Pressure storage type sample preparation device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a pressure storage type sample preparation device and method, and belongs to the technical field of sample preparation, the device comprises: a sample container, the top of which is open; the plug is matched with the top opening of the sample container; one end of the fluid channel is communicated with the bottom of the sample container; the first end of the three-way valve is communicated with the other end of the fluid channel; the metering channel is communicated with the second end of the three-way valve; the reaction tube is communicated with the third end of the three-way valve; the top of the storage chamber is communicated with the top of the metering channel; wherein the internal pressure of the reaction tube is smaller than the internal pressure of the storage chamber. The liquid sample in the integrated device is driven without depending on mechanical energy of peripheral equipment or pressure generated by a heat source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sample preparation, and particularly to a pressure storage type sample preparation device and method. Background Art

[0002] Before nucleic acid detection, samples generally need to be processed, such as lysing cells (pathogens), purifying nucleic acids or removing interfering substances, and transferring a specific volume of the processed sample, etc. These steps can be completed by automated equipment or implemented using an integrated device (cartridge type). Using an integrated device (cartridge type) often requires peripheral equipment to provide mechanical power or energy in real time to drive the components inside the integrated device so that liquid or solid samples can be transferred from one position to another. The integrated nucleic acid sample preparation and volume measurement consumable device and method (CN119086222A) provides a method of driving samples by generating pressure through heating liquids, but generating the required pressure by this method requires a relatively high temperature (>100°C) and a long time. Such a high temperature is likely to damage the nucleic acid molecular structure, and in addition, the generated pressure is difficult to regulate. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a pressure storage type sample preparation device and method, and the problems to be solved are: 1. Do not rely on the pressure generated by the mechanical energy or heat source of peripheral equipment to drive the liquid sample inside the integrated device; 2. Utilize the pressure generated when filling the sample to drive the sample preparation process to complete filtration, volume measurement, and sample output.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A pressure storage type sample preparation device, comprising: A sample container with an open top; A plug adapted to the open top of the sample container; A fluid channel, one end of which is communicated with the bottom of the sample container; A three-way valve, its first end is selectively communicated with the other end of the fluid channel; A metering channel, its first opening is selectively communicated with the second end of the three-way valve; A storage chamber, its opening is communicated with the second opening of the metering channel; A reaction tube, selectively communicated with the third end of the three-way valve; Wherein, when filling the sample in the metering channel, the internal pressure of the storage chamber is greater than the internal pressure of the reaction tube; The selective communication means that the three-way valve is connected or disconnected from any two of the fluid channel, the metering channel, and the reaction tube; When the sample container is set to be not in communication with the metering channel or the reaction tube, an internal positive pressure is generated in the sample container when the plug enters the sample container; when the plug and the sample container are locked with each other, the internal positive pressure can be maintained as a constant storage pressure.

[0005] In this specification, a filtering unit is connected between the other end of the fluid channel and the first end of the three-way valve.

[0006] In this specification, the fluid channel is coupled to a heater.

[0007] In this specification, the plug is located above the sample container. An upper housing, a middle housing, and a lower housing are sequentially arranged below the sample container. The three-way valve is located in the lower housing. The metering channel and the storage chamber are located in the middle housing. One end of the fluid channel communicates with the bottom of the sample container through a filtering unit, and the other end passes through the upper housing, the middle housing, and the lower housing and communicates with the first end of the three-way valve. The second end of the three-way valve communicates with the bottom of the metering channel. The reaction tube is arranged at the bottom of the lower housing, and the top of the reaction tube communicates with the third end of the three-way valve, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device forms a type I.

[0008] In this specification, the plug is located above the sample container. The fluid channel, the three-way valve, the metering channel, and the storage chamber are horizontally arranged below the sample container. The reaction tube is detachably installed below the three-way valve, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device forms an L type.

[0009] In this specification, the plug is located above the fluid channel. The sample container is located below the fluid channel. The fluid channel, the metering channel, and the storage chamber are horizontally arranged. The reaction tube is detachably installed below the three-way valve, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device forms a T type.

[0010] In this specification, the sample container is coupled to a heater.

