Full-scene traceless repairing process for locomotive rail transit carrier glass

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-scene traceless repairing process for locomotive rail transit carrier glass, and belongs to the technical field of glass repairing. The full-scene traceless repairing process comprises the steps that damaged glass is detected, and the damage type, the damage depth and the damage area are measured; selecting a repairing material and a repairing tool according to a detection result; the damaged area is cleaned; nanoscale transparent resin of a specific formula is injected into the damaged area; a pressure-adjustable injection device is used for controlling filling of the nanoscale transparent resin with a specific formula; carrying out staged curing treatment on the nano-scale transparent resin with a specific formula by adopting ultraviolet rays with a specific wavelength; a precise grinding tool is used for conducting surface treatment on the damaged area; carrying out polishing treatment on the damaged area; and carrying out strength test and optical performance detection on the damaged area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of glass repair, and particularly relates to a process for repairing the glass of locomotive rail transit vehicles without traces in all scenarios. Background Art

[0002] The technology for repairing the damage of locomotive rail transit vehicle glass has experienced a transformation process from traditional replacement methods to modern repair methods. In the mid-20th century, the main means of dealing with the damage of rail transit vehicle glass was complete replacement, which was costly and caused significant waste of resources. With the progress of materials science and repair technology, local repair techniques began to emerge in the early 1990s, mainly using filling repair methods. Research by Liu et al. shows that traditional repair processes generally use ordinary epoxy resin as the filling material and achieve repair through room-temperature curing. However, the recovery rates of the optical and mechanical properties of the glass after repair are relatively low. The light transmittance recovery usually does not exceed 90%, and the impact strength recovery rate is only 75 - 85%. Zhang et al. developed an improved epoxy resin filler and combined it with ultraviolet curing technology to improve the repair effect. However, this method lacks pertinence for different types of damage and cannot adapt to the diverse damage types in the full-scenario environment of rail transit vehicles under high-speed operation, vibration, temperature changes, etc. Chen et al. conducted research on glass repair using multi-component composite materials, but the resin permeability was insufficient, resulting in difficulties in repairing deep cracks, and the weather resistance after repair was insufficient, prone to secondary damage under extreme climate conditions. Wang et al. proposed an adaptive repair process, but its repair effect for large-area complex damage is still not ideal, the process complexity is high, and the operability is poor.

[0003] Existing glass repair technologies have many limitations in dealing with the damage of locomotive rail transit vehicle glass. First, the permeability of the repair material is insufficient, making it difficult to completely fill microcracks, resulting in uneven strength after repair. Second, the curing technology is single, making it difficult to adapt to different depths and types of damage, and incomplete curing or over-curing phenomena are common. Third, traditional repair processes lack the ability to finely analyze and classify damaged areas and adopt a one-size-fits-all repair plan, making it difficult to provide the best repair effect for different damage types. Fourth, the technical content of the surface treatment link after repair in the existing technology is insufficient, making it difficult to restore the original optical properties of the glass, and the light transmittance and clarity decrease significantly. Finally, the existing technology lacks a systematic quality assessment system and cannot comprehensively and objectively evaluate the repair effect, resulting in uneven repair quality and making it difficult to ensure the long-term safety and reliability of the repaired glass. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0005] In view of the above problems and / or the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a full-scenario traceless repair process for locomotive and rail transit vehicle glass.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions, including:

[0008] Inspect damaged glass to determine damage type, damage depth and damaged area;

[0009] Selecting repair materials and repair tools according to the test results;

[0010] Cleaning the damaged area;

[0011] Injecting a nano-scale transparent resin with a specific formulation into the damaged area;

[0012] Using an injection device with adjustable pressure to control the filling of the nano-scale transparent resin of the specific formula;

[0013] The nano-scale transparent resin of the specific formula is cured in stages using ultraviolet rays of a specific wavelength;

[0014] Performing surface treatment on the damaged area using a precision grinding tool;

[0015] The damaged area is polished; and the damaged area is subjected to strength test and optical property test.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the full-scenario locomotive and rail transit vehicle glass traceless repair process described in the present invention, the damage types include surface scratches, cracks, pits, stone impact points and stress damage.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the full-scenario locomotive and rail transit vehicle glass traceless repair process of the present invention, wherein: the nano-scale transparent resin of the specific formula includes the following components in percentage by weight:

[0018] Epoxy resin 60-70%, silane coupling agent 5-10%, nano silicon dioxide 10-15%, photoinitiator 3-5%, toughening agent 5-8%, anti-ultraviolet additive 2-4%.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratchless repair process described in the present invention, wherein: the wavelength range of the ultraviolet light of the specific wavelength is 365-405nm, and the staged curing treatment includes:

[0020] The first stage: irradiate at 30-40% intensity for 3-5 minutes;

[0021] The second stage: irradiate at 60-70% intensity for 5-8 minutes;

[0022] The third stage: irradiate at 90-100% intensity for 8-10 minutes.

[0023] As a preferred solution of the full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratchless repair process described in the present invention, wherein: after cleaning the damaged area and before injecting the nano-level transparent resin with a specific formula into the damaged area, a vacuum treatment is also included for the damaged area.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratchless repair process described in the present invention, wherein: the pressure range of the adjustable-pressure injection device is 0.5-3.0 MPa, and a stepped pressure-increasing injection method is adopted according to the damage depth.

