A welding device and a welding method for aluminum alloy car bodies of locomotives.

Abstract

This invention discloses a welding device and a welding method for aluminum alloy car bodies, relating to the field of welding equipment technology. The invention includes a welding housing, a clamping assembly, a fixing assembly, and a replacement assembly. A feeding pusher plate moves a welding electrode from the replacement guide box into a guide groove. When the welding electrode reaches the guide groove, a welding electrode clamping rod moves to press and fix the welding electrode. A welding electrode moving block moves the welding electrode horizontally to directly above the welding electrode fixing block. The welding electrode moving block then moves the welding electrode vertically, causing it to enter the welding electrode fixing hole of the welding electrode fixing block. When the welding electrode fixing block contacts the welding electrode moving block, a moving pressing block moves and presses the welding electrode. The pressing force of the moving pressing block on the welding electrode is greater than the pressing force of the welding electrode clamping rod. The welding electrode moving block moves upward, and the welding electrode clamping rod releases its clamp on the welding electrode, completing the welding electrode installation. This automatic installation and fixing of the welding electrode reduces manual installation steps and improves work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of welding equipment technology, and more specifically, relates to a welding device and a welding method for aluminum alloy boxes of locomotives. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum alloys, with their advantages of light weight and corrosion resistance, are currently widely used in locomotive chassis. Arc welding uses electric current to force electrons and ions to separate, forming a high-temperature arc, which can reach approximately 6500°F. The arc burns between the welding rod and the workpiece, causing localized melting of the metal in both areas to form a molten pool. As the arc moves, the molten pool cools and solidifies, forming a weld and achieving a metal connection.

[0003] Currently, during the welding process of arc welding equipment, the welding rods will gradually wear out and need to be replaced. Automatic welding equipment has a large workload and frequent replacements, while manual steps are cumbersome and the work efficiency is low. When the replacement frequency is high, the welding rods worn out quickly by automatic replacement, and manual replenishment of the replacement mechanism is required to prevent delays in welding work and reduced work efficiency due to untimely manual replenishment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention is a welding device, including a welding machine box, a clamping assembly, a fixing assembly and a replacement assembly. A movable electric welding block is provided inside the welding machine box. A welding rod mounting hole is opened on the top surface of the movable electric welding block, and an electric welding rod is provided in the welding rod mounting hole.

[0005] The clamping assembly includes a movable support plate, and two clamping units are provided on the top surface of the movable support plate. Each clamping unit includes a horizontal clamping plate and a vertical suction plate. The movable support plate is located below the movable welding block. The horizontal clamping plate can move horizontally, and the vertical suction plate can move vertically.

[0006] The fixing component includes a welding rod fixing block and a movable extrusion block. The welding rod fixing block is fixedly installed on the top surface of the movable welding block. The top surface of the welding rod fixing block has a welding rod fixing hole and an extrusion mounting groove. The movable extrusion block is slidably installed in the extrusion mounting groove. When the welding rod moves into the welding rod fixing hole, the movable extrusion block can move and contact the welding rod for extrusion.

[0007] The replacement assembly includes an electrode moving block, a replacement guide box, a feeding pusher plate, and an electrode clamping unit. The electrode clamping unit is disposed on both sides of the electrode moving block and includes an electrode clamping rod. The electrode moving block is disposed above the moving support plate. A guide groove is formed on the bottom surface of the electrode moving block. The replacement guide box is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the welding machine housing, and the feeding pusher plate is slidably installed inside the replacement guide box.

[0008] When the electrode moving block moves to the outlet of the replacement guide box, the feeding push plate can push the electrode in the replacement guide box to move into the guide groove, the electrode clamping rod can move to contact the electrode and squeeze the electrode, and the electrode moving block can drive the electrode to move into the electrode fixing hole of the electrode fixing block.

[0009] Preferably, the fixing component further includes a fixing spring and a movable fixing rod. The extrusion mounting groove is connected to the welding rod fixing hole. One end of the fixing spring is fixedly connected to the movable extrusion block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extrusion mounting groove. The welding rod fixing block has a movable slot on its side, and the movable fixing rod passes through the movable slot and is fixedly connected to the movable extrusion block.

