Quantification system and method for air conditioner to participate in power grid regulation and control based on intelligent optimization algorithm

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent optimization algorithm-based quantification system for air conditioner participation in power grid regulation and control, and the system comprises an air conditioner use cost and income model building module which is used for building a cost and income model according to the air conditioner use cost and air conditioner use income after an air conditioner user participates in power grid regulation and control; the power grid regulation and control cost and income model building module is used for building a power grid regulation and control cost and income model according to the cost and income generated by the power grid when the air conditioner user participates in power grid regulation and control; the air conditioner load reduction quantity solving module is used for establishing an objective function according to the air conditioner use cost and income model, and establishing constraint conditions according to the air conditioner use cost and income model and the power grid regulation and control cost and income model; and according to the target function and the constraint condition, solving the air-conditioning load reduction amount of the air-conditioning user participating in power grid regulation and control by adopting a particle swarm algorithm. The method aims at maximizing the single-day profit of the air conditioner user, guarantees the benefits of the power grid through the constraint that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to 0, and achieves the balance of the air conditioner user and the power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air-conditioning load regulation, and particularly relates to a quantization system and method for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of the demand for flexible load regulation in the power system, air-conditioning load has become an important object of power grid demand-side management due to its strong adjustability and fast response speed. In the prior art, the research on air conditioners participating in power grid regulation mainly focuses on directions such as load aggregation control and price incentive response, but there are still the following limitations:

[0003] Most existing solutions regard users as a homogeneous group and do not distinguish the significant differences in temperature sensitivity and economic behavior patterns among residential, commercial, and industrial users. For example, residential users are more concerned about comfort costs, while industrial users need to consider production equipment losses. Due to the lack of classification and quantification indicators in existing models, the regulation strategies are mismatched with the actual user needs. Traditional methods only take electricity cost savings or subsidy benefits as the optimization goal, ignoring the implicit costs of air conditioners participating in regulation and the comprehensive benefits on the power grid side. The one-sidedness of the model easily leads to low user participation willingness and long-term economic imbalance of the power grid. Most existing load reduction algorithms only adopt a single total load capacity constraint and do not limit the adjustable capacity of different user types, which may cause the load reduction of a certain type of user to exceed the limit, resulting in an infeasible regulation scheme.

[0004] The above problems make it difficult for the prior art to balance the interests of users and the power grid, restricting the application potential of large-scale participation of air-conditioning load in power grid regulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a quantization system for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, including:

[0006] An air-conditioning usage cost and benefit model construction module, configured to obtain the air-conditioning usage cost according to the typical daily air-conditioning load characteristic data after the air-conditioning user participates in power grid regulation, obtain the air-conditioning usage benefit according to the electricity cost saved and the subsidy obtained after the air-conditioning user participates in power grid regulation, and construct an air-conditioning usage cost and benefit model based on the air-conditioning usage cost and the air-conditioning usage benefit;

[0007] A power grid regulation cost and benefit model construction module, configured to establish a power grid regulation cost and benefit model based on the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform generated by the air-conditioning user participating in power grid regulation and the benefit of the power grid saving operation cost when the air-conditioning user participates in power grid regulation compared with when the air-conditioning user does not participate in power grid regulation;

[0008] An air-conditioning load reduction amount solving module is used to establish an objective function for maximizing the single-day profit of the air-conditioning user's revenue according to the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model, establish a constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero according to the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model and the power grid regulation cost and revenue model, and solve the air-conditioning load reduction amount of the air-conditioning user participating in the power grid regulation by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm according to the objective function and the constraint condition.

[0009] Further, in the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model construction module, the air-conditioning usage cost is obtained according to the typical daily air-conditioning load characteristic data after the air-conditioning user participates in the power grid regulation, the air-conditioning usage revenue is obtained according to the electricity bill saved and the subsidy obtained by the air-conditioning user participating in the power grid regulation, and the specific method for constructing the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model according to the air-conditioning usage cost and the air-conditioning usage revenue is as follows:

[0010] The usage cost in the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model includes comfort cost, depreciation cost of the air-conditioning participating in the power grid regulation, and installation and transformation cost of the air-conditioning participating in the power grid regulation. The usage revenue in the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model includes electricity bill saving revenue and demand response subsidy revenue;

[0011] The comfort cost is

[0012] In the formula, B f,i is the economic cost generated by the i-th type of user due to temperature discomfort. i represents the i-th type of air-conditioning user, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4, which are residential users, production service-type commercial users among commercial users, reception service-type commercial users among commercial users, and industrial users in sequence; B f,1 is the economic cost generated by residential users due to temperature discomfort, B f,2 is the economic cost generated by production service-type commercial users among commercial users due to temperature discomfort, B f,3 is the economic cost generated by reception service-type commercial users among commercial users due to temperature discomfort, B f,4 is the economic cost generated by industrial users due to temperature discomfort;

[0013] For residential users, by weighting the square of the deviation between the outdoor temperature and the human neutral temperature in each time period, and combining the temperature influence time length and the residential comfort monetization coefficient, the economic cost B f,1 generated by residential users due to temperature discomfort is obtained, and the formula is expressed as:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, α is the residential comfort monetization coefficient, which is used to convert the temperature deviation into an economic loss; s is the time weight coefficient, which is used to reflect the influence difference of temperature deviation in different time periods; T out is the outdoor temperature; Ts is the neutral temperature of the human body; Δt is the length of the temperature influence time;

[0016] For commercial users, including production service commercial users and hospitality service commercial users; among them, for production service commercial users, the loss of work efficiency of staff caused by temperature changes is calculated through the work efficiency function of production service commercial user staff, and combined with the economic output value of staff and the length of temperature influence time, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort of production service commercial users is obtained f,2 , for hospitality service commercial users, by calculating the percentage of dissatisfaction of guests received by hospitality service commercial users due to temperature changes, and combined with the turnover of staff, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort of hospitality service commercial users is obtained f,3 , the formula is as follows:

[0017] B f2 =∑ t (1-β(T in )ω2N op Δt), ω2 = G DP / t ω ;

[0018] B f3 =ω3×N t ×R, ω3 = M DP / N, R = 0.0136(T op -T s ) 2 -0.002(T op -T s )+0.0438;

[0019] T s =0.3178T out +15.479;

[0020] In the formula, β(T in ) is the work efficiency function of production service commercial user staff; ω2 is the per capita economic output value per hour of production service commercial user staff; N op is the number of production service commercial user staff; G DP is the per capita benchmark economic output value of production service commercial user staff; t ω is the per capita benchmark total working time of production service commercial user staff; ω3 is the per capita operating income per hour of hospitality service commercial user staff; R is the dissatisfaction of guests received by hospitality service commercial users due to temperature difference; N t is the number of staff of hospitality service commercial users; T op is the actual operating temperature of the air conditioner;MD P is the daily turnover of the staff of the reception service - type commercial users; N is the business hours of the staff of the reception service - type commercial users.

[0021] For industrial users, by calculating the production capacity loss and equipment life loss caused by temperature changes, and combining with the temperature - influence time length, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort for industrial users is obtained. f,4 , and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, γ prod is the economic coefficient affected by the production process, reflecting the impact of temperature changes on production efficiency; ΔP t is the production capacity loss caused by temperature changes at time t; γ equip is the economic coefficient of equipment loss, reflecting the impact of temperature changes on equipment life; ΔD t is the additional equipment loss rate caused by temperature changes at time t.

[0024] The depreciation cost of the air - conditioner participating in power - grid regulation is obtained by dividing the initial cost of the air - conditioner by the depreciation life and then subtracting the maintenance cost of the air - conditioner. The formula is expressed as:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, B N,i is the depreciation cost of the air - conditioner of the i - th type of users participating in power - grid regulation; n is the depreciation life of the air - conditioner; M w,i is the maintenance cost of the air - conditioner of the i - th type of users; M t,i is the initial cost of the air - conditioner of the i - th type of users.

[0027] The installation and transformation cost of the air - conditioner participating in power - grid regulation is obtained by multiplying the power of the air - conditioner to be transformed by the transformation cost per unit power. The formula is expressed as:

[0028] B d,i =P f,i ×S f,i

[0029] In the formula, B d,i is the installation and transformation cost of the air - conditioner of the i - th type of users participating in power - grid regulation; P f,i is the load capacity of the air - conditioner for installation or transformation of the i - th type of users; S f,i is the installation and transformation cost per unit load of the air - conditioner of the i - th type of users.

[0030] Furthermore, the usage income is obtained by multiplying the sum of the subsidy per unit load and the electricity cost per unit load of the air - conditioner participating in power - grid regulation by the load reduction amount of the air - conditioner participating in power - grid regulation. The formula is as follows:

[0031] C m,i = ΔR f,i (L C,i + M C,i )

[0032] In the formula, C m,i is the usage benefit of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; ΔR f,i is the load reduction amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in the power grid regulation; L C,i is the subsidy for the unit load amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in the power grid regulation, and M C,i is the electricity cost per unit load amount of the i-th type of user.

[0033] Furthermore, in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model construction module, according to the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform generated by the power grid when air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation, and the benefit of the power grid saving operation cost when air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation compared with when air conditioner users do not participate in the power grid regulation, the specific method for establishing the power grid regulation cost and benefit model is as follows:

[0034] The cost in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model includes the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform of the power grid, and the benefits in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model include the saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving, the saved power generation fuel cost, the saved transmission and distribution cost, the saved cost of newly built power generation capacity, and the saved carbon dioxide emission cost;

[0035] The construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform of the power grid is obtained by multiplying the air conditioner load accessed by the air conditioner load management platform by the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform per unit air conditioner load. The specific formula is as follows:

[0036] B r,i = P y,i × S y,i

[0037] In the formula, B r,i is the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform of the power grid of the i-th type of user, P y is the air conditioner load accessed by the air conditioner load management platform of the i-th type of user; S y is the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform per unit air conditioner load of the i-th type of user.