[0011] In this specification, a piston unit is used to replace the three-way valve. The piston unit includes a sealing ring, a movable plug, a pull rod, and a cavity. One end of the pull rod is located outside the cavity, and the other end of the pull rod extends into the cavity and passes through the movable plug to be connected to the sealing ring. The movable plug can move axially and rotate. A part of the cavity on the side of the sealing ring away from the movable plug communicates with the top of the storage chamber. The movable plug is provided with a communication groove. When the pull rod is in the outward pull position, a part of the cavity on the side of the sealing ring close to the movable plug communicates with the bottom of the metering channel and the reaction tube respectively. The distance between the communication point between the metering channel and the cavity and the communication point between the fluid channel and the cavity is less than the length of the communication groove. When the pull rod is in the inward push position, the metering channel and the fluid channel are communicated through the communication groove. When the communication groove is located at a position away from the communication point between the metering channel and the cavity and the communication point between the fluid channel and the cavity, the metering channel does not communicate with the fluid channel and the reaction tube.

[0012] A pressure storage type sample preparation method, applying the pressure storage type sample preparation device described in any one of the above, the pressure storage type sample preparation method includes: Disconnect the communication between the fluid channel and the metering channel and the reaction tube through the three-way valve, place the sample in the sample container, insert the plug into the sample container, generate a positive pressure in the sample container and lock the plug; connect the fluid channel and the metering channel through the three-way valve and disconnect the reaction tube. The sample in the sample container enters the metering channel through the fluid channel and the three-way valve. When the metering channel is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel enters the bottom of the storage chamber and generates a positive pressure in the upper cavity of the storage chamber; at this time, connect the reaction tube and the metering channel through the three-way valve and disconnect the fluid channel. Since the pressure in the internal cavity of the storage chamber is greater than the pressure in the reaction tube, a quantitative sample in the metering channel enters the reaction tube through the three-way valve.

[0013] A pressure storage type sample preparation method, applying a pressure storage type sample preparation device, the pressure storage type sample preparation method includes: Disconnect the fluid channel from the metering channel and the reaction tube through the movable plug. Place the sample in the sample container, insert the plug into the sample container, generate a positive pressure in the sample container and lock the plug. Connect the metering channel and the fluid channel through the communication groove, and make the movable plug block the connection between the reaction tube and the cavity. The sample enters the metering channel from the fluid channel and the communication groove. When the metering channel is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel enters the bottom of the storage chamber from the top. As more samples enter the storage chamber, the pressure in the cavity above the storage chamber becomes greater, which in turn pushes the sealing ring, the pull rod and the movable plug until the movable plug no longer blocks the connection between the reaction tube and the cavity, and the metering channel is disconnected from the communication groove; or when the metering channel is filled with the sample, directly pull the pull rod to move the movable plug until it no longer blocks the connection between the reaction tube and the cavity, and the metering channel is disconnected from the communication groove; at this time, the sample in the metering channel enters the reaction tube through the cavity under the pressure in the cavity above the storage chamber.

[0014] In summary, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: No external force required: After the sample container is pressurized, the generated pressure can be used to complete the entire process of sample preparation, including pathogen lysis (physical, chemical or enzymatic method), liquid transfer, filtration, volume measurement, sample output, etc.

[0015] Easy to operate: Except for the general operations of adding samples and covering the lid, the user does not need to perform pipetting operations.

[0016] Low cost: The structure is simple, and the structural parts are composed of injection molded parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the pressure storage type sample preparation device involved in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the type I pressure storage type sample preparation device involved in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the piston unit involved in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the piston unit in the closed state (the fluid channel, the metering channel and the reaction tube are not connected to each other) involved in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the metering channel and the reaction tube being connected through a cavity in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the L-shaped pressure storage type sample preparation device involved in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the T-shaped pressure storage type sample preparation device involved in the present invention.

[0025] Reference numerals: 1. Sample container; 2. Plug; 3. Fluid channel; 4. Three-way valve; 5. Metering channel; 6. Reaction tube; 7. Storage chamber; 8. Heater; 9. Filter unit; 10. Sealing ring; 11. Movable plug; 12. Pull rod; 13. Cavity; 14. Sampling swab; 15. Upper housing; 16. Middle housing; 17. Lower housing; 18. Connecting groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] In the following text, only some exemplary embodiments are simply described. As those skilled in the art can recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and the description are considered to be exemplary in nature rather than restrictive.

[0027] The following disclosure provides many different implementation manners or examples for implementing different structures of the embodiments of the present invention. To simplify the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention, the components and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are only examples and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention may repeat reference numerals and / or reference letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, and does not itself indicate the relationship between the various implementation manners and / or settings discussed.

