Graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system

Abstract

The invention provides a graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system. The graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system comprises a top layer pattern, a dielectric substrate and a grounding layer, the top layer pattern comprises butterfly-shaped patches which are arranged periodically, each butterfly-shaped patch is loaded with a PIN diode, the butterfly-shaped patches are arranged in the preset direction of the x axis, and the top layer pattern is symmetrical about the x axis and the y axis; a direct current bias line is arranged on the top layer pattern and is used for providing voltage control for the PIN diode; the dielectric substrate is made of a low-loss F4B material with a certain thickness; the radiation structure of the top layer pattern and the grounding layer are both prepared from a high-conductivity and high-thermal-conductivity macroscopic graphene film, the high conductivity of the macroscopic graphene film provides excellent electrical performance for the metasurface system, and the high thermal conductivity provides an effective means for rapid heat dissipation of the active metasurface system. Therefore, the performance stability and the service life of the active system are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of metasurface antennas, and in particular, to a graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of fields such as wireless communication, radar detection, and satellite navigation, the demand for dynamic regulation of electromagnetic wavefronts has become increasingly urgent. As an emerging artificial electromagnetic metasurface, active polarization reconfigurable electromagnetic metasurfaces can realize dynamic switching of the polarization state of reflected waves by real-time regulating the equivalent electromagnetic parameters of unit structures, providing a new path to break through the functional limitations of traditional metasurfaces. However, when the operating frequency extends to the millimeter-wave band and the system power density increases, such devices face the problem of multi-physical field coupling of "heat-electricity-structure": on the one hand, under dense integration and high-power operation, the thermal accumulation caused by the Joule loss of semiconductor devices and conductor loss will lead to performance degradation such as resonance frequency shift and polarization conversion efficiency decline; on the other hand, the traditional separate heat dissipation design will cause the system volume to expand, forming a fundamental contradiction with the sub-wavelength unit size required by the metasurface, which becomes the key bottleneck restricting the development of highly reliable active metasurfaces. Among the existing solutions, although optimizing semiconductor devices can reduce conduction losses, the material cost is high and the processing technology is complex; the passive heat dissipation scheme based on the microchannel-embedded substrate will introduce additional radio frequency signal attenuation, restricting the unit arrangement density. Therefore, developing a graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system, which can effectively overcome the defects in the above-related technologies, has become an urgent technical problem in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system.

[0004] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present invention provide a graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system, including: a top layer pattern, a dielectric substrate, and a ground layer; the top layer pattern includes periodically arranged butterfly patches, and each butterfly patch is loaded with a PIN diode. The butterfly patches are arranged along a predetermined direction of the x-axis, and the top layer pattern is symmetric about the x-axis and the y-axis; a DC bias line is provided on the top layer pattern for providing voltage control to the PIN diode; the dielectric substrate is made of a low-loss RF4, F4B, PDMS, or PTFE material with a predetermined thickness, and is provided with a predetermined relative permittivity and a predetermined loss tangent; both the radiation structure of the top layer pattern and the ground layer are prepared from macroscopic graphene films.

[0005] Based on the above device embodiment content, in the graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the butterfly patches are arranged along the ±45° direction of the x-axis, and are used to realize the polarization regulation of the incident electromagnetic wave.

[0006] Based on the above device embodiment content, in the graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the two DC bias lines are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the top layer pattern. By providing a voltage control with a predetermined accuracy for the PIN diode, it is ensured that the PIN diode enables the metasurface to be in a switching state at a predetermined frequency.

[0007] Based on the above device embodiment content, in the graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined thickness h of the dielectric substrate is 4 mm, the relative dielectric constant εr is 2.2, and the loss tangent tanδ is 0.0015. These parameters ensure the stability of the graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system when operating at a predetermined frequency.

[0008] Based on the above device embodiment content, in the graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the material of the radiation structure of the top layer pattern is a macroscopic graphene film, and the periodically arranged butterfly patches and DC bias lines are formed by laser engraving, etching or printing.

[0009] Based on the above device embodiment content, in the graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the material of the ground layer is a macroscopic graphene film, which together with the radiation structure of the top layer pattern constitutes an electromagnetic reflection structure, forming a polarization conversion functional unit.

[0010] Based on the above device embodiment content, in the graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the on-off state of the PIN diode is controlled by the voltage of the DC bias line. By forward biasing or reverse biasing, dynamic conversion between linearly polarized waves and cross-polarized waves or left-handed circularly polarized waves is realized in multiple frequency bands.

