A full-solar-band spectrum adjustable fiber, fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a fiber and fabric with tunable full-spectrum solar radiation, and a method for their preparation. The method for preparing the fiber involves using fluorescent materials, high-refractive-index nanoparticles, and a polymer substrate. Special fluorescent materials with different fluorescence spectral characteristics are uniformly distributed within the polymer substrate, forming a random optical absorption-emission system. The absorption-emission characteristics of a single fluorescent material or the absorption-emission effect of a combination of multiple fluorescent materials are utilized to achieve spectral control of the fiber and fabric within the solar radiation band. Furthermore, one or more fluorescent materials can be selected according to different needs, and based on their different luminescence properties resulting from wavelength conversion after ultraviolet absorption, spectral control in both the visible and near-infrared bands can be achieved simultaneously. The fabric made from the fiber with tunable full-spectrum solar radiation is fabricated through a designed structure to achieve highly efficient full-spectrum solar radiation reflection in the outer layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functional textile technology, and in particular to a fiber and fabric with tunable spectrum across the entire solar band and a method for preparing the same. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of living standards, people are paying more and more attention to protection against outdoor solar radiation. Under the intense direct sunlight outdoors, people inevitably suffer from the harmful effects of solar radiation, leading to problems such as sunburn, pigmentation, accelerated skin aging, and even inducing skin cancer, endangering life. Among solar radiation, ultraviolet radiation is the most harmful to the skin and is the most widely known. However, with the deepening of medical and life science research, it has been discovered that excessive visible light and near-infrared radiation can also cause serious damage to the skin, leading to a series of problems such as photoaging. Furthermore, existing fabrics often suffer from problems such as stuffiness and bacterial growth in high-humidity and hot environments, seriously affecting the comfort of wearing the fabric and the cost of maintenance.

[0003] Existing technology discloses a passive cooling fabric modified with alginate-calcium carbonate composite microspheres, comprising alginate-calcium carbonate composite microspheres and a fabric, with the alginate-calcium carbonate composite microspheres fixed on the fabric surface. This product has a reflectivity of 0.78–0.80 in the 0.50 μm to 1.25 μm wavelength range and an emissivity of 0.93–0.98 in the 8–13 μm wavelength range. However, the washability of the aforementioned cooling fabric needs further verification, and the alginate-calcium carbonate composite microspheres may be significantly lost after mechanical action, affecting the radiative cooling effect.

[0004] Existing technology discloses a method for preparing sun-protective fabric, the fabric itself, and a sun umbrella. This method utilizes large-particle titanium dioxide powder in the surface and middle layers of the fabric to reflect and scatter ultraviolet (UV) radiation, blocking most UV rays. Small-particle titanium dioxide adhering to the internal fabric fibers absorbs some UV radiation that penetrates the first and second coatings. However, this method only regulates the UV spectrum and lacks full-spectrum control capabilities. Furthermore, the large amount of titanium dioxide on the fabric surface absorbs UV energy, increasing the fabric temperature; it only provides sun protection without cooling.

[0005] Existing technology discloses a fabric with water-locking, moisturizing, cooling, and sun-protective properties, mainly woven from heat-insulating and cooling polyester yarn and collagen nylon yarn. One side of the resulting fabric is made of heat-insulating and cooling fibers, providing insulation against external radiation, a cooling sensation, and sun protection. The other side is made of collagen nylon fibers, offering a silky smooth feel similar to silk and a bouncy texture like cashmere, while also possessing moisture-wicking, moisturizing, cooling comfort, and deodorizing properties. However, the above method does not effectively regulate the entire solar spectrum, and its cooling effect is very limited.

[0006] Existing technology discloses a radiation-cooling fabric, wherein the first layer is a reflective film, and the second layer is woven from composite fibers prepared from a polymer substrate and micro / nano particles dispersed in the polymer substrate. This radiation-cooling fabric overcomes the inherent problems of severe light leakage and severe ultraviolet absorption in previous radiation-cooling fabrics, with a solar spectral reflectance greater than 90% and a mid-infrared emissivity greater than 90%. However, the fabric surface of the above method is covered with a thin film, which may affect its wearability and comfort. In addition, this method only considers the radiation cooling path of the fabric, resulting in a relatively simple function.

[0007] Currently, outdoor sun protection clothing primarily focuses on the ultraviolet (UV) band. Most common sun protection clothing on the market achieves protection against UV radiation from the sun by adding UV absorbers or shielding agents. However, as people's protection requirements increase, existing sun protection clothing is insufficient to meet personalized sun protection needs. Furthermore, most existing sun protection fabrics suffer from poor breathability and sweat-wicking properties, have poor durability, and lack cooling functions. In addition, existing cooling fabrics offer limited wearing comfort, making them unsuitable for making actual apparel. Therefore, it is necessary to combine optical hierarchical structure design, advanced material development, and industrial weaving technology to prepare hierarchical structure fabrics with tunable full-spectrum solar radiation, possessing excellent broad-spectrum control performance, moisture absorption, deodorization, and antibacterial properties. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a fiber and fabric with tunable spectrum across the entire solar spectrum, as well as a method for their preparation. This invention creates a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar spectrum through the selection of special fluorescent materials, high-refractive-index nanoparticles, and polymer substrate materials. This achieves effective control over solar radiation across the entire spectrum, specifically controlling the transmittance in the ultraviolet (0.3–0.4 μm), visible (0.4–0.7 μm), and near-infrared (0.7–2.5 μm) bands. The fabric of this invention, through structural design, the selection of functional micro / nano particles in the multifunctional fabric layer, and the use of black disperse dyes, endows the inner layer with high optical absorption, moisture absorption, cooling properties, antibacterial properties, and deodorizing properties, thereby meeting the high demands of people for solar radiation protection and wearing comfort.

[0009] The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Fluorescent materials, high-refractive-index nanoparticles, and polymer substrate materials are melt-extruded to obtain composite multi-material masterbatch;

[0012] The composite multi-material masterbatch is heated and melted, and then sprayed out through a spinneret to form a fine stream of melt, which is then wound to obtain a primary filament.

[0013] The nascent filaments are heated and stretched to obtain fibers with tunable spectra across the entire solar spectrum.

[0014] The high-refractive-index inorganic micro / nano particles have a refractive index n ≥ 2.5.

[0015] Preferably, in the method for preparing the full solar spectrum tunable fiber, the fluorescent material includes at least one of the following: bis(tert-butylbenzothiophene), 4'-bis(2-sulfonylstyryl)-1,1'-biphenyl, 2,5-bis(benzoxazole-2-)thiophene, coumarin-based fluorescent dyes, bis(triazine amino) type fluorescent whitening agents, 1,4-bis(4-cyanostyl)benzene, 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole-2-)thiophene, 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline, and pyrazoline type fluorescent whitening agents.

[0016] Preferably, in the method for preparing the full solar spectrum tunable fiber, the coumarin-based fluorescent dye includes at least one of 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic acid and 4-(chloromethyl)-7-hydrocoumarin.

