Explosive wave simulation method and device based on high-temperature and high-pressure gas driven shock tube

Abstract

The invention relates to a blast wave simulation method and device, and aims to solve the problem that an overpressure course for generating a shock wave does not conform to a real blast wave although an overpressure course for generating the shock wave conforms to the characteristics of the blast wave due to the fact that an existing shock tube driven by normal-temperature and high-pressure gas cannot control the temperature of the driving gas. The blast wave simulation method and device based on the high-temperature and high-pressure gas driven shock tube are provided. The method comprises the following steps: 1, building an experimental device; 2, setting the temperature Td required by the experiment and the pressure pd required by the experiment of the driving gas, and calculating the pressure p0 of the driving gas filled into the driving section cylinder before the experiment according to the environment temperature T0 measured by the temperature measurement module; 3, opening a gas source and a gas injection power source, and filling driving gas into the driving section cylinder; 4, starting a driving section heater, and heating to preset temperature and pressure; 5, the diaphragm is broken, and when shock waves pass through the test section, the measurement system collects shock wave flow field and target damage effect data in the test section and transmits the data to the data processing module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and device for simulating explosion waves, and particularly to a method and device for simulating explosion waves based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas. Background Art

[0002] Experiment is an important means for studying and evaluating the anti-explosion ability of structures. The simplest and most direct way to conduct an explosion damage effect experiment is chemical explosion. However, for shock waves with a long positive pressure action time of 10 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds generated by the explosion of cloud explosives, urban energy depots, etc., the explosive equivalent required for conducting chemical explosion experimental research may reach several hundred kilograms to several hundred tons, with high costs and risks. A shock tube driven by high-pressure gas can generate a shock wave by suddenly releasing high-pressure gas and achieve the effect of simulating a strong explosion shock wave with a small amount of gas by confining the energy for directional transmission through the tube wall. This can greatly reduce the experimental cost and facilitate the measurement of the shock wave flow field and structural damage effect, making it an ideal platform for experimental research on explosion damage effects.

[0003] A shock tube is usually a tube with one end closed and the other end open or closed, which is divided into a high-pressure section (also called the driver section) and a low-pressure section (also called the driven section) by a diaphragm arranged in the middle. Among them, the high-pressure section is filled with high-pressure driving gas, and the low-pressure section is a specific driven gas or ambient atmosphere. When the diaphragm ruptures, the pressure difference causes a wave front to move from the high-pressure section to the low-pressure section in the shock tube, and a stable airflow with a certain duration can follow behind the wave front. Since the intensity of the wave front and the airflow state behind the wave front are only related to the states of the driving gas and the driven gas, shock tubes are widely used in the research of explosion mechanics, shock dynamics, hypersonic gas dynamics, and chemical reaction kinetics. In the above applications, generally, the wave front characteristics are mainly utilized, such as shock dynamics, chemical reaction kinetics, etc.; or generally, the airflow state behind the wave front is mainly utilized, such as hypersonic gas dynamics, etc.

[0004] Overpressure and dynamic pressure are two main mechanisms for a shock wave with a long positive pressure action time to cause damage to a target. Overpressure refers to the increase in ambient pressure caused by the shock wave passing through the target, and the effect is similar to hydrostatic pressure. Dynamic pressure refers to the effect generated by the interaction between high-speed moving gas particles and the target after the shock wave passes through, and the effect is similar to a strong typhoon. When the wave front passes through, the overpressure and dynamic pressure of the shock wave reach their peak values instantaneously and then gradually decay. The time for the shock wave to gradually decay from the peak value to zero is the positive pressure action time. In the prior art, for a shock tube driven by high-pressure gas used to simulate a strong explosion shock wave, it generally only uses normal-temperature high-pressure gas for driving. Since the temperature of the driving gas cannot be controlled, although the overpressure process of the generated shock wave conforms to the characteristics of the explosion wave, the simulated dynamic pressure process does not conform to the dynamic pressure process generated by the real explosion wave, resulting in the problem that it cannot meet the experimental research requirements of explosion damage effects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the existing shock tube driven by high-pressure gas only uses normal-temperature high-pressure gas for driving, and the temperature of the driving gas cannot be controlled, resulting in that although the overpressure process of the generated shock wave conforms to the characteristics of the explosion wave, the dynamic pressure process does not conform to the dynamic pressure process generated by the real explosion wave, and there is a problem that the experimental research on the explosion damage effect cannot be satisfied. Therefore, the present invention provides an explosion wave simulation method and device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature high-pressure gas.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] An explosion wave simulation method based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature high-pressure gas is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Prepare a gas source, an inflation power source, a driving section, a diaphragm rupture system and a driven section of the shock tube. Install a shape adjustment structure into the driving section cylinder of the driving section to change the internal cross-sectional area distribution along the axial direction of the driving section; install a sealing end cover; then successively sleeve and install a driving section heater and a heat insulation layer on the outer side wall of the driving section cylinder, and install a temperature measurement module and a pressure measurement module at one end of the driving section cylinder close to the diaphragm rupture system. Connect the driving section heater to a temperature control module, and install a measurement system in the test section cylinder of the driven section; finally, connect and assemble the driving section, the diaphragm rupture system and the driven section in sequence, connect the gas source to the input end of the gas injection power source, and connect the output end of the gas injection power source to one end of the driving section close to the diaphragm rupture system; wherein the shape adjustment structure is a cylinder connected to the inner wall of the driving section cylinder, and the inner diameter of the shape adjustment structure gradually increases from the sealing end cover to the diaphragm rupture system direction;