[0038] Furthermore, the saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving is obtained by multiplying the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired unit by the load reduction amount reduced by the air conditioner due to participating in the power grid regulation to obtain the annual saved cost, and then converting the annual saved cost into the total present value of the full cycle through the present value factor of the annuity. The formula is expressed as:

[0039]

[0040] Wherein, C f,i is the cost of the power generation capacity for peak shaving saved by the i-th type of user, and C hdo,i is the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired unit for peak shaving due to the i-th type of user; P i is the actual regulation power provided when the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participates in the power grid peak shaving; (A, i 0,i , T) i is the present value factor of the annuity of the i-th type of user, indicating the present value conversion factor of the unit capital flow under the discount rate i 0,i of the i-th type of user and the time period T;

[0041] The saved transmission and distribution cost is obtained by multiplying the load reduced by the air conditioner due to participating in the power grid regulation by the investment cost per unit capacity of the power grid, and the formula is expressed as:

[0042]

[0043] Wherein, C d,i is the transmission and distribution cost saved by the i-th type of user, and C z is the total investment cost of the power grid; R z is the total capacity of the power grid;

[0044] The saved power generation fuel cost is obtained by multiplying the reduced power consumption after the air conditioner participates in the power grid regulation by the marginal fuel cost per unit of electricity, and the formula is expressed as:

[0045] C r,i = ΔL i × AC

[0046] Wherein, C r,i is the power generation fuel cost saved by the i-th type of user, ΔL i is the reduced power consumption of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user after participating in the power grid regulation; AC is the marginal fuel cost per unit of electricity;

[0047] The saved cost of new power generation capacity is obtained by multiplying the load reduced by the air conditioner due to participating in the power grid regulation by the investment cost per unit of new capacity of the power grid, and the formula is expressed as:

[0048] C N,i = ΔR f,i × ΔC n

[0049] Wherein, C N,i is the cost of new power generation capacity saved by the i-th type of user, and ΔC n is the investment cost per unit of new capacity of the power grid;

[0050] The saved cost of carbon dioxide emissions is obtained by multiplying the unit carbon dioxide price by the carbon dioxide emission equivalent, and the formula is expressed as:

[0051] C e,i = F C M C

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, C e,i is the cost of carbon dioxide emissions saved by the i-th type of user, F C is the unit price of carbon dioxide; M C is the carbon dioxide emission equivalent; ΔQ t,i is the electricity consumption reduced by the air conditioner of the i-th type of user during the time period t; B is the carbon emission intensity of the coal-fired unit.

[0054] Furthermore, in the air-conditioning load reduction amount solving module, the specific method for establishing the objective function of maximizing the single-day profit of the air-conditioning user's income according to the air-conditioning use cost and income model, and establishing the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero according to the air-conditioning use cost and income model and the power grid regulation cost and income model is as follows:

[0055] Establish the objective function based on the maximization of the profit of the air-conditioning users in the power grid regulation area. The formula is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, k is the total number of types of air-conditioning users in the power grid regulation area;

[0058] Establish the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero and the air-conditioning load at time t in the power grid regulation area is greater than the load reduction amount of the air-conditioning participating in the power grid regulation. The formula is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] ΔR f,i ≤ P t,i

[0061] In the formula, P t,i is the air-conditioning load of the i-th type of user at time t in the power grid regulation area.

[0062] Furthermore, in the air-conditioning load reduction amount solving module, the specific method for solving the air-conditioning load reduction amount of the air-conditioning user participating in the power grid regulation according to the objective function and the constraint condition by using the particle swarm algorithm is as follows:

[0063] Express the particle position X as the solution vector of the load reduction amount of each user, that is, X = [ΔR1, ΔR2,..., ΔR n , and the speed update formula is:

[0064] v j(t + 1) = w·v j (t) + c1r1(p best,j -X j (t)) + c2r2(g best -X j (t))X j (t + 1) = X j (t) + v j (t + 1)

[0065] Where j represents the serial number of the particle; v j represents the velocity of the j-th particle; w is the inertia weight; c1 is the first learning factor; c2 is the second learning factor; p best,j is the individual historical optimal position of the j-th particle; g best is the global optimal position of the entire population, X j is the position of the j-th particle;

[0066] Convert the objective function into a fitness value and add a constraint penalty term:

[0067]

[0068] Where λ is the penalty coefficient;

[0069] Set the particle swarm size, maximum number of iterations, initial position and velocity range, calculate the fitness value of each particle, update the individual optimal p best,j and the global optimal g best , dynamically adjust the inertia weight w, and for the particles exceeding ΔR j ≤P j after the velocity v f,i and position X t,i are updated, make corrections.

[0070] A quantization method for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, including:

[0071] Obtain the air conditioner usage cost according to the typical daily air conditioner load characteristic data after the air conditioner users participate in power grid regulation, obtain the air conditioner usage income according to the electricity cost saved and the subsidies obtained by the air conditioner users after participating in power grid regulation, and construct an air conditioner usage cost and income model according to the air conditioner usage cost and the air conditioner usage income;

[0072] Establish a power grid regulation cost and income model based on the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform generated by the air conditioner users participating in power grid regulation and the income of the power grid saved by the air conditioner users participating in power grid regulation compared with the case where the air conditioner users do not participate in power grid regulation;

[0073] According to the air conditioner usage cost and revenue model, an objective function for maximizing the daily profit of air conditioner users' revenue is established. According to the air conditioner usage cost and revenue model and the power grid regulation cost and revenue model, constraint conditions for meeting the requirements of the power grid's economic operation are established. According to the objective function and the constraint conditions, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the air conditioner load reduction amount for air conditioner users to participate in power grid regulation.

[0074] Further, in the air conditioner usage cost and revenue model construction module, the air conditioner usage cost is obtained based on the typical daily air conditioner load characteristic data after the air conditioner users participate in power grid regulation. The air conditioner usage revenue is obtained based on the electricity bill savings and subsidies obtained by the air conditioner users after participating in power grid regulation. The specific method for constructing the air conditioner usage cost and revenue model according to the air conditioner usage cost and the air conditioner usage revenue is as follows:

[0075] The usage cost in the air conditioner usage cost and revenue model includes comfort cost, depreciation cost of the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation, and installation and transformation cost of the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation. The usage revenue in the air conditioner usage cost and revenue model includes electricity bill savings revenue and demand response subsidy revenue;

[0076] The comfort cost is

[0077] In the formula, B f,i is the economic cost generated by the i-th type of user due to temperature discomfort. i represents the i-th type of air conditioner user, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4, which are residential users, production service-type commercial users among commercial users, reception service-type commercial users among commercial users, and industrial users in sequence; B f,1 is the economic cost generated by residential users due to temperature discomfort, B f,2 is the economic cost generated by production service-type commercial users among commercial users due to temperature discomfort, B f,3 is the economic cost generated by reception service-type commercial users among commercial users due to temperature discomfort, B f,4 is the economic cost generated by industrial users due to temperature discomfort;

[0078] For residential users, by weighting the square of the deviation between the outdoor temperature and the human neutral temperature in each time period, and combining the temperature influence time length and the residential comfort monetization coefficient, the economic cost B f,1 generated by residential users due to temperature discomfort is obtained. The formula is expressed as:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, α is the residential comfort monetization coefficient, which is used to convert the temperature deviation into an economic loss; s is the time weight coefficient, which is used to reflect the influence difference of temperature deviation in different time periods; T out is the outdoor temperature; T sis the neutral temperature of the human body; Δt is the length of the temperature influence time;

[0081] For commercial users, including production service commercial users and reception service commercial users; among them, for production service commercial users, the loss of work efficiency of staff caused by temperature change is calculated through the work efficiency function of production service commercial user staff, and combined with the economic output value of staff and the length of temperature influence time, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort of production service commercial users is obtained f,2 , for reception service commercial users, by calculating the percentage of dissatisfaction of guests received by reception service commercial users caused by temperature change, and combined with the turnover of staff, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort of reception service commercial users is obtained f,3 , the formula is as follows:

[0082] B f2 =∑ t (1-β(T in )ω2N op Δt), ω2 = G DP / t ω ;

[0083] B f3 =ω3×N r ×R, ω3 = M DP / N, R = 0.0136(T op -T s ) 2 -0.002(T op -T s )+0.0438;

[0084] T s =0.3178T out +15.479;

[0085] In the formula, β(T in ) is the work efficiency function of production service commercial user staff; ω2 is the per capita economic output value per hour of production service commercial user staff; N op is the number of production service commercial user staff; G DP is the per capita benchmark economic output value of production service commercial user staff; t ω is the per capita benchmark total working time of production service commercial user staff; ω3 is the per capita operating income per hour of reception service commercial user staff; R is the dissatisfaction of guests received by reception service commercial users due to temperature difference; N t is the number of staff of reception service commercial users; T op is the actual operating temperature of the air conditioner; M DPis the daily turnover of the staff of the commercial users of the reception service type; N is the business hours of the staff of the commercial users of the reception service type;

[0086] For industrial users, by calculating the loss of production capacity and the loss of equipment life caused by temperature changes, and combining with the length of time affected by temperature, the economic cost B generated by industrial users due to uncomfortable temperature is obtained f,4 , and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0087]

[0088] In the formula, γ prod is the economic coefficient affected by the production process, reflecting the impact of temperature changes on production efficiency; ΔP t is the loss of production capacity caused by temperature changes at time t; γ equip is the economic coefficient of equipment loss, reflecting the impact of temperature changes on equipment life; ΔD t is the additional equipment loss rate caused by temperature changes at time t;

[0089] The depreciation cost of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation is obtained by dividing the initial cost of the air conditioner by the depreciation life and then subtracting the maintenance cost of the air conditioner. The formula is expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, B N,i is the depreciation cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in the power grid regulation; n is the depreciation life of the air conditioner; M w,i is the maintenance cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; M t,i is the initial cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user;

[0092] The installation and transformation cost of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation is obtained by multiplying the power of the air conditioner to be transformed by the transformation cost per unit power. The formula is expressed as:

[0093] B d,i =P f,i ×S f,i

[0094] In the formula, B d,i is the installation and transformation cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in the power grid regulation; P f,i is the load capacity of the air conditioner for installation or transformation of the i-th type of user; S f,i is the installation and transformation cost per unit load of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user.

[0095] Furthermore, the usage income is obtained by multiplying the sum of the subsidy per unit load of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation and the electricity fee per unit load by the load reduction amount of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation. The formula is expressed as follows:

[0096] C m,i = ΔR f,i (L C,i + M C,i )

[0097] Wherein, C m,i is the usage benefit of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; ΔR f , i is the load reduction amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in the power grid regulation; L C,i is the subsidy for the unit load amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in the power grid regulation, and M C,i is the electricity cost per unit load amount of the i-th type of user.