[0017] Preferably, in the method for preparing the full solar spectrum tunable fiber, the high refractive index nanoparticles include at least one of titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zinc oxide, boron nitride, aluminum silicate, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, and calcium sulfate.

[0018] And / or, the polymer base material includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, fluoropolymer, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyester and sodium isophthalate sulfonate copolymer, acrylate copolymer, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile, cyclic olefin copolymer, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, styrene-dimethyl methacrylate copolymer, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene ether, polyimide, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol acetal;

[0019] And / or, the mass fraction of fluorescent material in the composite multi-material masterbatch is 0.5-5%, and the mass fraction of high refractive index nanoparticles is 0-20%;

[0020] And / or, the particle size of the high refractive index inorganic micro / nano particles is 0.5–1.0 μm.

[0021] Preferably, in the method for preparing the full solar spectrum tunable fiber, the winding speed is 100m / min to 1200m / min;

[0022] The heating and drawing process for nascent filaments specifically includes:

[0023] The initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence along the filament direction and is stretched. The temperature of the first heating roller is 80-110℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 120-140℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 140-160m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 690-730m / min.

[0024] The stretching ratio is 1 to 10 times.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention also provides a fabric comprising a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer, wherein the high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer is obtained by warp and weft weaving of full solar spectrum tunable fibers prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.

[0026] Preferably, the fabric further includes a multifunctional fabric layer, which is bonded to the high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer, and the multifunctional fabric layer is obtained by weaving multifunctional fibers through warp and weft.

[0027] Preferably, the fabric and the method for preparing the multifunctional fiber include the following steps:

[0028] Functional micro / nano particles and polymer substrates are melt-extruded to obtain multifunctional material masterbatch;

[0029] The multifunctional material masterbatch is heated and melted, and then sprayed out through a spinneret to form a fine stream of melt, which is then wound to obtain a multifunctional material filament.

[0030] Multifunctional material filaments are heated and stretched, then dyed in black disperse dye, washed, and dried to produce multifunctional fibers.

[0031] Preferably, the functional micro / nano particles in the fabric include at least one of graphite, bismuth oxide, graphene, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, diamond, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, SiO2, ZrO2, ZnO, anatase nano-TiO2, Al2O3 nanoparticles, Fe2O3 nanoparticles, mica nanoparticles, and NiO nanoparticles.

[0032] And / or, the polymer substrate comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, fluoropolymer, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyester and sodium isophthalate sulfonate copolymer, acrylate copolymer, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile, cyclic olefin copolymer, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, styrene-dimethyl methacrylate copolymer, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene ether, polyimide, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol acetal.

[0033] Preferably, in the fabric, the mass fraction of functional micro / nano particles in the multifunctional material masterbatch is 0-5%;

[0034] The particle size of the functional micro / nano particles is 0.1–1 μm.

[0035] The full solar spectrum tunable fibers, fabrics, and their preparation methods of the present invention have the following advantages over existing technologies:

[0036] 1. This invention relates to a method for preparing a full-spectrum tunable fiber, which is made from fluorescent materials, high-refractive-index nanoparticles, and a polymer substrate. The polymer substrate fiber possesses good mechanical properties and flexibility, meeting the basic requirements of industrial spinning and weaving. Furthermore, it exhibits different transmittances across the entire solar spectrum, allowing for flexible control. Special fluorescent materials with different fluorescence spectral characteristics are uniformly distributed within the polymer substrate, forming a random optical absorption-emission system. The absorption-emission characteristics of a single fluorescent material or the absorption-emission effect of a combination of multiple fluorescent materials are utilized to achieve spectral control of the fiber and fabric across the solar spectrum. Moreover, one or more fluorescent materials can be selected according to different needs, and based on their different luminescence properties resulting from wavelength conversion after ultraviolet absorption, spectral control in both the visible and near-infrared bands can be achieved simultaneously. Fabrics made from the full-spectrum tunable fiber are prepared through a structure design to achieve highly efficient full-spectrum solar reflectance in the outer layer.

[0037] 2. The fabric of this invention, based on optical structure and material design, generates a selective ultra-wideband optical response across the entire solar spectrum, thereby guiding and manipulating solar radiation. Through the wavelength conversion effect of fluorescent materials, it achieves superior UV protection compared to traditional sun-protective clothing. Spectral modulation is applied to the optical interactions between solar radiation, textiles, and human skin, achieving efficient full-spectrum solar radiation management. Furthermore, the selective combination of various functional yarns in the inner layer effectively controls the fabric's skin-friendliness and comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric structure in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric being woven by warp and weft in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the sun protection and cooling mechanism of the fabric in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 The fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the fluorescent material in Example 3 of this invention are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] To better understand the invention and not to limit its scope, all figures indicating amounts, percentages, and other numerical values ​​used in this application should, in all cases, be understood to be modified by the word "approximately." Therefore, unless specifically stated otherwise, the numerical parameters listed in the specification and appended claims are approximate values ​​and may vary depending on the desired properties being sought. Each numerical parameter should at least be considered as obtained based on reported significant figures and through conventional rounding methods.

[0045] It should be noted that the order of description of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred order of embodiments. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the term "comprising" means "including but not limited to". Various embodiments of the present invention may exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the scope of the invention; therefore, it should be considered that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numerical values ​​within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single digits within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, regardless of the range. Additionally, whenever a numerical range is referred to herein, it means including any referenced number (fraction or integer) within the referred range.

[0046] This invention provides a method for preparing fibers with tunable spectra across the entire solar spectrum, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1. Fluorescent materials, high-refractive-index nanoparticles and polymer substrate materials are melt-extruded to obtain composite multi-material masterbatch;

[0048] S2. The composite multi-material masterbatch is heated and melted, and then sprayed out through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt, which is then wound to obtain the initial filament.

[0049] S3. The initial filament is heated and stretched to obtain a fiber with a tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range.

[0050] Among them, the refractive index n of high refractive index inorganic micro-nano particles is ≥2.5.

[0051] Specifically, the preparation method of the full solar spectrum tunable fiber of the present invention involves melting and extruding fluorescent materials, high refractive index nanoparticles, and polymer substrate materials in a predetermined ratio to obtain a preliminary composite material masterbatch of fluorescent materials and polymer substrate materials; the preliminary composite material masterbatch is then melt-extruded again to obtain a composite multi-material masterbatch; the composite metamaterial masterbatch is melted and extruded through a spinneret to form a melt stream, which is then wound to obtain a primary growth filament; the primary growth filament is heated and stretched along the filament direction, and then wound to obtain a full solar spectrum tunable filament; the full solar spectrum tunable filament is heated, curled, and then cut to obtain a full solar spectrum tunable fiber.

[0052] In some embodiments, the fluorescent material includes bis-tert-butylbenzylthiophene (C 26 H 26 N2O2S), 4'-bis(2-sulfonylstyryl)-1,1'-biphenyl, 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-)thiophene (C 18 H 10N2O2S), coumarin-based fluorescent dyes, and bis(triazine amino) fluorescent whitening agents (C 36 H 34 N 12 O8S2NA2), 1,4-bis(4-cyanostrene)benzene (C 24 H 16 At least one of N2), 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole-2-)thiophene, 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline, and pyrazoline-type fluorescent whitening agents.