[0025] As a preferred solution of the full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratchless repair process described in the present invention, wherein: the precision grinding tool is multi-stage sandpaper, which are 1000 mesh, 2000 mesh, 3000 mesh and 5000 mesh in sequence.

[0026] As a preferred solution of the full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratchless repair process described in the present invention, wherein: the polishing treatment uses cerium oxide polishing powder and a special polishing pad, and the polishing speed is 1500-2000 revolutions per minute; the strength test includes impact strength test and pressure strength test, and the optical performance detection includes light transmittance test and refractive index test.

[0027] As a preferred solution of the full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratchless repair process described in the present invention, wherein: the full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratchless repair process further includes a temperature control system to maintain the ambient temperature during the repair process at 18-25°C and the relative humidity at 40-60%.

[0028] The present invention also provides a method for renovating the body of a rail transit vehicle, and the renovation method includes:

[0029] Detect the surface of the vehicle body to determine the type of stubborn stains, the degree of yellowing and the area of the aging area;

[0030] Select cleaning agents and polishing materials based on the test results, and pre-rinse the vehicle surface with a high-pressure water gun;

[0031] Use a stain remover to focus on stubborn stains, use a nano-level polish to mechanically polish yellowed areas, and apply a UV protective coating to the aged surface of the headlights;

[0032] The multi-level grinding process is used to finely process the surface after mechanical polishing;

[0033] Use polymer protective wax to seal the glaze on the surface of the refurbished car body;

[0034] The stubborn stain types include oil stains, rust stains, glue marks and chemical corrosion residues.

[0035] Beneficial effects of the invention: The full-scenario locomotive and rail transit vehicle glass traceless repair process of the invention effectively solves the problems faced by traditional repair technology by adopting a specific formula of nano-level transparent resin and an innovative multi-step repair process. Its beneficial effects are reflected in: significantly improving the light transmittance of the repaired glass (up to more than 98%) and the mechanical property recovery rate (impact strength recovery rate reaches more than 90%); through phased ultraviolet curing technology and stepped pressurized injection method, accurate repair of various complex damages is achieved; precision grinding and polishing process ensures that the repair area is smooth and consistent with the original glass surface, and visually it is almost impossible to distinguish the repair traces; the full-process temperature and humidity control system ensures the stability of the repair process and the consistency of the repair effect; the comprehensive quality assessment system ensures that the repaired glass meets safety standards and is suitable for full-scenario applications of various rail transit vehicles from high-speed rail to maglev trains, effectively extending the service life of the glass, reducing maintenance costs, and improving driving safety.

[0036] First, the lower glass substrate, the lower electrode layer and the first color-changing layer are pressed into a whole, and then the lower coated glass body and the upper coated glass body are obtained respectively in the same way, and then the finished product is made. The prepared finished product is cut according to actual needs. Compared with the existing method, this method does not need to consider the shapes of the lower glass substrate and the upper glass substrate, and can be directly prepared, which greatly improves the preparation efficiency.

[0037] After preparation is completed, through the inspection of the finished products, substandard products can be eliminated to ensure the pass rate of the entire batch. Secondly, the combination of the two sets of testing standards improves the testing efficiency, and they can form judgments with each other to ensure the authenticity of the test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 It is the overall flowchart of the seamless repair process for the glass of the locomotive rail transit vehicle in the full scenario.

[0040] Figure 2 It is the overall process of the method for renovating the car body of the rail transit vehicle. Specific Embodiments

[0041] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following will describe the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail in conjunction with the embodiments of the specification.

[0042] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0043] Secondly, a so-called embodiment or example herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. Appearing in different places in this specification, an embodiment does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that mutually excludes other embodiments.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a seamless repair process for the glass of the locomotive rail transit vehicle in the full scenario. Referring to Figure 1 , specifically as follows:

[0046] In this embodiment, a surface scratch on the front window glass of a certain high-speed EMU with a length of about 15 cm, a width of about 0.2 mm, and a depth of about 0.1 mm is repaired.

[0047] Step a: Detect the damaged glass and determine the damage type, damage depth, and damaged area.

[0048] Use a precision optical detector to detect the scratch, confirm that the damage type is a surface linear scratch, the damage depth is 0.1 mm, and the damaged area is about 3 cm 2 . Observe with a digital microscope magnified 200 times to confirm that the edge of the scratch is relatively regular, there are no branched cracks, and the bottom is smooth.

[0049] Step b: Select repair materials and tools according to the detection results.

[0050] According to the detection results, select the following repair materials:

[0051] Nanoscale transparent resin with a specific formula: 65% epoxy resin, 7% silane coupling agent, 12% nanosilica, 4% photoinitiator, 6% toughening agent, 3% ultraviolet light absorber, 3% other additives.

[0052] Repair tools: HT-160 precision syringe, UV-4000 ultraviolet curing lamp, DM-5000 series precision grinding tool set, CP-2000 polishing equipment.

[0053] Step c: Clean the damaged area.

[0054] Use a medical-grade dust-free cloth dipped in isopropyl alcohol solution (concentration 99.7%) to wipe the damaged area and the area within 5 cm around it three times, and then use compressed air (pressure 0.3 MPa) to blow away the residues to ensure that the damaged area is completely clean and free of impurities.

[0055] Step d: Inject the nanoscale transparent resin with a specific formula into the damaged area.

[0056] Use an HT-160 precision syringe to accurately inject the pre-mixed nanoscale transparent resin with a specific formula into the damaged area. Select an injection needle diameter of 0.15 mm to ensure that the resin can fully penetrate into the fine scratches.