[0009] Step 2: Set the required experimental temperature T d and the required experimental pressure p d . According to the initial temperature T0 measured by the temperature measurement module, use the formula to calculate the initial pressure p0 of the driving gas that needs to be filled into the driving section cylinder before the experiment;

[0010] Step 3: Open the gas source and the gas injection power source, fill the driving gas into the driving section cylinder, and use the pressure measurement module to measure the pressure p1 in the driving section cylinder in real time. When p1 = p0, stop filling the driving gas;

[0011] Step 4: Input the required experimental temperature T d into the temperature control module, then start the driving section heater, and use the temperature measurement module to measure the temperature T1 in the driving section cylinder in real time. When T1 = T d , turn off the driving section heater to complete the preparation of the driving system;

[0012] Step 5. Start the diaphragm rupture control mechanism to rupture the diaphragm. The shock wave generated by the shock tube passes through the shaping section cylinder, the test section cylinder and the outlet section cylinder of the driven section of the shock tube in turn. When the shock wave passes through the test section cylinder, the measurement system is triggered. The measurement system collects the shock wave flow field and target damage effect data in the test section and transmits them to the data processing module, completing the explosion wave simulation experiment based on the high-temperature and high-pressure gas driven shock tube.

[0013] At the same time, the present invention also provides an explosion wave simulation device based on a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-driven shock tube, comprising a shock tube, wherein the shock tube comprises a driving section, a film-breaking system connected to one end of the driving section at one end, and a driven section connected to the other end of the film-breaking system at one end; the driving section comprises a driving section cylinder and a sealing end cover arranged at one end of the driving section cylinder away from the film-breaking system; the film-breaking system comprises a diaphragm and a diaphragm fixing assembly for fixing the diaphragm; the driven section comprises a shaping section cylinder, a test section cylinder and an outlet section cylinder connected in sequence, and the test section cylinder is used to set a blast wave simulation measurement system; the inlet end of the shaping section cylinder is connected to one end of the diaphragm fixing assembly, and the other end of the diaphragm fixing assembly is connected to the outlet end of the driving section cylinder, and the special features thereof are:

[0014] It also includes an air source and an air injection power source connected to the air source, wherein the air injection power source is connected to the driving section cylinder through a high-pressure pipeline and an air charging port; the air source and the air injection power source are used to provide driving gas to the driving section;

[0015] The outer side of the drive section cylinder is provided with a drive section heater, and the outer side of the drive section heater is provided with a cylindrical heat-insulating layer, and the heat-insulating layer includes a heat-insulating material layer and a skin provided on the heat-insulating material layer; the outlet end of the drive section cylinder is provided with a temperature measuring module and a pressure measuring module, and the drive section heater is connected to the temperature control module; a shape adjustment structure is provided in the drive section cylinder, and the shape adjustment structure is a cylinder connected to the inner wall of the drive section cylinder, and the inner diameter of the shape adjustment structure gradually increases from the sealing end cover to the membrane breaking system direction;

[0016] The diaphragm fixing assembly includes a throat, a seal and a transition structure; the throat is a cylindrical structure, the internal through hole of which is narrow in the middle and wide at both ends, one end of which is connected to the transition structure, and the other end is provided with the diaphragm and connected to the drive section cylinder, and the diaphragm is clamped between the other end of the transition structure and the drive section cylinder; the seal is arranged between the diaphragm and the drive section cylinder; the transition structure is a flange, and the end of the flange away from the throat is connected to the shaping section cylinder of the driven section.