[0053] In some embodiments, coumarin fluorescent dyes include coumarin compounds containing different substituents, such as 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic acid and 4-(chloromethyl)-7-hydrocoumarin.

[0054] In some embodiments, the high refractive index nanoparticles include at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc sulfide (ZnS), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), zinc oxide (ZnO), boron nitride (BN), aluminum silicate (Al2SiO5), barium sulfate (BaSO4), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), barium carbonate (BaCO3), and calcium sulfate (CaSO4).

[0055] In some embodiments, the polymer substrate material includes at least one selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), fluoropolymers, polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyester and sodium isophthalate sulfonate copolymer, acrylate copolymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene terephthalate (PTT), polyvinylidene chloride resin (PVDC), vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyurethane (PU), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-methyl dimethacrylate copolymer (SMMA), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyphenylene ether (PPO), polyimide (PI), vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), and polyvinyl alcohol acetal.

[0056] In some embodiments, the mass fraction of fluorescent material in the composite multi-material masterbatch is 0.5-5%, and the mass fraction of high-refractive-index nanoparticles is 0-20%.

[0057] In some embodiments, the particle size of the high-refractive-index inorganic micro / nano particles is 0.5–1.0 μm.

[0058] In some embodiments, the diameter of the full solar spectrum tunable fiber is 10 μm to 100 μm, preferably 20 to 40 μm.

[0059] In some embodiments, the winding speed is 100-1200 m / min; the drawing speed is 50-600 m / min; the drawing temperature is 50-250°C; and the drawing ratio is 1-10 times.

[0060] Specifically, in some embodiments, the heating and stretching of the initial filament includes:

[0061] The initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence along the filament direction and is stretched. The temperature of the first heating roller is 80-110℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 120-140℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 140-160m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 690-730m / min.

[0062] The draw ratio is 1 to 10 times.

[0063] Preferably, in some embodiments, the fluorescent material is 1,4-bis(2-cyanostylenyl)benzene, the high-refractive-index inorganic micro / nanoparticles are titanium dioxide (TiO2), and the polymer substrate material is polyethylene terephthalate (PET); the mass fraction of the fluorescent material in the composite multi-material masterbatch is 1.099–1.16%, and the mass fraction of the high-refractive-index nanoparticles is 5.81–10.99%.

[0064] Preferably, in some embodiments, the fluorescent material is 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene, the high-refractive-index inorganic micro / nanoparticles are barium sulfate or silicon dioxide, and the polymer substrate material is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polylactic acid; the mass fraction of the fluorescent material in the composite multi-material masterbatch is 0.552–1.156%.

[0065] The present invention discloses a method for preparing a full-spectrum tunable fiber, comprising fluorescent materials, high-refractive-index nanoparticles, and a polymer substrate. The polymer substrate fiber possesses excellent mechanical properties and flexibility, meeting the basic requirements of industrial spinning and weaving. Furthermore, it exhibits different transmittances across the entire solar spectrum, allowing for flexible control. Special fluorescent materials with different fluorescence spectral characteristics are uniformly distributed within the polymer substrate, forming a random optical absorption-emission system. The absorption-emission characteristics of a single fluorescent material or the absorption-emission effect of a combination of multiple fluorescent materials are utilized to achieve spectral control of the fiber and fabric within the solar spectrum. Moreover, one or more fluorescent materials can be selected according to different needs, and based on their different luminescence properties resulting from wavelength conversion after ultraviolet absorption, spectral control in both the visible and near-infrared bands can be achieved simultaneously. Fabrics made from the full-spectrum tunable fiber are prepared through a structure design to achieve highly efficient full-spectrum solar reflectance in the outer layer.

[0066] Meanwhile, the preparation method of the full solar spectrum tunable fiber of the present invention, because the composite multi-material masterbatch is heated and melted and mixed, and the initial filament is heated and stretched, makes the internal fluorescent material less likely to agglomerate and more evenly distributed. The resulting filament has better mechanical properties, can take into account high doping and sufficient strength, and improves ultraviolet reflection efficiency, so as to stably weave fabrics with excellent sun protection and heat protection effects.

[0067] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a fabric, including a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer, which is obtained by warp and weft weaving of full solar spectrum tunable fibers prepared by the above-described preparation method.

[0068] Specifically, the aforementioned full solar spectrum tunable fibers are spun into yarn, and the yarn is then woven into a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer.

[0069] In some embodiments, a multifunctional fabric layer is further included, which is bonded to a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer, and the multifunctional fabric layer is obtained by weaving multifunctional fibers through warp and weft.

[0070] In some embodiments, multifunctional fibers are spun into yarn, and the yarn is then woven into a multifunctional fabric layer.

[0071] Further reference Figures 1-2 As shown, the fabric includes a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer 2 and a multifunctional fabric layer 1. The multifunctional fabric layer 1 is close to human skin and is woven from multifunctional warp yarns 11 and multifunctional weft yarns 12. The high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer 2 is woven from high-reflectivity and high-emissivity warp yarns 21 and high-reflectivity and high-emissivity warp yarns 22.

[0072] In some embodiments, the method for preparing multifunctional fibers includes the following steps:

[0073] Functional micro / nano particles and polymer substrates are melt-extruded to obtain multifunctional material masterbatch;

[0074] Multifunctional material masterbatch is heated and melted, and then sprayed out through spinneret to form a fine stream of melt, which is then wound to obtain multifunctional material filaments;

[0075] Multifunctional material filaments are heated and stretched, then dyed in black disperse dye, dried, and washed to produce multifunctional fibers.

[0076] Specifically, the preparation method of multifunctional fibers is the same as that of fibers with tunable full solar spectrum.

[0077] In some embodiments, the functional micro / nanoparticles include at least one of graphite, bismuth oxide, graphene, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, diamond, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, SiO2, ZrO2, ZnO, anatase nano-TiO2, Al2O3 nanoparticles, Fe2O3 nanoparticles, mica nanoparticles, and NiO nanoparticles.

[0078] In some embodiments, the polymer substrate includes at least one selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, fluoropolymer, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyester and sodium isophthalate sulfonate copolymer, acrylate copolymer, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile, cyclic olefin copolymer, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, styrene-dimethyl methacrylate copolymer, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene ether, polyimide, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol acetal.

[0079] In some embodiments, the mass fraction of functional micro / nano particles in the multifunctional material masterbatch is 0–5%;

[0080] In some embodiments, the particle size of the functional micro / nano particles is 0.1–1 μm.

[0081] Preferably, in some embodiments, the functional micro / nano particles are graphene nanomaterials, mica nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes, and the mass fraction of functional micro / nano particles in the multifunctional material masterbatch is 0–2.44%.

[0082] Specifically, depending on the different functional micro-nano particles used, the multifunctional fabric layer can be an optical high-absorption fabric layer, a high thermal conductivity fabric layer, a cooling fabric layer, a moisture-wicking fabric layer, or an antibacterial fabric layer.