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0029] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a pressure storage type sample preparation device, including: A sample container 1 with an open top; A plug 2 adapted to the open top of the sample container 1; A fluid channel 3 with one end communicating with the bottom of the sample container 1; A three-way valve 4, the first end of which is selectively communicated with the other end of the fluid channel 3; A metering channel 5, the first opening of which is selectively communicated with the second end of the three-way valve 4; The reaction tube 6 is selectively communicated with the third end of the three-way valve 4; The storage chamber 7, whose opening (top) is communicated with the second opening (top) of the metering channel 5; Wherein, when filling the sample in the metering channel, the internal pressure of the storage chamber is greater than the internal pressure of the reaction tube; The selective communication means that the three-way valve is connected or disconnected from any two of the fluid channel, the metering channel, and the reaction tube; When the sample container is set to be not communicated with the metering channel or the reaction tube, when the plug enters the sample container, a positive internal pressure is generated in the sample container; when the plug and the sample container are locked with each other, the internal positive pressure can be maintained as a constant stored pressure.

[0030] Wherein, the working process of the device can refer to the following method and will not be repeated here.

[0031] In some embodiments, a sampling swab 14 is placed in the sample container 1, and the plug 2 is provided with a groove adapted to the rod structure of the sampling swab 14.

[0032] In some embodiments, a filtering unit 9 is connected between the other end of the fluid channel 3 and the first end of the three-way valve 4 to remove the precipitate in the heated liquid.

[0033] In some embodiments, the fluid channel 3 is coupled with a heater 8 (a heater 8 is provided) to heat the flowing liquid (to lyse the sample to release nucleic acid).

[0034] In some embodiments, the volumes of the sample container 1, the metering channel 5, and / or the storage chamber 7 can be configured as required. Wherein the volume of the metering channel 5 matches the volume of the sample required for nucleic acid amplification reaction in the reaction tube 6. The pressure of the sample container 1 can be adjusted by the cooperation of the plug 2 and the sample container 1, that is, when the sample container 1 is not communicated with other parts, an initial pressure is generated by compressing the air in the sample container 1 when the plug 2 enters the sample container 1. This initial pressure can be pre-stored in the sample container 1 (stored pressure). When the sample container 1 has a fixed size, the magnitude of the stored pressure depends on the depth of the plug 2 entering the sample container 1 (i.e., the volume of the sample container 1 is reduced). The internal pressure of the storage chamber 7 can be the pressure after the internal pressure of the sample container 1 and the internal pressure of the storage chamber 7 reach equilibrium and is less than the stored pressure. When filling the sample in the metering channel, the internal pressure of the storage chamber is greater than the internal pressure of the reaction tube. When the internal pressure of the reaction tube is the ambient pressure, the stored pressure is greater than the ambient pressure, which can be more than 1.1 times, or more than 1.5 times, or more than 2 times, or more than 3 times of the ambient pressure, such as 2 - 4 times, 3 - 6 times.

[0035] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, the plug 2 is located above the sample container 1. An upper housing 15, a middle housing 16, and a lower housing 17 are sequentially arranged below the sample container 1. The three-way valve 4 is located in the lower housing 17. The metering channel 5 and the storage chamber 7 are located in the middle housing 16. One end of the fluid channel 3 communicates with the bottom of the sample container 1 through a filtering unit 9, and the other end passes through the upper housing 15, the middle housing 16, and the lower housing 17 and communicates with the first end of the three-way valve 4. The second end of the three-way valve 4 communicates with the bottom of the metering channel 5. The reaction tube 6 is provided at the bottom of the lower housing 17, and the top of the reaction tube 6 communicates with the third end of the three-way valve 4, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device forms a type I.

[0036] In some embodiments, as Figure 6 shown, the plug 2 is located above the sample container 1. The fluid channel 3 is in an L shape. The fluid channel 3, the three-way valve 4, the metering channel 5, and the storage chamber 7 are horizontally arranged at the lower right of the sample container 1. The reaction tube 6 is detachably installed below or at the lower left of the three-way valve 4, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device forms an L shape.

