V2G-based electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system scheduling method

Abstract

The invention provides a V2G-based electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system scheduling method, and relates to the technical field of energy system scheduling optimization, and the method comprises the steps: building a mathematical model of each unit of an electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system; generating travel characteristic data of the electric vehicle and the hydrogen vehicle, and constructing a vehicle-to-network technology charging and discharging model of the electric vehicle and the hydrogen vehicle; according to the carbon emission of the thermal power generating unit containing the carbon capture device and the carbon emission of the hydrogen-doped gas turbine, dividing a carbon emission interval, and calculating stepped carbon transaction cost; based on the mathematical model of each unit, the vehicle-to-network technology charging and discharging model and the stepped carbon transaction cost, obtaining a target function for minimizing the total operation cost of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia comprehensive energy system; according to the method, the constraint condition of the electric hydrogen ammonia comprehensive energy system is established, the electric hydrogen ammonia comprehensive energy system scheduling rule meeting the target function is obtained under the condition that the constraint condition is met, operation of the electric hydrogen ammonia comprehensive energy system is optimized, the new energy consumption rate is increased, carbon emission is reduced, and the economical efficiency and low-carbon property of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy system scheduling optimization, and particularly to a scheduling method for an electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasingly strict environmental protection requirements, the integrated energy system (IES) as a new energy management method can effectively improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve the sustainable development of the energy system by coupling and optimizing the management of various energy forms (such as electric energy, heat energy, cold energy, hydrogen energy, etc.). In recent years, the electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system (EHA-IES) as a system configuration with great potential has been studied and applied to a certain extent. The electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system realizes the complementary and collaborative utilization of various energy forms by integrating clean energies such as wind power, hydrogen energy, and ammonia energy, and technologies such as hydrogen production by electrolyzers, ammonia synthesis in ammonia plants, and ammonia-doped combustion.

[0003] However, there are still some deficiencies in the optimization scheduling of the existing electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system, which are mainly reflected in the insufficient excavation of load-side resources and the ineffective integration of the carbon trading mechanism. The above deficiencies limit the further improvement of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system in terms of new energy consumption, system economy, and low carbon. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a scheduling method for an electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the new energy consumption rate of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system cannot be improved.

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a scheduling method for an electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G, including: Establishing a mathematical model for each unit of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system; wherein, each unit mathematical model includes a hydrogen energy unit model, an ammonia production unit model, an ammonia-doped combustion thermal power unit model, a carbon capture device model, and an ice storage air-conditioning model; Using the Monte Carlo method to generate travel characteristic data of electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles, and constructing a vehicle-to-grid technology charging and discharging model for electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles; Dividing the carbon emission interval according to the carbon emissions of the thermal power unit with a carbon capture device and the hydrogen-doped gas turbine, and calculating the stepped carbon trading cost; Based on the mathematical models of the units, the vehicle-to-grid charging and discharging model, and the stepped carbon trading cost, the objective function for minimizing the total operating cost of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system is obtained; Create the constraint conditions of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system. Under the condition of meeting the constraint conditions, call the Gurobi solver to obtain the scheduling rules of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system that satisfy the objective function.

[0006] The scheduling method of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G provided by the present invention establishes the mathematical models of the units of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system; uses the Monte Carlo method to generate the travel characteristic data of electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles, and constructs the vehicle-to-grid charging and discharging model of electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles; divides the carbon emission intervals according to the carbon emissions of the thermal power units with carbon capture devices and the hydrogen-doped gas turbines, and calculates the stepped carbon trading cost; based on the mathematical models of the units, the vehicle-to-grid charging and discharging model, and the stepped carbon trading cost, the objective function for minimizing the total operating cost of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system is obtained; create the constraint conditions of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system. Under the condition of meeting the constraint conditions, call the Gurobi solver to obtain the scheduling rules of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system that satisfy the objective function, which can optimize the operation of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system, improve the new energy consumption rate, reduce carbon emissions, and at the same time enhance the economy and low-carbon performance of the system. Description of the Drawings

[0007] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0008] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the scheduling method of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic architecture diagram of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the wind power and electric, heat, and cooling load prediction curves of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cold load balance scheduling result of Scenario 3 of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cold load balance scheduling result of Scenario 4 of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the scheduling results of HVs and EVs clusters in Scenario 2 of the V2G-based integrated electricity-hydrogen-ammonia energy system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the scheduling results of HVs and EVs clusters in Scenario 3 of the V2G-based integrated electricity-hydrogen-ammonia energy system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the scheduling results of the electrical load and the unit output in Scenario 3 of the V2G-based integrated electricity-hydrogen-ammonia energy system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0009] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the scheduling method for the V2G-based integrated electricity-hydrogen-ammonia energy system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The integrated electricity-hydrogen-ammonia energy system can integrate clean energies such as wind power, hydrogen energy, and ammonia energy, and realize the complementarity and collaborative utilization of various energy forms by means of technologies such as hydrogen production by electrolyzers, ammonia synthesis in ammonia production plants, and ammonia-doped combustion. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology refers to the technology that electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen vehicles (HVs) are connected to the power grid to feed back the electrical energy or hydrogen energy of the vehicles into the power grid, realizing the bidirectional flow of energy. An integrated energy system (IES) is a system that couples and optimally manages multiple energies (such as electricity, heat, cold, hydrogen, etc.).

