An online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects

Abstract

This invention discloses an online dynamic control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects. The method comprises the following steps: S1: dynamic data coupling and anomaly elimination; S2: spatiotemporal data matching; S3: displacement warning value optimization; S4: multimodal safety control analysis; and S5: result feedback and closed-loop control. This method enables rapid and accurate fusion of multi-source heterogeneous spatiotemporal data, reducing the false alarm rate of slope warnings. It also implements online closed-loop analysis of high and steep slopes, including automatic identification of dangerous rock mass hazards, real-time analysis of rockfall trajectory velocity, and differentiated decision-making regarding pre-consolidation range and anchoring. This provides a scientific, accurate, and timely basis for decision-making in the safe management of high and steep slopes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of slope prevention and control, and in particular relates to an online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects. Background Art

[0002] The stability of extremely high and steep slopes (greater than 1000m in height) has always been a major challenge in hydropower project construction. Potential hazards such as dangerous rock collapse and slope instability pose a serious threat to dam construction and safe operation. Traditional slope prevention and control methods often suffer from inaccurate data fusion, high false alarm rates, and a lack of real-time decision-making and analysis. For example, data from various sources (such as Beidou, drones, and millimeter-wave radar) cannot be quickly and accurately integrated due to differences in format, accuracy, and acquisition frequency. Existing warning models often have unreasonable threshold settings, leading to frequent false alarms and compromising the reliability and practicality of warnings. Furthermore, for high and steep slopes with complex characteristics, traditional decision-making methods are unable to provide timely and accurate reinforcement solutions.

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to propose an online prevention and control method for the safety of high and steep slopes in hydropower projects, aiming to solve the above problems and provide reliable technical support for the safety of high and steep slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is proposed to address the above-mentioned shortcomings, and its purpose is to provide an online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects. This method can realize the rapid and accurate fusion of multi-source heterogeneous spatiotemporal data, reduce the false alarm rate of slope warnings, and realize the online closed-loop analysis of "automatic identification of dangerous rock mass hazards - real-time analysis of falling rock trajectory speed - pre-consolidation range and differentiated anchoring decision-making" on high and steep slopes, providing scientific, accurate and timely decision-making basis for the safe management of high and steep slopes.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following scheme:

[0006] An online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Construct a data dynamic coupling model based on the interval screening algorithm to perform segmented statistics on multi-source security monitoring data and dynamically identify abnormal data that exceeds the confidence interval, and eliminate the abnormal data to obtain a cleaned valid data sequence;

[0008] S2: Temporally and spatially align and synchronize the valid data sequences of multi-source safety monitoring data with the BIM model;

[0009] S3: Based on the initial functional relationship between the slope geotechnical parameters and the critical value of the slope safety factor, combined with the obtained valid data sequence, the displacement warning value is dynamically corrected by introducing a time optimization factor to obtain the displacement warning optimization value that changes with time;

[0010] S4: Establish a multimodal algorithm set for slope safety control, conduct real-time evaluation of the displacement warning optimization value obtained in step S3, and output safety control decisions including the boundary of dangerous rock mass, rockfall trajectory speed, pre-consolidation range, and anchor bolt anchor length differentiation scheme;

[0011] S5: Return the analysis results in step S4 to the monitoring and control system, continuously monitor and iteratively update the slope safety status, and realize online closed-loop analysis and management of slope safety prevention and control.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the data dynamic coupling model based on the interval screening algorithm is constructed as follows:

[0013] ;

[0014] Where, Refers to the mean value of safety monitoring data within a segment; Refers to the standard deviation of the safety monitoring data within the segment; n and m refer to the nth and mth safety monitoring data respectively; Refers to different categories of safety monitoring data.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the extra-high and steep slope is a slope with a height greater than 1000 m.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, in step S1, multi-source security monitoring data is dynamically loaded, segmented according to the source, characteristics and time series of the multi-source security monitoring data, and a data dynamic coupling model is used to dynamically eliminate abnormal data.

