mounting base 1. The movement of the slider 602 drives the support column 603 and the fixed tube 611 to move synchronously. The movement of the support column 603 drives the rotating rod 605, the telescopic rod 606, the cutter head 607, the retaining piece 608 and the bending plate 609 to move. During the movement of the telescopic rod 606, it will come into contact with the mounting ring 401. Before the telescopic rod 606 contacts the mounting ring 401, the slider 602 drives the bending plate 609 to move so that the bending plate 609 is squeezed against the stop block 403. The stop block 403 squeezes the bending plate 609 to compress the third spring 610. The bending plate 609 is squeezed and moves downward. The bending plate 609 drives the retaining piece 608 to move downward so that the retaining piece 608 no longer contacts the telescopic rod 606. The slider 602 continues to move to drive the telescopic rod 606 to move. When the telescopic rod 606 contacts the mounting ring 401 and continues to move, since the mounting ring 401 is fixed, the telescopic rod 606 will continue to be pushed by the mounting ring 401, causing the lower telescopic rod 606 and the rotating rod 605 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating rod 605 compresses the torsion spring 604. After the telescopic rod 606 passes through the mounting ring 401, the torsion spring 604 releases its elastic force to rotate the telescopic rod 606 back to its original position. After the bending plate 609 loses the extrusion of the stop block 403, the stretching elastic force of the third spring 610 drives the bending plate 609 and the retaining piece 608 to move upward, and the retaining piece 608 fits against the side of the telescopic rod 606 again to prevent the telescopic rod 606 from rotating during cutting processing; The worker manually rotates the cam 502 to adjust the height of the top surface of the cam 502. The cam 502 supports the serrated plate 504 and drives the serrated plate 504 to slide in the square housing 501, realizing the height adjustment of the serrated plate 504, thereby adjusting the height of the support block 505 placed on the serrated plate 504. The outer thread of the threaded column 503 is connected with a nut. By tightening the nut, the cam 502 and the square housing 501 are fixed. The second lead screw 305 rotates to drive the square housing 501 to move away from the motor 301. The movement of the square housing 501 drives the support block 505 to move. The movement of the support block 505 squeezes the inclined surface of the connecting block 405 to drive the connecting block 405 to move upward. The connecting block 405 drives the rack 404 fixed to it to move upward. The upward movement of the rack 404 drives the toothed ring 406 engaged with it to rotate. The rotation of the toothed ring 406 drives all the toothed rollers 407 engaged with it to rotate synchronously in the same direction, and then drives each rack 404 to close. The closing of the rack 404 drives the rollers 408 to close and contact the part to support and limit the outside of the part; The worker controls the clamping and rotating device 2 to drive the shaft-like part to be processed to rotate. At the same time, the water tank 612 is started to convey the water in the water pump 613 to the fixed pipe 611. The worker controls the telescopic rod 606 to extend, driving the cutter head 607 to approach the rotating shaft-like part for cutting the part. The water in the fixed pipe 611 is sprayed to the cutting position of the part for cooling. After the water and cutting debris fall onto the guide plate 701, they slide off the guide plate 701 and fall into the filter box 703. The filter box 703 filters the debris, allowing the water to fall into the water storage box 702, completing the separation and collection of the debris and water; After the initial cutting of the shaft-like part, the part of the part blocked by the mounting ring 401 is in a blocked state and not cut. The worker controls the output shaft of the motor 301 to rotate in the reverse direction, driving each component in the device to reset, resetting the previously flipped-out baffle 413, and then flipping out the remaining baffles 413. Repeat the above steps to use the fixing plate 412 and the baffle 413 to support and limit the end of the part. At this time, due to the different positions of the fixing plate 412 in the two operations, the moving distances of the sliding base 402 and the threaded pipe 409 are different, so that the positions of the respective mounting rings 401 are changed and no longer in the previous positions, facilitating the cutting of the previously blocked positions of the part.

[0042] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the said element.

[0043] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts, comprising a mounting base (1) and a clamping and rotating device (2), characterized in that: The clamping and rotating device (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting base (1). A limiting mechanism for clamping and limiting shaft parts is arranged on the top of the mounting base (1). An equidistant adjustment mechanism for equidistantly expanding and contracting the limiting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the limiting mechanism. A supporting mechanism for driving the limiting mechanism is arranged between the limiting mechanism and the equidistant adjustment mechanism. A cutting mechanism for machining shaft parts is arranged outside the limiting mechanism. The equidistant adjustment mechanism includes a motor (301). The motor (301) is fixedly connected to one end of the mounting base (1) away from the clamping and rotating device (2). The output shaft of the motor (301) is fixedly connected with a first transmission wheel (302). Another first transmission wheel (302) is rotatably connected to one side of the mounting base (1) close to the motor (301). A first transmission belt (303) is connected in transmission between the two first transmission wheels (302). A plug rod (304) is fixedly connected to the side of the first transmission wheel (302) rotatably connected to the mounting base (1) close to the mounting base (1). A second lead screw (305) is meshed and connected to the top of the plug rod (304). Two limiting plates (306) are fixedly connected to the top of the mounting base (1). A first lead screw (308) is rotatably connected to the top of the mounting base (1). A sleeve (307) is fixedly connected to one end of the first lead screw (308) close to the plug rod (304). A convex tooth (309) is slidably connected inside the plug rod (304). A first spring (310) is fixedly connected between the convex tooth (309) and the inner wall of the plug rod (304). The supporting mechanism includes a square shell (501). The square shell (501) is threadedly connected to the outside of the second lead screw (305). A cam (502) is rotatably connected inside the square shell (501). A serrated plate (504) is slidably connected inside the square shell (501). A support block (505) is placed on the top of the serrated plate (504). A threaded column (503) is fixedly connected to the end of the cam (502) passing through and extending outside the square shell (501).

