Shield type rodless drilling device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of shield type rodless drilling devices, and particularly relates to a shield type rodless drilling device which comprises a reverse circulation cavity, a lifting steel wire rope is arranged at the upper end of the reverse circulation cavity, the upper end of the reverse circulation cavity is connected with a fixed slag discharging pipe in a sleeved mode, and one side of the upper end of the reverse circulation cavity is connected with a hydraulic pipe in a sleeved mode. The other side of the upper end of the reverse circulation cavity is sleeved with a medium conveying pipe, a reverse circulation cover is arranged on the outer side wall of the reverse circulation cavity, a supporting body is arranged at the lower end of the reverse circulation cavity, a reverse drill body is arranged on the lower portion of the supporting body, a rotating device is arranged on the lower portion of the reverse drill body, and a drill bit is arranged at the bottom of the rotating device. A rotating joint is arranged at the upper part of the rotating device. Drilling without a drill rod is achieved, heavy labor such as transportation, disassembly and assembly of the drill rod and lifting and descending of the drill are omitted, the construction cost is greatly saved, the construction efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of shield - type rodless drilling devices, and specifically refers to a shield - type rodless drilling device. Background Art

[0002] Existing various drilling rigs engaged in drilling construction basically adopt rod - type drilling, that is, the drilling rig provides the rotary torque and the force for up - and - down movement to the drill pipe, and then drives the drill bit installed at the bottom of the drill pipe to rotate and move up and down to achieve the cutting of rock formations. In addition, the drill pipe is generally processed with a central hole as the channel for the downward flow of drilling medium or the upward flow of rock cuttings.

[0003] The disadvantages of rod - type drilling are that during the drilling process, as the drilling depth increases, drill pipes need to be added, and when pulling out the drill or dealing with accidents in the hole, drill pipes need to be disassembled. This process of assembling and disassembling drill pipes has become a heavy and essential step in drilling construction, thus greatly reducing the construction efficiency, increasing the construction cost and the labor intensity of workers. In addition, the frequent assembling and disassembling of drill pipes also makes the drilling process discontinuous, the construction period too long, and prone to accidents such as borehole bending and collapse. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a shield - type rodless drilling device.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a shield - type rodless drilling device, including a reverse - circulation cavity. A hoisting wire rope is provided at the upper end of the reverse - circulation cavity. A fixed slag - discharging pipe is sleeved at the upper end of the reverse - circulation cavity. A hydraulic pipe is sleeved on one side of the upper end of the reverse - circulation cavity. A medium - conveying pipe is sleeved on the other side of the upper end of the reverse - circulation cavity. A reverse - circulation cover is provided on the outer side wall of the reverse - circulation cavity. A support body is provided at the lower end of the reverse - circulation cavity. A reverse - drilling body is provided below the support body. A rotary device is provided below the reverse - drilling body. A drill bit is provided below the rotary device. A rotary joint is provided above the rotary device.

[0006] Further, a wedge block one is slidably provided on the side wall of the support body. One end of the wedge block one is provided with a support palm. A support hydraulic cylinder is provided at the bottom of the support body. The output end of the support hydraulic cylinder is provided with a wedge block two. The wedge block one and the wedge block two are connected by a bevel engagement. A sealing sleeve one is provided inside the support body.

[0007] Further, the reverse - drilling body includes a fixed sleeve, a movable sleeve, a reverse - drilling hydraulic cylinder, a sealing sleeve two and a centralizer. The fixed sleeve is installed at the lower part of the support body. The movable sleeve is sleeved outside the fixed sleeve. One end of the reverse - drilling hydraulic cylinder is installed at the top end inside the fixed sleeve, and the other end is connected to the bottom end inside the movable sleeve. When the fixed sleeve and the movable sleeve slide relative to each other, they are sealed by the sealing sleeve two. The centralizer is installed outside the movable sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, the slewing device includes a hydraulic motor which is arranged at the inner bottom end of the movable sleeve. A pinion is provided at the output end of the hydraulic motor. The bottom of the movable sleeve is rotatably sleeved with an external gear ring. The external gear ring and the pinion are meshed and rotationally connected. A medium delivery channel and a slag discharge channel are arranged in the middle of the slewing device.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotary joint is installed at the center of the inner bottom end of the movable sleeve of the reverse drilling body. A medium delivery channel and a slag discharge channel with rotary seals are arranged inside the rotary joint. The upper end of the medium delivery channel of the rotary joint is connected to the medium delivery pipe in a through manner, and the lower end is connected to the medium delivery channel of the slewing device in a through manner. The upper end of the slag discharge channel of the rotary joint is connected to the movable slag discharge pipe in a through manner, and the lower end is connected to the slag discharge channel of the slewing device in a through manner.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper end of the movable slag discharge pipe is sleeved with a seal sleeve I, and the upper end of the movable slag discharge pipe is connected to the reverse circulation chamber in a through manner.