[0098] Furthermore, in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model construction module, according to the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform generated by the power grid when air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation, and the benefit of the power grid saving operation cost when air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation compared with when air conditioner users do not participate in the power grid regulation, the specific method for establishing the power grid regulation cost and benefit model is as follows:

[0099] The cost in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model includes the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform of the power grid, and the benefits in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model include the saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving, the saved power generation fuel cost, the saved transmission and distribution cost, the saved new power generation capacity cost, and the saved carbon dioxide emission cost;

[0100] The construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform of the power grid is obtained by multiplying the air conditioner load accessed by the air conditioner load management platform by the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform per unit air conditioner load. The specific formula is as follows:

[0101] B r,i = P y,i × S y,i

[0102] Wherein, B r,i is the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform of the power grid of the i-th type of user, P y is the air conditioner load accessed by the air conditioner load management platform of the i-th type of user; S y is the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform per unit air conditioner load of the i-th type of user.

[0103] Furthermore, the saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving is obtained by multiplying the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired unit by the load amount reduced by the air conditioner due to participating in the power grid regulation to obtain the annual saved cost, and then converting the annual saved cost into the total present value of the full cycle through the present value factor of the annuity. The formula is expressed as:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula, C f,i is the cost of the generation capacity for peak shaving saved by the i-th type of user, and C hdo,i is the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired unit for peak shaving due to the i-th type of user; P i is the actual regulation power provided when the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participates in the power grid peak shaving; (A, i 0,i , T) i is the present value factor of the annuity of the i-th type of user, representing the present value conversion factor of the unit capital flow under the discount rate i 0,i of the i-th type of user and the time period T;

[0106] The saved transmission and distribution cost is obtained by multiplying the load reduced by the air conditioner due to participating in the power grid regulation by the investment cost per unit capacity of the power grid. The formula is expressed as:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, C d,i is the transmission and distribution cost saved by the i-th type of user, and C z is the total investment cost of the power grid; R z is the total capacity of the power grid;

[0109] The saved generation fuel cost is obtained by multiplying the reduced electricity consumption after the air conditioner participates in the power grid regulation by the marginal fuel cost per unit of electricity. The formula is expressed as:

[0110] C r,i = ΔL i × AC

[0111] In the formula, C r,i is the generation fuel cost saved by the i-th type of user, ΔL i is the reduced electricity consumption when the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participates in the power grid regulation; AC is the marginal fuel cost per unit of electricity;

[0112] The saved cost of new generation capacity is obtained by multiplying the load reduced by the air conditioner due to participating in the power grid regulation by the investment cost per unit of new capacity of the power grid. The formula is expressed as:

[0113] G N,i = ΔR f,i × ΔC n

[0114] In the formula, C N,i is the cost of new generation capacity saved by the i-th type of user, ΔC n is the investment cost per unit of new capacity of the power grid;

[0115] The saved cost of carbon dioxide emissions is obtained by multiplying the unit carbon dioxide price by the carbon dioxide emission equivalent. The formula is expressed as:

[0116] C e,i = F C M C

[0117]

[0118] Wherein, C e,i is the cost of carbon dioxide emissions saved by the i-th type of user, F C is the unit price of carbon dioxide; M C is the carbon dioxide emission equivalent; ΔQ t,i is the electricity consumption reduced by the air conditioner of the i-th type of user during the time period t; B is the carbon emission intensity of the coal-fired unit.

[0119] Furthermore, in the air-conditioning load reduction amount solving module, the specific method for establishing the objective function of maximizing the single-day profit of the air-conditioning user's income according to the air-conditioning usage cost and income model, and establishing the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero according to the air-conditioning usage cost and income model and the power grid regulation cost and income model is as follows:

[0120] Establish the objective function based on the maximization of the profit of the air-conditioning users in the power grid regulation area, and the formula is as follows:

[0121]

[0122] Wherein, k is the total number of types of air-conditioning users in the power grid regulation area;

[0123] Establish the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero and the air-conditioning load at time t in the power grid regulation area is greater than the load reduction amount of the air-conditioning participating in the power grid regulation, and the formula is as follows:

[0124]

[0125] ΔR f,i ≤ P i,i

[0126] Wherein, P t,i is the air-conditioning load of the i-th type of user at time t in the power grid regulation area.

[0127] Furthermore, in the air-conditioning load reduction amount solving module, the specific method for solving the air-conditioning load reduction amount of the air-conditioning users participating in the power grid regulation according to the objective function and the constraint condition by using the particle swarm algorithm is as follows:

[0128] Express the particle position X as the solution vector of the load reduction amount of each user, that is, X = [ΔR1, ΔR2,..., ΔR n , and the velocity update formula is:

[0129] v j(t + 1) = w·v j (t) + c1r1(p best,j -X j (t)) + c2r2(g best -X j (t))X j (t + 1) = X j (t) + v j (t + 1)

[0130] In the formula, j represents the serial number of the particle; v j represents the velocity of the j-th particle; w is the inertia weight; c1 is the first learning factor; c2 is the second learning factor; p best,j is the individual historical optimal position of the j-th particle; g best is the global optimal position of the entire population, X j is the position of the j-th particle;

[0131] The objective function is transformed into a fitness value, and a constraint penalty term is added:

[0132]

[0133] In the formula, λ is the penalty coefficient;

[0134] Set the particle swarm size, maximum number of iterations, initial position and velocity range, calculate the fitness value of each particle, update the individual optimal p best,j and the global optimal g best , dynamically adjust the inertia weight w, and after updating the velocity v j and the position X j , correct the particles that exceed ΔR f,i ≤P t,i .

[0135] A computer-readable medium stores computer programs / instructions thereon, and the computer programs / instructions execute the above-mentioned quantization method for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm during operation.

[0136] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0137] 1. By constructing the cost and benefit models of air conditioner usage for residents, commercial (production service type / reception service type), and industrial users, clearly distinguishing the differences in temperature sensitivity and economic behavior patterns among different users (such as residents mainly focusing on comfort costs and industrial users paying attention to equipment losses), the problem of inaccurate regulation strategies caused by homogeneous modeling of users in the prior art is solved.

[0138] 2. Jointly establish the objective function for maximizing the profit of air - conditioning users and the constraints for the economic operation of the power grid, balance the interests of the user side (electricity cost savings, subsidy income) and the power grid side (peak - shaving cost, carbon - emission cost), and make up for the one - sidedness of the traditional single - objective model.

[0139] 3. Break through the limitation of only considering electricity cost savings through comfort loss, equipment depreciation cost, and installation and transformation cost, and avoid users' refusal to participate in regulation due to excessive implicit costs.

[0140] 4. Take "maximizing the daily profit of air - conditioning users" as the goal, directly associate the economic motivation of users to participate in regulation, and at the same time ensure the interests of the power grid through the constraint of "net profit of the power grid ≥ 0", so as to achieve the balance of the interests of both air - conditioning users and the power grid.

[0141] 5. Dynamically adjust and optimize the objectives and constraints based on "typical - day load characteristic data", which can adapt to the power - grid regulation requirements in different seasons and time periods, and support the issuance of minute - level load - regulation instructions. Description of the Drawings

[0142] Figure 1 This is the system block diagram of the present invention.

[0143] Figure 2 This is the method flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Embodiment

[0144] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the following further details the present application in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0145] Embodiment 1

[0146] Refer to Figure 1 , a quantization system for air - conditioners to participate in power - grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, including:

[0147] An air - conditioner usage cost and income model construction module, which is used to obtain the air - conditioner usage cost according to the typical - day air - conditioner load characteristic data after the air - conditioner users participate in power - grid regulation, obtain the air - conditioner usage income according to the electricity cost saved and the subsidy obtained by the air - conditioner users after participating in power - grid regulation, and construct an air - conditioner usage cost and income model according to the air - conditioner usage cost and the air - conditioner usage income;

[0148] A power - grid regulation cost and income model construction module, which is used to establish a power - grid regulation cost and income model according to the construction cost of the air - conditioner load management platform generated by the power - grid when the air - conditioner users participate in power - grid regulation and the income of the power - grid saved in operation cost when the air - conditioner users participate in power - grid regulation compared with when they do not participate.

[0149] The air-conditioning load reduction amount solving module is used to establish an objective function for maximizing the single-day profit of the air-conditioning user's income according to the air-conditioning usage cost and income model, establish a constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero according to the air-conditioning usage cost and income model and the power grid regulation cost and income model, and solve the air-conditioning load reduction amount of the air-conditioning user participating in the power grid regulation by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm according to the objective function and the constraint condition.

[0150] (1) In the air-conditioning usage cost and income model construction module, the air-conditioning usage cost is obtained according to the typical daily air-conditioning load characteristic data after the air-conditioning user participates in the power grid regulation, the air-conditioning usage income is obtained according to the electricity bill saved and the subsidy obtained by the air-conditioning user participating in the power grid regulation, and the specific method for constructing the air-conditioning usage cost and income model according to the air-conditioning usage cost and the air-conditioning usage income is as follows:

[0151] Air-conditioning users include residential users, commercial users and industrial users;

[0152] The usage cost in the air-conditioning usage cost and income model includes comfort cost, depreciation cost of the air-conditioning participating in the power grid regulation, and installation and transformation cost of the air-conditioning participating in the power grid regulation. The usage income in the air-conditioning usage cost and income model includes electricity bill saving income and demand response subsidy income;

[0153] The comfort cost is

[0154] In the formula, B f,i is the economic cost generated by the i-th type of user due to temperature discomfort. i represents the i-th type of air-conditioning user, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4, which are residential users, production service-type commercial users among commercial users, reception service-type commercial users among commercial users, and industrial users in sequence; B f,1 is the economic cost generated by residential users due to temperature discomfort, B f,2 is the economic cost generated by production service-type commercial users among commercial users due to temperature discomfort, B f,3 is the economic cost generated by reception service-type commercial users among commercial users due to temperature discomfort, B f,4 is the economic cost generated by industrial users due to temperature discomfort;

[0155] For residential users, by weighting the square of the deviation between the outdoor temperature and the human neutral temperature in each time period, and combining the temperature influence time length and the monetization coefficient of residential comfort, the economic cost B f,1 generated by residential users due to temperature discomfort is obtained. The formula is expressed as:

[0156]

[0157] Where α is the monetization coefficient of residents' comfort, which is used to convert temperature deviation into economic loss; s is the time weight coefficient, which is used to reflect the difference in the impact of temperature deviation in different periods; T out is the outdoor temperature; T s is the neutral temperature of the human body; Δt is the temperature influence time length;