[0057] Step e: Control the filling of the nanoscale transparent resin with a specific formula using an injection device with adjustable pressure.

[0058] Set the injection pressure of the HT-160 precision syringe to 1.2 MPa, and use a pulsed injection method. Each injection lasts for 2 seconds, with an interval of 1 second, and a total of 5 injections are carried out to ensure that the resin evenly fills the entire scratch.

[0059] Step f: Cure the nanoscale transparent resin with a specific formula in stages using ultraviolet light with a specific wavelength.

[0060] Use a UV-4000 ultraviolet curing lamp (wavelength 385 nm) to cure the filled resin in stages:

[0061] First stage: Irradiate at 35% intensity for 4 minutes;

[0062] Second stage: Irradiate at 65% intensity for 6 minutes;

[0063] Third stage: Irradiate at 95% intensity for 9 minutes.

[0064] During the process, maintain the irradiation distance at 8 cm to ensure that the light evenly covers the entire repair area.

[0065] Step g: Use a precision grinding tool to perform surface treatment on the damaged area.

[0066] Use a DM-5000 series precision grinding tool and successively use 1000-mesh, 2000-mesh, 3000-mesh, and 5000-mesh sandpapers to grind the repair area. The grinding time for each grade of sandpaper is 2 minutes, the grinding pressure is controlled at 0.2 - 0.3 N, and the grinding direction is perpendicular to the scratch direction.

[0067] Step h: Perform polishing treatment on the damaged area.

[0068] Use a CP-2000 polishing device, in combination with cerium oxide polishing powder (particle size 0.5 microns) and a wool polishing pad. Set the polishing speed at 1800 revolutions per minute, the polishing time at 3 minutes, and the polishing pressure at 0.5 N to restore the smoothness of the glass surface.

[0069] Step i: Perform strength testing and optical property detection on the damaged area.

[0070] Use an OT-8000 optical detector to test the light transmittance of the repair area. The measured light transmittance is 98.2%, and the difference from the original glass light transmittance is less than 1%; use an RI-600 refractive index tester to measure the refractive index of the repair area, and the measured refractive index is the same as that of the original glass, which is 1.52; use a CS-200 impact strength tester to perform an impact test on the repair area, and the measured impact strength of the repair area reaches 96% of the original glass strength.

[0071] The entire repair process is carried out under a temperature control system, with the ambient temperature maintained at 22 ± 1°C and the relative humidity controlled at 50 ± 5%.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This example is for repairing a stone impact point damage with a diameter of about 8 mm that appears on the side window of a subway car.

[0074] Step a: Detect the damaged glass and determine the damage type, damage depth, and damaged area size.

[0075] Use an FD-2000 crack detector to perform a full-range detection on the stone impact point. Determine that the damage type is a central pit-type stone impact point, the depth of the central pit is 0.6 mm, there are radial microcracks extending about 3 - 5 mm around it, the total damaged area diameter is about 15 mm, and the area is about 1.8 cm 2 . Use a CT-8000 glass tomography scanner to confirm that the damage does not penetrate the glass layer.

[0076] Step b: Select repair materials and repair tools according to the detection results.

[0077] According to the detection results, select the following repair materials:

[0078] Nanoscale transparent resin with a specific formula: 68% epoxy resin, 8% silane coupling agent, 13% nanosilica, 4.5% photoinitiator, 5% toughening agent, 1.5% ultraviolet light absorber.

[0079] Repair tools: HDP-200 high-precision injection system, UVP-6000 professional ultraviolet curing equipment, DMP-8000 precision grinding system, CPP-3000 high-speed polishing machine.

[0080] Step c: Clean the damaged area.

[0081] First, use a precision vacuum cleaner (power 60W) to remove glass particles and dust in the pit of the stone impact point. Subsequently, use an ultrasonic cleaner (frequency 40kHz) with a special cleaning solution to conduct a 5-minute deep cleaning on the damaged area. Finally, use anhydrous ethanol (purity 99.9%) to conduct a final disinfection wipe on the area.

[0082] Steps d-e: Vacuum treatment, resin injection and pressure control.

[0083] After step c and before step d, use a VT-500 vacuum treatment device to apply a negative pressure of 0.08 MPa to the damaged area for 3 minutes to thoroughly remove the air in the damaged area.

[0084] Subsequently, use an HDP-200 high-precision injection system to inject nanoscale transparent resin with a specific formula into the damaged area. Adopt a stepped pressurized injection method:

[0085] The initial pressure is set to 0.8 MPa and injected for 30 seconds;

[0086] The intermediate pressure is increased to 1.5 MPa and injected for 45 seconds;

[0087] The final pressure is increased to 2.2 MPa and injected for 60 seconds.

[0088] During the entire injection process, the resin filling situation is monitored in real time through a built-in camera system to ensure that the resin fully fills the pit and all microcracks.

[0089] Step f: Cure the nanoscale transparent resin with a specific formula in stages using ultraviolet light with a specific wavelength.

[0090] Use a UVP-6000 professional ultraviolet curing equipment (wavelength adjustable range 365 - 405 nm) for staged curing:

[0091] The first stage: Select a wavelength of 375 nm and irradiate for 3.5 minutes at 32% intensity;

[0092] The second stage: Select a wavelength of 385 nm and irradiate for 7 minutes at 65% intensity;

[0093] The third stage: Select a wavelength of 395 nm and irradiate for 10 minutes at 90% intensity.

