Feed additive for improving growth performance and oxidation resistance of Bazi ternary pigs

Abstract

The invention provides a feed additive for improving the growth performance and oxidation resistance of Bamei ternary pigs, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The feed additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 16-24 parts of a lycium ruthenicum extract, 13-17 parts of an olive leaf extract, 10-15 parts of a mulberry leaf extract, 8-12 parts of a Chinese yam extract, 8-12 parts of a plantain herb extract, 5-10 parts of a hawthorn extract and 1-3 parts of a piper sarmentosum extract. The feed additive can fully meet the oxidative stress requirements of the Bamei ternary pigs in the growth process for various stress factors, and the oxidation resistance of the Bamei ternary pigs is comprehensively improved; meanwhile, the feed additive can also promote intestinal micro-ecological health and growth and development of the Bamei ternary pigs, and the feed utilization rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive for improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs. Background Art

[0002] As a characteristic local pig breed in the northwest region, Bamei pigs have the characteristics of being resistant to roughage, strong stress resistance, and excellent meat quality. However, problems such as slow growth rate, low feed conversion efficiency, and excessive subcutaneous fat deposition limit the economic benefits of its large-scale farming. At present, by establishing a purebred breeding and cross-breeding utilization system, appropriately pure-breeding to preserve the breed, breeding a large number of Bamei two-way sows, and promoting the three-way dominant cross-breeding combination, not only maintains the excellent meat quality flavor of Qinghai Bamei pigs but also overcomes the disadvantages of slow growth and poor hindquarter development. In recent years, with the increasing demand for high-quality pork by consumers and the pursuit of green and healthy breeding models in the livestock industry, how to improve the growth performance of Bamei three-way pigs, optimize carcass composition, and enhance meat quality through nutritional regulation means has become one of the key research directions.

[0003] In traditional farming, antibiotics and chemical growth promoters were widely used to improve animal production performance. However, their long-term use easily leads to problems such as drug residues, bacterial drug resistance, and environmental pollution. For example, although antibiotic feed can improve growth performance in the short term, it may disrupt the balance of the intestinal flora, affect the immune system function, and even threaten human health through the food chain.

[0004] The application of green feed additives is an important direction to replace antibiotics. It is necessary to provide a feed additive that takes into account growth promotion and antioxidant performance according to the special nutritional needs of Bamei three-way pigs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed additive for improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a feed additive for improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 16-24 parts of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. extract, 13-17 parts of olive leaf extract, 10-15 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 8-12 parts of Chinese yam extract, 8-12 parts of plantain extract, 5-10 parts of hawthorn extract, and 1-3 parts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. extract.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the olive leaf extract comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Mix olive leaves with hydrochloric acid solution for reaction to obtain an olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution;

[0010] (2) Adjust the pH of the hydrolyzed solution of olive leaf acid to 6.8 - 7.2, perform solid-liquid separation, concentrate and dry the liquid part to obtain olive leaf extract.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the mass-volume ratio of the olive leaf to the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.8 - 1.2 g: 40 - 60 mL; the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.18 - 0.22 mol / L.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the temperature of the mixed reaction is 70 - 85 °C, the rate is 150 - 200 rpm, and the time is 3 - 5 h.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the solution used for adjusting the pH is sodium hydroxide solution; the method of solid-liquid separation is centrifugation, the centrifugation rate is 1500 - 2500 rpm, and the time is 8 - 12 min.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the concentration is reduced pressure concentration to 1 / 8 - 1 / 12 of the original volume, the drying is spray drying, the inlet air temperature during spray drying is 130 - 150 °C, and the outlet air temperature is 40 - 60 °C.

[0015] The present invention provides a feed for improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs, and the feed contains the above-mentioned feed additive.

[0016] Preferably, the content of the feed additive in the feed is 0.8 - 1.2%.

[0017] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned feed additive or the above-mentioned feed in improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention provides a feed additive for improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs. The added plant extract is rich in various active ingredients, which can fully meet the oxidative stress requirements of Bamei three-way pigs in the growth process to cope with various stress factors, and comprehensively improve the antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs; at the same time, the feed additive can also promote the intestinal microecological health and growth and development of Bamei three-way pigs, and improve the feed utilization rate.