[0010] Preferably, the electrode clamping unit further includes a clamping mounting frame, a clamping spring, a clamping connecting plate, and a clamping movable plate. The electrode movable block has clamping mounting openings on both sides, which communicate with the guide groove. The clamping mounting frame is fixedly mounted on the side of the electrode movable block. The electrode clamping rod passes through the clamping mounting frame and enters the clamping mounting opening. The clamping connecting plate is fixedly connected to the electrode clamping rod. One end of the clamping spring is fixedly connected to the clamping connecting plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the clamping mounting frame. The clamping movable plate is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the clamping connecting plate.

[0011] Preferably, the replacement assembly further includes a replacement electric actuator, a horizontal moving block, a vertical cylinder, a feeding cylinder, a feeding connecting plate, and a feeding wedge plate. The replacement electric actuator is fixedly installed on the side of the welding machine housing. The output end of the replacement electric actuator passes through the welding machine housing and is fixedly connected to the horizontal moving block. The vertical cylinder is fixedly installed on the top surface of the horizontal moving block. The output end of the vertical cylinder passes through the horizontal moving block and is fixedly connected to the vertical moving block. The vertical moving block is fixedly installed on the side of the welding rod moving block. A feeding groove is provided on the top surface of the replacement guide box. The feeding connecting plate is slidably installed in the feeding groove. The bottom surface of the feeding connecting plate is fixedly installed with the top surface of the feeding push plate. The feeding wedge plate is fixedly installed on the top surface of the feeding connecting plate.

[0012] Preferably, the replacement assembly further includes an electrode storage box, a replacement push plate, a replacement spring, a fixed lifting block, a lifting wedge, a horizontal wedge, a lifting spring, a horizontal spring, a moving stop, and a spring mounting plate. The electrode storage box is fixedly installed on the side of the replacement guide box and communicates with the replacement guide box. The replacement push plate is slidably installed inside the electrode storage box. One end of the replacement spring is fixedly connected to the replacement push plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the electrode storage box. The width of the inner walls of both the electrode storage box and the replacement guide box is equal to the diameter of the welding electrode. Similarly, a lifting mounting groove is provided on one side of the welding rod moving block, the fixed lifting block is slidably installed in the lifting mounting groove, one end of the lifting spring is fixedly connected to the fixed lifting block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner wall of the lifting mounting groove, the lifting wedge is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed lifting block, the horizontal wedge is slidably installed on the side of the clamping mounting frame, the spring mounting plate is fixedly installed on the side of the clamping mounting frame, one end of the lifting spring is fixedly connected to the horizontal wedge, and the other end is fixedly connected to the spring mounting plate, and the moving stop is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the horizontal wedge.

[0013] Preferably, the clamping assembly further includes a supporting electric actuator and a supporting connecting rod. A welding base is fixedly installed inside the welding machine housing. The movable support plate is slidably installed on the top surface of the welding base. The supporting electric actuator is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the welding base. A connecting slot is opened on the top surface of the welding base. One end of the supporting connecting rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the supporting electric actuator, and the other end passes through the connecting slot and is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the movable support plate.

[0014] Preferably, the clamping unit further includes a clamping mounting block, a clamping cylinder, a rotary motor, a rotary mounting plate, and a lifting electric push rod. The clamping mounting block is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the movable support plate. The clamping cylinder is fixedly mounted on the side of the clamping mounting block. The output end of the clamping cylinder passes through the clamping mounting block and is fixedly connected to the horizontal clamping plate. The rotary motor is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the horizontal clamping plate. The drive shaft of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to the rotary mounting plate. The lifting electric push rod is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the rotary mounting plate. The output end of the lifting electric push rod passes through the rotary mounting plate and is fixedly connected to the vertical adsorption plate.

[0015] Preferably, a horizontal drive mechanism is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the welding machine housing, and a welding electric push rod is fixedly connected to the horizontal drive mechanism. The welding electric push rod is fixedly connected to the movable electric welding block.

[0016] Preferably, the inner contour centerline of the electrode mounting opening and the electrode fixing opening are collinear and of the same size.