[0017] As a preferred implementation method, in step S1, multi-source security monitoring data is collected through Beidou, drones, and radar.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, in step S3, based on the critical value K of the slope safety factor 临界 According to the slope soil mechanics parameters cohesion c and internal friction angle φ, the displacement warning value x is inverted by three-dimensional numerical simulation. 预警值 , determine the critical value K of the slope safety factor 临界 and displacement warning value x 预警值 Initial function relationship K 临界 =f0(x, c, φ), where c is the cohesion, φ is the internal friction angle, and x is the monitored displacement data obtained in real time.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the displacement early warning value optimization algorithm K based on the time series is established by continuously optimizing the initial function f0() based on the real-time monitoring displacement data x and the slope operation status. 临界 =f 优化 (x, c, φ) = α(t) * f0(x, c, φ), and then get the displacement warning optimization value x that changes with time 优化 , α(t) is the time optimization factor, which is dynamically optimized according to the real-time monitored displacement data x.

[0020] As a preferred implementation method, in step S4, a multimodal algorithm set S={s1, s2, s3, s4} for slope safety control is established, wherein s1 is a three-dimensional segmentation algorithm for dangerous rock mass, s2 is a rockfall impact fragmentation algorithm, s3 is a plastic zone development calculation algorithm, and s4 is an algorithm for associating slope excavation parameters with anchoring length.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the dangerous rock mass three-dimensional segmentation algorithm extracts geometric characteristic parameters for automatic delineation of the dangerous rock mass boundary, volume calculation, and inclination measurement.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the rockfall impact fragmentation algorithm calculates the impact force of the rolling stone, the speed of the fragmented body and the movement distance.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the plastic zone development calculation algorithm considers slope damage and determines the pre-consolidation range; the slope excavation parameter and anchor length correlation algorithm dynamically analyzes the slope and determines the anchor length for differentiated support.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] First, the data dynamic coupling model based on the interval screening algorithm constructed by the present invention realizes the dynamic elimination of outliers, greatly improves the credibility of the data, and provides a more accurate basis for subsequent analysis and decision-making; at the same time, the multi-source safety monitoring data collected by Beidou, drones, millimeter-wave radar, etc. are collided with the BIM model in time and space to achieve matching of different data in time and space.

[0026] Secondly, the slope displacement warning value optimization algorithm constructed by the present invention can effectively reduce the false alarm rate of the warning threshold, improve the accuracy and reliability of the warning, and can timely detect potential dangers of the slope, providing protection for the safety of personnel and facilities.

[0027] Third, the multimodal algorithm set for slope safety control constructed by the present invention integrates algorithms such as intelligent identification of high-lying dangerous rock masses on slopes, calculation of the impact of rolling stones, calculation of pre-consolidation range, and analysis of anchor length differentiation, realizing the online closed-loop analysis of slope "automatic identification of dangerous rock mass hazards - real-time analysis of falling rock trajectory speed - estimated range and anchor length differentiation decision-making".

[0028] Fourthly, the present invention significantly optimizes the slope protection scheme of the Wudongde Hydropower Station, saving 1,520 bundles of prestressed anchor cables, 3,560 anchor piles, 4,250 anchor rods, and 81,600 m of active protection nets compared to the feasibility study estimate. 2 , passive protection net 18,300 m 2 . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of an online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] This embodiment uses the slope prevention and control scheme of the Wudongde Hydropower Station as an example to specifically illustrate that the right bank abutment slope of the hydropower station has hidden dangers such as rock weathering and crack development. The online dynamic prevention and control method for the ultra-high and steep slope of the hydropower project of the present invention is adopted, which includes the following steps:

[0032] S1: Dynamic data coupling and exception elimination

[0033] Safety monitoring data such as slope displacement have a limited fluctuation range within a certain period of time. Once the confidence interval is exceeded, it can be basically determined that the data is abnormal due to hardware acquisition and other reasons. Based on this, a data dynamic coupling model considering the interval screening algorithm is proposed, as shown in formula (1):

[0034] (Formula 1);

[0035] Where, Refers to the mean value of safety monitoring data within a segment; Refers to the standard deviation of the safety monitoring data within the segment; n and m refer to the nth and mth safety monitoring data respectively; Refers to different categories of safety monitoring data.