[0011] Furthermore, the drill bit is connected to the external gear ring of the slewing device. A medium delivery channel and a slag discharge channel are arranged inside the drill bit. The medium delivery channel of the drill bit is connected to the medium delivery channel of the slewing device in a through manner, and the slag discharge channel of the drill bit is connected to the slag discharge channel of the slewing device in a through manner.

[0012] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention with the above structure are as follows:

[0013] (1) Drilling without drill pipes is realized, saving the heavy labor of transporting, disassembling and assembling drill pipes, and lifting and lowering the drill, etc., greatly saving the construction cost and reducing the labor intensity of workers.

[0014] (2) The drilling process can be continuous without interruption and drill to the bottom in one go, improving the construction efficiency.

[0015] (3) The actions such as slewing, reverse drilling, and supporting of the drilling device are interlocked, and the drilling process is fully automatic, enabling unmanned and intelligent operation.

[0016] (4) The energy output by the drill rig is mainly used for cutting rock and soil and discharging slag, with high energy utilization rate.

[0017] (5) Multiple drilling processes such as positive mud circulation, reverse mud circulation, and air-lift reverse circulation can be used for construction.

[0018] (6) Almost no auxiliary tools are required for drilling except the main machine and drilling fluid treatment equipment, so the floor area is very small and it is also very convenient to move the site. Description of the Drawings

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the attached drawings required in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the attached drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other attached drawings can be obtained based on these attached drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of a shield - type rodless drilling device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the positive mud circulation drilling of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the positive mud circulation drilling of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the positive mud circulation drilling of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the positive mud circulation drilling of the present invention Figure 4 ;

[0025] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the reverse circulation drilling of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the air - lift reverse circulation drilling of the present invention.

[0027] Among them, 1. Hoisting wire rope, 2. Medium delivery pipe, 3. Reverse circulation cavity, 4. Reverse circulation cover, 5. Support body, 6. Sealing sleeve one, 7. Reverse drilling body, 8. Movable slag discharge pipe, 9. Rotary joint, 10. Reverse drilling hydraulic cylinder, 11. Rotary joint slag discharge channel, 12. Rotary joint medium delivery channel, 13. Rotary device, 14. Rotary device slag discharge channel, 15. Rotary device medium delivery channel, 16. Bit medium delivery channel, 17. Bit slag discharge channel, 18. Bit, 19. External gear ring, 20. Pinion, 21. Centralizer, 22. Hydraulic motor, 23. Fixed sleeve, 24. Movable sleeve, 25. Sealing sleeve two, 26. Support hydraulic cylinder, 27. Support palm, 28. Wedge block one, 29. Wedge block two, 30. Hydraulic pipe, 31. Fixed slag discharge pipe. Specific embodiments