[0011] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an integrated power-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia energy system based on V2G provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Wind turbine: It generates electricity by using wind energy. The generated electricity can be used for direct power supply or converted into hydrogen through an electrolyzer. Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) nitrogen production device: It separates nitrogen (N2) from the air and provides raw materials for an ammonia production plant. Ammonia production plant: It synthesizes ammonia (NH3) by using the nitrogen provided by the pressure swing adsorption device and the hydrogen (H2) generated by the electrolyzer. Coal-fired power plant with carbon capture device: This is a coal-fired power plant integrated with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology, which can reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Electrolyzer (EL): It electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen. The generated hydrogen can be stored in a hydrogen storage tank or directly used for combined heat and power (CHP) or hydrogen vehicles (HVs). Hydrogen Storage Tank (HST): It is used to store the hydrogen generated by the electrolyzer for subsequent use. Combined heat and power (CHP): It uses hydrogen and natural gas to generate electricity and heat, improving the energy utilization efficiency. Electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen vehicles (HVs): Electric vehicles are charged through the power grid, while hydrogen vehicles are filled with hydrogen through a hydrogen storage tank. Both can feed energy back into the power grid to achieve vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. Ice storage air conditioner: It uses electricity for refrigeration and stores the cold energy for subsequent use to balance the power grid load. Electric load, cold load, and heat load: They respectively represent the power demand, cold energy demand, and heat energy demand in the system. The arrows in the figure represent the flow of different forms of energy. The solid arrows represent the flow of electric energy. The dashed arrows represent the flow of hydrogen. The dash-dotted arrows represent the flow of cold energy. The dotted arrows represent the flow of heat energy.

[0012] See Figure 1 , the scheduling method for the integrated power-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia energy system based on V2G may include the following steps 101 to 105.

[0013] Step 101: Establish mathematical models for each unit of the integrated power-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia energy system; among them, each unit mathematical model includes a hydrogen energy unit model, an ammonia production unit model, an ammonia-doped combustion coal-fired power plant model, a carbon capture device model, and an ice storage air conditioner model.

[0014] In this step, the hydrogen energy unit model includes a proton exchange membrane model unit, an HST model unit, and a hydrogen-doped CHP model unit; Among them, the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) model unit is shown as the following formula (1): (1); , respectively t the energy consumption of the electrolyzer (EL) and the H2 power generated by the electrolyzer (EL) during a period; is the energy conversion efficiency of EL; and are the upper and lower limits of the EL energy consumption respectively; The HST model unit is shown in the following formula (2): (2); is t the H2 capacity in the hydrogen storage tank (HST) during a period; and are the minimum and maximum values of the HST capacity respectively; is t the hydrogen charging power of the HST during a period; is the hydrogen charging status flag of the HST, taking 0 or 1; is the maximum hydrogen charging power; is t the hydrogen discharging power of the HST during a period; is the maximum hydrogen discharging power; is the hydrogen discharging status flag of the HST, taking 0 or 1; is t the H2 capacity in the hydrogen storage tank (HST) at the -1 period; and are the hydrogen charging efficiency and hydrogen discharging efficiency of the HST respectively; The hydrogen - blended CHP model unit is shown in the following formula (3): (3); is t the hydrogen blending ratio of the CHP during a period; is t the hydrogen power input from the upstream gas network to the combined heat and power (CHP) during a period; is t the natural gas power input from the upstream gas network to the combined heat and power (CHP) during a period; and are the lower calorific values of H2 and CH4 respectively; is the mixed calorific value of H2 and CH4; and and are respectively t the input power, output electric power, and output heat power of the hydrogen - blended CHP during a period; and are the electric efficiency and heat efficiency of the CHP respectively; and They are the maximum and minimum values of the thermoelectric adjustable ratio of hydrogen-doped CHP, respectively.