[0094] During the curing process, the distance between the ultraviolet light source and the damaged surface is maintained at 10 cm, and it rotates slowly at a speed of 5 rpm to ensure uniform illumination.

[0095] Step g: Use a precision grinding tool to perform surface treatment on the damaged area.

[0096] Perform grinding treatment using a DMP-8000 precision grinding system:

[0097] First, dry grind with 1000-mesh diamond sandpaper for 2.5 minutes with a grinding pressure of 0.25 N;

[0098] Then, wet grind with 2000-mesh diamond sandpaper for 3 minutes with a grinding pressure of 0.2 N;

[0099] Next, wet grind with 3000-mesh diamond sandpaper for 3.5 minutes with a grinding pressure of 0.15 N;

[0100] Finally, wet grind with 5000-mesh diamond sandpaper for 4 minutes with a grinding pressure of 0.1 N.

[0101] During the wet grinding process, a special grinding fluid is used, and the temperature is controlled at 15°C.

[0102] Step h: Perform polishing treatment on the damaged area.

[0103] Use a CPP-3000 high-speed polishing machine in combination with ultra-fine cerium oxide polishing powder (particle size 0.3 microns) and a special microfiber polishing pad. The polishing speed is set at 1750 revolutions per minute, and the polishing time is divided into two stages: rough polishing for 3 minutes and fine polishing for 5 minutes. The rotary polishing method is adopted during the polishing process to ensure uniform polishing.

[0104] Step i: Perform strength testing and optical property detection on the damaged area.

[0105] Adopt an all-round detection method to evaluate the repair quality:

[0106] Use an OTM-9000 transmittance tester to measure the transmittance of the repaired area, and the result is 97.8%;

[0107] Use a RIM-800 refractive index uniformity tester to detect the refractive index difference between the repaired area and the surrounding glass, and the difference value is less than 0.005;

[0108] The strength tests were respectively carried out using a CST-500 impact strength tester and a PST-600 pressure strength tester, and the strength recovery rates of the repaired areas reached 95% and 96% respectively.

[0109] The entire repair process was carried out in a fully enclosed temperature-controlled chamber, with the ambient temperature maintained at 20±1°C and the relative humidity controlled at 45±3%.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] In this example, a linear crack about 25 cm long that appeared in the front window of a light rail vehicle was repaired.

[0112] Step a: Detect the damaged glass and measure the damage type, damage depth and damaged area.

[0113] The crack was detected by three-dimensional scanning using an LSD-9000 crack depth scanner. It was determined that the damage type was a through-linear crack, the crack opening width was about 0.05 - 0.3 mm, the depth penetrated the glass thickness (8 mm), the total length was 24.8 cm, and the affected area was about 5 cm 2 . It was confirmed by observing through a stress optoelectronic microscope that there was a stress concentration area around the crack, with a range of about 2 cm on each side of the crack.

[0114] Step b: Select repair materials and repair tools according to the detection results.

[0115] According to the detection results, the following repair materials were selected:

[0116] Nanoscale transparent resin (high-strength type) with a specific formula: 62% epoxy resin, 9% silane coupling agent, 15% nano-silica, 3.5% photoinitiator, 8% toughening agent, 2.5% ultraviolet light blocking additive.

[0117] Repair tools: HDPS-300 ultra-high pressure injection system, UV-8000 large-area ultraviolet curing equipment, DMS-9000 large-area precision grinding system, CPS-5000 wide-width polishing equipment.

[0118] Step c: Clean the damaged area

[0119] A three-level cleaning process was adopted to treat the crack area:

[0120] The first level: Blow along the crack using high-pressure dry air (pressure 0.5 MPa) to remove visible impurities;

[0121] The second level: Dip a microfiber brush in a special cleaning solvent (composed of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and a special surfactant) and carefully clean along the crack direction;

[0122] Third level: Use an ultrasonic cleaning head (frequency 60 kHz, power 100 W) to perform in-depth cleaning along the crack for 10 minutes.

[0123] Steps d - e: Vacuum treatment, resin injection, and pressure control.

[0124] After the cleaning treatment, apply a negative pressure of 0.1 MPa to the entire crack using a VTS - 800 linear vacuum system for 5 minutes to thoroughly remove the tiny air bubbles and impurities inside the crack.

[0125] Subsequently, use an HDPS - 300 ultra - high - pressure injection system for resin injection. This system is equipped with a linearly distributed injection head that can cover the entire crack simultaneously. The injection uses the following parameters:

[0126] Adopt a stepped - pressure - increasing injection method, starting pressure 0.5 MPa, lasting for 60 seconds;

[0127] Intermediate pressure 1.8 MPa, lasting for 90 seconds;

[0128] Final pressure 2.8 MPa, lasting for 120 seconds.

[0129] During the injection process, adjust the pressure in real - time through the pressure feedback device built into the system to ensure that the resin is evenly distributed throughout the entire crack.

[0130] Step f: Use ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength to perform a staged curing treatment on the nanoscale transparent resin of the specific formulation.

[0131] Use a UV - 8000 large - area ultraviolet curing device for staged curing:

[0132] First stage: Wavelength 370 nm, irradiate at 35% intensity for 5 minutes;

[0133] Second stage: Wavelength 385 nm, irradiate at 68% intensity for 7 minutes;

[0134] Third stage: Wavelength 400 nm, irradiate at 98% intensity for 10 minutes.