[0083] In some embodiments, heating and drawing multifunctional material filaments specifically includes:

[0084] The multifunctional material filaments are stretched sequentially by passing through the first heating roller and the second heating roller along the filament direction. The temperature of the first heating roller is 80-110℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 120-140℃, the speed of the multifunctional material filaments passing through the first heating roller is 140-160m / min, and the speed of the multifunctional material filaments passing through the second heating roller is 690-730m / min.

[0085] The draw ratio is 1 to 10 times.

[0086] In some embodiments, the black disperse dye is a commercially available black dye.

[0087] In some embodiments, the multifunctional material filament is heated and stretched, and then dyed in black disperse dye. Specifically, the multifunctional material filament is heated and stretched, then placed in black disperse dye, and water is added simultaneously for dyeing. The mass of black disperse dye is 0.5-5% of the mass of the multifunctional material filament, the dyeing temperature is 100-135℃, the dyeing time is 20-80 min, and the liquor ratio is 1:(20-50). The liquor ratio is a textile dyeing and finishing term, referring to the ratio of the fabric to the dye liquor in the dyeing process. Specifically, it is the mass ratio of the stretched multifunctional material filament to water, i.e., 1g of multifunctional material filament is dyed with 20-50g of water.

[0088] In some embodiments, the fabric includes: a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer and a multifunctional fabric layer adhered thereto, wherein the multifunctional fabric layer is close to the skin during use; that is, the outer layer is a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer, and the inner layer is a multifunctional fabric layer. The outer fabric layer has a highly efficient full-spectrum solar light reflection effect, and the inner multifunctional fabric layer has a highly efficient full-spectrum solar light absorption effect, thereby completely absorbing sunlight passing through the outer layer of the fabric; or, the inner layer is a high thermal conductivity fabric layer, a cooling fabric layer, a moisture-wicking fabric layer, and an antibacterial fabric layer, which can significantly improve the fabric's skin-friendliness and wearing comfort. The solar band spectrum-tunable hierarchical structure fabric of the present invention generates a selective ultra-wideband optical response across the entire solar band based on optical structure and material design, thereby achieving the guidance and manipulation of solar radiation. Through the wavelength conversion effect of fluorescent materials, it has a superior UV protection effect compared to traditional sun protection clothing. Spectral modulation is performed on the optical interaction between solar radiation, textiles, and human skin to achieve efficient full-band solar radiation management. In addition, the skin-friendliness and comfort of the fabric are effectively regulated by selectively combining various functional yarns in the inner layer.

[0089] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the full-spectrum tunable fibers and fabrics of the present invention, and their preparation methods. This section further explains the content of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods, and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods, and equipment in the art.

[0090] In the following examples, the reflectance and absorptivity of the full-spectrum tunable fabric in the solar radiation (0.3-2.5 μm) band were tested using a UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer combined with an integrating sphere. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of the full-spectrum tunable fiber was performed using a Jasco FP-6500 fluorescence spectrometer.

[0091] In the following examples, the names and sources of each raw material are as follows:

[0092] 4'-Bis(2-sulfonylstyryl)-1,1'-biphenyl (trade name: Fluorescent Brightener 351, CAS No.: 38775-22-3, purchased from Guangdong Wengjiang Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.)

[0093] 2,5-Bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole-2-)thiophene (trade name: fluorescent whitening agent, CAS number: 4404-43-7, purchased from Guangdong Wengjiang Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.)

[0094] Polyethylene terephthalate (purchased from Guangdong Taibao Polymer Co., Ltd., model RAMAPET HVL3012)

[0095] Polylactic acid (purchased from Total, model LX175)

[0096] Titanium dioxide (purchased from Shanghai Liangjiang Titanium Dioxide Chemical Products Co., Ltd.)

[0097] Graphene (purchased from Jiangsu Xianfeng Nanomaterials Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0098] Silver nanoparticles (purchased from Jiangsu Xianfeng Nanomaterials Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0099] Mica nanoparticles (purchased from Shenzhen Haiyang Powder Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0100] Carbon nanotubes (purchased from Beijing Deco Island Gold Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0101] Black disperse dye (model: Textile Disperse Black ECO 300%, purchased from Dongguan Runlong Dyestuff Co., Ltd.)

[0102] Example 1

[0103] This application provides a method for preparing a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range, comprising the following steps:

[0104] S1. Weigh 20g of 4'-bis(2-sulfonylstyryl)-1,1'-biphenyl and 200g of titanium dioxide (particle size 0.4μm, refractive index 2.6), and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0105] S2. The dried 1,4-bis(2-cyanostyl)benzene, titanium dioxide, and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary composite material masterbatch. The preliminary composite material masterbatch was placed in a ventilated environment at room temperature for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary composite material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain composite multi-material masterbatch. The mass fraction of 1,4-bis(2-cyanostyl)benzene was 1.099%, and the mass fraction of titanium dioxide was 10.99%.

[0106] S3. After placing the composite multi-material masterbatch in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0107] The dried composite multi-material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. The initial filament is obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0108] S4. The initial filament is heated and stretched along the filament direction. The temperatures of the two heating rollers are set to 90℃ and 130℃, and the feeding and winding speeds are set to 150m / min and 710m / min, respectively (specifically, the initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min). The initial filament is heated and stretched 4.7 times, and the filament diameter is 20μm, thus obtaining a fiber with a full solar spectrum that can be adjusted.

[0109] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing multifunctional fibers, including the following steps:

[0110] S1. Weigh 40g of graphene nanomaterials (particle size 0.5μm) and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0111] S2. The dried graphene nanomaterials and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch. The preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was placed in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain multifunctional material masterbatch. The mass fraction of graphene nanomaterials was 2.44%.

[0112] S3. After placing the multifunctional material masterbatch in a room temperature and ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0113] The dried multifunctional material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. Multifunctional material filaments are obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0114] S4. Heat and stretch the multifunctional material filament along the filament direction. Set the temperatures of the two heating rollers to 90℃ and 130℃ respectively, and set the feeding and take-up speeds to 150m / min and 710m / min respectively (specifically, the multifunctional material filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min), so that the multifunctional material filament is heated and stretched by 4.7 times.

[0115] S5. Then, place the stretched multifunctional material filament in black disperse dye, add water at the same time, dye, dry (dry at 100℃ for 4 hours), wash with water, and dry to obtain multifunctional fiber; wherein, the mass of black disperse dye is 1% of the mass of multifunctional material filament, the dyeing temperature is 115℃, the dyeing time is 40 minutes, and the liquor ratio is 1:50.

[0116] This embodiment also provides a graded structure fabric with adjustable full solar spectrum. The fabric has a double-sided structure, including a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer and a multifunctional fabric layer. The high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer is in contact with sunlight, and the multifunctional fabric layer is in contact with human skin.