[0011] Based on the above device embodiment content, in the graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the macroscopic graphene film can conduct the Joule heat generated during the operation of the PIN diode to the surrounding environment, reduce the temperature drift of the PIN diode, and ensure that the polarization conversion efficiency and resonance frequency are within a predetermined range.

[0012] Based on the content of the above device embodiments, the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, with the three-layer structure of the top layer pattern, dielectric substrate, and ground layer, integrates the electromagnetic radiation function and the heat dissipation function, avoiding the volume expansion of the system.

[0013] Based on the content of the above device embodiments, the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, when the graphene-based metasurface operates at a predetermined power for a predetermined duration, suppresses the changes in the equivalent resistance, inductance, and capacitance of the PIN diode caused by temperature rise, ensuring the stability of the performance of the active metasurface system.

[0014] The graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention prepares the metasurface through a macroscopic graphene film, realizes the dynamic switching of various polarization states such as linear polarization waves to cross-polarization waves and left-handed circular polarization waves within a wide frequency band, meeting the requirements of complex electromagnetic environment regulation; utilizes the high thermal conductivity of graphene to quickly dissipate the working heat of the PIN diode, avoiding performance degradation caused by temperature drift, and improving the system stability; the radiation cooling integrated design solves the volume contradiction of traditional separate heat dissipation, and can be extended to intelligent devices such as beam scanning antennas, providing low loss and high reliability support for fields such as 6G networks and quantum radars. Description of the Drawings

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the polarization conversion function of the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the co-polarization reflection coefficient and cross-polarization isolation coefficient in the off / on state of the PIN diode provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the comparison effect between the graphene metasurface and the copper metasurface provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5Schematic diagram of the comparison effect between the experimental and simulation results provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the comparison effect of the thermal performance between the graphene metal surface and the copper metal surface provided by the embodiments of the present invention after applying a voltage of 5V for 1 hour;

[0022] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the comparison effect between the experimental and simulation results of the metasurface after applying a voltage to the PIN diode for 1 hour provided by the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, rather than all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the technical features in each embodiment or a single embodiment provided by the present invention can be combined with each other arbitrarily to form a feasible technical solution. This kind of combination is not restricted by the order of steps and / or the pattern of structural composition, but must be based on the fact that it can be realized by a person of ordinary skill in the art. When the combination of the technical solutions appears to be contradictory or unable to be realized, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present invention.

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention provide a graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system. Refer to Figure 1 , the device includes: a top layer pattern, a dielectric substrate, and a ground layer; the top layer pattern includes periodically arranged butterfly patches, and each butterfly patch is loaded with a PIN diode. The butterfly patches are arranged along a predetermined direction of the x-axis, and the top layer pattern is symmetric about the x-axis and the y-axis; a DC bias line is provided on the top layer pattern for providing voltage control for the PIN diodes; the dielectric substrate is made of a low-loss RF4, F4B, PDMS, or PTFE material with a predetermined thickness, and a predetermined relative permittivity and a predetermined loss tangent are set; both the radiation structure of the top layer pattern and the ground layer are prepared from a macroscopic graphene film.

[0025] The top layer uses periodically arranged butterfly patches, and each patch is loaded with a PIN diode. Its unique butterfly structure is arranged along the x-axis at ±45° to achieve polarization control. Its structure is symmetric about the x-axis and y-axis, aiming to ensure the same electromagnetic characteristics for incident waves polarized along the x-axis at -45°. Two DC bias lines are designed above and below the top layer to provide precise voltage control for the PIN diodes and ensure the stability of the switching state. The dielectric substrate is made of low-loss F4B material with a thickness of h, relative permittivity εr, and loss tangent tanδ to ensure high-frequency stability. Both the top-layer radiation structure and the bottom-layer ground plane are fabricated using macroscopic graphene films.

[0026] See Figure 2 , based on the above embodiments, in the graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the butterfly patches are arranged along the x-axis at ±45° for realizing polarization control of incident electromagnetic waves.

[0027] See Figure 3 , based on the above embodiments, in the graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the two DC bias lines are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the top-layer pattern. By providing a predetermined precision voltage control for the PIN diodes, it is ensured that the PIN diodes enable the metasurface to be in the switching state at a predetermined frequency.