[0135] To ensure uniform curing of the long crack, the UV - 8000 device is equipped with a scanning irradiation system that scans and irradiates along the crack at a speed of 2 cm / minute, and repeats the scanning 3 times for each stage.

[0136] Step g: Use a precision grinding tool to perform surface treatment on the damaged area.

[0137] Use a DMS - 9000 large - area precision grinding system for surface treatment:

[0138] Grind with a 1000-mesh rotary sanding disc for 3 minutes at a rotational speed of 2000 rpm;

[0139] Grind with a 2000-mesh rotary sanding disc for 4 minutes at a rotational speed of 1800 rpm;

[0140] Grind with a 3000-mesh rotary sanding disc for 5 minutes at a rotational speed of 1500 rpm;

[0141] Grind with a 5000-mesh rotary sanding disc for 6 minutes at a rotational speed of 1200 rpm.

[0142] During the grinding process, use a water cooling system to control the temperature and prevent material deformation caused by overheating.

[0143] Step h: Polish the damaged area.

[0144] Use a CPS-5000 wide-width polishing equipment for polishing:

[0145] Adopt fine cerium oxide polishing powder (particle size 0.2 microns) and a high-density suede polishing pad;

[0146] Set the polishing speed to 1650 revolutions per minute;

[0147] Polish in three stages: rough polish for 3 minutes, medium polish for 4 minutes, and fine polish for 5 minutes;

[0148] The polishing pressure gradually decreases from 0.4 N to 0.2 N;

[0149] Adopt a spiral motion trajectory for polishing to ensure non-directional polishing effect.

[0150] Step i: Conduct strength testing and optical property detection on the damaged area.

[0151] Adopt a comprehensive detection scheme to evaluate the repair quality:

[0152] Transmittance test: Use a large-area scanning transmittance tester (OTMS-10000) to measure the transmittance of the entire crack repair area, with an average value of 97.5%;

[0153] Refractive index consistency test: Use a high-precision refractive index mapping instrument (RIMS-1200) to scan the entire crack, with a maximum refractive index deviation less than 0.003;

[0154] Strength test: Use a non-destructive stress analyzer (NDST-800) to measure the stress distribution in the repair area, and the stress concentration degree after repair is reduced by 92%; Use an ultrasonic strength detector (UST-600) to detect the tensile strength of the repair area, and the recovery rate reaches 93%.

[0155] The entire repair process is carried out in a large temperature and humidity control chamber, with the ambient temperature maintained at 21 ± 0.5 °C and the relative humidity controlled at 50 ± 2%. After the repair is completed, the whole piece of glass is subjected to a 24-hour aging test to confirm the stability of the repair effect.

[0156] Example 4

[0157] This example aims to repair the spider-web stress damage (commonly known as star crack) that appears on the side window of a tram.

[0158] Step a: Detect the damaged glass to determine the damage type, damage depth, and the area of the damaged region.

[0159] Use a PSA-7000 polarized stress analyzer to detect the stress damage. It is determined that the damage type is star-shaped radial cracks caused by central impact, the depth of the center point is 1.2 mm, the lengths of the radial cracks vary from 5 - 12 cm, there are a total of 18 radial cracks, and the diameter of the total damaged area is about 25 cm, with an area of about 490 cm 2 . Use an LSCM-500 laser confocal microscope to confirm that the opening widths of each crack are between 0.01 - 0.15 mm.

[0160] Step b: Select repair materials and repair tools according to the detection results.

[0161] According to the detection results, select the following repair materials:

[0162] Nanoscale transparent resin (low viscosity and high permeability) with a specific formula: 60% epoxy resin, 10% silane coupling agent, 10% nano-silica, 5% photoinitiator, 7% toughening agent, 3% ultraviolet light absorber, 5% penetration promoter.

[0163] Repair tools: RIPS-500 radial injection system, UVD-9000 large-area multi-angle ultraviolet curing equipment, DMC-10000 circular area precision grinding system, CPD-6000 large-area polishing equipment.

[0164] Step c: Clean the damaged region.

[0165] For large-area star crack damage, use an all-round cleaning system:

[0166] Use an electrostatic adsorption device (voltage 5 kV) to remove small particulate matter on the surface;

[0167] Use a special solvent (composed of acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and surfactant) to wipe and clean the entire damaged region;

[0168] Use a micro vacuum cleaner (power 30 W, negative pressure 0.02 MPa) to remove small debris in the cracks;

[0169] Blow all cracks with medical - grade compressed oxygen (purity 99.9%, pressure 0.4 MPa).

[0170] Steps d - e: Vacuum treatment, resin injection and pressure control.

[0171] Use a VTD - 1000 large - area vacuum treatment device to apply a negative pressure of 0.12 MPa to the entire damaged area for 8 minutes to create a vacuum environment.

[0172] Subsequently, use a RIPS - 500 radial injection system for resin injection. This system has 18 independently controllable injection heads and can inject 18 radial cracks simultaneously. The injection uses the following parameters:

[0173] The pressure in the central area is set to 2.5 MPa;

[0174] The pressure in the middle area is set to 2.0 MPa;

[0175] The pressure in the edge area is set to 1.5 MPa.

[0176] The injection duration is 3 minutes. During this period, the system automatically adjusts the pressure in real - time according to the filling situation of the cracks to ensure that all cracks are fully filled.

