Shaft sinking machine underground receiving method

Abstract

The application discloses a shaft sinking machine underground receiving method and belongs to the technical field of shaft construction. The method comprises the following steps: S1, excavating a lower tunnel below a pre-construction position; S2, using a directional drill and a reverse shaft drill to excavate a slag chute at the pre-construction position corresponding to the lower tunnel, and reserving rock bodies on the side walls of the slag chute; S3, after the excavation of the slag chute is completed, using a manual drilling and blasting method to excavate a starting shaft, and then using the shaft sinking machine to dig a hole above the starting shaft; S4, during the digging process of the shaft sinking machine, piling up slag at the junction of the slag chute and the lower tunnel; and S5, the shaft sinking machine penetrates to the lower tunnel. By adjusting the shaft sinking machine excavation parameters and piling up slag from the lower tunnel to the slag chute, the smooth penetration of the shaft sinking machine to the lower tunnel is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of vertical shaft boring machine underground receiving method, belong to vertical shaft construction technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the vertical shaft boring machine construction project less in domestic construction, and the underground receiving method of vertical shaft boring machine has no relevant application temporarily.

[0003] And, in the step-changing process of vertical shaft boring machine, since the remaining rock mass often cannot support the entire weight (275t) of vertical shaft boring machine, there is a risk of whole machine falling. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a kind of vertical shaft boring machine underground receiving method, which solves the problem that in the step-changing process of vertical shaft boring machine, since the remaining rock mass often cannot support the entire weight of vertical shaft boring machine, there is a risk of whole machine falling.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is solved by the following technical scheme: a kind of vertical shaft boring machine underground receiving method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, excavate a lower tunnel below the pre-construction position;

[0007] S2, a directional drilling and a reverse drilling are used to excavate a slag chute at the pre-construction position corresponding to the lower tunnel, and the side wall of the slag chute is reserved with rock mass;

[0008] S3, after the slag chute is excavated, a starting well is excavated by artificial drilling and blasting method, and then the vertical shaft boring machine is excavated and expanded hole above the starting well;

[0009] S4, in the process of vertical shaft boring machine excavation, the slag is stacked at the junction of the slag chute and the lower tunnel;

[0010] S5, the vertical shaft boring machine penetrates to the lower tunnel.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, by setting the reserved rock mass and the slag in the slag chute, temporary support and buffer can be provided for the vertical shaft boring machine, the safety transition of the vertical shaft boring machine is guaranteed, and the whole machine falling is avoided.

[0012] The present application is further provided that: in S4, when the vertical shaft boring machine is excavated to 10m remaining from the lower tunnel, the process of vertical shaft boring machine excavation further comprises the following steps:

[0013] S41, the excavation is carried out with 70% of single cycle design stroke as the advancing length;

[0014] S42, after the single-cycle propulsion is completed, the propulsion force is increased to 1.1 times the weight of the whole vertical shaft tunneling machine, and the thrust is kept static for 10 minutes;

[0015] S43, the change of the propulsion cylinder stroke during the static state and the stability of the reserved rock mass at the slag chute are monitored;

[0016] S44, if the propulsion cylinder stroke does not significantly retract, the thrust is stable, and there is no rock mass falling or cracking phenomenon in the slag chute, it is determined that the rock mass is stable;

[0017] S45, cycle operation: after the stability condition of S44 is met, the step changing operation of the vertical shaft tunneling machine is performed, and the next cycle tunneling is repeated from S41 to S44 until the predetermined stop position is reached.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, 10 minutes of monitoring is set to ensure the stability of rock creep, which directly verifies whether the remaining rock mass can support the weight of the equipment, avoids the risk of whole machine falling caused by rock support failure during step changing, and provides decision basis for safe step changing.

[0019] The application further sets that when the vertical shaft tunneling machine tunnels to 10 m away from the lower tunnel, the tunneling parameters are reduced, the propulsion force is controlled to be 50% of the rated propulsion force, and the torque is controlled to be 50% of the rated torque.

[0020] By adopting the above technical scheme, on the one hand, it prevents the equipment from pushing down the thin rock layer due to excessive thrust, and on the other hand, it reduces the thrust, which is equivalent to reducing the pressure of the vertical shaft tunneling machine cutter on the lower rock mass, preventing the tunneling machine from losing stability instantaneously due to sudden suspension below, such as entering the lower tunnel. In addition, optimizing the cutter torque can more finely break the rock mass, especially when passing through the thin rock layer at the top of the lower tunnel, which can reduce the risk of collapse.