[0028] As Figure 2 shown, the proposed structure is a reflective polarization reconfigurable metasurface with polarization conversion function. The reflection coefficient of its incident wave polarized in the -45° direction is simulated. The polarization angle Phi is set to -45°. The co-polarization reflection coefficient and cross-polarization single-set coefficient in the off / on state of the PIN diode are as Figure 3as shown in part (c) (the co-polarization reflection coefficient, cross-polarization reflection coefficient, and phase difference of the linearly polarized wave incident in the -45° direction when the PIN diode is reverse-biased) and part (d) (the co-polarization reflection coefficient, cross-polarization reflection coefficient, and phase difference of the linearly polarized wave incident with -45° polarization when the PIN diode is forward-biased). When the PIN diode is forward-biased, the linearly polarized wave incident with -45° polarization undergoes polarization conversion in three operating frequency bands: in the frequency bands of 5.73 - 6.15 GHz and 11.25 - 13.1 GHz, the incident wave is converted into a cross-polarization reflected wave; in the frequency band of 6.27 - 10.18 GHz, the incident wave is converted into a left-handed circularly polarized reflected wave. When the PIN diode is reverse-biased, the metasurface undergoes polarization conversion in four frequency bands: cross-polarization conversion occurs in the frequency bands of 5.75 - 7.32 GHz and 12.83 - 14.24 GHz, in the frequency band of 7.92 - 10.15 GHz, the incident wave is totally reflected and the polarization state remains unchanged, and line-to-left-handed circular polarization conversion occurs in the frequency band of 11.5 - 12.14 GHz. This multifunctional polarization reconfigurability enables dynamic polarization regulation by applying forward and reverse bias voltages to the PIN diode, covering both linear polarization and circular polarization conversion simultaneously within a wide frequency band.

[0029] See Figure 1 , based on the above embodiments, in the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the predetermined thickness h of the dielectric substrate is 4 mm, the relative permittivity εr is 2.2, and the loss tangent tanδ is 0.0015, ensuring the stability of the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system when operating at a predetermined frequency.

[0030] See Figure 4 , based on the above embodiments, in the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the material of the radiation structure of the top layer pattern is a macroscopic graphene film, and the periodically arranged butterfly patches and DC bias lines are formed by laser engraving, etching, or printing. The graphene metasurface part (e) is prepared by laser engraving method, and a copper metasurface with the same structure is processed as a comparison sample part (f), as Figure 4 shown.

[0031] Subsequently, the metasurface is tested and analyzed, as Figure 5As shown, where part (g) is the polarization conversion efficiency in the off state of the PIN diode, part (h) is the polarization conversion efficiency in the on state of the PIN diode, part (i) is the axial ratio in the off state of the PIN diode, and part (j) is the axial ratio in the on state of the PIN diode. The black solid line represents the simulation results, the pink dashed line represents the measured results of the metasurface made of base graphene, the blue dashed line represents the measured results of the metasurface made of copper foil, and the gray shaded area represents the cross-polarization conversion frequency band with a simulated polarization conversion efficiency > 90% and the operating frequency band with a simulated axial ratio < 3 dB. The pink shaded area represents the co-polarization total reflection frequency band. The comparison of the test results shows that the measured and simulated results of the metasurfaces made of graphene and copper are in good agreement in the frequency band with a polarization conversion efficiency > 90% and an axial ratio < 3 dB, indicating that graphene can replace copper in terms of electromagnetic properties to make metasurfaces.

[0032] See Figure 4 , based on the above embodiments, in the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the material of the grounding layer is a macroscopic graphene film, which together with the radiation structure of the top layer pattern forms an electromagnetic reflection structure to form a polarization conversion functional unit.

[0033] See Figure 4 , based on the above embodiments, in the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the on / off state of the PIN diode is controlled by the voltage of the DC bias line, and through forward bias or reverse bias, dynamic conversion between linear polarized waves and cross-polarized waves or left-handed circular polarized waves is achieved in multiple frequency bands.

[0034] See Figure 4 , based on the above embodiments, in the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the macroscopic graphene film can conduct the Joule heat generated during the operation of the PIN diode to the surrounding environment, reduce the temperature drift of the PIN diode, and ensure that the polarization conversion efficiency and the resonance frequency are within a predetermined range.