[0017] A welding method for aluminum alloy housings of locomotives, using the aforementioned welding equipment, includes the following steps;

[0018] Before welding, the electrode moving block moves to the outlet of the replacement guide box. The feeding pusher pushes the electrode in the replacement guide box to move into the guide groove. When the electrode moves into the guide groove, the electrode clamping rod moves to contact and press the electrode. The electrode moving block drives the electrode to move horizontally to directly above the electrode fixing block. The electrode moving block drives the electrode to move vertically so that the electrode enters the electrode fixing hole of the electrode fixing block. When the electrode fixing block contacts the electrode moving block, the moving extrusion block moves and presses the electrode. The extrusion force of the moving extrusion block on the electrode is greater than the extrusion force of the electrode clamping rod on the electrode. The electrode moving block moves upward, and the electrode clamping rod releases its clamp on the electrode. The electrode installation is complete.

[0019] When welding the chassis, the chassis body is placed on the top surface of the movable support plate. The horizontal clamping plates move towards each other to contact and press the chassis body into place. The vertical suction plate suctions the top plate of the chassis and moves it to contact the chassis body. The movable support plate moves so that the welding point between the chassis body and the top surface of the chassis is directly below the welding rod. The movable welding block moves, which in turn moves the welding rod and welds the chassis body and chassis cover along the welding point.

[0020] When the welding rod needs to be replaced, the unused welding rod enters the replacement guide box, and the welding rod installation steps are repeated to complete the replacement.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a welding device and a welding method for aluminum alloy boxes of locomotives, which has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. Before welding, the electrode moving block moves to the outlet of the replacement guide box. The feeding pusher pushes the welding electrode in the replacement guide box to move into the guide groove. When the welding electrode moves into the guide groove, the electrode clamping rod moves to contact and press the welding electrode to fix it. The electrode moving block drives the welding electrode to move horizontally to directly above the electrode fixing block. The electrode moving block drives the welding electrode to move vertically so that the welding electrode enters the electrode fixing hole of the electrode fixing block. When the electrode fixing block contacts the electrode moving block, the moving extrusion block moves and presses the welding electrode. The extrusion force of the moving extrusion block on the welding electrode is greater than the extrusion force of the electrode clamping rod on the welding electrode. The electrode moving block moves upward, and the electrode clamping rod releases its clamp on the welding electrode. The welding electrode installation is completed. The welding electrode is automatically installed and fixed, reducing manual installation steps and improving work efficiency.

[0023] 2. When the feeding pusher pushes out and resets the welding rod in the replacement guide box, the replacement spring pushes the replacement pusher to move, and the replacement pusher pushes the welding rod in the welding rod storage box into the replacement guide box, so that the welding rod contacts the feeding pusher; after the welding rod is replaced, the welding rod in the replacement guide box is automatically replenished, reducing the steps of manual replenishment, avoiding frequent manual replenishment, and improving work efficiency.

[0024] 3. When the electrode moving block releases contact with the replacement guide box, the lifting spring drives the fixed lifting block to move downwards. The fixed lifting block drives the lifting wedge block to move downwards, and the horizontal spring pushes the horizontal wedge block to move closer to the fixed lifting block. The horizontal wedge block drives the moving stop rod to move. When the electrode moving block moves downwards and moves the electrode into the electrode fixing hole, the moving stop rod moves downwards and presses against the moving fixed rod, causing the moving fixed rod to drive the moving pressing block to move away from the electrode. When the electrode is replaced, the moving pressing block contacts and fixes the used electrode in the electrode mounting hole. The welding electrode falls from the electrode mounting hole into the welding machine housing. When the electrode moving block contacts the electrode fixing block, the electrode fixing block presses against the fixing lifting block, causing the fixing lifting block to move upward. The fixing lifting block then drives the lifting wedge block to move upward, which in turn presses against the horizontal wedge block. This causes the horizontal wedge block to move the moving stop rod away from the lifting fixing block. The moving fixing rod then releases its contact with the moving stop rod, and the fixing spring drives the moving pneumatic block to move, causing the moving pressing block to press against the welding electrode, thus fixing the welding electrode. The welding electrode is automatically disassembled when replaced, eliminating the need for manual disassembly and improving work efficiency.