[0158] For commercial users, including production service commercial users and reception service commercial users, production service commercial users include office buildings, and reception service commercial users include shopping malls, hotels and restaurants; among them, for production service commercial users, the loss of work efficiency of staff caused by temperature change is calculated through the work efficiency function of production service commercial user staff, and combined with the economic output value of staff and the temperature influence time length, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort of production service commercial users is obtained f,2 For reception service commercial users, the percentage of dissatisfaction of guests received by reception service commercial users caused by temperature change is calculated, and combined with the turnover of staff, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort of reception service commercial users is obtained f,3 The formula is as follows:

[0159] B f2 =∑ t (1-β(T in )ω2N op Δt), ω2=G DP / t ω ;

[0160] B f3 =ω3×N t ×R, ω3=M DP / N, R=0.0136(T op -T s ) 2 -0.002(T op -T s )+0.0438;

[0161] T s =0.3178T out +15.479;

[0162] Where β(T in ) is the work efficiency function of production service commercial user staff; ω2 is the per capita economic output value per hour of production service commercial user staff; N op is the number of production service commercial user staff; G DP is the per capita benchmark economic output value of production service commercial user staff; t ωis the per capita benchmark total working hours of the staff of production service-oriented commercial users; ω3 is the per capita operating income per hour of the staff of reception service-oriented commercial users; R is the dissatisfaction rate of the guests received by the reception service-oriented commercial users due to temperature difference; N t is the number of staff of the reception service-oriented commercial users; T op is the actual operating temperature of the air conditioner; M DP is the daily turnover of the staff of the reception service-oriented commercial users; N is the business hours of the staff of the reception service-oriented commercial users;

[0163] For industrial users, by calculating the production capacity loss and equipment life loss caused by temperature change, and combining with the temperature influence time length, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort for industrial users is obtained f,4 , and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0164]

[0165] In the formula, γ prod is the economic coefficient affected by the production process, reflecting the influence of temperature change on production efficiency; ΔP t is the production capacity loss caused by temperature change at time t; γ equip is the economic coefficient of equipment loss, reflecting the influence of temperature change on equipment life; ΔD t is the additional equipment loss rate caused by temperature change at time t;

[0166] The depreciation cost of the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation is obtained by dividing the initial cost of the air conditioner by the depreciation life and then subtracting the air conditioner maintenance cost, and the formula is expressed as:

[0167]

[0168] In the formula, B N,i is the depreciation cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation; n is the depreciation life of the air conditioner; M w,i is the maintenance cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; M t,i is the initial cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user. The initial cost is the sum of all upfront investment costs before the air conditioner system is put into use, covering equipment purchase, installation and commissioning, and related supporting costs;

[0169] The installation and transformation cost of the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation is obtained by multiplying the power of the air conditioner to be transformed by the transformation cost per unit power, and the formula is expressed as:

[0170] B d,i =P f,i ×S f,i

[0171] In the formula, B d,iis the installation and retrofit cost for the air conditioner of the i-th type of user to participate in power grid regulation; P f,i is the load capacity of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user for installation or retrofit of the air conditioner; S f,i is the unit load installation and retrofit cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user.

[0172] The usage benefit is obtained by multiplying the sum of the subsidy per unit load of the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation and the electricity cost per unit load by the load reduction amount of the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation. The formula is expressed as follows:

[0173] C m,i = ΔR f,i (L C,i + M C,i )

[0174] In the formula, C m,i is the usage benefit of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; ΔR f,i is the load reduction amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation; L C,i is the subsidy per unit load of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation, and M C,i is the electricity cost per unit load of the i-th type of user.

[0175] The commercial users are subdivided into production service type (office buildings) and reception service type (shopping malls, hotels), and the economic cost calculation logics are designed respectively: the impact of temperature on the economic output of production service type commercial users is quantified through work efficiency loss, and the turnover loss of reception service type commercial users caused by temperature is quantified through customer dissatisfaction, solving the problem of regulation strategy deviation caused by the coarse-grained division of commercial user types in the prior art. The comfort cost, depreciation cost, and installation and retrofit cost are introduced to comprehensively cover the implicit costs of users participating in regulation, avoiding the overestimation of user benefits caused by cost omission in traditional models. When calculating the usage benefit of users' air conditioners, the electricity cost savings benefit and the demand response subsidy benefit are integrated to improve users' willingness to participate through economic incentives, solving the problem of insufficient attractiveness of the traditional single electricity price incentive model.

[0176] (2) In the grid regulation cost and benefit model construction module, according to the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform generated by the air conditioner users participating in grid regulation for the grid, and the benefit of the grid saving operation cost when the air conditioner users participate in grid regulation compared with when the air conditioner users do not participate in grid regulation, the specific method for establishing the grid regulation cost and benefit model is as follows:

[0177] The costs in the grid regulation cost and benefit model include the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform of the grid, and the benefits in the grid regulation cost and benefit model include the saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving, the saved power generation fuel cost, the saved transmission and distribution cost, the saved new power generation capacity cost, and the saved carbon dioxide emission cost;

[0178] The construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform for the power grid is obtained by multiplying the air-conditioning load connected to the air-conditioning load management platform by the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform per unit of air-conditioning load. The specific formula is as follows:

[0179] B r,i =P y,i ×S y,i

[0180] In the formula, B r,i is the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform for the power grid of the i-th type of user, P y is the air-conditioning load connected to the air-conditioning load management platform of the i-th type of user; S y is the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform per unit of air-conditioning load of the i-th type of user. Clearly incorporating the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform into the power grid regulation cost quantifies the upfront investment on the power grid side (such as equipment access and system setup), addressing the loophole in traditional models that only focus on the user-side cost while ignoring the investment in power grid infrastructure.

[0181] The saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving refers to the regulation capacity of the coal-fired units originally used for peak shaving being replaced by air conditioners participating in power grid regulation, thus saving the operation and maintenance costs of the coal-fired units. The annual savings cost is obtained by multiplying the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired units by the load reduction amount of the air conditioners due to participating in power grid regulation, and then the annual savings cost is converted into the total present value of the full cycle through the present value factor of the annuity. The formula is expressed as:

[0182]

[0183] In the formula, C f,i is the saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving of the i-th type of user, C hdo,i is the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired units for peak shaving due to the i-th type of user; P i is the actual regulation power provided by the air conditioners of the i-th type of user when participating in power grid peak shaving; (A, i 0,i , T) i is the present value factor of the annuity of the i-th type of user, representing the present value conversion factor of the unit cash flow under the discount rate i 0,i and the time period T of the i-th type of user;

[0184] The saved transmission and distribution cost refers to the investment cost of the power grid capacity reduced due to load transfer after the air conditioners participate in power grid regulation. It is obtained by multiplying the load reduction amount of the air conditioners due to participating in power grid regulation by the investment cost per unit capacity of the power grid. The formula is expressed as:

[0185]

[0186] In the formula, C d,iis the power transmission and distribution cost saved by the i-th type of user, C z is the total investment cost of the power grid; R z is the total capacity of the power grid;

[0187] The saved power generation fuel cost refers to the fuel cost saved due to the reduction in power consumption after the air conditioner participates in power grid regulation. It is obtained by multiplying the reduced power consumption after the air conditioner participates in power grid regulation by the marginal fuel cost per unit of power. The formula is expressed as:

[0188] C r,i = ΔL i × AC

[0189] In the formula, C r,i is the power generation fuel cost saved by the i-th type of user, ΔL i is the reduced power consumption of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user after participating in power grid regulation; AC is the marginal fuel cost per unit of power, which is dynamically adjusted according to market fluctuations, enabling the model to adapt to fuel price changes and enhancing the robustness of the regulation strategy;

[0190] The saved cost of new power generation capacity refers to the reduction in the peak load of the power grid through peak-shaving power consumption after the air conditioner participates in power grid regulation, thereby replacing the corresponding installed capacity and reducing the cost of new units. It usually depends on the selection and scale of the reference power plant, investment cost, and other necessary fixed costs. It is obtained by multiplying the load reduction amount due to the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation by the investment cost per unit of new capacity of the power grid. The formula is expressed as:

[0191] C N,i = ΔR f,i × ΔC n

[0192] In the formula, C N,i is the cost of new power generation capacity saved by the i-th type of user, ΔC n is the investment cost per unit of new capacity of the power grid; The saved carbon dioxide emission cost is obtained by multiplying the unit carbon dioxide price by the carbon dioxide emission equivalent. The formula is expressed as:

[0193] C e,i = F C M C

[0194]

[0195] In the formula, C e,i is the carbon dioxide emission cost saved by the i-th type of user, F C is the unit price of carbon dioxide; M C is the carbon dioxide emission equivalent; ΔQ t,iThe electricity consumption reduced by the air conditioners of the i-th type of users within the time period t; B is the carbon emission intensity of coal-fired power units. It is used to make up for the neglect of environmental protection benefits in traditional models and help the power grid achieve the goal of low-carbonization.

[0196] Incorporate the savings in peak shaving capacity cost (maintenance cost of coal-fired power units × reduction amount), the savings in transmission and distribution investment (reduction amount × unit capacity cost), and the savings in carbon emission cost (reduction amount × carbon intensity × carbon price) to solve the problem that traditional models only focus on electricity revenue and ignore the long-term economy of the power grid. Convert the annual cost saved by peak shaving capacity into the present value of the full cycle through the present value factor of annuity, improve the scientific nature of power grid investment decisions, and avoid the drawbacks of traditional static models overestimating short-term revenue and underestimating long-term maintenance costs. At the same time, through the revenue-cost correlation of classified users (residential, commercial, industrial), dynamically reflect the contribution differences of different user types to power grid regulation (for example, industrial users have a larger load reduction and a higher contribution to the savings in peak shaving capacity).

[0197] (3) In the air-conditioning load reduction amount solving module, the specific method for solving the air-conditioning load reduction amount of air-conditioning users participating in power grid regulation by using the particle swarm algorithm according to the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model to establish the objective function of maximizing the single-day profit of air-conditioning users' revenue and according to the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model and the power grid regulation cost and revenue model to establish the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero is as follows:

[0198] Establish the objective function based on the maximization of the profit of air-conditioning users in the power grid regulation area, and the formula is as follows:

[0199]

[0200] In the formula, k is the total number of air-conditioning user types in the power grid regulation area;

[0201] Establish the constraint condition based on the net profit of the power grid being greater than or equal to zero and the air-conditioning load at time t in the power grid regulation area being greater than the load reduction amount of air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation, and the formula is as follows:

[0202]

[0203] ΔR f,i ≤P t,i

[0204] In the formula, P t,i is the air-conditioning load of the i-th type of users at time t in the power grid regulation area.