[0035] The core of the proposed metasurface to achieve polarization reconfigurability is to dynamically control the polarization state of electromagnetic waves through the on-off state of PIN diodes. When this active device is forward-biased and carrying radio frequency signals simultaneously, it consumes electrical energy, and its internal resistance will convert part of the input power into heat; at the same time, the PIN diode will generate dynamic losses when switching the switch state, which will also cause its temperature to rise. When the metasurface integrated with multiple active devices is in a high-power working state, the energy loss of each unit increases, resulting in a local temperature rise. Due to the temperature sensitivity of the PIN diode, it affects the temperature drift of the PIN diode, causing changes in the equivalent resistance, inductance, and capacitance of the PIN diode, and further leading to a weakening of the polarization conversion efficiency of the metasurface and an offset of the resonant frequency.

[0036] See Figure 6 , on the basis of the above embodiments, the graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the three-layer structure of the top layer pattern, dielectric substrate and ground layer integrates the electromagnetic radiation function and the heat dissipation function, avoiding an increase in the system volume.

[0037] To prove that the graphene-based metasurface has good comprehensive electromagnetic radiation and heat dissipation capabilities, here, the copper-based and graphene-based metasurfaces under a 5V positive feed constant voltage provided by a DC regulated power supply of model KEYSIGHT B2901 are taken as the research objects and observed using an infrared thermal imager. The pixels of this infrared thermal imager are 640×512, the temperature test range is -20°C to 60°C, and the accuracy is 2%. During the test, keep the thermal imaging camera parallel to the metasurface and maintain a distance of 25 mm from it. The thermal imager shows the temperature distribution and the central temperature of the image. At the same time, the cross-polarization conversion efficiency and the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth of the two during long-term operation are tested through a vector network analyzer.

[0038] Figure 6Shows the surface temperatures of the metasurface made of copper and graphene at the initial stage of operation and at the working time of t = 1 h. Among them, (k) shows the infrared imaging of the graphene-based metasurface under short-term applied voltage, (L) shows the infrared imaging of the copper-based metasurface under short-term applied voltage, (m) shows the infrared imaging of the graphene-based metasurface under long-term applied voltage, and (n) shows the infrared imaging of the copper-based metasurface under long-term applied voltage. The surface temperatures of the copper-based metasurface and the graphene-based metasurface are relatively low at the initial stage of operation, both about 12.9 °C, and there is no obvious temperature drift effect in the PIN diode. When the power supply is continuously turned on for 1 h, the surface temperature of the graphene-based metasurface is 21.3 °C, while the surface temperature of the PRMS made of copper reaches 55.5 °C, which is 34.2 °C higher than the surface temperature of the graphene-based metasurface. This shows that the graphene-based metasurface with a thermal conductivity 3.6 times that of copper has better heat dissipation ability, and the joule heat generated by the PIN diode is better transmitted to the surrounding environment through the graphene structure.

[0039] See Figure 7 , on the basis of the above embodiments, in the graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the thermal conductivity of the macroscopic graphene film is 5300 watts per meter per degree, and when the graphene-based metasurface operates at a predetermined power for a predetermined duration, it suppresses the changes in the equivalent resistance, inductance, and capacitance of the PIN diode caused by temperature rise, ensuring the stability of the performance of the active metasurface system.

[0040] Figure 7Shows the polarization conversion efficiency and axial ratio measured by a vector network analyzer for a copper-based metasurface and a graphene-based metasurface at the working time of 1 h in the off state and on state of the PIN diode. Among them, part (o) is the polarization conversion efficiency in the off state of the PIN diode, part (p) is the polarization conversion efficiency in the on state of the PIN diode, part (q) is the axial ratio in the off state of the PIN diode, and part (r) is the axial ratio in the on state of the PIN diode. In the off state of the PIN diode, the bandwidth of the measured polarization conversion efficiency >90% of the copper-based metasurface is 5.8 GHz - 6 GHz and 11.1 GHz - 12.85 GHz, and the left-handed circular polarization bandwidth is 11.45 - 11.8 GHz; in the on state of the PIN diode, the bandwidth of the measured polarization conversion efficiency >90% of the copper-based metasurface is 6 - 7 GHz and 12.4 - 13.2 GHz, and the axial ratio <3 dB bandwidth is 6.15 - 7 GHz and 9.2 - 10.9 GHz. Compared with the simulation results, the working frequency band of the metasurface made of copper becomes narrower and the resonant frequency shifts in the off state of the PIN diode; in the on state of the PIN diode, the polarization conversion efficiency in the low-frequency band drops below 80%, the working bandwidth with the polarization conversion efficiency above 90% in the high-frequency band becomes narrower, the axial ratio <3 dB bandwidth decreases, and an unexpected working frequency band appears in the high frequency. While for the graphene-based metasurface, the measured polarization conversion efficiency and axial ratio in both the on and off states of the PIN diode fit the simulation curve, which proves that when it works for a long time, its heat dissipation is faster than that of the metasurface made of copper, the temperature drift effect of the PIN diode is lower, and the influence on the electromagnetic performance of the metasurface is lower.