[0117] The high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the full-solar-band spectrum-tunable fiber prepared in Example 1, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer. The multifunctional fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the multifunctional fiber prepared in Example 1, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the multifunctional fabric layer. Specifically, the outer layer of the fabric is a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer, and the inner layer is a multifunctional fabric layer (specifically, a high-thermal-conductivity, high-absorption fabric layer). The warp density of both sides of the fabric is 580 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 253 yarns / 10cm, that is, the warp density of both the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer and the multifunctional fabric layer is 580 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 253 yarns / 10cm.

[0118] After testing, the fabric in Example 1 has high reflectivity in the solar light band (0.3-2.5μm) and high emissivity in the mid-infrared band (8-13μm), and also has high absorption in the solar light band (0.3-2.5μm) and high thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity of 0.227W / (m·K)).

[0119] For details, please refer to Figure 3As shown, it illustrates the sun protection and cooling mechanism of the fabric of the present invention. Sunlight passes through the high reflectivity and high emissivity fabric layer, which has high reflectivity in the solar light band (0.3-2.5μm) and high emissivity in the mid-infrared band (8-13μm), while the multifunctional fabric layer has high absorption (0.3-2.5μm) in the solar light band, thus achieving the sun protection and cooling of the fabric.

[0120] Example 2

[0121] This application provides a method for preparing a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range, comprising the following steps:

[0122] S1. Weigh 20g of 4'-bis(2-sulfonylstyryl)-1,1'-biphenyl and 100g of titanium dioxide (particle size 0.4μm, refractive index 2.6), and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0123] S2. The dried 1,4-bis(2-cyanostyl)benzene, titanium dioxide, and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary composite material masterbatch. The preliminary composite material masterbatch was placed in a ventilated environment at room temperature for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary composite material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain composite multi-material masterbatch. The mass fraction of 1,4-bis(2-cyanostyl)benzene was 1.16%, and the mass fraction of titanium dioxide was 5.81%.

[0124] S3. After placing the composite multi-material masterbatch in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0125] The dried composite multi-material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. The initial filament is obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0126] S4. The initial filament is heated and stretched along the filament direction. The temperatures of the two heating rollers are set to 90℃ and 130℃, and the feeding and winding speeds are set to 150m / min and 710m / min, respectively (specifically, the initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min). The initial filament is heated and stretched 4.7 times, and the filament diameter is 20μm, thus obtaining a fiber with a full solar spectrum that can be adjusted.

[0127] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing multifunctional fibers, including the following steps:

[0128] S1. Weigh 40g of silver nanoparticles (particle size 0.3μm) and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0129] S2. The dried silver nanoparticles and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain a preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch. The preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was placed in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain the multifunctional material masterbatch. The mass fraction of silver nanoparticles was 2.44%.

[0130] S3. After placing the multifunctional material masterbatch in a room temperature and ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0131] The dried multifunctional material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. Multifunctional material filaments are obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0132] S4. Heat and stretch the multifunctional material filament along the filament direction. Set the temperatures of the two heating rollers to 90℃ and 130℃ respectively, and set the feeding and take-up speeds to 150m / min and 710m / min respectively (specifically, the multifunctional material filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min), so that the multifunctional material filament is heated and stretched by 4.7 times.

[0133] S5. Then, place the stretched multifunctional material filament in black disperse dye, add water at the same time, dye, dry (dry at 100℃ for 4 hours), wash with water, and dry to obtain multifunctional fiber; wherein, the mass of black disperse dye is 1% of the mass of multifunctional material filament, the dyeing temperature is 115℃, the dyeing time is 40 minutes, and the liquor ratio is 1:50.

[0134] This embodiment also provides a graded structure fabric with adjustable full solar spectrum. The fabric has a double-sided structure, including a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer and a multifunctional fabric layer. The high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer is in contact with sunlight, and the multifunctional fabric layer is in contact with human skin.

[0135] The high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the full-solar-band spectral tunable fiber prepared in Example 2, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer. The multifunctional fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the multifunctional fiber prepared in Example 2, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the multifunctional fabric layer. Specifically, the outer layer of this fabric is a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer, and the inner layer is a multifunctional fabric layer (specifically an antibacterial fabric layer). The warp density of both sides of this fabric is 570 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 243 yarns / 10cm, that is, the warp density of both the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer and the multifunctional fabric layer is 570 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 243 yarns / 10cm.

[0136] Testing revealed that the fabric in Example 2 exhibits high reflectivity in the solar radiation band (0.3-2.5μm) and high emissivity in the mid-infrared band (8-13μm), while simultaneously possessing high absorption in the solar radiation band (0.3-2.5μm) and antibacterial properties. After 50 washes, the final double-sided fabric obtained by this invention showed an inhibition rate of 92.1% against Staphylococcus aureus, 90.0% against Escherichia coli, and 88.7% against Candida albicans (reference standard: FZ / T 73023-2006 "Antibacterial Knitted Fabrics").

[0137] Example 3

[0138] This application provides a method for preparing a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range, comprising the following steps:

[0139] S1. Weigh 20g of 4'-bis(2-sulfonylstyryl)-1,1'-biphenyl and 100g of titanium dioxide (particle size 0.4μm, refractive index 2.6), and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0140] S2. The dried 1,4-bis(2-cyanostyl)benzene, titanium dioxide, and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary composite material masterbatch. The preliminary composite material masterbatch was placed in a ventilated environment at room temperature for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary composite material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain composite multi-material masterbatch. The mass fraction of 1,4-bis(2-cyanostyl)benzene was 1.16%, and the mass fraction of titanium dioxide was 5.81%.

[0141] S3. After placing the composite multi-material masterbatch in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0142] The dried composite multi-material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. The initial filament is obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0143] S4. The initial filament is heated and stretched along the filament direction. The temperatures of the two heating rollers are set to 90℃ and 130℃, and the feeding and winding speeds are set to 150m / min and 710m / min, respectively (specifically, the initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min). The initial filament is heated and stretched 4.7 times, and the filament diameter is 20μm, thus obtaining a fiber with a full solar spectrum that can be adjusted.

[0144] This embodiment also provides a graded structure fabric with adjustable full solar spectrum, including a high reflectance and high emission fabric layer; wherein, the high reflectance and high emission fabric layer is spun from the full solar spectrum adjustable fiber prepared in Example 3 to obtain yarn, and then the yarn is woven into warp and weft to obtain the high reflectance and high emission fabric layer; wherein, the warp density is 510 yarns / 10cm and the weft density is 203 yarns / 10cm.

[0145] Figure 3 The images show the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the fluorescent material 4'-bis(2-sulfonylstyryl)-1,1'-biphenyl in Example 3. Figure 3 The results show that the fluorescent material has the highest absorption peak at 356 nm and the highest emission peak at 457 nm, proving that it can effectively convert ultraviolet light into visible light and emit it, thus reducing ultraviolet absorption on the fabric surface.

[0146] The performance results of the fabrics in Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1 below.

[0147] Table 1 - Properties of fabrics in Examples 1-3

[0148]

[0149] In Table 1, UPF stands for Ultraviolet Protection Factor, which specifically refers to "the ratio of the average effect of ultraviolet radiation calculated when the skin is unprotected to the average effect of ultraviolet radiation calculated when the skin is protected by fabric" (test equipment: spectrophotometer; standard: AATCC TM 183 Fabric Ultraviolet Protection Factor UPF Test Standard).