[0015] The ammonia production unit model is shown in the following formula (4): (4); is t The overall energy consumption of the ammonia production unit during the time period; is t The energy consumption of the ammonia production plant during the time period; is t The electric energy consumed by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) during the time period; and are respectively t The mass of ammonia and nitrogen produced during the time period; and are respectively the unit energy consumptions of the ammonia production plant and the PSA preparation device; is t The heat generated per unit of ammonia produced during the time period; is the heat release efficiency of the ammonia production plant; is the heat generated per unit of ammonia during the ammonia production process in the ammonia production plant; The model of the ammonia-doped coal-fired power generation unit is shown in the following formula (5): (5); is the coal-fired power generation unit, is t The ammonia-doped coal-fired power generation unit during the time period The coal consumption generated; is t The ammonia-doped coal-fired power generation unit during the time period The output electric energy; and and are respectively the Coal consumption coefficients of the coal-fired power generation unit; and are respectively the lower calorific values of ammonia and coal; is t The ammonia doping ratio of the ammonia-doped coal-fired power generation unit during the time period; and are respectively the Upper and lower limits of the energy consumption of the coal-fired power generation unit; and are respectively the minimum ramp-up power and the maximum ramp-up power of the coal-fired power generation unit; is t-1 The ammonia-doped coal-fired power generation unit during the time period The output electric energy; The model of the carbon capture device is shown in the following formula (6): (6); , , , They are t Period ammonia-blended thermal power units CO2 generated, CO2 supplied from solution storage, thermal power unit The CO2 absorbed by the regeneration tower of the carbon capture device and the CO2 actually captured by the regeneration tower; is the carbon emission rate of thermal power units; is the amount of CO2 released per unit of coal; is the flue gas split ratio; , They are the absorption efficiency of the CCS absorption tower and the energy consumption per unit CO2 captured; is the maximum operating state coefficient of the regeneration tower and compressor in the carbon capture device; , , They are t Thermal power units Fixed energy consumption, operating energy consumption and net output of carbon capture devices; is the regeneration rate of the regeneration tower; The ice storage air conditioning model is shown in the following formula (7): (7); , , They are t Refrigeration power, ice storage cooling power, and ice melting cooling power of time-slot ice storage air conditioners; , , They are t The cooling mark, ice storage mark and ice melting mark of the time-slot ice storage air conditioner; , They are t The minimum and maximum cooling power of the time-slot ice storage air conditioner; for t The maximum value of ice melting cooling power of the time-slot ice storage air conditioner; , They are t, t - 1 The amount of ice stored in the ice storage tank during each period; , , are the self-damage rate, ice storage rate, and ice melting rate of the ice storage tank. For the series ice storage air conditioning model, .

[0016] Step 102: Use the Monte Carlo method to generate the travel characteristic data of electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles, and construct the vehicle-to-grid technology charging and discharging model for electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles.

[0017] The travel characteristic data follows a normal distribution at the grid connection time and the grid disconnection time, as shown in the following formulas (8) and (9): (8); (9); and is the probability density function of the travel characteristics of electric vehicles or hydrogen vehicles at the grid connection time and the grid disconnection time ; and are the mathematical expectations at the grid connection time and the grid disconnection time respectively; and are the standard deviations at the grid connection time and the grid disconnection time respectively; The driving mileage approximately follows a lognormal distribution, and its probability density function is shown in the following formula (10): (10); is the mathematical variance, equal to 0.88, indicating the degree of dispersion of the driving mileage; is the mathematical expectation equal to 3.2, indicating the average value or expected value of the driving mileage; is the driving mileage, is the probability distribution of the driving mileage.

[0018] The initial state of charge of EVs and HVs at the grid disconnection time follows a uniform distribution, and its probability distribution function is shown in the following formula (11): (11); where is the vehicle type; is the initial state of charge of the vehicle of type at the grid disconnection time; is the maximum capacity of the battery of the vehicle of type is the probability distribution function of the initial state of charge of EVs or HVs at the grid disconnection time; The initial state of charge capacity model of EVs and HVs at the grid connection time is shown in the following formula (12): (12); is the initial state of charge capacity of EVs and HVs at the grid connection time; is the energy consumption per unit driving mileage of the vehicle of type is the driving range of a type of vehicle; is the maximum capacity of the battery of a type of vehicle; The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging and discharging model includes an electric vehicle model unit and an HVs model unit; Among them, the electric vehicle model unit is shown in the following formula (13): (13); i is an electric vehicle, is the total number of electric vehicles; , , , are respectively the charging power, discharging power, charging flag bit, and discharging flag bit of the electric vehicle i at t time period; , are respectively the maximum charging power and maximum discharging power of EVs; , are respectively the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of EVs; is the number of EVs participating in the scheduling; , are respectively the sum of the charging power and the sum of the discharging power of the electric vehicle cluster t at time period; is the initial charge state of the electric vehicle i at time period t-1.

[0019] The HVs model unit is shown in the following formula (14): (14); is a hydrogen vehicle, is the total number of hydrogen vehicles; , , , are respectively the hydrogen filling amount, hydrogen discharging amount, hydrogen amount stored in the hydrogen storage tank, and discharging power of the hydrogen vehicle at t time period; , are respectively the hydrogen filling efficiency and hydrogen discharging efficiency of HVs; is the number of HVs participating in the scheduling; is the sum of the discharging power of the hydrogen vehicle cluster t at time period; is the hydrogen vehicle at t-1 the hydrogen amount stored in the hydrogen storage tank at time period.

[0020] Step 103: Divide the carbon emission range according to the carbon emissions of the thermal power unit with a carbon capture device and the hydrogen-blended gas turbine, and calculate the stepped carbon trading cost.