[0017] Furthermore, the driving section heater is a cylindrical heating tube, the outer surface of which is covered with a thermal insulation layer.

[0018] Further, the gas source is liquid nitrogen and the gas injection power source is a liquid nitrogen pump.

[0019] Further, the gas source is a nitrogen gas cylinder and the gas injection power source is an air compressor.

[0020] Further, the diaphragm is a thin foil of metal or composite material; the seal is an O-ring or a gasket; the material of the O-ring is rubber; the material of the gasket is polytetrafluoroethylene or rubber.

[0021] Further, the diaphragm is a high-temperature resistant steel plate, on which grooves for rupture are etched; the seal is a graphite annular plate or a graphite steel ring.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The explosion wave simulation method based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas provided by the present invention adopts a high-temperature and high-pressure gas driving mode. By controlling the pressure and temperature of the driving gas, the dynamic pressure process of the generated shock wave can be made to conform to the characteristics of the explosion wave, making the simulation experiment effect more realistic.

[0024] 2. The explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas provided by the present invention is provided with a shape adjustment structure in the driving section cylinder body. By controlling the cross-sectional areas of the shock tube driving section - throat - driven section, the positive pressure action time of the generated shock wave is extended, making the attenuation process of the generated shock wave conform to the explosion wave, and realizing continuous adjustment of the shock wave process. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the driving section in an embodiment of the explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the film breaking system in an embodiment of the explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the enlarged view at M of

[0029] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0030] 1-driving section, 11-driving section cylinder, 12-sealing end cover, 13-shape adjustment structure, 14-driving section heater, 15-insulation layer, 16-pressure measurement module, 17-temperature measurement module, 18-temperature control module, 19-inflating port; 2-membrane rupture system, 21-throat, 22-diaphragm, 23-seal, 24-transfer structure; 3-driven section, 31-shaping section cylinder, 32-test section cylinder, 33-export section cylinder; 41-gas source, 42-gas injection power source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] A method for simulating explosion waves based on a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-driven shock tube comprises the following steps:

[0033] Step 1, prepare the gas source, the inflation power source, and the driving section, the membrane rupture system and the driven section of the shock tube, install the shape adjustment structure into the driving section cylinder of the driving section to change the internal cross-sectional area distribution along the axial direction of the driving section; install the sealing end cover; then sequentially sleeve the driving section heater and the insulation layer on the outer wall of the driving section cylinder, install the temperature measurement module and the pressure measurement module in the driving section cylinder at one end close to the membrane rupture system, connect the driving section heater with the temperature control module, and install the measurement system in the test section cylinder of the driven section; finally, sequentially connect and assemble the driving section, the membrane rupture system and the driven section, connect the gas source with the input end of the gas injection power source, and connect the output end of the gas injection power source with the end of the driving section close to the membrane rupture system; wherein the shape adjustment structure is a cylinder connected to the inner wall of the driving section cylinder, and the inner diameter of the shape adjustment structure gradually increases from the sealing end cover to the membrane rupture system;

[0034] Step 2: Set the experimental temperature T of the driving gas d And the pressure required for the experiment p d , according to the initial temperature T0 measured by the temperature measurement module, the initial pressure p0 of the driving gas that needs to be filled into the driving section cylinder before the experiment is calculated using the formula;

[0035] Step 3, open the gas source and the gas injection power source, fill the driving section cylinder with driving gas, and measure the pressure p1 in the driving section cylinder in real time through the pressure measurement module until p1=p0, then stop filling the driving gas;

[0036] Step 4: Set the experimental temperature T d Input the temperature control module, then start the drive section heater, and measure the temperature T1 in the drive section cylinder in real time through the temperature measurement module until T1 = T d When the drive section heater is turned off, the drive system preparation is completed;

[0037] Step 5: Activate the diaphragm rupture control mechanism to rupture the diaphragm. The shock wave generated by the shock tube successively passes through the shaping section cylinder, the test section cylinder, and the outlet section cylinder of the driven section of the shock tube. When the shock wave passes through the test section cylinder, it triggers the measurement system. The measurement system collects the shock wave flow field and target damage effect data in the test section and transmits them to the data processing module, completing the explosion wave simulation experiment based on the shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas.