[0028] In order to make the objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only partial embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this patent, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0029] As Figures 1 to 7As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a shield - type rodless drilling device, which includes a reverse - circulation chamber 3. At the upper end of the reverse - circulation chamber 3, there is a lifting wire rope 1. The upper end of the reverse - circulation chamber 3 is sleeved and fixed with a slag - discharging pipe 31. On one side of the upper end of the reverse - circulation chamber 3, a hydraulic pipe 30 is sleeved, and on the other side of the upper end of the reverse - circulation chamber 3, a medium - conveying pipe 2 is sleeved. An anti - circulation cover 4 is arranged on the outer side wall of the reverse - circulation chamber 3. At the lower end of the reverse - circulation chamber 3, there is a support body 5. A first wedge block 28 is slidably arranged on the side wall of the support body 5. One end of the first wedge block 28 is provided with a support palm 27. At the lower end of the support body 5, there is a support hydraulic cylinder 26. The output end of the support hydraulic cylinder 26 is provided with a second wedge block 29. The first wedge block 28 and the second wedge block 29 are connected by engaging with each other through inclined surfaces. A first sealing sleeve 6 is arranged inside the support body 5. A reverse - drilling body 7 is installed at the lower part of the support body 5. The reverse - drilling body includes a fixed sleeve 23, a movable sleeve 24, a reverse - drilling hydraulic cylinder 10, a second sealing sleeve 25 and a centering block 21. The fixed sleeve 23 is installed at the lower part of the support body 5. The movable sleeve 24 is sleeved outside the fixed sleeve 23. One end of the reverse - drilling hydraulic cylinder 10 is installed at the top end inside the fixed sleeve, and the other end is connected to the bottom end inside the movable sleeve 24. When the fixed sleeve 24 and the movable sleeve 23 slide relative to each other, they are sealed by the second sealing sleeve 25. The centering block 21 is installed outside the movable sleeve. The slewing device 13 includes a hydraulic motor 22. The hydraulic motor 22 is arranged at the bottom end inside the movable sleeve 24. The output end of the hydraulic motor 22 is provided with a small gear 20. The bottom of the movable sleeve 24 is rotatably sleeved with an external gear ring 19. The external gear ring 19 and the small gear 20 are meshed and rotationally connected. A medium - conveying channel 15 and a slag - discharging channel 14 are arranged in the middle of the slewing device 13. A rotary joint 9 is installed at the center of the bottom end inside the movable sleeve 24. Inside the rotary joint 9, there are a medium - conveying channel 12 with a rotary seal and a slag - discharging channel 11. The upper end of the medium - conveying channel 12 of the rotary joint 9 is connected to the medium - conveying pipe 2 in a through - connection manner, and the lower end is connected to the medium - conveying channel 15 of the slewing device 13 in a through - connection manner. The upper end of the slag - discharging channel 11 of the rotary joint 9 is connected to the movable slag - discharging pipe 8 in a through - connection manner, and the lower end is connected to the slag - discharging channel 14 of the slewing device 13 in a through - connection manner. The upper end of the movable slag - discharging pipe 8 is sleeved with the first sealing sleeve 6. The upper end of the movable slag - discharging pipe 8 is connected to the reverse - circulation chamber 3 in a through - connection manner. The drill bit 18 is connected to the external gear ring 19 of the slewing device 13. Inside the drill bit 18, there are a medium - conveying channel 16 and a slag - discharging channel 17. The medium - conveying channel 16 of the drill bit 18 is connected to the medium - conveying channel 15 of the slewing device 13 in a through - connection manner, and the slag - discharging channel 17 of the drill bit 18 is connected to the slag - discharging channel 14 of the slewing device 13 in a through - connection manner.

[0030] During specific use, the construction process of the positive - circulation drilling with mud in this application is as Figures 2 to 5 shown. The specific working process is as follows:

[0031] ① Remove the reverse circulation cover 4 and plug the interface of the medium delivery pipe 2. Operate to extend the piston rod of the support hydraulic cylinder 26. The piston rod pushes the second wedge block 29 and the first wedge block 28 to slide, and then pushes the support palm 27 to slide outwards until it tightens against the borehole wall. Then operate the hydraulic motor 22 to rotate. The speed and torque of the hydraulic motor 22 are transmitted to the drill bit 18 through the pinion 20 and the external gear ring 19, driving the drill bit 18 to rotate and cut the rock formation. At the same time, the drilling medium enters from the upper part of the medium delivery pipe 2, passes through the medium delivery channel 12 of the rotary joint 9, the medium delivery channel 15 of the slewing device 13 and the medium delivery channel 16 of the drill bit 18 and enters the bottom of the hole, assisting the drill bit 18 to cut the rock and soil and lubricate and cool it. The rock cuttings generated by the cutting of the drill bit 18 are mixed with the drilling medium under the agitation of the drill bit 18 to form a rock slag mixture. The rock slag mixture rises along the annular space between the drilling device and the borehole wall under the action of the remaining pressure of the drilling medium until it is discharged out of the hole, as Figure 2 shown.