[0205] The constraint condition requires that the net profit of the power grid ≥ 0 and the load reduction amount ≤ the load in the regulation area to ensure the sustainability of power grid regulation and avoid losses of the power grid caused by unilateral profit-making of users.

[0206] Express the particle position X as the solution vector of each user's load reduction amount, i.e., X = [ΔR1, ΔR2,..., ΔR n , and the velocity update formula is:

[0207] v j (t + 1) = w·v j (t) + c1r1(p best,j -X j (t)) + c2r2(g best -X j (t))X j (t + 1) = X j (t) + v j (t + 1)

[0208] In the formula, j represents the serial number of the particle; v j represents the velocity of the j-th particle; w is the inertia weight; c1 is the first learning factor; c2 is the second learning factor; p best,j is the individual historical optimal position of the j-th particle; g best is the global optimal position of the entire population, X j is the position of the j-th particle;

[0209] Convert the objective function into a fitness value and add a constraint penalty term:

[0210]

[0211] In the formula, λ is the penalty coefficient, which imposes a penalty on the solution with overloaded load, forcing the algorithm to search the feasible solution space and improving the practical operability of the optimization result;

[0212] Set the particle swarm size, maximum number of iterations, initial position and velocity range, calculate the fitness value of each particle, update the individual optimal p best,j and the global optimal g best , dynamically adjust the inertia weight w, and after updating the velocity v j and the position X j , correct the particles that exceed ΔR f,i ≤P t,i (boundary constraint processing, dynamic inertia weight adjustment, particle state reset), balance the global search and local convergence capabilities, and avoid the premature convergence problem of the traditional particle swarm algorithm. Use the particle swarm algorithm to solve high-dimensional nonlinear optimization problems and avoid falling into local optima.

[0213] Example 2

[0214] A quantization method for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, including:

[0215] The air - conditioner usage cost is obtained based on the typical - day air - conditioner load characteristic data after air - conditioner users participate in power - grid regulation. The air - conditioner usage revenue is obtained based on the electricity - fee savings and subsidies obtained by air - conditioner users after participating in power - grid regulation. An air - conditioner usage cost - and - revenue model is constructed according to the air - conditioner usage cost and the air - conditioner usage revenue;

[0216] Based on the construction cost of the air - conditioner load management platform generated by the power grid when air - conditioner users participate in power - grid regulation, and the revenue of the power grid in saving operation costs when air - conditioner users participate in power - grid regulation compared with when air - conditioner users do not participate in power - grid regulation, a power - grid regulation cost - and - revenue model is established;

[0217] Based on the air - conditioner usage cost - and - revenue model, an objective function for maximizing the single - day profit of air - conditioner users' revenue is established. Based on the air - conditioner usage cost - and - revenue model and the power - grid regulation cost - and - revenue model, a constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero is established. According to the objective function and the constraint condition, a particle - swarm algorithm is used to solve the air - conditioner load reduction amount when air - conditioner users participate in power - grid regulation.

[0218] (1) The specific method for obtaining the air - conditioner usage cost based on the typical - day air - conditioner load characteristic data after air - conditioner users participate in power - grid regulation, obtaining the air - conditioner usage revenue based on the electricity - fee savings and subsidies obtained by air - conditioner users after participating in power - grid regulation, and constructing an air - conditioner usage cost - and - revenue model according to the air - conditioner usage cost and the air - conditioner usage revenue is as follows:

[0219] The usage cost in the air - conditioner usage cost - and - revenue model includes comfort cost, depreciation cost of the air - conditioner participating in power - grid regulation, and installation and transformation cost of the air - conditioner participating in power - grid regulation. The usage revenue in the air - conditioner usage cost - and - revenue model includes electricity - fee savings revenue and demand - response subsidy revenue;

[0220] The comfort cost is

[0221] In the formula, B f,i is the economic cost generated by the i - th type of user due to temperature discomfort. i represents the i - th type of air - conditioner user, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4, which are residential users, production - service - type commercial users among commercial users, reception - service - type commercial users among commercial users, and industrial users in sequence; B f,1 is the economic cost generated by residential users due to temperature discomfort, B f,2 is the economic cost generated by production - service - type commercial users among commercial users due to temperature discomfort, B f,3 is the economic cost generated by reception - service - type commercial users among commercial users due to temperature discomfort, B f,4 is the economic cost generated by industrial users due to temperature discomfort;

[0222] For residential users, by weighting the square of the deviation between the outdoor temperature and the human neutral temperature in each time period, and combining the temperature influence time length and the monetization coefficient of residential comfort, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort for residential users is obtained. f,1 , which is expressed by the formula:

[0223]

[0224] In the formula, α is the monetization coefficient of residential comfort, which is used to convert the temperature deviation into economic losses; s is the time weight coefficient, which is used to reflect the influence difference of temperature deviation in different time periods; T out is the outdoor temperature; T s is the human neutral temperature; Δt is the temperature influence time length;

[0225] For commercial users, including production service commercial users and reception service commercial users, production service commercial users include office buildings, and reception service commercial users include shopping malls, hotels and restaurants; among them, for production service commercial users, the loss of work efficiency of staff caused by temperature change is calculated through the work efficiency function of production service commercial user staff, and combined with the economic output value of staff and the temperature influence time length, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort for production service commercial users is obtained. f,2 For reception service commercial users, the percentage of dissatisfaction of guests received by reception service commercial users caused by temperature change is calculated, and combined with the turnover of staff, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort for reception service commercial users is obtained. f,3 , which is expressed by the formula as follows:

[0226] B f2 =∑ t (1 - β(T in )ω2N op Δt), ω2 = G DP / t ω ;

[0227] B f3 =ω3×N t ×R, ω3 = N DP / N, R = 0.0136(T op -T s ) 2 -0.002(T op -T s ) + 0.0438;

[0228] T s =0.3178T out +15.479;

[0229] In the formula, β(T in) is the work efficiency function of the staff of production service-oriented commercial users; ω2 is the economic output value per hour per capita of the staff of production service-oriented commercial users; N op is the number of staff of production service-oriented commercial users; G DP is the benchmark economic output value per capita of the staff of production service-oriented commercial users; t ω is the benchmark total working hours per capita of the staff of production service-oriented commercial users; ω3 is the operating income per hour per capita of the staff of reception service-oriented commercial users; R is the dissatisfaction of guests received by reception service-oriented commercial users due to temperature difference; N t is the number of staff of reception service-oriented commercial users; T op is the actual operating temperature of the air conditioner; M DP is the daily turnover of the staff of reception service-oriented commercial users; N is the business hours of the staff of reception service-oriented commercial users;

[0230] For industrial users, by calculating the production capacity loss and equipment life loss caused by temperature change, and combining with the temperature influence time length, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort for industrial users is obtained f,4 , and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0231]

[0232] In the formula, γ prod is the economic coefficient affected by the production process, reflecting the influence of temperature change on production efficiency; ΔP t is the production capacity loss caused by temperature change at time t; γ equip is the economic coefficient of equipment loss, reflecting the influence of temperature change on equipment life; ΔD t is the additional equipment loss rate caused by temperature change at time t;

[0233] The depreciation cost of the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation is obtained by dividing the initial cost of the air conditioner by the depreciation life and then subtracting the air conditioner maintenance cost, and the formula is expressed as:

[0234]

[0235] In the formula, B N,i is the depreciation cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation; n is the depreciation life of the air conditioner; M w,i is the maintenance cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; M t,i is the initial cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user. The initial cost is the sum of all upfront investment costs before the air conditioner system is put into use, covering equipment purchase, installation and commissioning, and related supporting costs;

[0236] The installation and transformation cost for the air conditioner to participate in power grid regulation is obtained by multiplying the power of the air conditioner to be transformed by the transformation cost per unit power, and the formula is expressed as:

[0237] B d,i =P f,i ×S f,i

[0238] In the formula, B d,i is the installation and transformation cost for the air conditioner of the i-th type of user to participate in power grid regulation; P f,i is the load capacity of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user for installing or transforming the air conditioner; S f,i is the installation and transformation cost per unit load for the air conditioner of the i-th type of user.

[0239] The usage income is obtained by multiplying the sum of the subsidy per unit load and the electricity cost per unit load for the air conditioner to participate in power grid regulation by the load reduction amount of the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation, and the formula is expressed as follows:

[0240] C m,i =ΔR f,i (L C,i +M C,i )

[0241] In the formula, C m,i is the usage income of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; ΔR f,i is the load reduction amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation; L C,i is the subsidy per unit load for the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation, and M C,i is the electricity cost per unit load of the i-th type of user.

[0242] The commercial users are subdivided into production service type (office building) and reception service type (shopping mall, hotel), and the economic cost calculation logics are designed respectively: the impact of temperature on the economic output of production service type commercial users is quantified through the loss of work efficiency, and the loss of turnover of reception service type commercial users caused by temperature is quantified through customer dissatisfaction, solving the problem of deviation of regulation strategies caused by the coarse-grained classification of commercial user types in the existing technology. The comfort cost, depreciation cost, and installation and transformation cost are introduced to comprehensively cover the hidden costs of users participating in regulation, avoiding the overestimation of user income caused by cost omission in traditional models. When calculating the usage income of users' air conditioners, the electricity cost savings income and the demand response subsidy income are integrated, and the user participation willingness is improved through economic incentives, solving the problem of insufficient attraction of the traditional single electricity price incentive model.