[0038] Meanwhile, this embodiment also provides an explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas. Refer to Figures 1 to 4 , the shock tube includes a drive section 1, a diaphragm rupture system 2 connected to one end of the drive section 1, and a driven section 3 connected to the other end of the diaphragm rupture system 2; the drive section 1 includes a drive section cylinder 11 and a sealing end cap 12 provided at one end of the drive section cylinder 11 away from the diaphragm rupture system 2; the diaphragm rupture system 2 includes a diaphragm 22 and a diaphragm rupture control mechanism connected to the diaphragm 22; the driven section 3 includes a shaping section cylinder 31, a test section cylinder 32, and an outlet section cylinder 33 connected in sequence; it also includes a gas source 41 and an air injection power source 42 connected to the gas source 41, and the air injection power source 42 is connected to the drive section 1 of the shock tube; the gas source 41 and the air injection power source 42 are used to provide drive gas to the drive section 1;

[0039] A cylindrical drive section heater 14 is sleeved outside the drive section cylinder 11, and a cylindrical heat insulation layer 15 is sleeved outside the drive section heater 14. The heat insulation layer 15 includes a heat insulation material layer and a skin sleeved on the heat insulation material layer; a temperature measurement module 17 and a pressure measurement module 16 are arranged inside one end of the drive section cylinder 11 away from the sealing end cap 12, and the drive section heater 14 is connected to a temperature control module 18; a measurement system is arranged inside the test section cylinder 32; a shape adjustment structure 13 is arranged inside the drive section cylinder 11, and the inner diameter of the shape adjustment structure 13 gradually increases from the sealing end cap 12 to the diaphragm rupture system 2 direction; the pressure measurement module 16 is composed of a pressure sensor and a pressure display connected thereto, and it can work under high-temperature conditions. The temperature measurement module 17 and the temperature control module 18 are used in cooperation to ensure that the temperature of the drive gas is within the accuracy range required by the experiment.

[0040] The diaphragm rupture system 2 further includes a throat 21, a seal 23, and an adapter structure 24; the throat 21 is a cylinder with a narrow middle and wide ends, one end of which is connected to the adapter structure 24 and the other end is connected to the diaphragm 22; the seal 23 is arranged between the diaphragm 22 and the drive section cylinder 11; the adapter structure 24 is a flange, and one end thereof away from the throat 21 is connected to the shaping section cylinder 31 of the driven section 3. The diaphragm 22 is a high-temperature resistant steel plate, on which grooves for rupture are etched.

[0041] In this embodiment, the gas source 41 and the gas injection power source 42 are a combination of liquid nitrogen, a liquid nitrogen pump, and an air temperature vaporizer. In other embodiments, they can also be a combination of a nitrogen gas cylinder and an air compressor. In this embodiment, the diaphragm 22 is a thin foil of metal or composite material; the seal 23 is an O-ring made of rubber, which is applicable when both the experimental temperature and pressure are relatively low. In other embodiments, the seal 23 can also adopt an annular plate structure, and the material can be graphite, graphite + high-temperature resistant steel skeleton, etc., which is applicable to the case of higher experimental temperature. The diaphragm 22 can be in the form of a flat plate or preformed into an arch. The seal 23 can also be an annular plate, and its material can be graphite.

[0042] The drive section heater 14 is a cylindrical heating tube, and its outer surface is coated with a heat insulation layer 15. The drive section heater 14 can use a temperature sensor and a negative feedback device to control the temperature of the drive section cylinder 11 to meet the experimental requirements; the heat insulation layer 15 outside the drive section heater 14 can reduce the heat loss during the heating process and prevent the outer surface temperature of the equipment from being too high and scalding the experimental personnel.

Claims

1. An explosion wave simulation method based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a gas source, an inflation power source, the driver section of the shock tube, a diaphragm rupture system, and the driven section. Install the shape adjustment structure into the driver section cylinder of the driver section to change the internal cross-sectional area distribution along the axial direction of the driver section; install the sealing end cover; then successively sleeved install a driver section heater and a thermal insulation layer on the outer side wall of the driver section cylinder, and install a temperature measurement module and a pressure measurement module at one end of the driver section cylinder close to the diaphragm rupture system. Connect the driver section heater to the temperature control module, and install a measurement system in the test section cylinder of the driven section; finally, connect and assemble the driver section, the diaphragm rupture system, and the driven section in sequence. Connect the gas source to the input end of the gas injection power source, and connect the output end of the gas injection power source to one end of the driver section close to the diaphragm rupture system; wherein the shape adjustment structure is a cylinder connected to the inner wall of the driver section cylinder, and the inner diameter of the shape adjustment structure gradually increases from the sealing end cover to the diaphragm rupture system direction; Step 2: Set the required temperature T of the driving gas for the experiment d and the required pressure p for the experiment d , according to the initial temperature T0 measured by the temperature measurement module, calculate the initial pressure p0 of the driving gas that needs to be filled into the driving section cylinder before the experiment using the formula; Step 3: Open the gas source and the gas injection power source, fill the driver section cylinder with the driving gas, and use the pressure measurement module to measure the pressure p1 in the driver section cylinder in real time until p1 = p0, then stop filling the driving gas; Step 4: Input the required temperature T for the experiment d into the temperature control module, then start the drive section heater, and measure the temperature T1 inside the drive section cylinder in real time through the temperature measurement module until T1 = T d At this time, turn off the drive section heater to complete the preparation of the drive system; Step 5: Start the diaphragm rupture control mechanism to rupture the diaphragm. The shock wave generated by the shock tube passes through the shaping section cylinder, the test section cylinder, and the outlet section cylinder of the driven section of the shock tube in sequence. When the shock wave passes through the test section cylinder, trigger the measurement system. The measurement system collects the shock wave flow field and target damage effect data in the test section and transmits them to the data processing module to complete the explosion wave simulation experiment based on the shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas.