[0036] A data dynamic coupling model based on an interval screening algorithm performs segmented statistics and dynamically identifies outliers outside the confidence interval, eliminating these outliers to obtain a cleaned, valid data sequence. The model dynamically loads data and segments it into appropriate segments based on its source, characteristics, and time series. Specifically, it sets the n and m values ​​appropriately and uses the data dynamic coupling model to dynamically eliminate outliers. Since monitoring data comes from a variety of sources (Beidou, drones, radar, etc.) with varying formats and characteristics, the dynamic coupling model segments the data by source, characteristics, and time series, identifying anomalies specifically for each data source.

[0037] S2: Spatiotemporal matching of data

[0038] This embodiment uses BeiDou GNSS, drone oblique photography, millimeter-wave radar, etc. to monitor the right bank abutment slope of the hydropower station to obtain multi-source safety monitoring data, and aligns and synchronizes the multi-source safety monitoring data with the BIM model in time and space; that is, the multi-source safety monitoring data collected by BeiDou, drones, millimeter-wave radar, etc. are collided with the BIM model in time and space to achieve temporal and spatial matching of various types of data, thereby ensuring that the analysis conclusions are based on data with accurate spatial position and time synchronization, thereby improving the accuracy of slope analysis.

[0039] S3: Optimization of displacement warning value

[0040] Based on the initial functional relationship between the slope geotechnical parameters and the critical value of the slope safety factor, combined with the obtained valid data sequence, the displacement warning value is dynamically corrected by introducing a time optimization factor to obtain the displacement warning optimization value that changes with time.

[0041] The specific method is: based on the critical value of slope safety factor K 临界 , K can be obtained through three-dimensional numerical simulation and the "Code for Slope Design of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects SL386-2007" 临界 According to the slope soil mechanics parameters cohesion c and internal friction angle φ, which can be obtained through direct on-site shear tests, the displacement warning value x is inverted using three-dimensional numerical simulation. 预警值 , that is, to determine the critical value of slope safety factor K 临界 and displacement warning value x 预警值 Initial function relationship K 临界 =f0(x, c, φ), where c is the cohesion, φ is the internal friction angle, and x is the real-time monitoring displacement data. Secondly, the initial function f0() is continuously optimized based on the real-time monitoring displacement data x and the slope operation status, and the displacement warning value optimization algorithm K based on the time series is established. 临界 =f 优化(x, c, φ) = α(t) * f0(x, c, φ), and then get the displacement warning optimization value x that changes with time 优化 , α(t) is the time optimization factor, which is dynamically optimized according to the real-time monitoring displacement data x.

[0042] S4: Multimodal Analysis of Security Control

[0043] Establish a multimodal algorithm set for slope safety control, perform real-time evaluation on the displacement warning optimization value obtained in step S3, and output safety control decisions including the boundary of dangerous rock mass, rockfall trajectory speed, pre-consolidation range, and anchor bolt anchor length differentiation scheme;

[0044] The specific method is to establish a multimodal algorithm set S = {s1, s2, s3, s4} for slope safety control. S1: A three-dimensional segmentation algorithm for dangerous rock masses based on improved local pixel growth, which enables unmanned extraction of geometric characteristic parameters such as automatic boundary delineation, volume calculation, and inclination angle measurement. S2: A rockfall impact fragmentation algorithm based on nonlinear stress wave propagation, which calculates the impact force of rolling rocks, the velocity of fragmented bodies, and the travel distance. S3: A plastic zone development calculation algorithm, which considers slope damage and establishes a plastic zone development calculation at the top of the engineering slope, enabling precise control of the pre-consolidation range. S4: Based on a dynamic coupling model of "excavation and support", an algorithm is established to associate slope excavation parameters with anchor length, enabling differentiated support based on anchor bolt length. By triggering this multimodal algorithm set in real time, an online closed-loop analysis of the slope's "automatic identification of dangerous rock mass hazards - real-time analysis of rockfall trajectory velocity - and differentiated decision-making on pre-consolidation range and anchoring" is achieved.