[0020] The feed additives of the present invention all come from natural Chinese herbal medicines, which can avoid the potential threat to food safety caused by the residue risk of chemical synthetic antioxidants in Bamei three-way pigs, meet the pursuit of modern consumers for green and healthy foods, have the characteristics of safety and high efficiency, and can be continuously and sustainably applied in the Bamei three-way pig breeding industry for a long time. Description of the Drawings

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained based on the provided accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is the determination result of the superoxide dismutase activity in the serum of three-way pigs in different treatment groups in the test examples;

[0023] Figure 2 It is the determination result of the malondialdehyde level in the serum of three-way pigs in different treatment groups in the test examples;

[0024] Figure 3 It is the determination result of the glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum of three-way pigs in different treatment groups in the test examples;

[0025] Figure 4 It is the determination result of the catalase activity in the serum of three-way pigs in different treatment groups in the test examples;

[0026] Figure 5 It is the determination result of the superoxide dismutase activity in the heart of three-way pigs in different treatment groups in the test examples;

[0027] Figure 6 It is the determination result of the malondialdehyde level in the heart of three-way pigs in different treatment groups in the test examples;

[0028] Figure 7 It is the determination result of the catalase activity in the heart of three-way pigs in different treatment groups in the test examples;

[0029] Figure 8 It is the determination result of the superoxide dismutase activity in the heart of three-way pigs in different treatment groups in the test examples. Specific Embodiments

[0030] The present invention provides a feed additive for improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs, comprising the following components in parts by mass: 16 - 24 parts of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. extract, 13 - 17 parts of olive leaf extract, 10 - 15 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 8 - 12 parts of Chinese yam extract, 8 - 12 parts of plantain extract, 5 - 10 parts of hawthorn extract, and 1 - 3 parts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. extract.

[0031] In the present invention, the feed additive preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 18 - 22 parts of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. extract, 14 - 16 parts of olive leaf extract, 11 - 14 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 9 - 11 parts of Chinese yam extract, 9 - 11 parts of plantain extract, 7 - 9 parts of hawthorn extract, and 1.5 - 2.5 parts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. extract.

[0032] In the present invention, the feed additive is further preferably composed of the following components by mass: 20 parts of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. extract, 15 parts of olive leaf extract, 13 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 10 parts of Chinese yam extract, 10 parts of plantain extract, 8 parts of hawthorn extract, and 2 parts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. extract.

[0033] In the present invention, the preparation method of the olive leaf extract comprises the following steps:

[0034] (1) Mix olive leaves with a hydrochloric acid solution for reaction to obtain an olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution;

[0035] (2) Adjust the pH of the olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution to 6.8 - 7.2, perform solid-liquid separation, concentrate and dry the liquid part to obtain the olive leaf extract.

[0036] In the present invention, in step (1), the mass-volume ratio of the olive leaves to the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.8 - 1.2 g: 40 - 60 mL, preferably 0.9 - 1.1 g: 45 - 55 mL, and more preferably 1 g: 50 mL; the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.18 - 0.22 mol / L, preferably 0.19 - 0.21 mol / L, and more preferably 0.2 mol / L.

[0037] In the present invention, in step (1), the temperature of the mixing reaction is 70 - 85 °C, preferably 72 - 80 °C, and more preferably 75 °C, the rate is 150 - 200 rpm, preferably 180 rpm, and the time is 3 - 5 h, preferably 4 h.

[0038] In the present invention, in step (2), it is preferably to adjust the pH of the olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution to 6.9 - 7.1, and more preferably to adjust the pH of the olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution to 7.0.

[0039] In the present invention, the solution used for pH adjustment in step (2) is a sodium hydroxide solution; the solid-liquid separation method is centrifugation, the centrifugation rate is 1500 - 2500 rpm, preferably 1800 - 2200 rpm, and more preferably 2000 rpm, and the time is 8 - 12 min, preferably 9 - 11 min, and more preferably 10 min.

[0040] In the present invention, the concentration in step (2) is to concentrate under reduced pressure to 1 / 8 - 1 / 12 of the original volume, preferably 1 / 9 - 1 / 11, and more preferably 1 / 10; the drying is spray drying, the inlet air temperature during spray drying is 130 - 150 °C, preferably 135 - 145 °C, and more preferably 140 °C, and the outlet air temperature is 40 - 60 °C, preferably 45 - 55 °C, and more preferably 50 °C.

[0041] The invention provides a feed for improving the growth performance and anti-oxidation performance of Bamei Sanyuan pigs, wherein the feed contains the feed additive.

[0042] In the present invention, the content of the feed additive in the feed is 0.8-1.2%, preferably 0.9-1.1%, and more preferably 1%.

[0043] The present invention also provides an application of the feed additive or the feed in improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei Sanyuan pigs.