[0025] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is one of the overall three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is one of the partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure at point A;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a second partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0032] Figure 6 This is the third partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure at point C;

[0034] Figure 8 This is the fourth partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure at point D;

[0036] Figure 10 This is the fifth partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0037] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0038] 1. Inspection chassis; 101. Moving welding block; 102. Welding base; 103. Horizontal drive mechanism; 104. Welding electric push rod; 2. Clamping assembly; 201. Moving support plate; 202. Supporting electric push rod; 203. Supporting connecting rod; 3. Fixing assembly; 301. Welding electrode fixing block; 302. Moving extrusion block; 303. Extrusion mounting groove; 304. Fixing spring; 305. Moving fixing rod; 4. Replacement assembly; 401. Welding electrode moving block; 402. Replacement guide box; 403. Feeding push plate; 404. Guide slide; 405. Replacement electric push rod; 406. Horizontal moving block; 407. Vertical cylinder; 408. Vertical moving block; 409. Feeding cylinder; 410. Feeding 411. Connecting plate; 412. Feeding wedge plate; 413. Electrode storage box; 414. Replacement push plate; 415. Replacement spring; 416. Fixed lifting block; 417. Lifting wedge block; 418. Horizontal wedge block; 419. Lifting spring; 420. Horizontal spring; 421. Moving stop bar; 5. Spring mounting plate; 5. Clamping unit; 501. Horizontal clamping plate; 502. Vertical adsorption plate; 503. Clamping mounting block; 504. Clamping cylinder; 505. Rotating motor; 506. Rotating mounting plate; 507. Lifting electric push rod; 6. Electrode clamping unit; 601. Electrode clamping rod; 602. Clamping mounting frame; 603. Clamping spring; 604. Clamping connecting plate; 605. Clamping moving plate. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "top", "middle", "inner", etc., which indicate orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the invention.

[0041] For examples, please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 10 This embodiment discloses a welding device, including a welding machine housing 1, a clamping assembly 2, a fixing assembly 3, and a replacement assembly 4. A movable electric welding block 101 is provided inside the welding machine housing 1. A welding rod mounting hole is opened on the top surface of the movable electric welding block 101, and an electric welding rod is provided in the welding rod mounting hole.

[0042] The clamping assembly 2 includes a movable support plate 201. Two clamping units 5 are provided on the top surface of the movable support plate 201. The clamping unit 5 includes a horizontal clamping plate 501 and a vertical adsorption plate 502. The movable support plate 201 is located below the movable electric welding block 101. The horizontal clamping plate 501 can move horizontally, and the vertical adsorption plate 502 can move vertically.

[0043] The fixing component 3 includes a welding rod fixing block 301 and a movable extrusion block 302. The welding rod fixing block 301 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the movable welding block 101. The top surface of the welding rod fixing block 301 has a welding rod fixing hole and an extrusion mounting groove 303. The movable extrusion block 302 is slidably installed in the extrusion mounting groove 303. When the welding rod moves into the welding rod fixing hole, the movable extrusion block 302 can move and contact the welding rod for extrusion.

[0044] The replacement component 4 includes a welding electrode moving block 401, a replacement guide box 402, a feeding pusher plate 403, and a welding electrode clamping unit 6. The welding electrode clamping unit 6 is disposed on both sides of the welding electrode moving block 401 and includes a welding electrode clamping rod 601. The welding electrode moving block 401 is disposed above the moving support plate 201. A guide groove 404 is opened on the bottom surface of the welding electrode moving block 401. The replacement guide box 402 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the welding machine housing 1, and the feeding pusher plate 403 is slidably installed in the replacement guide box 402.