[0177] Step f: Cure the nanoscale transparent resin of the specific formula in stages using ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength.

[0178] Use a UVD - 9000 large - area multi - angle ultraviolet curing device for staged curing:

[0179] First stage: Wavelength 380 nm in the central area, irradiate at 38% intensity for 4 minutes; wavelength 385 nm in the middle area, irradiate at 35% intensity for 4 minutes; wavelength 390 nm in the edge area, irradiate at 32% intensity for 4 minutes;

[0180] Second stage: Wavelength 385 nm in all areas, irradiate at 65% intensity for 6 minutes;

[0181] Third stage: Wavelength 395 nm in all areas, irradiate at 95% intensity for 8 minutes.

[0182] During the curing process, the ultraviolet light source irradiates from different angles to ensure that deep cracks can also be fully cured.

[0183] Step g: Use precision grinding tools to perform surface treatment on the damaged area.

[0184] Use a DMC - 10000 circular area precision grinding system for surface treatment:

[0185] Use a 1000-mesh circular abrasive belt to polish the entire area for 3.5 minutes at a rotational speed of 2200 rpm;

[0186] Use a 2000-mesh circular abrasive belt to polish the entire area for 4 minutes at a rotational speed of 2000 rpm;

[0187] Use a 3000-mesh circular abrasive belt to polish the entire area for 4.5 minutes at a rotational speed of 1800 rpm;

[0188] Use a 5000-mesh circular abrasive belt to polish the entire area for 5 minutes at a rotational speed of 1500 rpm.

[0189] The DMC-10000 system adopts a spiral polishing path from the center outwards to ensure uniform polishing of the entire area.

[0190] Step h: Polish the damaged area

[0191] Use a CPD-6000 large-area polishing device for polishing:

[0192] Adopt ultra-fine cerium oxide polishing powder (particle size 0.1 micron) and high-density microfiber polishing pad;

[0193] The polishing speed is set at 1600 revolutions per minute;

[0194] The polishing is divided into four stages: polish from the outside to the inside for 2 minutes, from the inside to the outside for 2 minutes, clockwise circular polishing for 3 minutes, and counterclockwise circular polishing for 3 minutes;

[0195] The polishing pressure is controlled at 0.3 N.

[0196] Step i: Conduct strength testing and optical property detection on the damaged area.

[0197] Adopt a comprehensive detection system to evaluate the repair quality:

[0198] Large-area light transmittance scanning test: Use an OTMD-12000 light transmittance distribution tester to scan the entire repair area, with an average light transmittance of 98.0% and the lowest point being 96.8%;

[0199] Refractive index consistency holographic test: Use an HRIM-2000 holographic refractive index imaging system to scan the entire area, with a maximum refractive index deviation of less than 0.004;

[0200] Comprehensive strength test: Use a LUT-1000 laser ultrasonic test system to detect the elastic modulus and strength recovery of the repair area, with an average strength recovery rate reaching 94%; Use a thermal imaging stress analyzer (TISA-800) to detect the stress distribution in the repair area under thermal cycling (-20°C to 60°C), and the stress concentration is reduced by more than 90%.

[0201] The entire repair process is carried out in an extra-large environmental control chamber, which is divided into three temperature zones: the central zone is at 22 °C, the middle zone is at 21 °C, and the edge zone is at 20 °C. The relative humidity is 48 ± 2%. After the repair is completed, the glass is subjected to a 72-hour temperature and humidity cycle test and a vibration test to confirm the long-term stability of the repair effect.

[0202] Example 5

[0203] This example is for repairing multiple-point pit damages (a total of 8 pits with diameters ranging from 2 to 6 mm) on the panoramic sunroof of a maglev train.

[0204] Step a: Detect the damaged glass to determine the damage type, damage depth, and damaged area.

[0205] Use a 3D-OSM-12000 three-dimensional optical scanning microscope system to detect the pit damages. It is determined that the damage type is surface pit-type damage. The depths of the 8 pits are respectively: 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.5 mm, and the total damaged area is approximately 85 cm 2 . Confirm the microscopic morphology at the bottom of the pits and the distribution of microcracks around them through a CLSM-800 confocal laser scanning microscope.

[0206] Step b: Select repair materials and repair tools according to the detection results.

[0207] According to the detection results, select the following repair materials:

[0208] Nanoscale transparent resin (ultraviolet-resistant enhanced type) with a specific formula: 64% epoxy resin, 8% silane coupling agent, 12% nano-silica, 4% photoinitiator, 6% toughening agent, 6% ultraviolet-resistant additive.

[0209] Repair tools: MIPS-600 multi-point injection system, UVA-10000 full-spectrum ultraviolet curing equipment, DMP-15000 multi-region precision grinding system, CPP-8000 high-precision polishing system.

[0210] Step c: Clean the damaged area.

[0211] Adopt a multi-step precision cleaning process:

[0212] Use a micro plasma cleaner (power 200 W) to perform surface treatment on all the pits to remove organic pollutants;

[0213] Use an ultrasonic cleaner (frequency 80 kHz) in combination with a special cleaning solution to perform deep cleaning on the pits for 3 minutes;

[0214] Use an ion air gun (voltage 12 kV) to remove the electrostatically adsorbed fine particles;

[0215] Perform a final wipe with medical-grade absolute ethanol (purity 99.99%).

[0216] Steps d - e: Vacuum treatment, resin injection, and pressure control.