[0037] In some embodiments, as Figure 7 shown, the plug 2 is located above the left side of the fluid channel 3. The sample container 1 (the part containing the sample) is located below the left side of the fluid channel 3 (the part of the upper part of the sample container 1 without the sample is located above the left side of the fluid channel 3). The right side of the fluid channel 3 is the metering channel 5 and the storage chamber 7 which are horizontally arranged. The reaction tube 6 is detachably installed below or at the lower left of the three-way valve 4, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device forms a T shape.

[0038] In some embodiments, the sample container 1 is coupled to a heater 8 (a heater 8 is provided). The pathogen is inactivated by heating and the nucleic acid is released.

[0039] In some embodiments, as Figure 3As shown in the figure, a piston unit is used to replace the three-way valve 4. The piston unit includes a sealing ring 10, a movable plug 11, a pull rod 12 and a cavity 13. One end of the pull rod 12 is located outside the cavity 13, and the other end of the pull rod 12 extends into the cavity 13 and passes through the movable plug 11 to be connected with the sealing ring 10. The movable plug 11 can move axially and rotate; a part of the cavity 13 on the side of the sealing ring 10 away from the movable plug 11 communicates with the top of the storage chamber 7. The movable plug 11 is provided with a communication groove 18. When the pull rod is in the outward pull position, a part of the cavity 13 on the side of the sealing ring 10 close to the movable plug 11 communicates with the bottom of the metering channel 5 and the reaction tube 6 respectively, and the two communication points are in the same vertical direction. A part of the cavity 13 on the side of the sealing ring 10 close to the movable plug 11 communicates with the fluid channel 3, and the communication point is located on the side of the communication point between this part of the cavity 13 and the metering channel 5 away from the sealing ring 10; the distance between the communication point between the metering channel 5 and the cavity 13 and the communication point between the fluid channel 3 and the cavity 13 is less than the length of the communication groove 18, so that when the pull rod is in the inward push position, the metering channel 5 and the fluid channel 3 are communicated through the communication groove 18; when the communication groove is placed at a position away from the communication point between the metering channel and the cavity and the communication point between the fluid channel and the cavity, the metering channel is not communicated with the fluid channel and the reaction tube.

[0040] In some embodiments, a pressure storage type sample preparation method is applied to a pressure storage type sample preparation device. The pressure storage type sample preparation method includes: Disconnect the communication between the fluid channel 3 and the metering channel 5 and the reaction tube 6 through the three-way valve 4. Place the sample in the sample container 1, insert the plug 2 into the sample container 1, generate a positive pressure in the sample container 1 and lock the plug 2. Under the action of the pressure generated when the plug 2 is inserted, the sample in the sample container 1 flows into the fluid channel 3. At the same time, connect the fluid channel 3 and the metering channel 5 through the three-way valve 4 and disconnect the reaction tube 6. The sample enters the metering channel 5 from the fluid channel 3 and the three-way valve 4. When the metering channel 5 is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel 5 enters the bottom of the storage chamber 7 from the top and generates a positive pressure in the upper cavity of the storage chamber 7; at this time, connect the reaction tube 6 and the metering channel 5 through the three-way valve 4 and disconnect the fluid channel 3. Due to the pressure in the inner cavity of the storage chamber 7 being greater than the pressure in the reaction tube 6, under the action of the pressure in the storage chamber 7, a quantitative sample in the metering channel 5 enters the reaction tube 6 through the three-way valve 4.

[0041] In some embodiments, a pressure storage type sample preparation method is applied to a pressure storage type sample preparation device. The pressure storage type sample preparation method includes: The communication between the fluid channel 3, the metering channel 5 and the reaction tube 6 is disconnected by the movable plug 11. The sample is placed in the sample container 1, and the plug 2 is inserted into the sample container 1. A positive pressure is generated in the sample container 1 to lock the plug 2. Under the action of the pressure generated when the plug 2 is inserted, the sample in the sample container 1 flows into the fluid channel 3. At the same time, the pull rod 12 is rotated to connect the metering channel 5 and the fluid channel 3 through the communication groove 18, and the movable plug 11 is made to block the connection between the reaction tube 6 and the cavity 13. The sample flows from the fluid channel 3 and the communication groove 18 into the metering channel 5. When the metering channel 5 is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel 5 enters the bottom of the storage chamber 7 from the top. As more samples enter the storage chamber 7, the pressure in the upper cavity of the storage chamber 7 becomes greater, and the pressure in the cavity 13 communicated with the storage chamber 7 also becomes greater, thereby pushing the sealing ring 10, the pull rod 12 and the movable plug 11 until the movable plug 11 no longer blocks the connection between the reaction tube 6 and the cavity 13, and the metering channel 5 is disconnected from the communication groove 18; or when the metering channel 5 is filled with the sample, the pull rod 12 is directly pulled to move the movable plug 11 until it no longer blocks the connection between the reaction tube 6 and the cavity 13, and the metering channel 5 is disconnected from the communication groove 18; at this time, the sample in the metering channel 5 enters the reaction tube 6 through the cavity 13 under the pressure of the upper cavity of the storage chamber 7.