[0032] ② As the rock and soil near the drill bit 18 are cut and discharged out of the hole, the rotary resistance of the drill bit 18 decreases. At this time, operate the reverse drilling hydraulic cylinder 10 to push the movable sleeve 24 downward, and then push the drill bit 18 downward to continue cutting the rock and soil below the drill bit 18, as Figure 3 shown.

[0033] ③ As the drilling continues, when the reverse drilling hydraulic cylinder 10 reaches the end of its stroke, the drill bit 18 stops rotating. Operate to retract the piston rod of the support hydraulic cylinder 26. The piston rod pulls the first wedge block 29 and the second wedge block 28 to slide, and then pulls the support palm 27 to slide inwards until it completely disengages from the borehole wall. Then operate the reverse drilling hydraulic cylinder 10 to retract, and then pull the support body 5, the reverse circulation chamber 3, the hydraulic pipe 30, the medium delivery pipe 2, the fixed slag discharge pipe 31, etc. to move downward together, as Figure 4 shown.

[0034] ④ After the reverse drilling hydraulic cylinder 10 is completely retracted, operate again to make the support palm 27 press tightly against the borehole wall again, and then make the drill bit 18 rotate again. The drilling medium re-enters the bottom of the hole from the upper part of the medium delivery pipe 2, and the next drilling stroke begins, as Figure 5 shown.

[0035] ⑤ Repeat the above steps until the drill bit 18 reaches the required drilling depth.

[0036] ⑥ During the above drilling process, the centralizer 21 and the support palm 27 together ensure that the entire drilling device does not deviate greatly, thus ensuring that the borehole trajectory is basically straight.

[0037] ⑦ When the drill needs to be lifted after the drilling is completed, operate to retract the support palm 27, and then use the lifting wire rope 1 to lift the device out of the hole as a whole, and the drilling construction is completed.

[0038] The construction process of the present application using reverse circulation drilling is basically the same as that of normal circulation drilling. The differences are as follows: ① It is necessary to install a reverse circulation cover 4 and connect the medium delivery pipe 2; ② The drilling medium (mud, compressed air, foam, etc.) enters through the medium delivery pipe 2, passes through the medium delivery channel 12 of the rotary joint 9, the medium delivery channel 15 of the slewing device 13, and the medium delivery channel 16 of the drill bit 18 and enters the bottom of the hole; ③ The rock slag mixture generated during drilling is divided into two parts under the remaining pressure of the drilling medium. One part ascends along the annular space between the drilling device and the hole wall of the borehole, but stops after being blocked by the reverse circulation cover 4. The other part passes through the slag discharge channel 17 of the drill bit 18, the slag discharge channel 14 of the slewing device 13, the slag discharge channel 11 of the rotary joint 9, the movable slag discharge pipe 8, the first sealing sleeve 6, and enters the reverse circulation chamber 3 through the reverse circulation chamber 3, and is discharged out of the hole through the fixed slag discharge pipe 31. As Figure 6 shown.

[0039] The difference between the air-lift reverse circulation drilling used in the present application and the reverse circulation drilling is as follows: ① It is necessary to remove the reverse circulation cover; ② Two drilling media, namely mud and compressed air, are required; ③ The mud enters the bottom of the hole from the annular space between the drilling device and the borehole and fills the entire hole column; ④ The compressed air enters the reverse circulation chamber 3 from the medium delivery pipe 2; ⑤ The rock slag generated by the cutting of the drill bit 18 ascends after being mixed with the mud at the bottom of the hole, passes through the slag discharge channel 17 of the drill bit 18, the slag discharge channel 14 of the slewing device 13, the slag discharge channel 11 of the rotary joint 9, the movable slag discharge pipe 8, and the first sealing sleeve 6 and then enters the reverse circulation chamber 3, and forms a solid, liquid, and gas three-phase mixture with the compressed air in the reverse circulation chamber 3. The mixture is discharged out of the hole through the slag discharge pipe 31 under the action of the external mud pressure. As Figure 7 shown.