[0150] Example 4

[0151] This application provides a method for preparing a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range, comprising the following steps:

[0152] S1. Weigh 20g of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole-2-)thiophene and 200g of barium sulfate (particle size 0.6μm, refractive index 2.7), and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polylactic acid and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0153] S2. The dried 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene, barium sulfate, and polylactic acid are fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets are then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary composite material masterbatch. The preliminary composite material masterbatch is placed in a ventilated environment at room temperature for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary composite material masterbatch is fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain composite multi-material masterbatch. The mass fraction of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene is 1.099%, and the mass fraction of barium sulfate is 10.99%.

[0154] S3. After placing the composite multi-material masterbatch in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0155] The dried composite multi-material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. The initial filament is obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0156] S4. The initial filament is heated and stretched along the filament direction. The temperatures of the two heating rollers are set to 90℃ and 130℃, and the feeding and winding speeds are set to 150m / min and 710m / min, respectively (specifically, the initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min). The initial filament is heated and stretched 4.7 times, and the filament diameter is 20μm, thus obtaining a fiber with a full solar spectrum that can be adjusted.

[0157] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing multifunctional fibers, including the following steps:

[0158] S1. Weigh 40g of carbon nanotube material (diameter 800nm) and dry it at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0159] S2. The dried carbon nanotube material and polyethylene terephthalate are fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets are then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch. The preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch is placed in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch is fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain multifunctional material masterbatch. The mass fraction of carbon nanotube material is 2.44%.

[0160] S3. After placing the multifunctional material masterbatch in a room temperature and ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0161] The dried multifunctional material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. Multifunctional material filaments are obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0162] S4. Heat and stretch the multifunctional material filament along the filament direction. Set the temperatures of the two heating rollers to 90℃ and 130℃ respectively, and set the feeding and take-up speeds to 150m / min and 710m / min respectively (specifically, the multifunctional material filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min), so that the multifunctional material filament is heated and stretched by 4.7 times.

[0163] S5. Then, place the stretched multifunctional material filament in black disperse dye, add water at the same time, dye, dry (dry at 100℃ for 4 hours), wash with water, and dry to obtain multifunctional fiber; wherein, the mass of black disperse dye is 1% of the mass of multifunctional material filament, the dyeing temperature is 115℃, the dyeing time is 40 minutes, and the liquor ratio is 1:50.

[0164] This embodiment also provides a graded structure fabric with adjustable full solar spectrum. The fabric has a double-sided structure, including a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer and a multifunctional fabric layer. The high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer is in contact with sunlight, and the multifunctional fabric layer is in contact with human skin.

[0165] The high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the full-solar-band spectral tunable fiber prepared in Example 4, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer. The multifunctional fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the multifunctional fiber prepared in Example 4, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the multifunctional fabric layer. Specifically, the outer layer of the fabric is a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer, and the inner layer is a multifunctional fabric layer (specifically, a high-thermal-conductivity, high-absorption fabric layer). The warp density of both sides of the fabric is 580 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 253 yarns / 10cm, that is, the warp density of both the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer and the multifunctional fabric layer is 580 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 253 yarns / 10cm.

[0166] After testing, the fabric in Example 4 has high reflectivity in the solar light band (0.3-2.5μm) and high emissivity in the mid-infrared band (8-13μm), and also has high absorption in the solar light band (0.3-2.5μm) and high thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity of 0.221W / (m·K)).

[0167] Example 5

[0168] This application provides a method for preparing a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range, comprising the following steps:

[0169] S1. Weigh 10g of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole-2-)thiophene and 200g of barium sulfate (particle size 0.6μm, refractive index 2.7), and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polylactic acid and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0170] S2. The dried 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene, barium sulfate, and polylactic acid are fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets are then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary composite material masterbatch. The preliminary composite material masterbatch is placed in a ventilated environment at room temperature for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary composite material masterbatch is fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain composite multi-material masterbatch. The mass fraction of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene is 0.552%, and the mass fraction of barium sulfate is 11.05%.

[0171] S3. After placing the composite multi-material masterbatch in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0172] The dried composite multi-material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. The initial filament is obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0173] S4. The initial filament is heated and stretched along the filament direction. The temperatures of the two heating rollers are set to 90℃ and 130℃, and the feeding and winding speeds are set to 150m / min and 710m / min, respectively (specifically, the initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min). The initial filament is heated and stretched 4.7 times, and the filament diameter is 20μm, thus obtaining a fiber with a full solar spectrum that can be adjusted.

[0174] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing multifunctional fibers, including the following steps:

[0175] S1. Weigh 40g of silver nanoparticles (particle size 500nm) and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0176] S2. The dried silver nanoparticles and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain a preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch. The preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was placed in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain the multifunctional material masterbatch. The mass fraction of silver nanoparticles was 2.44%.

[0177] S3. After placing the multifunctional material masterbatch in a room temperature and ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0178] The dried multifunctional material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. Multifunctional material filaments are obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0179] S4. Heat and stretch the multifunctional material filament along the filament direction. Set the temperatures of the two heating rollers to 90℃ and 130℃ respectively, and set the feeding and take-up speeds to 150m / min and 710m / min respectively (specifically, the multifunctional material filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min), so that the multifunctional material filament is heated and stretched by 4.7 times.

[0180] S5. Then, place the stretched multifunctional material filament in black disperse dye, add water at the same time, dye, dry (dry at 100℃ for 4 hours), wash with water, and dry to obtain multifunctional fiber; wherein, the mass of black disperse dye is 1% of the mass of multifunctional material filament, the dyeing temperature is 115℃, the dyeing time is 40 minutes, and the liquor ratio is 1:50.

[0181] This embodiment also provides a graded structure fabric with adjustable full solar spectrum. The fabric has a double-sided structure, including a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer and a multifunctional fabric layer. The high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer is in contact with sunlight, and the multifunctional fabric layer is in contact with human skin.

[0182] The high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the full-solar-band spectral tunable fiber prepared in Example 5, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer. The multifunctional fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the multifunctional fiber prepared in Example 5, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the multifunctional fabric layer. Specifically, the outer layer of this fabric is a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer, and the inner layer is a multifunctional fabric layer (specifically an antibacterial fabric layer). The warp density of both sides of this fabric is 570 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 211 yarns / 10cm, that is, the warp density of both the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer and the multifunctional fabric layer is 570 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 211 yarns / 10cm.

[0183] After testing, the fabric in Example 5 showed high reflectivity in the solar light band (0.3-2.5μm) and high emissivity in the mid-infrared band (8-13μm), and also had good antibacterial properties, reaching AAA grade. After 50 washes, the antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus was 92.4%, against Escherichia coli was 90.3%, and against Candida albicans was 90.7% (reference standard: FZ / T73023-2006 "Antibacterial Knitted Fabrics").