[0045] When the electrode moving block 401 moves to the outlet of the replacement guide box 402, the feeding push plate 403 can push the electrode in the replacement guide box 402 to move into the guide slide 404, the electrode clamping rod 601 can move to contact the electrode and squeeze the electrode, and the electrode moving block 401 can drive the electrode to move into the electrode fixing hole of the electrode fixing block 301;

[0046] During use, before welding, the electrode moving block 401 moves to the outlet of the replacement guide box 402. The feeding push plate 403 pushes the welding electrode in the replacement guide box 402 to move into the guide groove 404. When the welding electrode moves into the guide groove 404, the electrode clamping rod 601 moves to contact and press the welding electrode to fix it. The electrode moving block 401 drives the welding electrode to move horizontally to directly above the electrode fixing block 301. The electrode moving block 401 drives the welding electrode to move vertically so that the welding electrode enters the welding groove. The electrode is inserted into the electrode fixing hole of the electrode fixing block 301. When the electrode fixing block 301 contacts the electrode moving block 401, the moving extrusion block 302 moves and extrudes the electrode. The extrusion force of the moving extrusion block 302 on the electrode is greater than the extrusion force of the electrode clamping rod 601 on the electrode. The electrode moving block 401 moves upward, and the electrode clamping rod 601 releases its clamping of the electrode. The electrode installation is completed. The electrode is automatically installed and fixed, reducing manual installation steps and improving work efficiency.

[0047] When welding the chassis, the chassis body is placed on the top surface of the movable support plate 201. The horizontal clamping plates 501 move towards each other to contact and press and fix the chassis body. The vertical adsorption plate 502 adsorbs the top plate of the chassis and drives the top plate of the chassis to contact the chassis body. The movable support plate 201 moves so that the welding point between the chassis body and the top surface of the chassis is directly below the welding rod. The movable welding block 101 moves to drive the welding rod to move and weld the chassis body and chassis cover along the welding point.

[0048] When the welding rod needs to be replaced, the unused welding rod enters the replacement guide box 402, and the welding rod installation steps are repeated to complete the replacement of the welding rod.

[0049] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 The fixing component 3 also includes a fixing spring 304 and a movable fixing rod 305. The extrusion mounting groove 303 is connected to the welding rod fixing hole. One end of the fixing spring 304 is fixedly connected to the movable extrusion block 302, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extrusion mounting groove 303. The welding rod fixing block 301 has a movable slot on its side. The movable fixing rod 305 passes through the movable slot and is fixedly connected to the movable extrusion block 302.

[0050] When in use, when the welding rod enters the welding rod fixing hole, the moving fixing rod 305 drives the moving extrusion block 302 to move away from the welding rod. When the welding rod fixing block 301 contacts the welding rod moving block 401, the moving fixing rod 305 drives the moving extrusion block 302 to move and extrude the welding rod.

[0051] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 The electrode clamping unit 6 also includes a clamping mounting frame 602, a clamping spring 603, a clamping connecting plate 604, and a clamping moving plate 605. The electrode moving block 401 has clamping mounting openings on both sides, which are connected to the guide slide 404. The clamping mounting frame 602 is fixedly mounted on the side of the electrode moving block 401. The electrode clamping rod 601 passes through the clamping mounting frame 602 and enters the clamping mounting opening. The clamping connecting plate 604 is fixedly connected to the electrode clamping rod 601. One end of the clamping spring 603 is fixedly connected to the clamping connecting plate 604, and the other end is fixedly connected to the clamping mounting frame 602. The clamping moving plate 605 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the clamping connecting plate 604.

[0052] In use, when the feeding push plate 403 pushes the welding rod into the guide groove 404, the clamping moving plate 605 drives the clamping connecting plate 604 to move away from the welding rod. The clamping connecting plate 604 drives the welding rod clamping rod 601 to move. When the feeding push plate 403 moves back to its original position, the clamping spring 603 resets and drives the clamping connecting plate 604 to move closer to the welding rod. The clamping connecting plate 604 drives the welding rod clamping rod 601 to move and clamp and fix the welding rod.