[0041] The graphene radiation-cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system provided by the present invention prepares a metasurface through a macroscopic graphene film, realizes the dynamic switching of various polarization states such as linear polarization waves to cross polarization waves and left-handed circular polarization waves in a wide frequency band, and meets the requirements of complex electromagnetic environment regulation; utilizes the high thermal conductivity of graphene to quickly dissipate the working heat of the PIN diode, avoids the performance degradation caused by temperature drift, and improves the system stability; the radiation-cooling integrated design solves the volume contradiction of traditional separate cooling, and can be extended to intelligent devices such as beam scanning antennas, providing low loss and high reliability support for fields such as 6G networks and quantum radars.

[0042] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative labor.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, elements defined by the statement "comprising..." do not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising such elements. For any "predetermined threshold", "preset threshold" or similar expressions, if no specific value is indicated, those of ordinary skill in the art can determine their specific values through simple experiments or corresponding debugging.

[0044] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "arrange", "install", "connect" and "couple" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalently replace some of the technical features. These modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system, characterized in that, Comprising: A top layer pattern, a dielectric substrate, and a ground layer; the top layer pattern includes periodically arranged butterfly-shaped patches, each of the butterfly-shaped patches is loaded with a PIN diode, the butterfly-shaped patches are arranged along a predetermined direction of the x-axis, and the top layer pattern is symmetric about the x-axis and the y-axis; a DC bias line is provided on the top layer pattern for providing voltage control to the PIN diode; the dielectric substrate is made of a low-loss RF4, F4B, PDMS, or PTFE material with a predetermined thickness; the radiation structure of the top layer pattern and the ground layer are both prepared using macroscopic graphene films.

2. The integrated graphene radiation cooling and polarization reconfigurable metasurface system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The butterfly-shaped patches are arranged along the x-axis at ±45°, for realizing polarization control of incident electromagnetic waves.

3. The integrated graphene radiation cooling and polarization reconfigurable metasurface system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two of the DC bias lines are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the top layer pattern, and by providing voltage control with a predetermined accuracy to the PIN diode, it is ensured that the PIN diode enables the metasurface to be in a switching state at a predetermined frequency.

4. The integrated graphene radiation cooling and polarization reconfigurable metasurface system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thickness h of the dielectric substrate is 4 mm, the relative permittivity εr is 2.2, and the loss tangent tanδ is 0.0015, ensuring the stability of the graphene radiation and heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system when operating at a predetermined frequency.

5. The graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system according to claim 4, wherein The material of the radiation structure of the top layer pattern is a macroscopic graphene film, and the periodically arranged butterfly-shaped patches and DC bias lines are formed by laser engraving, etching, or printing.

6. The graphene radiation cooling integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system according to claim 5, wherein The material of the ground layer is a macroscopic graphene film, which together with the radiation structure of the top layer pattern forms an electromagnetic reflection structure, forming a polarization conversion functional unit.

7. The integrated graphene radiation cooling and polarization reconfigurable metasurface system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The on-off state of the PIN diode is controlled by the voltage of the DC bias line, and through forward biasing or reverse biasing, dynamic conversion between linearly polarized waves and cross-polarized waves or left-handed circularly polarized waves is achieved within multiple frequency bands.

8. The graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system according to claim 7, characterized in that The macroscopic graphene film can conduct the Joule heat generated during the operation of the PIN diode to the surrounding environment, reduce the temperature drift of the PIN diode, and ensure that the polarization conversion efficiency and operating frequency are within a predetermined range.

9. The integrated graphene radiation cooling and polarization reconfigurable metasurface system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The three-layer structure of the top layer pattern, dielectric substrate, and ground layer integrates the electromagnetic radiation function and the heat dissipation function, avoiding an increase in the system volume.

10. The graphene radiation heat dissipation integrated polarization reconfigurable metasurface system according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the graphene-based metasurface operates at a predetermined power for a predetermined duration, it suppresses the changes in the equivalent resistance, inductance, and capacitance of the PIN diode caused by temperature rise, ensuring the stability of the performance of the active metasurface system.

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