[0040] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] Drilling without drill pipes is realized, saving the heavy labor of transporting, disassembling and assembling drill pipes, and raising and lowering the drill, etc., greatly saving the construction cost and reducing the labor intensity of workers; The drilling process can be continuous without interruption and drill to the bottom in one go, improving the construction efficiency; The actions such as the rotation, reverse drilling, and support of the drilling device are interlocked, and the drilling process is fully automatic, enabling unmanned and intelligent operation; The energy output by the drill rig is mainly used for cutting rock and soil and discharging slag, with high energy utilization rate; Multiple drilling processes such as normal mud circulation, reverse mud circulation, and foam drilling can be used for construction; Almost no auxiliary tools are required except for the main machine and drilling medium treatment equipment during drilling, so the floor area is very small and it is also very convenient to transfer the site.

[0042] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A shield - type rodless drilling device, characterized in that: It includes a reverse circulation chamber (3). A lifting steel wire rope (1) is provided at the upper end of the reverse circulation chamber (3). A fixed slag discharge pipe (31) is sleeved and fixed at the upper end of the reverse circulation chamber (3). A hydraulic pipe (30) is sleeved on one side of the upper end of the reverse circulation chamber (3). A medium delivery pipe (2) is sleeved on the other side of the upper end of the reverse circulation chamber (3). A reverse circulation cover (4) is provided on the outer side wall of the reverse circulation chamber (3). A support body (5) is provided at the lower end of the reverse circulation chamber (3). A reverse drilling body (7) is provided below the support body (5). A rotary device (13) is provided below the reverse drilling body (7). A drill bit (18) is provided at the bottom of the rotary device (13). A rotary joint (9) is provided at the upper part of the rotary device (13).

2. The shield-type rodless drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wedge block one (28) is slidably provided on the side wall of the support body (5). A support palm (27) is provided at one end of the wedge block one (28). A support hydraulic cylinder (26) is provided at the bottom of the support body (5). A wedge block two (29) is provided at the output end of the support hydraulic cylinder (26). The wedge block one (28) and the wedge block two (29) are connected by clamping engagement through an inclined surface. A sealing sleeve one (6) is provided inside the support body (5).

3. The shield-type rodless drilling device according to claim 1, wherein: The reverse drilling body includes a fixed sleeve (23), a movable sleeve (24), a reverse drilling hydraulic cylinder (10), a sealing sleeve two (25), and a centralizing block (21). The fixed sleeve (23) is installed at the lower part of the support body (5). The movable sleeve (24) is sleeved outside the fixed sleeve (23). One end of the reverse drilling hydraulic cylinder (10) is installed at the inner top end of the fixed sleeve, and the other end is connected to the inner bottom end of the movable sleeve (24). When the fixed sleeve (24) and the movable sleeve (23) slide relative to each other, they are sealed by the sealing sleeve two (25). The centralizing block (21) is installed outside the movable sleeve.

4. A shield - type rodless drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary device (13) includes a hydraulic motor (22). The hydraulic motor (22) is provided at the inner bottom end of the movable sleeve (24). A small gear (20) is provided at the output end of the hydraulic motor (22). The bottom of the movable sleeve (24) is rotatably sleeved with an external gear ring (19). The external gear ring (19) and the small gear (20) are meshed and rotationally connected. A medium delivery channel (15) and a slag discharge channel (14) are provided in the middle of the rotary device (13).

5. A shield - type rodless drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary joint (9) is installed at the center of the inner bottom end of the movable sleeve (24). A medium delivery channel (12) and a slag discharge channel (11) with rotary seals are provided inside the rotary joint (9). The upper end of the medium delivery channel (12) is connected to the medium delivery pipe (2) in a through manner, and the lower end is connected to the medium delivery channel (15) of the rotary device (13) in a through manner. The upper end of the slag discharge channel (11) is connected to the movable slag discharge pipe (8) in a through manner, and the lower end is connected to the slag discharge channel (14) of the rotary device (13) in a through manner.

6. The shield-type rodless drilling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper end of the movable slag discharge pipe (8) is sleeved with a sealing sleeve one (6). The upper end of the movable slag discharge pipe (8) is connected to the reverse circulation chamber (3) in a through manner.

7. The shield-type rodless drilling device according to claim 1, wherein: The drill bit (18) is connected to the external gear ring (19) of the slewing device (13). A medium delivery channel (17) and a slag discharge channel (16) are provided inside the drill bit (18). The medium delivery channel (17) is connected in a through manner to the medium delivery channel (15) of the slewing device (13), and the slag discharge channel (16) is connected in a through manner to the slag discharge channel (14) of the slewing device (13).

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