A method for preparing functional fish feed based on the synergistic combination of yeast cells and sodium gluconate, and the prepared feed and its application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preparing functional fish feed using yeast and sodium gluconate, the prepared feed, and its application, belonging to the field of aquatic feed processing technology. The present invention discloses a method for preparing functional fish feed using yeast and sodium gluconate. The method comprises preparing the fish feed using yeast fermented with erythritol, sodium gluconate, and modified starch. The method improves feed utilization by 5-10% and achieves a weight gain rate of 7-9%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquatic feed processing, and more particularly to a method for preparing functional fish feed based on the synergistic combination of yeast cells and sodium gluconate, and the prepared feed and its application. Background Art

[0002] As one of my country's most important aquatic products, freshwater fish plays a vital role in ensuring national aquatic product supply, increasing farmers' incomes, and promoting rural economic development. With rising living standards, demand for freshwater fish continues to grow, particularly for high-quality, green, and safe aquatic products. The market is substantial and has continued to grow in recent years. According to market research, my country's annual freshwater fish production has exceeded 10 million tons, accounting for half of the global total. With increasing domestic consumer demand and expanding export markets, the market is expected to continue its steady growth.

[0003] In the fish farming industry, feed costs account for 60%-70% of total production costs, and traditional feeds have the following core issues: High dependence on protein sources: They primarily rely on expensive raw materials such as fish meal and soybean meal, resulting in high costs. Insufficient functionality: Ordinary feeds only meet basic nutritional needs, lack immune-boosting and antioxidant properties, and are prone to growth stagnation due to disease or stress. Adhesive deficiencies: Traditional adhesives (such as carboxymethyl cellulose) are expensive and may contain residual chemicals that can affect fish health.

[0004] The yeast cells (OD600 ≥ 50) produced during erythritol production are typically discarded, despite being rich in protein (40-50%), nucleic acids, and β-glucans (10-30%), resulting in a significant waste of resources. Traditional erythritol fermentation processes require inactivation of the cells, increasing energy consumption and costs.

[0005] Sodium gluconate is produced from corn starch through enzymatic conversion to form colorless crystals or a white powder. It is readily soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. Chemically, it is a sugar derivative with a wide range of uses, particularly in the food industry and pharmaceuticals. Sodium gluconate is not only an effective food additive but is also used in various nutritional supplements due to its excellent solubility and stability.

[0006] Therefore, providing a method for preparing functional fish feed based on the synergistic combination of yeast cells and sodium gluconate, and the feed prepared therefrom and its application are issues that need to be urgently addressed by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for preparing functional fish feed based on the synergistic use of yeast cells and sodium gluconate, the prepared feed, and its application, wherein yeast cells fermented with erythritol, sodium gluconate, and modified starch are used together to prepare fish feed.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for preparing functional fish feed based on the synergistic combination of yeast cells and sodium gluconate comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) Bacteria pretreatment: Filter the erythritol fermentation broth through a 0.1 μm ceramic membrane to obtain a concentrated bacterial solution with an OD600 of 150-200 and a pH of 3.5-4.5; add 0.5-1% sodium gluconate by volume to the concentrated bacterial solution, stir and mix evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0011] (2) Construction of a high-viscosity matrix: Add 6-10% mass-volume ratio of modified starch to the mixed solution, gelatinize at 95-98°C for 15-20 minutes to form a uniform colloid to obtain a gelatinized material;

[0012] (3) Drying and molding: Spread the gelatinized material on a tray and place it in an oven at 50-70°C for 12-16 hours to control the final moisture content to ≤10%;

[0013] (4) Grind to 30-60 mesh to obtain uniform particles of fish feed.

[0014] Furthermore, the erythritol fermentation broth in step (1) is obtained by fermenting Candida lipolytica.

[0015] Furthermore, the modified starch in step (2) is phosphate starch.

[0016] Furthermore, the functional fish feed prepared by the method is provided.

[0017] Furthermore, the functional fish feed is used to improve feed utilization and weight gain.

[0018] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for preparing functional fish feed based on the synergistic combination of yeast cells and sodium gluconate, and the prepared feed and application thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) Efficient utilization of resources: The ceramic membrane directly intercepts the living bacteria, avoiding the sterilization step, retaining the active ingredients of the bacteria, and realizing the high-value utilization of erythritol fermentation by-products.

[0020] (2) Functional synergy: Sodium gluconate can be used as a biological circulation regulator. By adjusting the water environment, it affects the metabolism and biochemical reactions in aquaculture organisms, thereby improving the resistance of aquaculture organisms and reducing the incidence of disease. In addition, sodium gluconate can also enhance the immunity and antioxidant capacity of aquaculture organisms. The addition of sodium gluconate promotes the cross-linking of bacterial proteins and modified starch to form a stable colloid, while also enhancing the calcium and phosphorus absorption and digestion function of fish.

[0021] (3) Cost and safety optimization: Using modified starch to replace traditional adhesives can reduce raw material costs by 20-30% without the risk of chemical residues.