[0217] Apply a negative pressure of 0.15 MPa to each of the 8 pits using a VTS - 1500 multi - point vacuum treatment system for 5 minutes to create a local vacuum environment.

[0218] Subsequently, use a MIPS - 600 multi - point injection system for resin injection. This system is equipped with 8 independent programmable injection heads and can perform customized injection according to the characteristics of each pit:

[0219] For pits with a depth less than 0.5 mm (4 pits), the pressure is set to 1.0 MPa;

[0220] For pits with a depth of 0.5 - 0.7 mm (3 pits), the pressure is set to 1.8 MPa;

[0221] For pits with a depth greater than 0.7 mm (1 pit), the pressure is set to 2.5 MPa.

[0222] Adopt an intelligent pressure control algorithm to automatically adjust the pressure according to the filling situation. The injection time for each pit is automatically calculated according to its volume: the injection time for pits with a depth less than 0.5 mm is 45 seconds, the injection time for pits with a depth of 0.5 - 0.7 mm is 75 seconds, and the injection time for pits with a depth greater than 0.7 mm is 120 seconds. The entire injection process is monitored in real - time through an optical fiber endoscope system to ensure that all pits and micro - cracks are fully filled without bubbles.

[0223] Step f: Perform a staged curing treatment on the nanoscale transparent resin of the specific formulation using ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength

[0224] Use a UVA - 10000 full - spectrum ultraviolet curing device for precise curing. This device is equipped with 8 independent controllable curing heads and can simultaneously perform optimized curing treatment on 8 pits respectively:

[0225] First stage: Use ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 375 nm to irradiate all pits at 35% intensity for 4 minutes;

[0226] Second stage: For the pits with a depth less than 0.5 mm, irradiate with a wavelength of 385 nm at 62% intensity for 5 minutes; for the pits with a depth of 0.5 - 0.7 mm, irradiate with a wavelength of 385 nm at 65% intensity for 6 minutes; for the pits with a depth greater than 0.7 mm, irradiate with a wavelength of 385 nm at 68% intensity for 7 minutes.

[0227] Third stage: Irradiate all the pits with ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 395 nm at 95% intensity for 10 minutes.

[0228] During the curing process, the distance between the light source and the glass surface is precisely controlled at 12 cm, and the beam is slightly vibrated through a galvanometer system to ensure sufficient and uniform curing of the resin.

[0229] Step g: Use a precision grinding tool to perform surface treatment on the damaged area.

[0230] Synchronously grind using a DMP - 15000 multi - area precision grinding system:

[0231] The system is equipped with 8 independent high - precision grinding heads, which can process 8 pits simultaneously;

[0232] Each grinding head is successively ground with 1000 - mesh, 2000 - mesh, 3000 - mesh, and 5000 - mesh sandpaper;

[0233] The grinding time with 1000 - mesh sandpaper is 2 minutes, and the pressure is 0.3 N;

[0234] The grinding time with 2000 - mesh sandpaper is 2.5 minutes, and the pressure is 0.25 N;

[0235] The grinding time with 3000 - mesh sandpaper is 3 minutes, and the pressure is 0.2 N;

[0236] The grinding time with 5000 - mesh sandpaper is 3.5 minutes, and the pressure is 0.15 N.

[0237] The grinding system is equipped with a micron - level precise positioning system to ensure that the grinding surface is completely flush with the original glass surface.

[0238] Example 6

[0239] This example provides a method for renovating the vehicle body of rail transit vehicles. Refer to Figure 2 , and its renovation method includes:

[0240] S1. Detect the surface of the vehicle body to determine the types of stubborn stains, the degree of yellowing, and the area of the aging region;

[0241] Furthermore, the types of stubborn stains include oil stains, rust stains, glue marks, and chemical corrosion residues;

[0242] Quantitative detection is carried out using a spectral analyzer and a surface roughness meter. Among them, spectral analysis can identify the chemical composition of stains, and the roughness meter can quantify the degree of surface aging;

[0243] It should be noted that this detection method can achieve accurate classification and quantitative evaluation, providing data support for subsequent targeted treatment and avoiding over-treatment or under-treatment.

[0244] S2. Select a cleaning agent and a polishing material based on the detection results, and perform a pre-rinsing treatment on the vehicle body surface with a high-pressure water gun;

[0245] Furthermore, the high-pressure water gun is equipped with an adjustable nozzle to adjust the water pressure and spraying angle according to the stubbornness of the stains. At the same time, a neutral surfactant is added to the water to enhance the cleaning effect;

[0246] It should be noted that this pre-treatment method can remove more than 90% of the surface dust and loose stains, significantly reducing the workload of subsequent in-depth cleaning, and at the same time protecting the car paint from being damaged by high-pressure water flow.

[0247] S3. Use a decontamination agent to focus on treating stubborn stain areas, use a nano-level polishing agent to mechanically polish the yellowed areas, and at the same time perform an ultraviolet protection coating treatment on the aged surface of the car lights;

[0248] Furthermore, a slow-release brightening factor is added to the nano-level polishing agent, which can continuously release protective components during the polishing process; the ultraviolet protection coating adopts a gradient curing technology, with high adhesion at the bottom layer and high light transmittance at the surface layer;

[0249] It should be noted that this composite treatment process can restore more than 95% of the original glossiness of the vehicle body surface, and at the same time, the weather resistance life of the ultraviolet protection coating can reach more than 5 years.