[0021] A gas turbine (Turbine Power Unit, TPU) is a device used for power generation. Dividing the carbon emission range according to the carbon emissions of the thermal power unit with a carbon capture device and the hydrogen-blended gas turbine, and calculating the stepped carbon trading cost, includes: The IES carbon quota index is mainly provided by the thermal power unit with a carbon capture device and the hydrogen-blended gas turbine, as shown in the following formula (15): (15); is the gas turbine; , , are the carbon quotas of IES, CHP, and TPU respectively; , are the carbon quota coefficients of CHP and TPU respectively; is the gas turbine output power at time period t; is the heat input power of the combined heat and power generation at time period t; T is the total number of time periods; is the electrical input power of the combined heat and power generation at time period t; E is the total number of gas turbines; The actual carbon emissions of IES are shown in the following formula (16): (16); , , are the carbon emissions of IES, CHP, and TPU respectively; , are the carbon content per unit calorific value of methane and the carbon oxidation rate of methane respectively, is the gas turbine heat-electricity ratio; is the thermal power unit carbon dioxide emissions at time period t; is the amount of carbon dioxide that the carbon capture device can capture; is the number of thermal power units; The stepped carbon trading is shown in the following formula (17): (17); , , , are the carbon trading base price, compensation coefficient, penalty coefficient, and carbon emission range length respectively; is the stepped carbon trading cost.

[0022] Step 104: Obtain the objective function for minimizing the total operating cost of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on the mathematical models of each unit, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging and discharging model, and the stepped carbon trading cost.

[0023] Based on the mathematical models of each of the aforementioned units, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging and discharging model, and the stepped carbon trading cost, the objective function for minimizing the total operating cost of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system is obtained, including the following formula (18): (18); , , , , are the energy procurement cost, the operating cost of the coal-fired power unit with ammonia blending combustion, the carbon capture cost, the costs of EVs and HVs, and the equipment operating cost, respectively.

[0024] The energy procurement cost is shown in the following formula (19): (19); , , are the gas purchase price from the superior gas network, the price coefficient of wind turbine power generation, and the price coefficient of abandoned wind power, respectively; , , , are respectively t the gas transmission power of the superior power grid, the actual power generation of the wind turbine, the abandoned wind power, and the predicted power generation of the wind turbine during the The operating cost of the coal-fired power unit with ammonia blending combustion includes the coal purchase cost and the start-stop cost as shown in the following formula (20): (20); is the unit price of coal; is t the start-stop flag of the ammonia-blended coal-fired power unit during the period; is the start-stop cost coefficient of the ammonia-blended coal-fired power unit ; The carbon capture cost includes the daily depreciation cost , the solution loss cost of the absorption tower , and the carbon sequestration cost , as shown in the following formula (21): (21); , are the investment cost and service life of the carbon capture device respectively; , , are the total cost, volume and service life of the solution storage tank respectively; is the capital cost of the carbon capture device; , are the economic coefficient and solvent loss coefficient of the ethanolamine solvent for absorbing CO2 respectively; is the carbon sequestration cost; The cost of V2G includes the various costs generated when EVs and HVs participate in the V2G process, involving the battery degradation cost and the incentive cost , as shown in the following formula (22): (22); is t the incentive cost coefficient during the period; is the battery cycle life; is the depth of discharge of the battery, which is the ratio of the battery discharge capacity to the maximum battery capacity; a and b are curve fitting parameters; is the total discharge of the battery; is the battery capacity; The hydrogen energy part and the ammonia production part need to calculate the operation and maintenance cost per unit power, as shown in the following formula (23): (23); is the price coefficient of the equipment y ; is the power of the equipment y ; is the total number of equipment.

[0025] Step 105, create the constraints of the integrated electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy system. Under the conditions that meet the constraints, call the Gurobi solver to obtain the scheduling rules of the integrated electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy system that satisfy the objective function.

[0026] The creation of the constraints of the integrated electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy system includes: The energy balance mainly includes the supply-demand balance of electricity, heat, cold and hydrogen, as shown in the following formula (24): (24); is the energy consumption of the ice storage air conditioner at time t; , , They are the electrical load, thermal load, and cooling load of the IES system, respectively; , , , They are the hydrogen charging power, hydrogen discharging power, hydrogen power required for ammonia synthesis in the ammonia plant, and hydrogen power consumed by hydrogen-blended CHP of the HST at time t, respectively; Constraints are imposed on the power storage capacity and hydrogen storage capacity for the operation of EVs and HVs, as shown in the following formula (25): (25); , They are the minimum and maximum values of the power storage capacity of EVs, respectively; , They are the minimum and maximum values of the hydrogen storage capacity of HVs, respectively.

[0027] In this embodiment, mathematical models of each unit of the integrated electrical-hydrogen-ammonia energy system are established; the Monte Carlo method is used to generate travel characteristic data of electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles, and a charging and discharging model of vehicle-to-grid technology for electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles is constructed; according to the carbon emissions of thermal power units with carbon capture devices and hydrogen-blended gas turbines, carbon emission intervals are divided, and the ladder carbon trading cost is calculated; based on the mathematical models of each unit, the charging and discharging model of vehicle-to-grid technology, and the ladder carbon trading cost, an objective function for minimizing the total operating cost of the integrated electrical-hydrogen-ammonia energy system is obtained; constraint conditions of the integrated electrical-hydrogen-ammonia energy system are created, and under the condition of meeting the constraint conditions, the Gurobi solver is called to obtain the scheduling rules of the integrated electrical-hydrogen-ammonia energy system that meet the objective function, which can optimize the operation of the integrated electrical-hydrogen-ammonia energy system, improve the new energy consumption rate, reduce carbon emissions, and at the same time enhance the economy and low carbon of the system.

[0028] The present invention is described below through some specific examples.