2. An explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas, including a shock tube. The shock tube includes a driver section (1), a diaphragm rupture system (2) connected to one end of the driver section (1), and a driven section (3) connected to the other end of the diaphragm rupture system (2); the driver section (1) includes a driver section cylinder (11) and a sealing end cover (12) provided at one end of the driver section cylinder (11) away from the diaphragm rupture system (2); the diaphragm rupture system (2) includes a diaphragm (22) and a diaphragm fixing assembly for fixing the diaphragm (22); the driven section (3) includes a shaping section cylinder (31), a test section cylinder (32), and an outlet section cylinder (33) connected in sequence. An explosion wave simulation measurement system is arranged in the test section cylinder (32); the inlet end of the shaping section cylinder (31) is connected to one end of the diaphragm fixing assembly, and the other end of the diaphragm fixing assembly is connected to the outlet end of the driver section cylinder (11), and its characteristics are: It further includes a gas source (41) and a gas injection power source (42) connected to the gas source (41). The gas injection power source (42) is connected to the driver section cylinder (11) through a high-pressure pipeline and an inflation port (19); the gas source (41) and the gas injection power source (42) are used to provide driving gas for the driver section (1); A drive section heater (14) is sleeved outside the drive section cylinder body (11), a cylindrical heat insulation layer (15) is sleeved outside the drive section heater (14), and the heat insulation layer (15) includes a heat insulation material layer and a skin sleeved on the heat insulation material layer; a temperature measurement module (17) and a pressure measurement module (16) are arranged at the outlet end of the drive section cylinder body (11), and the drive section heater (14) is connected to a temperature control module (18); a shape adjustment structure (13) is arranged inside the drive section cylinder body (11), the shape adjustment structure (13) is a cylinder connected to the inner wall of the drive section cylinder body (11), and the inner diameter of the shape adjustment structure (13) gradually increases from the sealing end cover (12) to the film breaking system (2). The diaphragm fixing assembly includes a throat (21), a seal (23) and an adapter structure (24); the throat (21) is a cylinder structure, the inner through hole thereof is narrow in the middle and wide at both ends, one end thereof is connected to the adapter structure (24), the other end is provided with the diaphragm (22) and is connected to the drive section cylinder body (11), and the diaphragm (22) is clamped between the other end of the adapter structure (24) and the drive section cylinder body (11); the seal (23) is arranged between the diaphragm (22) and the drive section cylinder body (11); the adapter structure (24) is a flange, and the end thereof far from the throat (21) is connected to the shaping section cylinder body (31) of the driven section (3).

3. The explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas according to claim 2, wherein: The drive section heater (14) is a cylindrical heating tube, and its outer surface is coated with a heat insulation layer (15).

4. The explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas according to claim 3, wherein: The gas source (41) is liquid nitrogen, and the gas injection power source (42) is a liquid nitrogen pump.

5. The explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas according to claim 3, wherein: The gas source (41) is a nitrogen cylinder, and the gas injection power source (42) is an air compressor.

6. The explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas according to claim 3, wherein: The diaphragm (22) is a thin foil of metal or composite material; the seal (23) is an O-ring or a gasket; the material of the O-ring is rubber; the material of the gasket is polytetrafluoroethylene or rubber.

7. The explosion wave simulation device based on a shock tube driven by high-temperature and high-pressure gas according to claim 3, wherein: The diaphragm (22) is a high-temperature resistant steel plate, and grooves for rupture are etched thereon; the seal (23) is a graphite annular plate or a graphite steel ring.

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