[0243] (2) The specific method for establishing the power grid regulation cost and income model based on the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform generated by the air conditioner users participating in power grid regulation and the income of the power grid saved in operation cost when the air conditioner users participate in power grid regulation compared with when they do not participate in power grid regulation is as follows:

[0244] The costs in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model include the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform of the power grid. The benefits in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model include the saved power generation capacity cost for peak regulation, the saved power generation fuel cost, the saved transmission and distribution cost, the saved cost of newly built power generation capacity, and the saved carbon dioxide emission cost;

[0245] The construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform of the power grid is obtained by multiplying the air-conditioning load connected to the air-conditioning load management platform by the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform per unit air-conditioning load. The specific formula is as follows:

[0246] B r,i =P y,i ×S y,i

[0247] In the formula, B r,i is the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform of the power grid for the i-th type of user, P y is the air-conditioning load connected to the air-conditioning load management platform for the i-th type of user; S y is the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform per unit air-conditioning load for the i-th type of user. Clearly incorporating the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform into the power grid regulation cost quantifies the upfront investment on the power grid side (such as equipment access and system setup), addressing the loophole in traditional models that only focus on user-side costs while ignoring power grid infrastructure investment.

[0248] The saved power generation capacity cost for peak regulation refers to the regulation capacity of the coal-fired units originally used for peak regulation being replaced by air conditioners participating in power grid regulation, thereby saving the operation and maintenance costs of the coal-fired units. The annual saved cost is obtained by multiplying the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired units by the load reduced by the air conditioners due to participating in power grid regulation, and then converting the annual saved cost into the total present value of the full cycle through the annuity present value factor. The formula is expressed as:

[0249]

[0250] In the formula, C f,i is the saved power generation capacity cost for peak regulation for the i-th type of user, C hdo,i is the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired units for peak regulation due to the i-th type of user; P i is the actual regulation power provided by the air conditioners of the i-th type of user when participating in power grid peak regulation; (A, i 0,i , T) i is the annuity present value factor for the i-th type of user, representing the present value conversion factor of the unit cash flow under the discount rate i 0,i and the time period T of the i-th type of user;

[0251] The saved power transmission and distribution cost refers to the investment cost of the grid capacity reduced due to load transfer after the air conditioner participates in grid regulation. It is obtained by multiplying the load reduction amount of the air conditioner due to participating in grid regulation by the investment cost per unit capacity of the grid, and is expressed by the formula:

[0252]

[0253] In the formula, C d,i is the saved power transmission and distribution cost of the i-th type of user, and C z is the total grid investment cost; R z is the total grid capacity;

[0254] The saved power generation fuel cost refers to the fuel cost saved due to the reduction in electricity consumption after the air conditioner participates in grid regulation. It is obtained by multiplying the reduced electricity consumption after the air conditioner participates in grid regulation by the marginal fuel cost per unit of electricity, and is expressed by the formula:

[0255] C r,i =ΔL i ×AC

[0256] In the formula, C r,i is the saved power generation fuel cost of the i-th type of user, ΔL i is the reduced electricity consumption of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user after participating in grid regulation; AC is the marginal fuel cost per unit of electricity, which is dynamically adjusted according to market fluctuations, enabling the model to adapt to fuel price changes and enhancing the robustness of the regulation strategy;

[0257] The saved cost of new power generation capacity refers to the reduction in the peak load of the grid through off-peak electricity consumption after the air conditioner participates in grid regulation, thereby replacing the corresponding installed capacity and reducing the cost of new units. It usually depends on the selection and scale of the reference power plant, investment cost, and other necessary fixed costs. It is obtained by multiplying the load reduction amount of the air conditioner due to participating in grid regulation by the investment cost per unit of new grid capacity, and is expressed by the formula:

[0258] G N,i =ΔR f,i ×ΔC n

[0259] In the formula, C N,i is the saved cost of new power generation capacity of the i-th type of user, ΔC n is the investment cost per unit of new grid capacity; The saved carbon dioxide emission cost is obtained by multiplying the unit carbon dioxide price by the carbon dioxide emission equivalent, and is expressed by the formula:

[0260] C e,i =F C M C

[0261]

[0262] Wherein, C e,i is the carbon dioxide emission cost saved by the i-th type of user, F C is the unit price of carbon dioxide; M C is the carbon dioxide emission equivalent; ΔQ t,i is the electricity consumption reduced by the air conditioner of the i-th type of user during the time period t; B is the carbon emission intensity of the coal-fired unit. It is used to make up for the neglect of environmental protection benefits in the traditional model and help the power grid achieve the low-carbon goal.

[0263] Incorporate the peak shaving capacity cost savings (coal-fired unit operation and maintenance cost × reduction), transmission and distribution investment savings (reduction × unit capacity cost), and carbon emission cost savings (reduction × carbon intensity × carbon price) to solve the problem that the traditional model only focuses on electricity revenue and ignores the long-term economy of the power grid. The annual cost saved by peak shaving capacity is converted into the present value of the whole cycle through the present value factor of annuity, which improves the scientific nature of power grid investment decisions and avoids the disadvantages of the traditional static model of overestimating short-term benefits and underestimating long-term operation and maintenance costs. At the same time, through the income-cost correlation of classified users (residential, commercial, industrial), the contribution differences of different user types to power grid regulation are dynamically reflected (for example, industrial users have a larger load reduction and a higher contribution to peak shaving capacity savings).

[0264] (3) The specific method for solving the air-conditioning load reduction of air-conditioning users participating in power grid regulation by using the particle swarm algorithm according to the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model to establish the objective function of maximizing the single-day profit of air-conditioning users' revenue and according to the air-conditioning usage cost and revenue model and the power grid regulation cost and revenue model to establish the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero is as follows:

[0265] Establish the objective function based on the maximization of the profit of air-conditioning users in the power grid regulation area, and the formula is as follows:

[0266]

[0267] Wherein, k is the total number of air-conditioning user types in the power grid regulation area;

[0268] Establish the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero and the air-conditioning load at time t in the power grid regulation area is greater than the load reduction of the air-conditioning participating in the power grid regulation, and the formula is as follows:

[0269]

[0270] ΔR f,i ≤P t,i

[0271] Wherein, P t,i is the air-conditioning load of the i-th type of user at time t in the power grid regulation area.

[0272] The constraint requires that the net profit of the power grid ≥ 0 and the load curtailment ≤ the load in the regulation area, ensuring the sustainability of power grid regulation and avoiding losses of the power grid caused by unilateral profit-making of users.

[0273] The particle position X is expressed as the solution vector of the load curtailment of each user, i.e., X = [ΔR1, ΔR2,..., ΔR n , and the velocity update formula is:

[0274] v j (t + 1) = w·v j (t) + c1r1(p best,j -X j (t)) + c2r2(g best -X j (t))X j (t + 1) = X j (t) + v j (t + 1)

[0275] In the formula, j represents the serial number of the particle; v j represents the velocity of the j-th particle; w is the inertia weight; c1 is the first learning factor; c2 is the second learning factor; p best,j is the individual historical optimal position of the j-th particle; g best is the global optimal position of the entire population, X j is the position of the j-th particle;

[0276] The objective function is transformed into a fitness value, and a constraint penalty term is added:

[0277]

[0278] In the formula, λ is the penalty coefficient, which imposes a penalty on the solution with over-limit load, forcing the algorithm to search the feasible solution space and improving the practical operability of the optimization result;

[0279] As Figure 2 shown, the particle swarm size, the maximum number of iterations, the initial position, and the velocity range are set, the fitness value of each particle is calculated, and the individual optimal p best,j and the global optimal g best are updated. The inertia weight w is dynamically adjusted. After the velocity v j and the position X j are updated, the particles exceeding ΔR f,i ≤P t,i are corrected (boundary constraint handling, dynamic inertia weight adjustment, particle state reset), balancing the global search and local convergence capabilities and avoiding the premature convergence problem of the traditional particle swarm algorithm. The particle swarm algorithm is used to solve high-dimensional non-linear optimization problems and avoid falling into local optima.

[0280] Example 3

[0281] A computer-readable medium has a computer program stored thereon, and the computer program, when running, executes the quantization method for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on the intelligent optimization algorithm in Example 2.

[0282] The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk memories, CD-ROMs, optical memories, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0283] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be implemented by computer program instructions, and the combination of the flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram can also be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in one Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0284] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means, and the instruction means implement the functions specified in one Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0285] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0286] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit the scope of its protection. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that after reading the present invention, various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation manners of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A quantization system for an air conditioner to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, characterized in that Including: An air conditioner usage cost and benefit model construction module, which is used to obtain the air conditioner usage cost according to the typical daily air conditioner load characteristic data after the air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation, obtain the air conditioner usage benefit according to the electricity bill saved and the subsidy obtained after the air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation, and construct an air conditioner usage cost and benefit model according to the air conditioner usage cost and the air conditioner usage benefit; A power grid regulation cost and benefit model construction module, which is used to establish a power grid regulation cost and benefit model according to the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform generated by the power grid when the air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation and the benefit of the power grid saving operation cost when the air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation compared with when the air conditioner users do not participate in the power grid regulation; An air conditioner load reduction amount solving module, which is used to establish an objective function for maximizing the single-day profit of the air conditioner user benefit according to the air conditioner usage cost and benefit model, establish a constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero according to the air conditioner usage cost and benefit model and the power grid regulation cost and benefit model, and solve the air conditioner load reduction amount when the air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation by using the particle swarm algorithm according to the objective function and the constraint condition.