[0042] In the initial state (before rotating the pull rod 12), the piston unit is in the closed state (the fluid channel 3, the metering channel 5, and the reaction tube 6 are not communicated with each other), as Figure 4 shown, the metering channel 5 and the reaction tube 6 are communicated through the cavity 13, as Figure 5 shown, the metering channel 5 and the fluid channel 3 are communicated through the communication groove 18, as Figure 3 shown.

[0043] The metered sample in the metering channel 5 is transferred to the reaction tube. When freeze-dried reagent is contained in the tube, the reagent will dissolve, and then the amplification reaction and detection can be carried out.

[0044] The above-described embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the present invention. Therefore, the change of the exemplified numerical values or the replacement of equivalent elements still belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0045] From the above detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can indeed achieve the foregoing objectives, and it actually complies with the provisions of the Patent Law.

[0046] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention. The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that the above description of the process is only for illustration and explanation, and does not limit the scope of application of this specification. For those skilled in the art, various corrections and changes can be made to the process under the guidance of this specification. However, these corrections and changes are still within the scope of this specification.

[0048] The basic concept has been described above. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this application, the above invention disclosure is only for illustration and does not constitute a limitation to this application. Although not explicitly stated here, those of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this application. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are proposed in this application, so such modifications, improvements, and corrections still fall within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0049] Meanwhile, this application uses specific terms to describe the embodiments of this application. For example, "one embodiment", "an embodiment", and / or "some embodiments" mean a certain feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that the "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned two or more times in different positions in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of this application can be appropriately combined.

[0050] In addition, unless clearly stated in the claims, the order of the processing elements and sequences, the use of numbers and letters, or the use of other names described in this application are not used to limit the order of the processes and methods of this application. For example, the first end, the second end, one end, and the other end refer to the relative settings under specific conditions; when a component such as a three-way valve changes its setting or connection method, the original first end can become the second end, and so on.

[0051] Although some currently useful embodiments of the invention have been discussed by way of various examples in the foregoing disclosure, it should be understood that such details are for illustrative purposes only and the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, the claims are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent combinations that fall within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application. For example, although the implementation of the various components described above may be embodied in a hardware device, it may also be implemented as a pure software solution, e.g., an installation on an existing server or mobile device.

[0052] Similarly, it should be noted that, for the purpose of simplifying the presentation of the disclosure of the present application and thus facilitating the understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, in the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application, various features are sometimes grouped together in one embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this method of the present application should not be construed as reflecting an intention that the claimed subject matter requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. On the contrary, the subject matter of the invention should have fewer features than the above single embodiment.

Claims

1. A pressure storage type sample preparation device, characterized in that, Comprising: A sample container with an open top; A stopper adapted to the open top of the sample container; A fluid channel with one end communicating with the bottom of the sample container; A three-way valve, the first end of which is selectively communicated with the other end of the fluid channel; A metering channel, the first opening of which is selectively communicated with the second end of the three-way valve; A storage chamber, the opening of which is communicated with the second opening of the metering channel; A reaction tube selectively communicated with the third end of the three-way valve; Wherein, when the metering channel is filled with the sample, the internal pressure in the storage chamber is greater than the internal pressure in the reaction tube; The selective communication means that the three-way valve is connected or disconnected from any two of the fluid channel, the metering channel, and the reaction tube; When the sample container is set to be not communicated with the metering channel or the reaction tube, when the stopper enters the sample container, an internal positive pressure is generated in the sample container; when the stopper and the sample container are locked with each other, the internal positive pressure can be maintained as a constant pressure storage.

2. The pressure storage type sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein A filtering unit is connected between the other end of the fluid channel and the first end of the three-way valve.

3. The pressure storage type sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein, The fluid channel is coupled with a heater.