2. The multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts according to claim 1, wherein: The limiting mechanism includes equidistantly arranged mounting rings (401) and sliding bases (402). The mounting rings (401) are fixedly connected to the tops of the sliding bases (402). The sliding bases (402) are slidably connected between two limiting plates (306). One end of the sliding base (402) close to the front of the mounting seat (1) is fixedly connected with a stop block (403). Inside the mounting ring (401), a toothed ring (406) and a toothed roller (407) are rotatably connected. The outer side of the toothed roller (407) is meshed with a rack (404). One end of the rack (404) at the lowermost part of the mounting ring (401) far from the center point of the mounting ring (401) is fixedly connected with a connecting block (405). One end of the rack (404) close to the center point of the mounting ring (401) is rotatably connected with a roller (408). The inner wall of the connecting block (405) close to the motor (301) is fixedly connected with a threaded pipe (409). The top of the mounting ring (401) close to the motor (301) is rotatably connected with a worm (411). The bottom of the worm (411) is meshed with a worm gear (410). One end of the rack (404) close to the motor (301) and close to the center point of the mounting ring (401) is fixedly connected with a fixing plate (412). Inside the fixing plate (412), a baffle (413) is rotatably connected. Inside the baffle (413), a ball (414) is slidably connected. A second spring (415) is fixedly connected between the ball (414) and the inner wall of the baffle (413).

3. The multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts according to claim 2, wherein: The cutting mechanism includes third lead screws (601). There are two third lead screws (601). Both of the two third lead screws (601) are rotatably connected to the top of the mounting seat (1). The outer parts of both of the two third lead screws (601) are slidably connected with sliders (602). The tops of the two sliders (602) are respectively fixedly connected with a support column (603) and a fixed pipe (611). The outer side of the mounting seat (1) is fixedly connected with a water tank (612). The top of the water tank (612) is fixedly connected with a water pump (613). Inside the support column (603), a rotating rod (605) is rotatably connected. The top end of the rotating rod (605) is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod (606). A torsion spring (604) is fixedly connected between the outer wall of the rotating rod (605) and the inner wall of the support column (603). One end of the telescopic rod (606) close to the mounting ring (401) is fixedly connected with a cutter head (607). One side of the support column (603) close to the mounting ring (401) is slidably connected with a bent plate (609). The bottom of the bent plate (609) is fixedly connected with a third spring (610). The top end of the bent plate (609) is fixedly connected with a retaining piece (608).

4. A multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Inside the mounting base (1), a collecting mechanism is provided for collecting cutting debris and cooling water. The collecting mechanism includes a deflector plate (701). There are two deflector plates (701), and the two deflector plates (701) are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the mounting base (1). A water storage box (702) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting base (1), and a filter box (703) is placed on the top of the water storage box (702).

5. The multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts according to claim 3, wherein: Second transmission wheels are fixedly connected to the outside of the second lead screw (305) and one end of two third lead screws (601) close to the motor (301). A second transmission belt is connected in transmission between the second transmission wheels of the second lead screw (305) and the third lead screw (601).

6. The multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts according to claim 1, wherein: Tooth grooves are formed in the circumferences of the inner walls of the sleeves (307). The end of the insertion rod (304) is inserted into the inside of the sleeve (307), and the convex teeth (309) are embedded into the tooth grooves.

7. A multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the support block (505) is provided with saw teeth. The saw tooth surface of the saw tooth plate (504) faces upward. The saw teeth at the bottom of the support block (505) are embedded into the gaps between the saw teeth of the saw tooth plate (504). The saw tooth plate (504) is placed on the top of the cam (502). A nut is threadedly connected to the outside of the threaded column (503).

8. A multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The threaded pipe (409) is threadedly connected to the outside of the first lead screw (308). A connecting rod (311) is rotatably connected to the bottom of each sliding base (402). The ends of adjacent two connecting rods (311) are rotatably connected, and the connecting rod (311) far from the threaded pipe (409) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting base (1).

9. The multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The toothed ring (406) and the toothed roller (407) are meshed and connected. The worm wheel (410) is fixedly connected to one side of the toothed ring (406) close to the motor (301). Both sides of the connecting block (405) are provided with inclined surfaces.

10. The multi-process numerical control machine tool applicable to complex shaft parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are two baffle plates (608), and the two baffle plates (608) are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the bent plate (609). The opposite surfaces of the two baffle plates (608) are respectively in contact with both sides of the telescopic rod (606).

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