[0029] Example design: Four different operating scenarios are constructed for comparative analysis: First, without considering the ammonia production part, the thermal power unit does not burn ammonia, the vehicle does not participate in V2G scheduling, and the ice storage air conditioner cools, stores ice, and melts ice throughout the day; Second, considering the ammonia production part, the thermal power unit burns ammonia, the vehicle does not participate in V2G scheduling, and the ice storage air conditioner cools, stores ice, and melts ice throughout the day; Third, considering the ammonia production part, the thermal power unit burns ammonia, the vehicle participates in V2G scheduling, and the ice storage air conditioner cools, stores ice, and melts ice throughout the day; Fourth, considering the ammonia production part, the thermal power unit burns ammonia, the vehicle participates in V2G scheduling, the ice storage air conditioner cools throughout the day, stores ice during the low load period, and melts ice during the high load period. Table 1 shows the IES simulation results under different scenarios.

[0030] Table 1

[0031] Analysis of IES Dispatching Optimization Results: Table 1 shows the costs of each part of the IES under different scenarios. In Scenario 2, the ammonia production part is added to accommodate more wind power. Compared with Scenario 1, the wind power accommodation rate increases by 6.88%. During the peak period of wind power generation at night, the electrolyzers can operate at full load to produce more hydrogen, which is synthesized with ammonia in the ammonia production part. Ammonia can replace a certain amount of coal for combustion in thermal power units. At the same coal consumption, the ammonia-doped combustion of thermal power units can provide more output. The process of synthesizing ammonia can release a certain amount of heat, reducing the pressure of hydrogen-doped gas turbine heating. As a result, the natural gas cost in Scenario 2 decreases by 2.4% compared with Scenario 1. When thermal power units perform ammonia-doped combustion, at the same output, both coal consumption and the actual carbon dioxide emissions of thermal power units are reduced. Correspondingly, the operating energy consumption of the carbon capture device decreases. Therefore, the carbon capture cost and the operating cost of thermal power units in Scenario 2 decrease by 1.3% and 1.6% respectively compared with Scenario 1. Although the ammonia production part increases the corresponding maintenance cost, it reduces the total cost of IES by 10.3%, making the IES system more economical. In Scenario 3, the V2G dispatching of EVs and HVs clusters is added, discharging during the peak period of electrical load and charging during the peak period of wind power generation at night. Compared with Scenario 2, the operating cost of thermal power units, gas purchase cost, and equipment operating cost in Scenario 3 decrease by 1.9%, 1.2%, and 0.1% respectively. It reduces the utilization of fossil fuels by thermal power units and gas turbines. Moreover, the EVs cluster can absorb more wind power after discharging and charging, making the curtailment cost of wind power zero. The HVs cluster actively consumes the hydrogen produced by the electrolyzers, making the utilization of hydrogen energy more diversified and maximizing the economic benefits of hydrogen. As a result, the total cost of IES decreases by 2.1% compared with Scenario 2. In Scenario 4, the ice-making and ice-melting periods are restricted. Ice-making is selected during the period when wind power output is large, reducing the possibility of ice-making during the peak period of electrical load. Ice-melting is carried out during the peak periods of electrical and cooling loads, replacing the cooling load demand supplied by refrigeration with the cooling load provided by ice-melting, reducing the situation of peak-on-peak, and reducing the output of thermal power units to supply the refrigeration power. The total cost of IES decreases by 0.9% compared with Scenario 3. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the predicted curves of wind power, electrical, thermal, and cooling loads of the integrated electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy system based on V2G provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Analysis of the working mode of ice storage air conditioning, as shown in the appendix Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown in the figure. The comparison of the cold load balance scheduling results between Scenario 3 and Scenario 4. In Scenario 3, the ice storage period is not restricted, which directly affects the ice storage volume and ice melting volume. The ice storage state and ice melting state of the ice storage air-conditioning are mutually exclusive. Ice storage is selected during the peak electricity load period from 19:00 to 20:00, resulting in an increase in the load peak, which requires higher output from thermal power units and gas turbines, and the corresponding cost also increases. Ice melting occurs during the low load periods from 4:00 to 5:00 and 7:00. At this time, the wind power is strong and can completely supply the cold load through refrigeration. Ice storage is carried out using thermal power and gas turbines during the peak load period, and ice melting during the high wind power output period causes waste of resources. In Scenario 4, the ice melting periods are concentrated in the peak electricity load periods from 10:00 to 14:00 and 18:00 to 20:00, which coincide with the peak cold load period from 10:00 to 14:00. Melting ice during these periods reduces the output of thermal power and gas turbines to supply the cold load demand, avoiding the situation of adding peaks to the electricity load due to supplying the cold load. Ice storage is carried out using wind power during the low load period, reducing the cost of ice storage during the peak load period. Planning the ice storage and ice melting periods according to the load situation can achieve the maximum benefit. The IES cost of Scenario 4 decreased by 0.9% compared to the total cost of Scenario 3.