[0045] S5: Result feedback and closed-loop control

[0046] The analysis results from step S4 are returned to the monitoring and control system for continuous monitoring and iterative updates of the slope's safety status, enabling online closed-loop analysis and management of slope safety control. Whenever new monitoring data is available, the system iteratively updates its safety status assessment and control decisions.

[0047] The slope protection scheme of Wudongde Hydropower Station is optimized by the method of the present invention. Compared with the feasibility study estimate, 1520 bundles of prestressed anchor cables, 3560 anchor piles, 4250 anchor rods and 81,600 m of active protection net are saved. 2 , passive protection net 18,300 m 2 .

[0048] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the contents described in the above embodiments, but is subject to the scope defined by the claims. Any modifications, supplements, or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are within the scope of protection claimed in the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects, characterized by: include A data dynamic coupling model based on the interval screening algorithm is constructed to perform segmented statistics on multi-source safety monitoring data and dynamically eliminate abnormal data to obtain a valid data sequence. The constructed data dynamic coupling model based on the interval screening algorithm is as follows: ； Where, Refers to the mean value of safety monitoring data within a segment; Refers to the standard deviation of the safety monitoring data within the segment; n and m refer to the nth and mth safety monitoring data respectively; Refers to different categories of safety monitoring data; Align and synchronize valid data sequences with BIM models in time and space; Based on the initial functional relationship between the slope geotechnical parameters and the critical value of the slope safety factor, combined with the effective data sequence, the displacement warning value is dynamically corrected by introducing the time optimization factor to obtain the displacement warning optimization value that changes with time. A multimodal algorithm set S = {s1, s2, s3, s4} for slope safety control is established, where s1 is a three-dimensional segmentation algorithm for dangerous rock masses, s2 is a rockfall impact fragmentation algorithm, s3 is a plastic zone development calculation algorithm, and s4 is an algorithm for associating slope excavation parameters with anchor lengths. The obtained displacement warning optimization value is evaluated in real time, and the safety control decision analysis results are output. The three-dimensional segmentation algorithm for dangerous rock masses automatically delineates the boundary of dangerous rock masses, calculates the volume, and extracts geometric characteristic parameters for inclination measurement. The rockfall impact fragmentation algorithm calculates the impact force of rolling stones, the speed of fragmented bodies, and the movement distance. The plastic zone development calculation algorithm considers slope damage and determines the pre-consolidation range. The slope excavation parameter and anchor length association algorithm performs dynamic analysis on the slope and determines the differentiated support of anchor bolt anchor lengths. The analysis results are returned to the monitoring and control system for continuous monitoring and iterative updates of the slope safety status.

2. The online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects according to claim 1 is characterized by: The multi-source safety monitoring data is dynamically loaded and segmented according to the source, characteristics and time series of the multi-source safety monitoring data, and abnormal data exceeding the confidence interval is dynamically identified, and a data dynamic coupling model is used to dynamically eliminate abnormal data.

3. The online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects according to claim 2 is characterized by: The multi-source security monitoring data is collected through Beidou, drones, and radar.

4. The online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: According to the slope soil mechanics parameters cohesion c and internal friction angle φ, the displacement warning value x is inverted by three-dimensional numerical simulation. 预警值 , determine the critical value K of the slope safety factor 临界 and displacement warning value x 预警值 Initial function relationship K 临界 =f0(x, c, φ), where c is the cohesion, φ is the internal friction angle, and x is the monitored displacement data obtained in real time.

5. The online dynamic prevention and control method for extremely high and steep slopes in hydropower projects according to claim 4 is characterized by: By using the real-time monitoring displacement data x, combined with the slope operation status to continuously optimize the initial function f0(), a displacement warning value optimization algorithm K based on time series is established. 临界 =f 优化 (x, c, φ) = α(t) * f0(x, c, φ), and then get the displacement warning optimization value x that changes with time 优化 , where α(t) is the time optimization factor.

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