[0022] (4) Feed utilization rate increased by 5-10%, and weight gain rate reached 7-9%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Erythritol fermentation broth: See Patent 202111453794.3. When the glucose content in the fermentation broth is ≤0.2 g / 100 mL, the fermentation ends (this is the erythritol fermentation broth), and erythritol is prepared.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for preparing functional fish feed based on the synergistic combination of yeast cells and sodium gluconate comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) Pretreatment of bacterial cells: Filter the erythritol fermentation broth through a 0.1 μm ceramic membrane to obtain 200 mL of concentrated bacterial broth with an OD600 of 150 and a pH of 3.5; add 1 g of sodium gluconate, stir for 5 min, and mix evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0028] (2) Construction of high-viscosity matrix: 12 g of phosphate starch was added to the mixed solution and gelatinized at 95 °C for 15 minutes to form a transparent colloid to obtain a gelatinized material.

[0029] (3) Drying and crushing: Spread the gelatinized material on a tray, place it in an oven at 50°C and dry it for 16 hours, and crush it into 30-60 mesh to obtain feed pellets with a moisture content of 9.2%.

[0030] ‌After breeding trials (carp, 30 days), feed utilization rate increased by 5.1% and weight gain rate increased by 7.3%.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A method for preparing functional fish feed based on the synergistic combination of yeast cells and sodium gluconate comprises the following steps:

[0033] (1) Pretreatment of bacterial cells: Filter the erythritol fermentation broth through a 0.1 μm ceramic membrane to obtain 200 mL of concentrated bacterial broth with an OD600 of 170 and a pH of 4.0; add 1.5 g of sodium gluconate, stir for 5 min, and mix evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0034] (2) Construction of high-viscosity matrix: 16 g of phosphate starch was added to the mixed solution and gelatinized at 96 °C for 17 minutes to form a transparent colloid to obtain a gelatinized material.

[0035] (3) Drying and crushing: Spread the gelatinized material on a tray, place it in an oven at 60°C and dry it for 14 hours, and crush it into 30-60 mesh to obtain feed pellets with a moisture content of 8.2%.

[0036] ‌After breeding trials (carp, 30 days), feed utilization rate increased by 10.1% and weight gain rate increased by 8.8%.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] A method for preparing functional fish feed based on the synergistic combination of yeast cells and sodium gluconate comprises the following steps:

[0039] (1) The erythritol fermentation broth was filtered through a 0.1 μm ceramic membrane to obtain 200 mL of concentrated bacterial solution with an OD600 of 200 and a pH of 4.5; 2 g of sodium gluconate was added, stirred for 5 min, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0040] (2) Construction of high-viscosity matrix: 20 g of phosphate starch was added to the mixed solution and gelatinized at 98 °C for 20 minutes to form a transparent colloid to obtain a gelatinized material.

[0041] (3) Drying and grinding: Spread the gelatinized material on a tray, place it in an oven at 70°C and dry it for 12 hours, grind it into 30-60 mesh, and obtain feed pellets with a moisture content of 9.5%.

[0042] ‌After breeding trials (carp, 30 days), feed utilization rate increased by 7.6% and weight gain rate increased by 7%.

[0043] Comparative experimental data description:

[0044] Experimental group: The yeast cells and sodium gluconate functional fish feed prepared in Example 1-3 were fed.

[0045] Control group: fed with conventional carp extruded pellet feed (purchased from Tianjin Zhanwang Feed Co., Ltd.).

[0046] Sample size: Ten healthy carps (weighing 300-500 g, with similar total weight) were placed in each group and kept in separate experimental tanks to avoid cross-influence.

[0047] Feeding method: An automatic feeding machine was used for fixed-point feeding at 8:00, 13:00, and 18:00 daily. The first feeding rate (the percentage of feed fed to the total fish weight) was 3% each day, and the subsequent feeding rates were 1% each time. The water temperature was maintained at 22-25°C. After 30 days of feeding, the relevant parameters of each group of carp (10 fish) were recorded and calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1

[0049]

[0050] Feed efficiency (FER) = average weight gain / feed consumption.

[0051] Feed increase rate = (FER of experimental group - FER of control group) / FER of control group * 100%.

[0052] Weight gain rate = (average weight gain of the experimental group - average weight gain of the control group) / average weight gain of the control group * 100%.

[0053] As shown in Table 1, the feed improvement rate of Examples 1-3 of the present invention is 5-10%, and the weight gain rate is 7-9%.

[0054] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Application of functional fish feed in improving feed utilization and weight gain, characterized in that: The preparation method of the functional fish feed is as follows: (1) Bacteria pretreatment: Filter the erythritol fermentation broth through a 0.1 μm ceramic membrane to obtain a concentrated bacterial solution with an OD600 of 150-200 and a pH of 3.5-4.5; add 0.5-1% sodium gluconate by volume to the concentrated bacterial solution, stir and mix evenly to obtain a mixed solution; The erythritol fermentation broth is obtained by fermenting Candida lipolytica; (2) Construction of a high-viscosity matrix: Add 6-10% mass-volume ratio of modified starch to the mixed solution, gelatinize at 95-98°C for 15-20 minutes to form a uniform colloid to obtain a gelatinized material; (3) Drying and molding: Spread the gelatinized material on a tray and place it in an oven at 50-70°C for 12-16 hours to control the final moisture content to ≤10%; (4) Grind to 30-60 mesh to obtain uniform particles of fish feed.

2. The use of the functional fish feed according to claim 1 in improving feed utilization and weight gain, characterized in that: The modified starch in step (2) is phosphate starch.

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