2. The quantization system for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 1, wherein: In the air conditioner usage cost and benefit model construction module, the specific method for obtaining the air conditioner usage cost according to the typical daily air conditioner load characteristic data after the air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation, obtaining the air conditioner usage benefit according to the electricity bill saved and the subsidy obtained after the air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation, and constructing an air conditioner usage cost and benefit model according to the air conditioner usage cost and the air conditioner usage benefit is as follows: The usage cost in the air conditioner usage cost and benefit model includes comfort cost, depreciation cost of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation, and installation and transformation cost of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation. The usage benefit in the air conditioner usage cost and benefit model includes electricity bill saving benefit and demand response subsidy benefit; The comfort cost is where B f,i is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for the i-th type of user, where i represents the i-th type of air-conditioning user, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4, representing residential users, production service commercial users among commercial users, reception service commercial users among commercial users, and industrial users, respectively; B f,1 is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for residential users, B f,2 is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for production service commercial users among commercial users, B f,3 is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for reception service commercial users among commercial users, B f,4 is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for industrial users; For residential users, by weighting the squared deviation between the outdoor temperature and the neutral temperature of the human body in each time period, and combining the temperature influence time length and the monetization coefficient of residential comfort, the economic cost B incurred by residential users due to temperature discomfort is obtained f,1 , which is expressed by the formula as follows: where α is the monetization coefficient of residents' comfort, which is used to convert the temperature deviation into economic losses; s is the time weight coefficient, which is used to reflect the difference in the influence of temperature deviation at different times; T out is the outdoor temperature; T s is the neutral temperature of the human body; Δt is the length of the time affected by temperature; For commercial users, including production service commercial users and hospitality service commercial users; among them, for production service commercial users, the loss of work efficiency of staff caused by temperature changes is calculated through the work efficiency function of the staff of production service commercial users, and combined with the economic output value of the staff and the length of time affected by temperature, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort for production service commercial users is obtained f,2 For hospitality service commercial users, by calculating the percentage of dissatisfaction of guests received by hospitality service commercial users caused by temperature changes, and combined with the turnover of the staff, the economic cost B caused by temperature discomfort for hospitality service commercial users is obtained f,3 The formula is as follows: B f2 = ∑ t (1 - β(T in )ω2N op Δt), ω2 = G DP / t ω ; B f3 = ω3 × N t × R, ω3 = M DP / N, R = 0.0136(T op - T s ) 2 - 0.002(T op - T s ) + 0.0438; T s = 0.3178T out + 15.479; where β(T in ) is the work efficiency function of the staff of production service commercial users; ω2 is the economic output value per person per hour of the staff of production service commercial users; N op is the number of staff of production service commercial users; G DP is the benchmark economic output value per person of the staff of production service commercial users; t ω is the benchmark total working hours per person of the staff of production service commercial users; ω3 is the operating income per person per hour of the staff of reception service commercial users; R is the dissatisfaction of the guests received by the reception service commercial users due to temperature difference; N t is the number of staff of reception service commercial users; T op is the actual operating temperature of the air conditioner; M DP is the daily turnover of the staff of reception service commercial users; N is the business hours of the staff of reception service commercial users; For industrial users, by calculating the loss of production capacity and equipment life caused by temperature changes and combining the length of time affected by temperature, the economic cost B incurred by industrial users due to temperature discomfort is obtained. f,4 , and the calculation formula is as follows: where γ prod is the economic coefficient affected by the production process, reflecting the impact of temperature changes on production efficiency; ΔP t is the production capacity loss caused by temperature changes at time t; γ equip is the economic coefficient of equipment loss, reflecting the impact of temperature changes on equipment life; ΔD t is the additional equipment loss rate caused by temperature changes at time t; The depreciation cost of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation is obtained by dividing the initial cost of the air conditioner by the depreciation life and then subtracting the air conditioner maintenance cost, and the formula is expressed as: Where B N,i is the depreciation cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in the power grid regulation; n is the depreciation life of the air conditioner; M w,i is the maintenance cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; M t,i is the initial cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; The installation and transformation cost of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation is obtained by multiplying the power of the air conditioner to be transformed by the transformation cost per unit power, and the formula is expressed as: B d,i = P f,i × S f,i where B d,i is the installation and transformation cost for the air conditioner of the i-th type of user to participate in power grid regulation; P f,i is the load capacity for the installation or retrofit of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; S f,i is the unit load installation and retrofit cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user.

3. The quantization system for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 2, wherein: The usage benefit is obtained by multiplying the sum of the subsidy per unit load of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation and the electricity bill per unit load by the load reduction amount of the air conditioner participating in the power grid regulation, and the formula is as follows: C m,i = ΔR f,i (L C,i + M C,i ) Where C m,i is the usage revenue of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; ΔR f,i is the load reduction amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation; L C,i is the subsidy for the unit load amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation, and M C,i is the electricity fee for the unit load amount of the i-th type of user.

4. The quantization system for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 3, wherein: In the power grid regulation cost and benefit model construction module, the specific method for establishing a power grid regulation cost and benefit model according to the construction cost of the air conditioner load management platform generated by the power grid when the air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation and the benefit of the power grid saving operation cost when the air conditioner users participate in the power grid regulation compared with when the air conditioner users do not participate in the power grid regulation is as follows: The costs in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model include the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform for the power grid. The benefits in the power grid regulation cost and benefit model include the saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving, the saved power generation fuel cost, the saved transmission and distribution cost, the saved cost of newly built power generation capacity, and the saved carbon dioxide emission cost; The construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform for the power grid is obtained by multiplying the air-conditioning load accessed by the air-conditioning load management platform by the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform per unit air-conditioning load. The specific formula is as follows: B r,i = P y,i × S y,i where B r,i is the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform for the power grid of the i-th type of user, and P y is the air-conditioning load connected to the air-conditioning load management platform of the i-th type of user; S y is the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform for the unit air-conditioning load of the i-th type of user.

5. The quantization system for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 4, wherein: The saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving is obtained by multiplying the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of a coal-fired unit by the load reduction amount of the air conditioner due to its participation in power grid regulation to obtain the annual saved cost, and then converting the annual saved cost into the total present value of the entire cycle through the present value factor of an annuity. The formula is expressed as: Where C f,i is the cost of the generation capacity for peak shaving saved by the i-th type of user, and C hdo,i is the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired unit for peak shaving due to the i-th type of user; P i is the actual regulation power provided by the air conditioner of the i-th type of user when participating in the power grid peak shaving; (A, i 0,i , T) i is the present value factor of the annuity of the i-th type of user, representing the present value conversion factor of the unit capital flow under the discount rate i 0,i of the i-th type of user and the time period T; The saved transmission and distribution cost is obtained by multiplying the load reduction amount of the air conditioner due to its participation in power grid regulation by the investment cost per unit capacity of the power grid. The formula is expressed as: Where C d,i is the transmission and distribution cost saved by the i-th type of users, and C z is the total investment cost of the power grid; R z is the total capacity of the power grid; The saved power generation fuel cost is obtained by multiplying the reduced power consumption of the air conditioner after participating in power grid regulation by the marginal fuel cost per unit of electricity. The formula is expressed as: C r,i = ΔL i × AC where C r,i is the cost of power generation fuel saved for the i-th type of user, and ΔL i is the reduction in electricity consumption of the i-th type of user after the air conditioner participates in grid regulation; AC is the marginal cost of fuel per unit of electricity The saved cost of newly built power generation capacity is obtained by multiplying the load reduction amount of the air conditioner due to its participation in power grid regulation by the unit investment cost of the newly added capacity of the power grid. The formula is expressed as: C N,i = ΔR f,i × ΔC n Where C N,i is the cost of new power generation capacity saved by the i-th type of user, and ΔC n is the investment cost per unit of new capacity in the power grid; The saved carbon dioxide emission cost is obtained by multiplying the unit carbon dioxide price by the carbon dioxide emission equivalent. The formula is expressed as: C e,i = F C M C where C e,i is the carbon dioxide emission reduction cost saved by the i-th type of user, and F C is the unit price of carbon dioxide; M C is the carbon dioxide emission equivalent; ΔQ t,i The electricity consumption reduced by the air conditioner of the i-th type of user within the time period t; B is the carbon emission intensity of the coal-fired unit.

6. The quantization system for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 5, wherein: In the air-conditioning load reduction amount solving module, the specific method for establishing the objective function of maximizing the single-day profit of the air-conditioning user's income according to the air-conditioning usage cost and benefit model, and establishing the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero according to the air-conditioning usage cost and benefit model and the power grid regulation cost and benefit model is: Establish the objective function based on the maximization of the profit of air-conditioning users in the power grid regulation area. The formula is as follows: In the formula, k is the total number of air-conditioning user types in the power grid regulation area; Establish the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero and the air-conditioning load at time t in the power grid regulation area is greater than the load reduction amount of the air conditioner participating in power grid regulation. The formula is as follows: Where P t,i is the air-conditioning load of the i-th type of user in the power grid regulation area at time t.

7. The quantization system for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 6, wherein: In the air-conditioning load reduction amount solving module, the specific method for solving the air-conditioning load reduction amount of air-conditioning users participating in power grid regulation by using the particle swarm algorithm according to the objective function and the constraint condition is: Express the particle position X as the solution vector of each user's load reduction amount, i.e., X = [ΔR1, ΔR2,..., ΔR n , and the velocity update formula is: v j (t + 1) = w·v j (t) + c1r1(p best,j -X j (t)) + c2r2(g best -X j (t))X j (t + 1) = X j (t) + v j (t + 1) where \(i\) represents the serial number of the particle; \(v\) j represents the velocity of the \(j\)-th particle; \(w\) is the inertia weight; \(c_1\) is the first learning factor; \(c_2\) is the second learning factor; \(p\) best,j is the individual historical optimal position of the \(j\)-th particle; \(g\) best is the global optimal position of the entire population, \(X\) j is the position of the \(j\)-th particle; Convert the objective function into a fitness value and add a constraint penalty term: In the formula, λ is the penalty coefficient; Set the particle swarm size, maximum number of iterations, initial position, and velocity range, calculate the fitness value of each particle, and update the individual best p best,j and the global best g best , dynamically adjust the inertia weight w, and after updating the velocity v j and the position X j , correct the particles that exceed ΔR f,i ≤P t,i .

8. A quantization method for an air conditioner to participate in power grid regulation based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, characterized in that, Including: Obtain the air-conditioning usage cost according to the typical daily air-conditioning load characteristic data after the air-conditioning users participate in power grid regulation, obtain the air-conditioning usage income according to the saved electricity cost and the obtained subsidy after the air-conditioning users participate in power grid regulation, and construct an air-conditioning usage cost and benefit model according to the air-conditioning usage cost and the air-conditioning usage income; Based on the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform generated by air-conditioning users participating in power grid regulation, and the revenue of the power grid saved by air-conditioning users participating in power grid regulation compared with air-conditioning users not participating in power grid regulation, a power grid regulation cost and revenue model is established; According to the air-conditioning user cost and revenue model, an objective function for maximizing the single-day profit of air-conditioning users is established. According to the air-conditioning user cost and revenue model and the power grid regulation cost and revenue model, a constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero is established. According to the objective function and the constraint condition, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the air-conditioning load reduction amount of air-conditioning users participating in power grid regulation.