[0184] Example 6

[0185] This application provides a method for preparing a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range, comprising the following steps:

[0186] S1. Weigh 20g of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole-2-)thiophene and 110g of barium sulfate (particle size 0.6μm, refractive index 2.7), and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polylactic acid and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0187] S2. The dried 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene, barium sulfate, and polylactic acid are fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets are then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary composite material masterbatch. The preliminary composite material masterbatch is placed in a ventilated environment at room temperature for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary composite material masterbatch is fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain composite multi-material masterbatch. The mass fraction of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene is 1.156%, and the mass fraction of barium sulfate is 6.358%.

[0188] S3. After placing the composite multi-material masterbatch in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0189] The dried composite multi-material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. The initial filament is obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0190] S4. The initial filament is heated and stretched along the filament direction. The temperatures of the two heating rollers are set to 90℃ and 130℃, and the feeding and winding speeds are set to 150m / min and 710m / min, respectively (specifically, the initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min). The initial filament is heated and stretched 4.7 times, and the filament diameter is 20μm, thus obtaining a fiber with a full solar spectrum that can be adjusted.

[0191] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing multifunctional fibers, including the following steps:

[0192] S1. Weigh 40g of silver nanoparticle material (particle size 500nm) and dry it at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0193] S2. The dried silver nanoparticles and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain a preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch. The preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was placed in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain the multifunctional material masterbatch. The mass fraction of silver nanoparticles was 2.44%.

[0194] S3. After placing the multifunctional material masterbatch in a room temperature and ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0195] The dried multifunctional material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. Multifunctional material filaments are obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0196] S4. Heat and stretch the multifunctional material filament along the filament direction. Set the temperatures of the two heating rollers to 90℃ and 130℃ respectively, and set the feeding and take-up speeds to 150m / min and 710m / min respectively (specifically, the multifunctional material filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min), so that the multifunctional material filament is heated and stretched by 4.7 times.

[0197] S5. Then, place the stretched multifunctional material filament in black disperse dye, add water at the same time, dye, dry (dry at 100℃ for 4 hours), wash with water, and dry to obtain multifunctional fiber; wherein, the mass of black disperse dye is 1% of the mass of multifunctional material filament, the dyeing temperature is 115℃, the dyeing time is 40 minutes, and the liquor ratio is 1:50.

[0198] This embodiment also provides a graded structure fabric with adjustable full solar spectrum. The fabric has a double-sided structure, including a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer and a multifunctional fabric layer. The high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer is in contact with sunlight, and the multifunctional fabric layer is in contact with human skin.

[0199] The high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the full-solar-band spectral tunable fiber prepared in Example 6, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer. The multifunctional fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the multifunctional fiber prepared in Example 6, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the multifunctional fabric layer. Specifically, the outer layer of this fabric is a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer, and the inner layer is a multifunctional fabric layer (specifically an antibacterial fabric layer). The warp density of both sides of this fabric is 380 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 203 yarns / 10cm, that is, the warp density of both the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer and the multifunctional fabric layer is 380 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 203 yarns / 10cm.

[0200] After testing, the fabric in Example 6 showed high reflectivity in the solar light band (0.3-2.5μm) and high emissivity in the mid-infrared band (8-13μm), and also had good antibacterial properties, reaching AAA grade. After 50 washes, the antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus was 92.8%, against Escherichia coli was 89.7%, and against Candida albicans was 80.7% (reference standard: FZ / T73023-2006 "Antibacterial Knitted Fabrics").

[0201] Example 7

[0202] This application provides a method for preparing a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range, comprising the following steps:

[0203] S1. Weigh 20g of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole-2-)thiophene and 110g of barium sulfate (particle size 0.6μm, refractive index 2.7), and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0204] S2. The dried 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene, barium sulfate, and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary composite material masterbatch. The preliminary composite material masterbatch was placed in a ventilated environment at room temperature for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary composite material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain composite multi-material masterbatch. The mass fraction of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene was 1.156%, and the mass fraction of barium sulfate was 6.358%.

[0205] S3. After placing the composite multi-material masterbatch in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0206] The dried composite multi-material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. The initial filament is obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0207] S4. The initial filament is heated and stretched along the filament direction. The temperatures of the two heating rollers are set to 90℃ and 130℃, and the feeding and winding speeds are set to 150m / min and 710m / min, respectively (specifically, the initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min). The initial filament is heated and stretched 4.7 times, and the filament diameter is 20μm, thus obtaining a fiber with a full solar spectrum that can be adjusted.

[0208] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing multifunctional fibers, including the following steps:

[0209] S1. Weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24h;

[0210] S2. The dried polyethylene terephthalate is fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets are then cooled with water and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch. The preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch is placed in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch is fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, cooled with water, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain multifunctional material masterbatch.

[0211] S3. After placing the multifunctional material masterbatch in a room temperature and ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0212] The dried multifunctional material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. Multifunctional material filaments are obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0213] S4. Heat and stretch the multifunctional material filament along the filament direction. Set the temperatures of the two heating rollers to 90℃ and 130℃ respectively, and set the feeding and take-up speeds to 150m / min and 710m / min respectively (specifically, the multifunctional material filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min), so that the multifunctional material filament is heated and stretched by 4.7 times.

[0214] S5. Then, place the stretched multifunctional material filament in black disperse dye, add water at the same time, dye, dry (dry at 100℃ for 4 hours), wash with water, and dry to obtain multifunctional fiber; wherein, the mass of black disperse dye is 1% of the mass of multifunctional material filament, the dyeing temperature is 115℃, the dyeing time is 40 minutes, and the liquor ratio is 1:50.

[0215] This embodiment also provides a graded structure fabric with adjustable full solar spectrum. The fabric has a double-sided structure, including a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer and a multifunctional fabric layer. The high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer is in contact with sunlight, and the multifunctional fabric layer is in contact with human skin.

[0216] The high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the full-solar-band spectral tunable fiber prepared in Example 7, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer. The multifunctional fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the multifunctional fiber prepared in Example 7, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the multifunctional fabric layer. Specifically, the outer layer of the fabric is a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer, and the inner layer is a multifunctional fabric layer (specifically, an optically high-absorption fabric layer). The warp density on both sides of the fabric is 580 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 253 yarns / 10cm, that is, the warp density of both the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer and the multifunctional fabric layer is 580 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 253 yarns / 10cm.

[0217] After testing, the fabric in Example 7 was found to have high reflectivity in the solar light band (0.3-2.5μm) and high emissivity in the mid-infrared band (8-13μm).

[0218] Example 8

[0219] This application provides a method for preparing a fiber with tunable spectrum across the entire solar wavelength range, comprising the following steps:

[0220] S1. Weigh 20g of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole-2-)thiophene and 200g of silica (particle size 0.6μm, refractive index 2.7), and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0221] S2. The dried 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene, silica, and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary composite material masterbatch. The preliminary composite material masterbatch was placed in a ventilated environment at room temperature for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary composite material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain composite multi-material masterbatch. The mass fraction of 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene was 1.099%, and the mass fraction of silica was 10.99%.