[0021] The application further sets that in the first 5 m stage, the slag generated by tunneling is allowed to fill the slag chute, and the slag is not discharged in the lower tunnel;

[0022] In the last 5 m stage or when the vertical shaft tunneling machine cannot normally discharge the slag, the loader and excavator in the lower tunnel are started to work cooperatively, the selective slag discharge is carried out along the center line of the slag chute, and the removed slag is stacked at the side wall position of the lower tunnel, and only the slag discharge channel of the vertical shaft tunneling machine is kept unobstructed.

[0023] By adopting the above technical scheme, the first 5 m slag fills the slag chute to form a buffer layer and laterally constrain the rock mass. The accurate slag discharge along the center line in the last 5 m stage ensures the slag discharge function, and at the same time, the lateral support is actively provided by the slag stacking on both sides, which enhances the stability of the thin rock layer and prevents the rock mass from losing stability due to the emptying of the slag chute.

[0024] The present invention is further configured such that, in S43, the criterion for determining that the stroke of the propulsion cylinder does not change significantly is: within 10 minutes of standing, the stroke retraction of the propulsion cylinder is ≤1mm, and the thrust fluctuation value is ≤5%.

[0025] The invention is further configured such that: excavation operations are strictly limited to the edge of the chute, the amount of slag removed is limited to the minimum to prevent blockage of the slag removal system of the shaft tunneling machine, and the height of the slag piles on both sides shall not exceed the safe height of the side wall of the lower horizontal tunnel.

[0026] The invention is further configured such that, in step S43, if the thrust of the propulsion cylinder continues to decrease, the cylinder stroke retracts, or rock fragments break, the tunneling is immediately stopped.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solutions, the failure criteria of rock mass have been clarified. Once an abnormality is found during static load testing or tunneling, such as a decrease in thrust, a reduction in stroke, or a rock mass failure, the process should be stopped immediately and reinforced to prevent the accident from escalating.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are: by setting up reserved rock mass and slag pile in the slag chute, temporary support and buffer can be provided for the shaft tunneling machine, ensuring the safe transition of the shaft tunneling machine and preventing the whole machine from falling. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a construction illustration of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a construction illustration of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0031] In the picture: 1. Starting shaft; 2. Lower horizontal tunnel; 3. Slag chute; 4. Shaft boring machine; 5. Excavator; 6. Slag heap; 7. Loader. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To facilitate a clear understanding of the technical means, creative features, objectives, and effects of this invention, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific illustrations.

[0033] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a method for receiving equipment underground by a shaft tunneling machine includes the following steps:

[0034] S1. Excavate a lower horizontal tunnel 2 below the pre-construction location;

[0035] S2. Using directional drilling and reverse drilling, excavate the chute 3 at the pre-construction position corresponding to the lower horizontal tunnel 2. The sidewall of the chute 3 is reserved with rock mass. Specifically, first use a directional drill with a diameter of 216mm to form a pilot hole, then replace it with a drill bit with a diameter of 326mm at the lower horizontal tunnel 2 to expand the hole, and then replace it with a reverse drilling machine. Install a cutter head with a diameter of 2m in the lower horizontal tunnel 2 to form a chute with a diameter of 2m.

[0036] S3, after the slag chute 3 is excavated, the starting well 1 with a diameter of 7.5 m and a depth of 18.5 m is excavated by artificial drilling and blasting, and then the shaft tunneling machine 4 is lowered to expand the hole above the starting well 1;

[0037] S4, during the lowering process of the shaft tunneling machine 4, the slag is stacked at the junction of the slag chute 3 and the lower tunnel 2;

[0038] S5, the shaft tunneling machine 4 penetrates to the lower tunnel 2.

[0039] The above steps provide temporary support and buffer for the shaft tunneling machine 4 by setting the reserved rock mass and stacking the slag in the slag chute 3, thereby ensuring the safe transition of the shaft tunneling machine 4.

[0040] Specifically, the step of stacking slag in the slag chute 3 has at least the following effects:

[0041] Provide a temporary counterforce platform: the slag is filled into the slag chute 3 to form a dense slag pile, which provides a temporary support base for the cutter head and the machine body of the tunneling machine. When the tunneling machine is excavated downward, the cutter head transmits the thrust to the slag pile 6, and the slag pile 6 transmits the force to the sidewall of the slag chute 3 through friction and lateral pressure, avoiding instability of the machine body due to suspension.