[0053] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 The replacement component 4 also includes a replacement electric actuator 405, a horizontal moving block 406, a vertical cylinder 407, a vertical moving block 408, a feeding cylinder 409, a feeding connecting plate 410, and a feeding wedge plate 411. The replacement electric actuator 405 is fixedly installed on the side of the welding machine housing 1. The output end of the replacement electric actuator 405 passes through the welding machine housing 1 and is fixedly connected to the horizontal moving block 406. The vertical cylinder 407 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the horizontal moving block 406. The output end of the vertical cylinder 407 passes through the horizontal moving block 406 and is fixedly connected to the vertical moving block 408. The vertical moving block 408 is fixedly installed on the side of the welding rod moving block 401. The top surface of the replacement guide box 402 is provided with a feeding groove. The feeding connecting plate 410 is slidably installed in the feeding groove. The bottom surface of the feeding connecting plate 410 is fixedly installed with the top surface of the feeding push plate 403. The feeding wedge plate 411 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the feeding connecting plate 410.

[0054] During use, when feeding, the feeding cylinder 409 pushes the feeding push plate 403 to move, and the movement of the feeding push plate 403 pushes the welding rod to move. The movement of the feeding push plate 403 drives the feeding wedge block to move through the feeding connecting plate 410. When the feeding wedge block moves, it squeezes and clamps the moving plate 605, causing the moving plate 605 to move away from the welding rod. After feeding is completed, the feeding wedge block moves back to its original position to release the squeezing of the moving plate 605. The electric push rod 405 is then used to drive the horizontal moving block 406 to move horizontally. The horizontal moving block 406 drives the vertical cylinder 407 to move horizontally, and the vertical cylinder 407 drives the vertical moving block 408 to move vertically. The moving block drives the welding rod moving block 401 to move, so that the welding rod moves into the welding rod fixing hole.

[0055] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 The replacement assembly 4 also includes an electrode storage box 412, a replacement push plate 413, a replacement spring 414, a fixed lifting block 415, a lifting wedge block 416, a horizontal wedge block 417, a lifting spring 418, a horizontal spring 419, a moving stop bar 420, and a spring mounting plate 421. The electrode storage box 412 is fixedly installed on the side of the replacement guide box 402 and communicates with the replacement guide box 402. The replacement push plate 413 is slidably installed inside the electrode storage box 412. One end of the replacement spring 414 is fixedly connected to the replacement push plate 413, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the electrode storage box 412. The width between the electrode storage box 412 and the inner wall of the replacement guide box 402 is... All are the same diameter as the welding rod. The welding rod moving block 401 has a lifting installation groove on one side. The fixed lifting block 415 is slidably installed in the lifting installation groove. One end of the lifting spring 418 is fixedly connected to the fixed lifting block 415, and the other end is fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner wall of the lifting installation groove. The lifting wedge 416 is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed lifting block 415. The horizontal wedge 417 is slidably installed on the side of the clamping installation frame 602. The clamping installation frame 602 has a spring mounting plate 421 fixedly installed on the side. One end of the lifting spring 418 is fixedly connected to the horizontal wedge 417, and the other end is fixedly connected to the spring mounting plate 421. The moving stop bar 420 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the horizontal wedge 417.

[0056] In use, when the feeding pusher plate 403 pushes out and resets the welding rod in the replacement guide box 402, the replacement spring 414 pushes the replacement pusher plate 413 to move. The replacement pusher plate 413 pushes the welding rod in the welding rod storage box 412 into the replacement guide box 402, so that the welding rod contacts the feeding pusher plate 403. After the welding rod is replaced, the welding rod in the replacement guide box 402 is automatically replenished, reducing the manual replenishment steps and improving work efficiency.

[0057] When the electrode moving block 401 moves away from the replacement guide box 402, the lifting spring 418 drives the fixed lifting block 415 to move downward. The fixed lifting block 415 drives the lifting wedge block 416 to move downward. The horizontal spring 419 pushes the horizontal wedge block 417 to move closer to the fixed lifting block 415. The horizontal wedge block 417 drives the moving stop rod 420 to move. When the electrode moving block 401 moves downward and moves the electrode into the electrode fixing hole, the moving stop rod 420 moves downward and presses the moving fixed rod 305, causing the moving fixed rod 305 to drive the moving pressing block 302 to move away from the electrode. When the electrode is replaced, the moving pressing block 302 contacts and fixes the used electrode in the electrode mounting hole. The welding rod falls from the welding rod mounting hole into the welding machine housing 1. When the welding rod moving block 401 contacts the welding rod fixing block 301, the welding rod fixing block 301 presses against the fixing lifting block 415, causing the fixing lifting block 415 to move upward. The fixing lifting block 415 drives the lifting wedge block 416 to move upward. The lifting wedge block 416 moves upward and presses against the horizontal wedge block 417, causing the horizontal wedge block 417 to drive the moving stop bar 420 to move away from the lifting fixing block. The moving fixing bar 305 releases contact with the moving stop bar 420. The fixing spring 304 drives the moving pneumatic block to move, causing the moving pressing block 302 to press against the welding rod, thus completing the fixing of the welding rod. The welding rod is automatically disassembled when it is replaced, eliminating the need for manual disassembly and improving work efficiency.