4. The pressure storage type sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein The stopper is located above the sample container. An upper housing, a middle housing, and a lower housing are sequentially arranged below the sample container. The three-way valve is located in the lower housing. The metering channel and the storage chamber are located in the middle housing. One end of the fluid channel is communicated with the bottom of the sample container through the filtering unit, and the other end passes through the upper housing, the middle housing, and the lower housing and is communicated with the first end of the three-way valve. The second end of the three-way valve is communicated with the bottom of the metering channel. The reaction tube is arranged at the bottom of the lower housing, and the top of the reaction tube is communicated with the third end of the three-way valve, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device forms a type I.

5. The pressure storage type sample preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that The stopper is located above the sample container. The fluid channel, the three-way valve, the metering channel, and the storage chamber are horizontally arranged below the sample container. The reaction tube is detachably installed below the three-way valve, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device forms an L type.

6. The pressure storage type sample preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that The stopper is located above the fluid channel. The sample container is located below the fluid channel. The fluid channel, the metering channel, and the storage chamber are horizontally arranged. The reaction tube is detachably installed below the three-way valve, so that the pressure storage type sample preparation device forms a T type.

7. The pressure storage type sample preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that The sample container is coupled with a heater.

8. The pressure storage type sample preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Replace the three-way valve with a piston unit, the piston unit including a sealing ring, a movable plug, a pull rod and a cavity. One end of the pull rod is located outside the cavity, and the other end of the pull rod extends into the cavity and passes through the movable plug to be connected with the sealing ring. The movable plug can move axially and rotate. A part of the cavity on the side of the sealing ring away from the movable plug communicates with the top of the storage chamber. The movable plug is provided with a communication groove. When the pull rod is in the outward pull position, a part of the cavity on the side of the sealing ring close to the movable plug communicates with the bottom of the metering channel and the reaction tube respectively. The distance between the communication position between the metering channel and the cavity and the communication position between the fluid channel and the cavity is less than the length of the communication groove. When the pull rod is in the inward push position, the metering channel and the fluid channel are communicated through the communication groove. When the communication groove is located at a position away from the communication position between the metering channel and the cavity and the communication position between the fluid channel and the cavity, the metering channel is not communicated with the fluid channel and the reaction tube.

9. A pressure storage type sample preparation method, characterized in that, Apply the pressure storage type sample preparation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The pressure storage type sample preparation method includes: Disconnect the communication between the fluid channel and the metering channel and the reaction tube through the three-way valve. Place the sample in the sample container, plug the plug into the sample container, generate a positive pressure in the sample container and lock the plug. Connect the fluid channel and the metering channel through the three-way valve and disconnect the reaction tube. The sample in the sample container enters the metering channel through the fluid channel and the three-way valve. When the metering channel is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel enters the bottom of the storage chamber and generates a positive pressure in the upper cavity of the storage chamber. At this time, connect the reaction tube and the metering channel through the three-way valve and disconnect the fluid channel. Due to the pressure in the inner cavity of the storage chamber being greater than the pressure in the reaction tube, a quantitative sample in the metering channel enters the reaction tube through the three-way valve.

10. A pressure storage type sample preparation method, characterized in that, Apply the pressure storage type sample preparation device according to claim 8. The pressure storage type sample preparation method includes: Disconnect the communication between the fluid channel and the metering channel and the reaction tube through the movable plug. Place the sample in the sample container, plug the plug into the sample container, generate a positive pressure in the sample container and lock the plug. Connect the metering channel and the fluid channel through the communication groove and make the movable plug block the communication position between the reaction tube and the cavity. The sample enters the metering channel from the fluid channel and the communication groove. When the metering channel is filled with the sample, the excess sample in the metering channel enters the bottom of the storage chamber from the top. As more samples enter the storage chamber, the pressure in the upper cavity of the storage chamber becomes greater, thereby pushing the sealing ring, the pull rod and the movable plug until the movable plug no longer blocks the communication position between the reaction tube and the cavity, and the metering channel is disconnected from the communication groove. Or when the metering channel is filled with the sample, directly pull the pull rod to move the movable plug until it no longer blocks the communication position between the reaction tube and the cavity, and the metering channel is disconnected from the communication groove. At this time, the sample in the metering channel enters the reaction tube through the cavity under the pressure in the upper cavity of the storage chamber.

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