[0042] Buffer impact and protect equipment and structure: loose slag has high plasticity and can disperse instantaneous load. When the cutter head enters the slag chute 3, the slag pile 6 acts as a deformable buffer layer to absorb impact energy, avoiding rigid collision that can cause equipment deformation or rock mass rupture. At the same time, it can absorb the impact force when the cutter head is worn, reducing damage to the cutter head of the tunneling machine.

[0043] Stabilize the surrounding rock of the lower tunnel 2 and prevent collapse: the slag pile 6 exerts lateral pressure on the sidewall of the slag chute 3 to inhibit the deformation of the surrounding rock, especially suitable for broken strata.

[0044] Control the flow state of slag and prevent blockage: a slag pile 6 of reasonable height can slow down the falling speed of the slag, avoiding the accumulation of too much slag at the lower part of the slag chute 3, causing "well blockage", and the slag pile 6 forms a natural angle of repose, allowing the slag to be discharged to the lower tunnel 2 transportation system in an orderly manner.

[0045] In summary, it ensures that the tunneling machine penetrates smoothly to the lower tunnel 2.

[0046] In S4, when the shaft tunneling machine 4 excavates to 10 m from the lower tunnel 2, the lowering process of the shaft tunneling machine 4 further includes the following steps:

[0047] S41, excavate with a push length of 70% of the single cycle design stroke;

[0048] S42, after the single-cycle advancing is completed, the advancing force is increased to 1.1 times the whole weight of the shaft boring machine 4 (2965KN), and the force is kept static for 10 minutes;

[0049] S43, the change of the advancing cylinder stroke during the static state is monitored, the rock surface is scanned by a laser range finder by the personnel in the lower tunnel 2, the cracks or falling blocks are observed, and the stability of the reserved rock mass at the slag chute 3 is monitored, wherein the judgment standard that the advancing cylinder stroke has no obvious change is that, within 10 minutes of the static state, the retracting amount of the advancing cylinder stroke monitored by the cylinder displacement sensor is less than or equal to 1mm, the hydraulic system pressure value is read in real time, and the force fluctuation value is less than or equal to 5%;

[0050] S44, if the advancing cylinder stroke has no obvious retraction, the force is kept stable, and there is no rock mass falling or cracking phenomenon in the slag chute 3, it is determined that the rock mass is stable;

[0051] S45, cycle operation: after the stability condition of S44 is met, the step changing operation of the shaft boring machine 4 is performed, and the next cycle boring is repeated by S41 to S44 until the predetermined stop position is reached.

[0052] In the above steps, the design stroke of 70% of the shaft boring machine 4 equipment is set, which reduces the single exposure rock surface area. And the 1.1 times static pressure test of the self-weight (2965KN) is set, which can actively simulate the full load of the equipment before the step changing, and verify the instantaneous bearing capacity of the remaining rock mass.

[0053] In addition, the 10-minute monitoring ensures the stability of rock creep, which directly verifies whether the remaining rock mass can support the weight of the equipment, avoids the risk of the whole machine falling due to the support failure of the rock mass when the step is changed, and provides a decision basis for safe step changing.

[0054] When the shaft boring machine 4 bores to 10m away from the lower tunnel 2, the boring parameters are reduced, the advancing force is controlled to be 50% of the rated force, and the torque is controlled to be 50% of the rated torque. On the one hand, the above settings prevent the equipment from pushing down the thin rock layer due to excessive force, and on the other hand, reducing the force reduces the pressure of the shaft boring machine 4 cutter on the rock mass below, preventing the machine from losing stability instantly after entering the lower tunnel 2 due to the sudden suspension below. In addition, optimizing the cutter torque can break the rock mass more finely, especially when passing through the thin rock layer at the top of the lower tunnel 2, which can reduce the risk of collapse.

[0055] Specifically, in the first 5m stage, the slag generated by the boring is allowed to fill the slag chute 3, and the slag is not discharged in the lower tunnel 2;

[0056] In the rear 5m stage or when the screw conveyor is inefficient in discharging the residue, the loader 7 in the lower tunnel 2 and the excavator 5 are started to work together to selectively discharge the residue along the center line of the residue chute 3, and the removed residue is stacked on the sidewall of the lower tunnel 2, only to maintain the discharge passage of the shaft tunneling machine 4 unblocked.