[0058] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 The clamping assembly 2 also includes a support electric actuator 202 and a support connecting rod 203. A welding base 102 is fixedly installed inside the welding machine housing 1. A movable support plate 201 is slidably installed on the top surface of the welding base 102. The support electric actuator 202 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the welding base 102. A connecting slot is opened on the top surface of the welding base 102. One end of the support connecting rod 203 is fixedly connected to the output end of the support electric actuator 202, and the other end passes through the connecting slot and is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the movable support plate 201.

[0059] In use, the support electric actuator 202 drives the movable support plate 201 to move through the support connecting rod 203. The movable support plate 201 moves the chassis to be welded, adjusting the position of the chassis.

[0060] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10The clamping unit 5 also includes a clamping mounting block 503, a clamping cylinder 504, a rotary motor 505, a rotary mounting plate 506, and a lifting electric push rod 507. The clamping mounting block 503 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the movable support plate 201. The clamping cylinder 504 is fixedly mounted on the side of the clamping mounting block 503. The output end of the clamping cylinder 504 passes through the clamping mounting block 503 and is fixedly connected to the horizontal clamping plate 501. The rotary motor 505 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the horizontal clamping plate 501. The drive shaft of the rotary motor 505 is fixedly connected to the rotary mounting plate 506. The lifting electric push rod 507 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the rotary mounting plate 506. The output end of the lifting electric push rod 507 passes through the rotary mounting plate 506 and is fixedly connected to the vertical adsorption plate 502.

[0061] In use, the clamping cylinder 504 pushes the horizontal clamping plate 501 to move, and the movement of the horizontal clamping plate 501 can fix the chassis. The rotating motor 505 drives the rotating mounting plate 506 to rotate, and the rotating mounting plate 506 drives the lifting electric push rod 507 to move. The lifting electric push rod 507 drives the mounting adsorption plate to move vertically, and the vertical adsorption plate 502 can adsorb the top plate of the chassis.

[0062] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 A horizontal drive mechanism 103 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the welding machine housing 1. A welding electric push rod 104 is fixedly connected to the horizontal drive mechanism 103. The welding electric push rod 104 is fixedly connected to the movable electric welding block 101.

[0063] In use, the horizontal drive mechanism 103 drives the welding electric push rod 104 to move horizontally, and the welding electric push rod 104 drives the moving electric welding block 101 to move vertically.

[0064] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 The inner contour centerlines of the electrode mounting port and the electrode fixing port are collinear and of the same size.

[0065] This embodiment also discloses a welding method for aluminum alloy housings of locomotives, which uses the above-mentioned welding equipment and includes the following steps;

[0066] Before welding, the electrode moving block 401 moves to the outlet of the replacement guide box 402. The feeding push plate 403 pushes the welding electrode in the replacement guide box 402 to move into the guide groove 404. When the welding electrode moves into the guide groove 404, the electrode clamping rod 601 moves to contact the welding electrode and presses it in place. The electrode moving block 401 drives the welding electrode to move horizontally to directly above the electrode fixing block 301. The electrode moving block 401 drives the welding electrode to move vertically so that the welding electrode enters the electrode fixing hole of the electrode fixing block 301. When the electrode fixing block 301 contacts the electrode moving block 401, the moving extrusion block 302 moves and extrudes the welding electrode. The extrusion force of the moving extrusion block 302 on the welding electrode is greater than the extrusion force of the electrode clamping rod 601 on the welding electrode. The electrode moving block 401 moves upward, and the electrode clamping rod 601 releases its clamp on the welding electrode. The welding electrode installation is completed.