[0250] S4. Use a multi-stage grinding process to finely treat the surface after mechanical polishing;

[0251] Furthermore, a constant temperature control system is adopted during the grinding process to keep the temperature of the grinding area at 25±2°C, and an automatic dust suction device is used to remove grinding dust in real time;

[0252] It should be noted that this process can ensure that the surface roughness is controlled within the range of Ra0.05-0.1μm, and avoid the influence of thermal expansion and contraction of materials caused by temperature changes on the treatment effect.

[0253] S5. Use a polymer protection wax to perform a glaze sealing treatment on the refurbished vehicle body surface;

[0254] Furthermore, the glaze sealing process is carried out in a dust-free environment, and an electrostatic spraying process is adopted to ensure uniform coverage of the protection wax, and then infrared-assisted curing is carried out;

[0255] It should be noted that the protective layer formed by this treatment has self-repairing function. Minor scratches can be automatically repaired under sunlight, and the anti-fouling performance can be maintained for more than 3 years.

[0256] In summary, the full-scenario locomotive and rail transit vehicle glass traceless repair process of the present invention effectively solves the problems faced by traditional repair technology by adopting a specific formula of nano-level transparent resin and an innovative multi-step repair process. Its beneficial effects are reflected in: significantly improving the light transmittance of the repaired glass (up to more than 98%) and the mechanical property recovery rate (impact strength recovery rate reaches more than 90%); through phased ultraviolet curing technology and stepped pressurization injection method, accurate repair of various complex damages is achieved; precision grinding and polishing process ensures that the repair area is smooth and consistent with the original glass surface, and the repair marks are almost indistinguishable visually; the full-process temperature and humidity control system ensures the stability of the repair process and the consistency of the repair effect; the comprehensive quality assessment system ensures that the repaired glass meets safety standards and is suitable for full-scenario applications in various types of rail transit vehicles from high-speed rail to maglev trains, effectively extending the service life of the glass, reducing maintenance costs, and improving driving safety.

[0257] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The glass scratchless repair process for locomotive rail transit vehicles in all scenarios, characterized in that: including, detecting the damaged glass to determine the type of damage, the depth of damage and the area of the damaged region; selecting a repair material and a repair tool according to the detection result; cleaning the damaged region; injecting a nano-scale transparent resin with a specific formulation into the damaged region; controlling the filling of the nano-scale transparent resin with the specific formulation by using an injection device with adjustable pressure; performing a staged curing treatment on the nano-scale transparent resin with the specific formulation by using ultraviolet light with a specific wavelength; performing a surface treatment on the damaged region by using a precision grinding tool; performing a polishing treatment on the damaged region; performing a strength test and an optical property detection on the damaged region.

2. The full-scenario locomotive and rail transit vehicle glass traceless repair process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The type of damage includes surface scratches, cracks, pits, stone impact points and stress damage.

3. The full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratchless repair process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nano-scale transparent resin with the specific formulation includes the following components by weight percentage: 60-70% epoxy resin, 5-10% silane coupling agent, 10-15% nano-silica, 3-5% photoinitiator, 5-8% toughening agent, 2-4% ultraviolet light blocking additive.

4. The glass scratchless repair process for all-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicles according to claim 2, wherein: The wavelength range of the ultraviolet light with the specific wavelength is 365-405 nm, and the staged curing treatment includes: The first stage: irradiating at 30-40% intensity for 3-5 minutes; The second stage: irradiating at 60-70% intensity for 5-8 minutes; The third stage: irradiating at 90-100% intensity for 8-10 minutes.

5. The full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratch-free repair process according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: Before injecting the nano-scale transparent resin with the specific formulation into the damaged region after cleaning the damaged region, a vacuum treatment on the damaged region is also included.

6. The full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratch-free repair process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure range of the injection device with adjustable pressure is 0.5-3.0 MPa, and a stepped pressure boosting injection method is adopted according to the damage depth.

7. The full-scenario locomotive and rail transit vehicle glass traceless repair process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The precision grinding tool is multi-stage sandpaper, which are 1000 mesh, 2000 mesh, 3000 mesh and 5000 mesh in sequence.

8. The glass seamless repair process for the full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle according to claim 7, wherein: The polishing treatment uses cerium oxide polishing powder and a special polishing pad, and the polishing speed is 1500-2000 revolutions per minute; The strength test includes an impact strength test and a pressure strength test, and the optical property detection includes a light transmittance test and a refractive index test.

9. The glass scratchless repair process for full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: The full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass scratchless repair process also includes a temperature control system, maintaining the ambient temperature of the repair process at 18-25 °C and the relative humidity at 40-60%.

10. A rail transit vehicle body refurbishment method, based on the full-scenario locomotive rail transit vehicle glass traceless repair process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Its renovation method includes: detecting the vehicle body surface to determine the type of stubborn stains, the degree of yellowing and the area of the aging region; selecting a cleaning agent and a polishing material based on the detection result, and performing a pre-rinsing treatment on the vehicle body surface with a high-pressure water gun; focusing on treating the stubborn stain region with a decontamination agent, mechanically polishing the yellowing region with a nano-scale polishing agent, and simultaneously performing an ultraviolet protection coating treatment on the aging surface of the vehicle lamp; performing a fine treatment on the surface after mechanical polishing by using a multi-stage grinding process; sealing the renovated vehicle body surface with a polymer protection wax; The type of stubborn stains includes oil stains, rust stains, glue marks and chemical corrosion residues.

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