[0044] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] The black wolfberry extract used in the following examples was purchased from Qinghai Jinmaiqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with an anthocyanin content of 6.74%; mulberry leaf extract and hawthorn extract were purchased from Lanzhou Waterless Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; yam extract and plantain extract were purchased from Shanyang Lianfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and pseudokonjac extract was purchased from Ningxia Vanilla Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A feed additive is prepared from the following components in mass fractions: 16 parts of black wolfberry extract, 13 parts of olive leaf extract, 10 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 8 parts of yam extract, 8 parts of plantain extract, 5 parts of hawthorn extract, and 1 part of pseudokonjac extract.

[0048] Wherein, the preparation method of the olive leaf extract is:

[0049] (1) olive leaf powder (passed through a 40-mesh sieve) was mixed with a 0.18 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:40 mL, and reacted at 70° C. and 150 rpm for 3 h to obtain an olive leaf acid hydrolyzate solution;

[0050] (2) The pH of the olive leaf acid hydrolyzate solution was adjusted to 6.8 with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the solution was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 8 min. The supernatant was concentrated under reduced pressure to 1 / 8 of the original volume, and spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 130° C. and an outlet air temperature of 40° C. to obtain an olive leaf extract.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A feed additive is prepared from the following components in mass fractions: 24 parts of black wolfberry extract, 17 parts of olive leaf extract, 15 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 12 parts of yam extract, 12 parts of plantain extract, 10 parts of hawthorn extract, and 3 parts of pseudokonjac extract.

[0053] Among them, the preparation method of the olive leaf extract is as follows:

[0054] (1) Mix olive leaf powder (sieved through 40 mesh) with 0.22 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1 g:60 mL, react at 85 °C and 200 rpm for 5 h to obtain an olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution;

[0055] (2) Adjust the pH of the olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution to 7.2 with sodium hydroxide solution, centrifuge at 2500 rpm for 12 min, concentrate the supernatant under reduced pressure to 1 / 12 of the original volume, and spray dry at an inlet air temperature of 150 °C and an outlet air temperature of 60 °C to obtain the olive leaf extract.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] A feed additive is prepared from the following components by mass fraction: 20 parts of black wolfberry extract, 15 parts of olive leaf extract, 13 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 10 parts of Chinese yam extract, 10 parts of plantain extract, 8 parts of hawthorn extract, and 2 parts of Piper sarmentosum extract.

[0058] Among them, the preparation method of the olive leaf extract is as follows:

[0059] (1) Mix olive leaf powder (sieved through 40 mesh) with 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1 g:50 mL, react at 75 °C and 180 rpm for 4 h to obtain an olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution;

[0060] (2) Adjust the pH of the olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution to 7.0 with sodium hydroxide solution, centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 10 min, concentrate the supernatant under reduced pressure to 1 / 10 of the original volume, and spray dry at an inlet air temperature of 140 °C and an outlet air temperature of 50 °C to obtain the olive leaf extract.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is only that this comparative example does not add olive leaf extract and Chinese yam extract, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is only that this comparative example does not add mulberry leaf extract and hawthorn extract, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is only that, in this comparative example, the mulberry leaf extract is replaced with an equal amount of purslane extract, and the hawthorn extract is replaced with an equal amount of honeysuckle extract, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0067] Test Example 1

[0068] 1. Test method

[0069] Sixty "Landrace×Large White×Bamei" three-way pigs of the same batch (6 - 7 weeks old) with a body weight of 8.0 ± 0.5 kg were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 4 pigs in each replicate. The dry matter intake was calculated based on the feeding amount and the remaining amount, and the feeding amount was adjusted daily to observe the feeding situation of the pigs. The test period was 42 days, including a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 35-day formal test period. Before the start of the test, the pigs were immunized and dewormed, and during the test process, the pig farm disinfection procedures were followed, and the pigs had free access to food and water.

[0070] The test diet was formulated with reference to the "Feeding Standard of Live Swine" (NY / T 65 - 2004), and the composition and nutrient content of the diet are shown in Table 1. After the end of the pre-feeding period, the control group was fed the basal diet, and the other 4 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1% of the feed additives prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3, respectively.

[0071] Table 1 Composition and nutrient content of the basal diet (dry matter basis)

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] 1). The premix provided per kilogram of diet: VB1 15 mg, VB2 30 mg, VB6 15 mg, VK3 5 mg, VB 12 0.5 mg, niacin 170 mg, pantothenic acid 50 mg, biotin 2.5 mg, folic acid 7.0 mg, VA 8000 IU, VD 1800 IU, VE 50 mg, Mn 30 mg, Zn 120 mg, Fe 80 mg, Cu 35 mg, I 0.5 mg, Se 0.4 mg. 2). The calculated values of digestible energy and amino acids in the nutrient levels, and the other indicators are measured values.