9. The quantization method for air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation based on the intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 8, wherein: In the air-conditioning user cost and revenue model construction module, the air-conditioning use cost is obtained according to the typical daily air-conditioning load characteristic data after air-conditioning users participate in power grid regulation, and the air-conditioning use revenue is obtained according to the electricity bill saved and the subsidy obtained by air-conditioning users participating in power grid regulation. The specific method for constructing the air-conditioning user cost and revenue model according to the air-conditioning use cost and the air-conditioning use revenue is as follows: The use cost in the air-conditioning user cost and revenue model includes comfort cost, depreciation cost of air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation, and installation and transformation cost of air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation. The use revenue in the air-conditioning user cost and revenue model includes electricity bill saving revenue and demand response subsidy revenue; The comfort cost is Wherein, B f,i is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for the i-th type of user, where i represents the i-th type of air-conditioning user, and i = 1, 2, 3, 4, representing residential users, production service commercial users among commercial users, reception service commercial users among commercial users, and industrial users, respectively; B f,1 is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for residential users, B f,2 is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for production service commercial users among commercial users, B f,3 is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for reception service commercial users among commercial users, B f,4 is the economic cost caused by temperature discomfort for industrial users; For residential users, by weighting the squared deviation between the outdoor temperature and the human neutral temperature in each time period, and combining the temperature influence time length and the monetization coefficient of residential comfort, the economic cost B incurred by residential users due to temperature discomfort is obtained f,1 , which is expressed by the formula as follows: where α is the monetization coefficient of residents' comfort, which is used to convert temperature deviation into economic loss; s is the time weight coefficient, which is used to reflect the difference in the impact of temperature deviation in different periods; T out is the outdoor temperature; T s is the neutral temperature of the human body; Δt is the length of the temperature influence time; For commercial users, including production service commercial users and hospitality service commercial users; among them, for production service commercial users, the loss of work efficiency of staff caused by temperature changes is calculated through the work efficiency function of the staff of production service commercial users, and combined with the economic output value of the staff and the length of time affected by temperature, the economic cost B incurred by production service commercial users due to temperature discomfort is obtained f,2 For hospitality service commercial users, by calculating the percentage of dissatisfaction of the guests received by hospitality service commercial users caused by temperature changes, and combined with the turnover of the staff, the economic cost B incurred by hospitality service commercial users due to temperature discomfort is obtained f,3 The formula is expressed as follows: B f2 = ∑ t (1 - β(T in )ω2N op Δt), ω2 = G DP / t ω ; B f3 = ω3 × N t × R, ω3 = M DP / N, R = 0.0136(T op - T s ) 2 - 0.002(T op - T s ) + 0.0438; T s = 0.3178T out + 15.479; where β(T in ) is the work efficiency function of the staff of production service commercial users; ω2 is the economic output value per person per hour of the staff of production service commercial users; N op is the number of the staff of production service commercial users; G DP is the benchmark economic output value per person of the staff of production service commercial users; t ω is the benchmark total working hours per person of the staff of production service commercial users; ω3 is the operating income per person per hour of the staff of reception service commercial users; R is the dissatisfaction of the guests received by the reception service commercial users due to temperature difference; N t is the number of the staff of reception service commercial users; T op is the actual operating temperature of the air conditioner; M DP is the daily turnover of the staff of reception service commercial users; N is the business hours of the staff of reception service commercial users; For industrial users, by calculating the loss of production capacity and equipment life caused by temperature changes and combining it with the duration of temperature impact, the economic cost B incurred by industrial users due to temperature discomfort is obtained. f,4 , and the calculation formula is as follows: where γ prod is the economic coefficient affected by the production process, reflecting the impact of temperature change on production efficiency; ΔP t is the production capacity loss caused by temperature change at time t; γ equip is the economic coefficient of equipment loss, reflecting the impact of temperature change on equipment life; ΔD t is the additional equipment loss rate caused by temperature change at time t; The depreciation cost of the air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation is obtained by dividing the initial cost of the air-conditioning by the depreciation life and then subtracting the air-conditioning maintenance cost. The formula is expressed as: where B N,i is the depreciation cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation; n is the depreciation life of the air conditioner; M w,i is the maintenance cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; M t,i is the initial cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; The installation and transformation cost of the air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation is obtained by multiplying the power of the air-conditioning to be transformed by the transformation cost per unit power. The formula is expressed as: B d,i = P f,i × S f,i where B d,i is the installation and transformation cost for the air conditioner of the i-th type of user to participate in power grid regulation; P f,i is the load capacity for the installation or retrofit of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; S f,i is the unit load installation and retrofit cost of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user.

10. The quantization method for air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation based on the intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 9, wherein: The use revenue is obtained by multiplying the sum of the subsidy per unit load of air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation and the electricity bill per unit load by the load reduction amount of air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation. The formula is as follows: C m,i = ΔR f,i (L C,i + M C,i ) where C m,i is the usage benefit of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user; ΔR f,i is the load reduction amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation; L C,i is the subsidy for the unit load amount of the air conditioner of the i-th type of user participating in power grid regulation, and M C,i is the electricity charge for the unit load amount of the i-th type of user.

11. The quantization method for air-conditioning participating in power grid regulation based on the intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 10, wherein: In the power grid regulation cost and revenue model construction module, based on the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform generated by air-conditioning users participating in power grid regulation, and the revenue of the power grid saved by air-conditioning users participating in power grid regulation compared with air-conditioning users not participating in power grid regulation, the specific method for establishing the power grid regulation cost and revenue model is as follows: The cost in the power grid regulation cost and revenue model includes the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform of the power grid. The revenue in the power grid regulation cost and revenue model includes the saved power generation capacity cost for peak shaving, the saved power generation fuel cost, the saved transmission and distribution cost, the saved new power generation capacity cost, and the saved carbon dioxide emission cost; The construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform of the power grid is obtained by multiplying the air-conditioning load accessed by the air-conditioning load management platform by the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform per unit air-conditioning load. The specific formula is as follows: B r,i = P y,i × S y,i Where, B r,i is the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform for the power grid of the i-th type of user, and P y is the air-conditioning load connected to the air-conditioning load management platform of the i-th type of user; S y is the construction cost of the air-conditioning load management platform for the unit air-conditioning load of the i-th type of user.

12. The quantization method for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 11, characterized in that: The annual cost savings of the power generation capacity for peak shaving are obtained by multiplying the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of coal-fired units by the load reduction amount of air conditioners due to their participation in power grid regulation to obtain the annual cost savings, and then converting the annual cost savings into the total present value of the entire cycle through the present value factor of an annuity. The formula is expressed as: Where, C f,i is the cost of the generation capacity for peak shaving saved by the i-th type of user, and C hdo,i is the annual operation and maintenance cost per unit power of the coal-fired unit for peak shaving due to the i-th type of user; P i is the actual regulation power provided by the air conditioner of the i-th type of user when participating in the grid peak shaving; (A, i 0,i , T) i is the present value factor of the annuity of the i-th type of user, representing the present value conversion factor of the unit capital flow under the discount rate i 0,i and the time period T of the i-th type of user; The saved transmission and distribution costs are obtained by multiplying the load reduction amount of air conditioners due to their participation in power grid regulation by the investment cost per unit capacity of the power grid. The formula is expressed as: where C d,i is the transmission and distribution cost saved by the i-th type of user, and C z is the total investment cost of the power grid; R z is the total capacity of the power grid; The saved power generation fuel costs are obtained by multiplying the reduced power consumption after air conditioners participate in power grid regulation by the marginal fuel cost per unit of electricity. The formula is expressed as: C r,i = ΔL i × AC where C r,i is the cost of power generation fuel saved for the i-th type of user, and ΔL i is the reduced power consumption of the i-th type of user after the air conditioner participates in grid regulation; AC is the marginal fuel cost per unit of power The saved cost of newly built power generation capacity is obtained by multiplying the load reduction amount of air conditioners due to their participation in power grid regulation by the unit investment cost of the newly added capacity of the power grid. The formula is expressed as: C N,i = ΔR f,i × ΔC n Wherein, C N ,i is the cost of newly built power generation capacity saved by the i-th type of user, and ΔC n is the investment cost per unit capacity of the new power grid; The saved carbon dioxide emission cost is obtained by multiplying the price per unit of carbon dioxide by the carbon dioxide emission equivalent. The formula is expressed as: C e,i = F C M C where C e,i is the cost of carbon dioxide emissions saved by the i-th type of user, and F C is the unit price of carbon dioxide; M C is the carbon dioxide emission equivalent; ΔQ t,i The electricity consumption reduced by the air conditioner of the i-th type of user within the time period t; B is the carbon emission intensity of the coal-fired unit.

13. The quantization method for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the air conditioner load reduction amount solving module, the specific method for establishing the objective function of maximizing the single-day profit of air conditioner users' revenue based on the air conditioner usage cost and revenue model, and establishing the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero based on the air conditioner usage cost and revenue model and the power grid regulation cost and revenue model is as follows: Establish the objective function based on maximizing the profit of air conditioner users in the power grid regulation area. The formula is as follows: In the formula, k is the total number of air conditioner user types in the power grid regulation area; Establish the constraint condition that the net profit of the power grid is greater than or equal to zero and the air conditioner load at time t in the power grid regulation area is greater than the load reduction amount of air conditioners participating in power grid regulation. The formula is as follows: where P t,i is the air-conditioning load of the i-th type of user in the power grid regulation area at time t.

14. The quantization method for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on intelligent optimization algorithm according to claim 13, characterized in that: In the air conditioner load reduction amount solving module, the specific method for solving the air conditioner load reduction amount of air conditioner users participating in power grid regulation using the particle swarm algorithm according to the objective function and the constraint condition is as follows: The particle position X is expressed as the solution vector of each user's load reduction amount, that is, X = [ΔR1, ΔR2,..., ΔR n , and the velocity update formula is: v j (t + 1) = w·v j (t) + c1r1(p best,j -X j (t)) + c2r2(g best -X j (t))X j (t + 1) = X j (t) + v j (t + 1) where j represents the serial number of the particle; v j represents the velocity of the j-th particle; w is the inertia weight; c1 is the first learning factor; c2 is the second learning factor; p best,j is the individual historical optimal position of the j-th particle; g best is the global optimal position of the entire population, X j is the position of the j-th particle; Convert the objective function into a fitness value and add a constraint penalty term: In the formula, λ is the penalty coefficient; Set the particle swarm size, maximum number of iterations, initial position, and velocity range, calculate the fitness value of each particle, and update the individual best p best,j and the global best g best , dynamically adjust the inertia weight w, and after updating the velocity v j and the position X j , correct the particles that exceed ΔR f,i ≤P t,i .

15. A computer-readable medium, on which a computer program / instructions are stored, and the computer program / instructions execute the quantization method for air conditioners to participate in power grid regulation based on intelligent optimization algorithm according to any one of claims 8 - 14 when running.

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