[0033] Analysis of the cluster scheduling results of EVs and HVs, as Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown. In Figure 8 , V2G participation is not involved in Scenario 2. The wind power is completely consumed during the peak electricity load period from 18:00 to 20:00. Thermal power units and gas turbines bear part of the electricity load. During the low electricity load period from 23:00 to 04:00, the wind power is not completely consumed, resulting in waste of renewable resources. Similar to Scenario 2, Scenario 3 completely consumes the wind power during the peak electricity load period. However, under the same load, the output of thermal power units and gas turbines in Scenario 3 is less than that in Scenario 2, which is beneficial to reducing the operating cost of thermal power units and the gas purchase cost, and further reducing coal consumption. At the same time, the EVs cluster discharges through V2G, and the charging volume increases compared to when not participating in V2G. The EVs cluster charges during the peak wind power output period from 23:00 to 04:00 to meet the increased charging power. This not only consumes the wind power during the low electricity load period but also reduces the use of fossil fuels by the IES and lowers the IES cost.

[0034] From Figure 6As can be seen, during the wind power surplus period from 23:00 to 04:00, the EVs cluster absorbs wind power with a maximum charging power of 20 MW. At the same time, the electrolyzer produces hydrogen at full load of 200 MW, converting green electricity into green hydrogen to supply the HVs cluster. During the peak electricity load period from 18:00 to 20:00, the EVs and HVs clusters jointly discharge, with a maximum power output of 22.7 MW per hour, accounting for 4.7% of the peak electricity load. The energy comes from the conversion of night-time wind power, realizing the spatio-temporal reuse of clean energy. The application of V2G technology significantly optimizes the dynamic balance of the power system through the flexible two-way regulation of electric vehicle batteries. This flexible regulation mechanism forms the migration of energy, reducing the pressure of thermal power peak regulation by 9.6% and simultaneously driving the wind power curtailment rate down to 0%. More importantly, the HVs cluster constructs a two-way flow channel for electric energy and hydrogen energy through V2G technology, and the fuel cells of the HVs cluster convert hydrogen energy into electric energy with a conversion efficiency of 60%. During sudden load fluctuations, 50 hydrogen-powered heavy trucks can provide 39 MW of inertia support, and the coordinated operation with the ammonia production and hydrogen production parts ensures the full utilization of hydrogen resources. Through the flexible scheduling of the EVs cluster and the HVs cluster, the comprehensive operation cost of this model is reduced by 2.4% compared with Scenario 2, verifying the qualitative change of V2G technology from the "load terminal" to the "system hub", and providing a solution with both economy and resilience for a high-proportion new energy power system.

[0035] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] As Figure 9 shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 910, a communication interface 920, a memory 930, and a communication bus 940. Among them, the processor 910, the communication interface 920, and the memory 930 complete communication with each other through the communication bus 940. The processor 910 can call the logical instructions in the memory 930 to execute the scheduling method of the integrated electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy system based on V2G.

[0037] In addition, when the logical instructions in the above-mentioned memory 930 are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0038] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the V2G-based integrated power-hydrogen-ammonia energy system scheduling method provided by the above-mentioned various methods.

[0039] On another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it is implemented to execute the V2G-based integrated power-hydrogen-ammonia energy system scheduling method provided by the above-mentioned various methods.

[0040] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative labor.

[0041] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disc, etc., and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A scheduling method for an integrated electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy system based on V2G, characterized in that, Including: Establishing the mathematical models of each unit in the integrated power-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia energy system; among them, each of the unit mathematical models includes a hydrogen energy unit model, an ammonia production unit model, an ammonia-doped combustion thermal power unit model, a carbon capture device model, and an ice storage air-conditioning model; Using the Monte Carlo method to generate the travel characteristic data of electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles, and constructing the vehicle-to-grid technology charging and discharging models for electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles; Dividing the carbon emission intervals according to the carbon emissions of the thermal power unit with a carbon capture device and the hydrogen-doped gas turbine, and calculating the ladder carbon trading cost; Based on each of the unit mathematical models, the vehicle-to-grid technology charging and discharging models, and the ladder carbon trading cost, obtaining the objective function for minimizing the total operating cost of the integrated power-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia energy system; Creating the constraint conditions of the integrated power-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia energy system, and under the condition of meeting the constraint conditions, calling the Gurobi solver to obtain the dispatching rules of the integrated power-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia energy system that satisfy the objective function.

2. The scheduling method of the V2G-based integrated electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy system according to claim 1, wherein The hydrogen energy unit model includes a proton exchange membrane model unit, an HST model unit, and a hydrogen-doped CHP model unit; Among them, the proton exchange membrane model unit is shown by the following formula: ； , are the energy consumption of EL and the H2 power generated by EL during the t period, respectively; is the energy conversion efficiency of EL; , are the upper and lower limits of the EL energy consumption, respectively; The HST model unit is shown by the following formula: ； is the H2 capacity in the HST during period t; and are the minimum and maximum values of the HST capacity respectively; is the hydrogen charging power of the HST during period t; is the hydrogen charging status flag of the HST; is the maximum hydrogen charging power; is t the hydrogen discharging power of the HST during period is the maximum hydrogen discharging power; is the hydrogen discharging status flag of the HST; is t the H2 capacity in the HST during period t - 1; and are the hydrogen charging efficiency and hydrogen discharging efficiency of the HST respectively; The hydrogen-doped CHP model unit is shown by the following formula: ； is t the hydrogen blending ratio of the CHP during the period; is t the hydrogen power input to the combined heat and power (CHP) from the upper gas network during the period; is t the natural gas power input to the combined heat and power (CHP) from the upper gas network during the period; and are the lower calorific values of H2 and CH4 respectively; is the mixed calorific value of H2 and CH4; and and are respectively t the input power, output electric power, and output heat power of the hydrogen-blended CHP during the period; and are the electric efficiency and heat efficiency of the CHP respectively; and are respectively the maximum and minimum values of the thermoelectric adjustable ratio of the hydrogen-blended CHP.