[0075] 2. Determination of relevant indicators

[0076] (1) Growth performance

[0077] On the first day of the formal start and on the morning of the last day, all the test three-way pigs were weighed on an empty stomach, and the feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed to gain ratio (F / G) of each pen of three-way pigs were recorded. The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0078] ADG (g / d) = (Final weight - Initial weight) / Number of test days

[0079] ADFI (g / d) = Total dry matter intake / Number of test days

[0080] F / G = Average daily feed intake / Average daily gain

[0081] The calculation results were averaged, and the results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that compared with the control group, the average daily gain of the three - way pigs in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3 was significantly increased, and the feed - to - gain ratio was significantly decreased. This indicates that adding feed additives to the basal diet can significantly improve the growth rate and feed utilization rate of three - way pigs. Compared with Comparative Examples 1 - 3, the effect of improving the growth performance of three - way pigs in Example 3 was the best, indicating that the components in the feed additive prepared by the present invention cooperate with each other to jointly improve the growth performance of three - way pigs. The reason may be that the feed additive can reduce the impact of oxidative stress on the gastrointestinal digestion and absorption function of three - way pigs and enhance the body's metabolic capacity.

[0082] Table 2 Growth performance measurement results of three - way pigs

[0083] Treatment group ADG (g / d) ADFI (g / d) F / G Example 3 427.3 539.4 1.26 Comparative Example 1 412.2 587.9 1.43 Comparative Example 2 409.7 605.8 1.48 Comparative Example 3 415.6 554.3 1.33 Control group 213.4 437.1 2.05

[0084] (2) Antioxidant indexes

[0085] After the test, 6 three - way pigs were randomly selected from each group. Each pig was bled 10 mL from the jugular vein on an empty stomach, left to stand at 4°C for 3 h, centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 min, and the upper - layer serum sample was collected and stored at - 20°C; the heart tissue was collected and stored at - 80°C. Kits from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute were used to measure the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH - px), and catalase (CAT) in serum and heart.

[0086] The results are as Figures 1 to 8 shown. It can be seen that compared with the control group, the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the serum and heart of three - way pigs in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3 were significantly increased, and the levels of lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde were significantly decreased. This indicates that the antioxidant defense system in three - way pigs fed with the basal diet containing feed additives was effectively enhanced, and oxidative stress damage could be reduced. Compared with Comparative Examples 1 - 3, the improvement effect of the antioxidant performance of three - way pigs in Example 3 was the best, indicating that the best antioxidant effect can be achieved only by using the complete components of the feed additive of the present invention.

[0087] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive for improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs, characterized in that, It comprises components in the following parts by mass: 16 - 24 parts of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. extract, 13 - 17 parts of olive leaf extract, 10 - 15 parts of mulberry leaf extract, 8 - 12 parts of Chinese yam extract, 8 - 12 parts of Plantago asiatica extract, 5 - 10 parts of hawthorn extract, and 1 - 3 parts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. extract.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein The preparation method of the olive leaf extract comprises the following steps: (1) Mix and react olive leaves with a hydrochloric acid solution to obtain an olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution; (2) Adjust the pH of the olive leaf acid hydrolysis solution to 6.8 - 7.2, perform solid - liquid separation, concentrate and dry the liquid part to obtain the olive leaf extract.

3. The feed additive according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the mass - to - volume ratio of the olive leaves to the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.8 - 1.2 g:40 - 60 mL; the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.18 - 0.22 mol / L.

4. The feed additive according to claim 2, wherein In step (1), the temperature of the mixing reaction is 70 - 85 °C, the rate is 150 - 200 rpm, and the time is 3 - 5 h.

5. The feed additive according to claim 2, wherein In step (2), the solution used for adjusting the pH is a sodium hydroxide solution; the solid - liquid separation method is centrifugation, the centrifugation rate is 1500 - 2500 rpm, and the time is 8 - 12 min.

6. The feed additive according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (2), the concentration is by vacuum concentration to 1 / 8 - 1 / 12 of the original volume, the drying is by spray drying, the inlet air temperature during spray drying is 130 - 150 °C, and the outlet air temperature is 40 - 60 °C.

7. A feed for improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three-way pigs, characterized in that, The feed contains the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 - 6.

8. The feed according to claim 7, characterized in that, The content of the feed additive in the feed is 0.8 - 1.2%.

9. Use of the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 - 6 or the feed according to claim 7 or 8 in improving the growth performance and antioxidant performance of Bamei three - way pigs.

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