[0057] The front 5m residue filled residue chute 3 forms a buffer layer and laterally constrains the rock mass. The accurate discharge of the center line of the rear 5m ensures the discharge function, and at the same time, actively provides lateral support by stacking residue on both sides, enhances the stability of thin rock layers, and prevents rock mass instability caused by the hollowing of the residue chute 3.

[0058] It should be noted that the excavator's excavation operation is strictly limited to the edge of the residue chute 3 to prevent landslides, the amount of discharged residue is limited to maintaining the unblocked discharge system of the shaft tunneling machine 4, and the height of the residue stacked on both sides should not exceed the safety height of the sidewall of the lower tunnel 2.

[0059] In the static load test of S43, if the monitored pushing cylinder thrust continues to decrease, the cylinder stroke retreats, or the rock mass appears to be broken, such as a sudden drop in thrust ≥10% or an expansion of rock surface cracks ≥3mm, the tunneling is immediately stopped, the equipment cylinder is locked, the rock mass is injected with super fine cement slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.8:1 through the pre-drilled grouting hole of the shaft tunneling machine 4, and after the slurry strength reaches 5MPa, the static load test is re-executed. The above settings clearly define the failure criteria for the rock mass. Once an abnormality is found in the static load test or tunneling, such as a decrease in thrust, a retreat in stroke, or a rock mass break, the operation is immediately stopped and reinforced to prevent the accident from expanding.

[0060] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. These changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of underground reception of a shaft sinking machine, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, excavating a lower tunnel (2) below a pre-construction position; S2, using directional drilling and reverse drilling to excavate a slag chute (3) at the pre-construction position corresponding to the lower tunnel (2), and the side wall of the slag chute (3) is reserved with rock mass; S3, after the excavation of the slag chute (3) is completed, the initial shaft (1) is excavated by using artificial drilling and blasting method, and then a shaft sinking machine (4) is used to dig and expand a hole above the initial shaft (1); S4, during the digging process of the shaft sinking machine (4), the slag is stacked at the junction of the slag chute (3) and the lower tunnel (2), when the shaft sinking machine (4) is excavated to be 10 m away from the lower tunnel (2), the excavation parameters are reduced, the pushing force is controlled to be 50% of the rated pushing force, and the torque is controlled to be 50% of the rated torque, and the digging process of the shaft sinking machine (4) comprises the following steps: S41, the pushing length is designed to be 70% of the single cycle stroke, and the excavation is performed; S42, after the single cycle pushing is completed, the pushing force is increased to 1.1 times the weight of the shaft sinking machine (4), and the pushing force is kept for 10 minutes; S43, the change of the pushing cylinder stroke during the standing period and the stability of the reserved rock mass at the slag chute (3) are monitored; S44, if the pushing cylinder stroke has no obvious retraction, the pushing force is stable, and there is no rock mass falling or cracking phenomenon in the slag chute (3), it is determined that the rock mass is stable; S45, the cycle operation: after the stability condition of S44 is met, the step changing operation of the shaft sinking machine (4) is performed, and the next cycle excavation is repeated by S41 to S44, until the predetermined stopping position is reached; S5, the shaft sinking machine (4) penetrates to the lower tunnel (2).

2. The underground receiving method of the shaft sinking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first 5m stage, the slag produced by excavation is allowed to fill the slag chute (3), and the lower tunnel (2) is temporarily not discharged; In the last 5m stage or when the shaft sinking machine (4) cannot normally discharge, the loader (7) in the lower tunnel (2) and the excavator (5) are started to work cooperatively, selective slag discharge is performed along the center line of the slag chute (3), and the removed slag is stacked at the side wall position of the lower tunnel (2), and only the shaft sinking machine (4) discharge passage is kept unblocked.

3. A method of receiving a shaft sinking machine underground as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In S43, the judgment standard that the pushing cylinder stroke has no obvious change is that, within 10 minutes of standing, the retraction amount of the pushing cylinder stroke is less than or equal to 1mm, and the fluctuation value of the pushing force is less than or equal to 5%.

4. A method of receiving a shaft sinking machine underground according to claim 2, characterised in that: The digging operation is strictly limited to the edge position of the slag chute (3), the amount of slag discharge is limited to maintain the unblocking of the shaft sinking machine (4) discharge system, and the height of the slag on both sides should not exceed the safety height of the side wall of the lower tunnel (2).

5. A method of receiving a shaft boring machine underground according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S43, if it is monitored that the pushing force of the pushing cylinder continuously decreases, the cylinder stroke retracts, or the rock mass appears falling or cracking phenomenon, the excavation is immediately stopped.

Images