3. The scheduling method of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G according to claim 2, wherein, The ammonia production unit model is shown by the following formula: ； For t the overall energy consumption of the time-period ammonia production unit; For t the energy consumption of the time-period ammonia production plant; For t the electric energy consumed by the time-period pressure swing adsorption; and are respectively t the mass of ammonia gas and nitrogen gas produced in the time period; and are respectively the unit energy consumption of the ammonia production plant and the PSA preparation device; For t the heat generated per unit of ammonia gas produced in the time period; is the heat release efficiency of the ammonia production plant; is the heat generated per unit of ammonia gas during the ammonia production process in the ammonia production plant; The ammonia-doped combustion thermal power unit model is shown by the following formula: ； is a thermal power unit, is t the coal consumption of the thermal power unit with ammonia injection during the period; is t the output electric energy of the thermal power unit with ammonia injection during the period; , , are respectively the coal consumption coefficients of the thermal power unit during the period; , are respectively the lower calorific values of ammonia and coal; is t the ammonia injection ratio of the thermal power unit with ammonia injection during , are respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the energy consumption of the thermal power unit during the period; , are respectively the minimum ramp-up power and the maximum ramp-up power of the thermal power unit; is t-1 the output electric energy of the thermal power unit with ammonia injection during the period; The carbon capture device model is shown by the following formula: ； , , , are respectively t CO2 generated by the ammonia-blended thermal power unit during a certain period, CO2 supplied by the solution storage tank, CO2 absorbed by the regeneration tower of the carbon capture device of the thermal power unit, and CO2 actually captured by the regeneration tower; is the carbon emission rate of the thermal power unit; is the amount of CO2 released per unit of coal; is the flue gas split ratio; , are respectively the absorption efficiency of the CCS absorption tower and the energy consumption for capturing unit CO2; , is the maximum operating state coefficient of the regeneration tower and the compressor in the carbon capture device; , , , are respectively t the fixed energy consumption, operating energy consumption, and net output of the carbon capture device of the thermal power unit during a certain period; is the regeneration rate of the regeneration tower; ​ The ice storage air-conditioning model is shown by the following formula: ； Where: , , are respectively t the refrigeration power, ice storage power, and ice melting cooling power of the time-of-use ice storage air conditioner; , , are respectively t the refrigeration flag bit, ice storage flag bit, and ice melting flag bit of the time-of-use ice storage air conditioner; , are respectively t the minimum and maximum values of the refrigeration power of the time-of-use ice storage air conditioner; is t the maximum value of the ice melting cooling power of the time-of-use ice storage air conditioner; , are respectively t, t - 1 the ice volume stored in the time-of-use ice storage tank; , , are respectively the self-loss rate, ice storage rate, and ice melting rate of the ice storage tank.

4. The scheduling method of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G according to claim 1, wherein The travel characteristic data follows a normal distribution at the grid connection time and the grid disconnection time, and the formula is as follows: ； ； and are the probability density functions of the travel characteristics of an electric vehicle or a hydrogen vehicle at the grid connection moment and the grid disconnection moment ; and are the mathematical expectations of the grid connection moment and the grid disconnection moment respectively; and are the standard deviations of the grid connection moment and the grid disconnection moment respectively; The driving mileage follows a lognormal distribution, and its probability density function is as follows: ； is the mathematical variance, representing the degree of dispersion of the driving mileage; is the mathematical expectation, representing the average value or expected value of the driving mileage; is the driving mileage, is the probability distribution of the driving mileage.

5. The scheduling method of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G according to claim 4, wherein, The travel characteristic data also includes: The initial state of charge of EVs and HVs at the grid disconnection time follows a uniform distribution, and its probability distribution function is as follows: ； Among them, is the vehicle type; is the initial state of charge of the vehicle of type at the off-grid moment; is the maximum capacity of the battery of the vehicle of type the probability distribution function of the initial state of charge of EVs or HVs at the off-grid moment; The initial charge capacity model of EVs and HVs at the grid connection time is as follows: ； is the initial state of charge at the grid connection moment of EVs and HVs; is the energy consumption per unit driving distance of is the driving distance of type vehicles; The vehicle-to-grid technology charging and discharging models include an electric vehicle model unit and an HVs model unit; Among them, the electric vehicle model unit is shown by the following formula: ； i is an electric vehicle, is the total number of electric vehicles; , , , are respectively the charging power, discharging power, charging flag bit, and discharging flag bit of the electric vehicle i during the t time period; , are respectively the maximum charging power and maximum discharging power of the EVs; , are respectively the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of the EVs; is the number of EVs participating in the dispatching; , are respectively the sum of the charging power and the sum of the discharging power of the electric vehicle cluster during the t time period; is the initial charge state of electric vehicle i at time t - 1.