[0222] S3. After placing the composite multi-material masterbatch in a room temperature ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0223] The dried composite multi-material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. The initial filament is obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0224] S4. The initial filament is heated and stretched along the filament direction. The temperatures of the two heating rollers are set to 90℃ and 130℃, and the feeding and winding speeds are set to 150m / min and 710m / min, respectively (specifically, the initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min). The initial filament is heated and stretched 4.7 times, and the filament diameter is 20μm, thus obtaining a fiber with a full solar spectrum that can be adjusted.

[0225] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing multifunctional fibers, including the following steps:

[0226] S1. Weigh 40g of mica nanoparticles (particle size 400nm) and dry them at 80℃ for 48 hours to remove moisture; weigh 1600g of polyethylene terephthalate and vacuum dry it at 130℃ for 24 hours.

[0227] S2. The dried mica nanoparticles and polyethylene terephthalate were fed into a twin-screw extruder and melt-extruded at 285°C. The melted pellets were then water-cooled and fed into a cutting machine for pelletizing to obtain preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch. The preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was placed in a ventilated environment at room temperature for 5 hours, and then vacuum-dried at 130°C for 24 hours. After drying, the preliminary multifunctional material masterbatch was fed into the twin-screw extruder again and melt-extruded, water-cooled, and pelletized at 260°C to finally obtain multifunctional material masterbatch. The mass fraction of mica nanoparticles was 2.44%.

[0228] S3. After placing the multifunctional material masterbatch in a room temperature and ventilated environment for 5 hours, vacuum dry it at 130℃ for more than 24 hours.

[0229] The dried multifunctional material masterbatch is fed into the feed inlet of a melt spinning machine, heated and melted at 285°C, and then ejected through the spinneret to form a fine stream of melt. Multifunctional material filaments are obtained at a winding speed of 900 m / min.

[0230] S4. Heat and stretch the multifunctional material filament along the filament direction. Set the temperatures of the two heating rollers to 90℃ and 130℃ respectively, and set the feeding and take-up speeds to 150m / min and 710m / min respectively (specifically, the multifunctional material filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence. The temperature of the first heating roller is 90℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 130℃, the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the first heating roller is 150m / min, and the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the second heating roller is 710m / min), so that the multifunctional material filament is heated and stretched by 4.7 times.

[0231] S5. Then place the stretched multifunctional material filament in black disperse dye and add water for dyeing; wherein the mass of black disperse dye is 1% of the mass of multifunctional material filament, the dyeing temperature is 115℃, the dyeing time is 40min, and the liquor ratio is 1:50.

[0232] This embodiment also provides a graded structure fabric with adjustable full solar spectrum. The fabric has a double-sided structure, including a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer and a multifunctional fabric layer. The high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer is in contact with sunlight, and the multifunctional fabric layer is in contact with human skin.

[0233] The high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the full-solar-band spectrum-tunable fiber prepared in Example 8, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer. The multifunctional fabric layer is made from yarn woven from the multifunctional fiber prepared in Example 8, and then the yarn is woven through warp and weft to obtain the multifunctional fabric layer. Specifically, the outer layer of this fabric is a high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer, and the inner layer is a multifunctional fabric layer (specifically, a cooling fabric layer). The warp density of both sides of this fabric is 580 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 253 yarns / 10cm, that is, the warp density of both the high-reflectivity, high-emissivity fabric layer and the multifunctional fabric layer is 580 yarns / 10cm, and the weft density is 253 yarns / 10cm.

[0234] After testing, the fabric in Example 6 has high reflectivity in the solar radiation band (0.3-2.5μm) and high emissivity in the mid-infrared band (8-13μm), and also has good cooling properties with a cooling coefficient of 0.31, reaching the superior grade standard (reference standard: GB / T 35263-2017 "Test and evaluation of cooling properties of textiles upon contact").

[0235] The performance results of the fabrics in Examples 4 to 8 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0236] Table 2 - Properties of fabrics in Examples 4-8

[0237]

[0238] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fabric, characterized in that, It includes a high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer, which is obtained by weaving together warp and weft fibers with tunable full solar spectrum; It also includes a multifunctional fabric layer, which is bonded to the high-reflectivity and high-emissivity fabric layer. The multifunctional fabric layer is made of multifunctional fibers woven together through warp and weft. The method for preparing the full solar spectrum tunable fiber includes the following steps: Fluorescent materials, high-refractive-index nanoparticles, and polymer substrate materials are melt-extruded to obtain composite multi-material masterbatch; The composite multi-material masterbatch is heated and melted, and then sprayed out through a spinneret to form a fine stream of melt, which is then wound to obtain a primary filament. The nascent filaments are heated and stretched to obtain fibers with tunable spectra across the entire solar spectrum. The fluorescent material is 2,5-bis(5-tert-butylbenzoxazole-2-)thiophene; The high-refractive-index nanoparticles are barium sulfate; The polymer substrate material is polylactic acid; The composite multi-material masterbatch contains 1.099~1.156% fluorescent material and 6.358~10.99% high-refractive-index nanoparticles by mass. The heating and stretching of nascent filaments specifically includes: The initial filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence along the filament direction and is stretched. The temperature of the first heating roller is 80~110℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 120~140℃, the speed of the initial filament passing through the first heating roller is 140~160m / min, and the speed of the initial filament passing through the second heating roller is 690~730m / min. The draw ratio is 1 to 10 times; The method for preparing the multifunctional fiber includes the following steps: Functional micro / nano particles and polymer substrates are melt-extruded to obtain multifunctional material masterbatch; The multifunctional material masterbatch is heated and melted, and then sprayed out through a spinneret to form a fine stream of melt, which is then wound to obtain a multifunctional material filament. Multifunctional material filaments are heated and stretched, then dyed in black disperse dye, washed, and dried to produce multifunctional fibers. The functional micro / nano particles are carbon nanotubes; The polymer substrate is polyethylene terephthalate; The mass fraction of functional micro / nano particles in the multifunctional material masterbatch is 2.44-5%; The heating and drawing of multifunctional material filaments specifically includes: The multifunctional material filament passes through the first heating roller and the second heating roller in sequence along the filament direction and is stretched. The temperature of the first heating roller is 80~110℃, the temperature of the second heating roller is 120~140℃, the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the first heating roller is 140~160m / min, and the speed of the multifunctional material filament passing through the second heating roller is 690~730m / min. The draw ratio is 1 to 10 times; The multifunctional material filaments are heated and stretched, and then dyed in black disperse dye. Specifically, the multifunctional material filaments are heated and stretched, then placed in black disperse dye, and water is added at the same time for dyeing. The mass of black disperse dye is 0.5~5% of the mass of multifunctional material filaments, the dyeing temperature is 100~135℃, the dyeing time is 20~80min, and the liquor ratio is 1:(20~50).

2. The fabric as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high refractive index nanoparticles have a particle size of 0.5~1.0 μm.

3. The fabric as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The winding speed is 100 m / min to 1200 m / min.

4. The fabric as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the functional micro / nano particles is 0.1~1μm.

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