6. The scheduling method of the V2G-based integrated electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy system according to claim 5, wherein The HVs model unit is shown by the following formula: ； is a hydrogen vehicle, is the total number of hydrogen vehicles; , , , are respectively the hydrogen charging amount, hydrogen discharging amount, hydrogen amount stored in the hydrogen storage tank, and discharging power of the hydrogen vehicle during t time period; , are respectively the hydrogen charging efficiency and hydrogen discharging efficiency of HVs; is the number of HVs participating in the dispatching; is the sum of the discharging powers of the hydrogen vehicle cluster t during is the hydrogen amount stored in the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen vehicle during t-1 time period.

7. The dispatching method of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G according to claim 1, characterized in that Dividing the carbon emission intervals according to the carbon emissions of the thermal power unit with a carbon capture device and the hydrogen-doped gas turbine, and calculating the ladder carbon trading cost, including: The IES carbon quota index is provided by the thermal power unit with a carbon capture device and the hydrogen-doped gas turbine, and the formula is as follows: ； is a gas turbine; , , are the carbon quotas of IES, CHP, and TPU respectively; , are the carbon quota coefficients of CHP and TPU respectively; is the gas turbine output power at time period t; is the heat input power of combined heat and power at time period t; T is the total number of time periods; is the electrical input power of combined heat and power at time period t; E is the total number of gas turbines; The actual carbon emissions of the IES are as follows: ； , , are the carbon emissions of IES, CHP, and TPU respectively; , are the carbon content of methane per unit calorific value and the carbon oxidation rate of methane respectively, is the thermoelectric ratio of the gas turbine; is the thermal power unit of the carbon dioxide emissions during period t; is the amount of carbon dioxide that can be captured by the carbon capture device; is the number of thermal power units; The ladder carbon trading is as follows: ； , , , are respectively the carbon trading base price, compensation coefficient, penalty coefficient, and carbon emission interval length; is the stepped carbon trading cost.

8. The dispatching method of the electric-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system based on V2G according to claim 1, wherein Based on each of the unit mathematical models, the vehicle-to-grid technology charging and discharging models, and the ladder carbon trading cost, obtaining the objective function for minimizing the total operating cost of the integrated power-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia energy system, including: ； , , , , are the energy procurement cost, the operating cost of coal-fired power generation units with ammonia blending combustion, the carbon capture cost, the costs of EVs and HVs, and the equipment operating cost respectively.

9. The scheduling method of the V2G-based integrated electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The energy procurement cost is as follows: ； , , are respectively the gas purchase price of the superior gas network, the price coefficient of wind turbine power generation, and the price coefficient of abandoned wind power; , , , are respectively t the gas transmission power of the superior power grid, the actual power generation of the wind turbine, the abandoned wind power, and the predicted power generation of the wind turbine during the period; The operating cost of a coal-fired power unit with ammonia combustion includes the coal purchase cost and the start-up and shutdown costs , as shown in the following formula: ； is the unit price of coal; is t the start-stop flag quantity of the ammonia-blended thermal power unit during the period; is the start-stop cost coefficient of the ammonia-blended thermal power unit ; Carbon capture cost Including daily depreciation cost , solution loss cost of the absorption tower , carbon sequestration cost , as shown in the following formula: ； , are the investment cost and service life of the carbon capture device respectively; , , are the total cost, volume and service life of the solution storage tank respectively; is the capital cost of the carbon capture device; , are the economic coefficient and solvent loss coefficient of the ethanolamine solvent for absorbing CO2 respectively; is the carbon sequestration cost; Cost of V2G It includes various costs incurred during the participation of EVs and HVs in the V2G process, involving the cost of battery degradation and the incentive cost , as shown in the following formula: ； is t the incentive cost coefficient for the time period; is the battery cycle life; is the depth of discharge of the battery, which is the ratio of the battery discharge capacity to the maximum battery capacity; a and b are curve fitting parameters; is the total discharge amount of the battery; is the battery capacity; The operation and maintenance costs per unit power need to be calculated for the hydrogen energy part and the ammonia production part, and the formula is as follows: ； is the price coefficient of the device y ; is the power of the device y .

10. The scheduling method of the V2G-based integrated electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy system according to claim 1, wherein, The creating of the constraint conditions of the integrated power-to-hydrogen-to-ammonia energy system includes: The energy balance includes the supply-demand balance of electricity, heat, cold, and hydrogen, and the formula is as follows: ； is the energy consumption of the ice storage air conditioner during period t; , , are the electric load, heat load, and cooling load of the IES system, respectively; , , , are the hydrogen charging power, hydrogen discharging power, hydrogen power required for ammonia synthesis in the ammonia plant, and hydrogen power consumed by the hydrogen-doped CHP during period t, respectively; Imposing restrictions on the power storage capacity and hydrogen storage capacity used for the operation of EVs and HVs, and the formula is as follows: ； , are respectively the minimum and maximum values of the power storage capacity of EVs; , are respectively the minimum and maximum values of the hydrogen storage capacity of HVs.

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