[0067] When welding the chassis, the chassis body is placed on the top surface of the movable support plate 201. The horizontal clamping plates 501 move towards each other to contact and press and fix the chassis body. The vertical adsorption plate 502 adsorbs the top plate of the chassis and drives the top plate of the chassis to contact the chassis body. The movable support plate 201 moves so that the welding point between the chassis body and the top surface of the chassis is directly below the welding rod. The movable welding block 101 moves to drive the welding rod to move and weld the chassis body and chassis cover along the welding point.

[0068] When the welding rod needs to be replaced, the unused welding rod enters the replacement guide box 402, and the welding rod installation steps are repeated to complete the replacement of the welding rod.

[0069] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0070] The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A welding device, comprising a welding housing, a clamping assembly, a fixing assembly, and a replacement assembly, characterized in that, The welding machine housing is equipped with a movable electric welding block, and the top surface of the movable electric welding block is provided with a welding rod mounting hole, in which a welding rod is placed; The clamping assembly includes a movable support plate, and two clamping units are provided on the top surface of the movable support plate. Each clamping unit includes a horizontal clamping plate and a vertical suction plate. The movable support plate is located below the movable welding block. The horizontal clamping plate can move horizontally, and the vertical suction plate can move vertically. The fixing component includes a welding rod fixing block and a movable extrusion block. The welding rod fixing block is fixedly installed on the top surface of the movable welding block. The top surface of the welding rod fixing block has a welding rod fixing hole and an extrusion mounting groove. The movable extrusion block is slidably installed in the extrusion mounting groove. When the welding rod moves into the welding rod fixing hole, the movable extrusion block can move and contact the welding rod for extrusion. The replacement assembly includes an electrode moving block, a replacement guide box, a feeding pusher plate, and an electrode clamping unit. The electrode clamping unit is disposed on both sides of the electrode moving block and includes an electrode clamping rod. The electrode moving block is disposed above the moving support plate. A guide groove is formed on the bottom surface of the electrode moving block. The replacement guide box is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the welding machine housing, and the feeding pusher plate is slidably installed inside the replacement guide box. When the electrode moving block moves to the outlet of the replacement guide box, the feeding push plate can push the electrode in the replacement guide box to move into the guide groove, the electrode clamping rod can move to contact the electrode and squeeze the electrode, and the electrode moving block can drive the electrode to move into the electrode fixing hole of the electrode fixing block.

2. The welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing component also includes a fixing spring and a movable fixing rod. The extrusion mounting groove is connected to the welding rod fixing hole. One end of the fixing spring is fixedly connected to the movable extrusion block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the extrusion mounting groove. The welding rod fixing block has a movable slot on its side, and the movable fixing rod passes through the movable slot and is fixedly connected to the movable extrusion block.

3. The welding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrode clamping unit further includes a clamping mounting frame, a clamping spring, a clamping connecting plate, and a clamping movable plate. The electrode movable block has clamping mounting openings on both sides, which are connected to the guide groove. The clamping mounting frame is fixedly mounted on the side of the electrode movable block. The electrode clamping rod passes through the clamping mounting frame and enters the clamping mounting opening. The clamping connecting plate is fixedly connected to the electrode clamping rod. One end of the clamping spring is fixedly connected to the clamping connecting plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the clamping mounting frame. The clamping movable plate is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the clamping connecting plate.

4. The welding equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The replacement assembly further includes a replacement electric actuator, a horizontal moving block, a vertical cylinder, a feeding cylinder, a feeding connecting plate, and a feeding wedge plate. The replacement electric actuator is fixedly installed on the side of the welding machine housing. The output end of the replacement electric actuator passes through the welding machine housing and is fixedly connected to the horizontal moving block. The vertical cylinder is fixedly installed on the top surface of the horizontal moving block. The output end of the vertical cylinder passes through the horizontal moving block and is fixedly connected to the vertical moving block. The vertical moving block is fixedly installed on the side of the welding rod moving block. A feeding groove is provided on the top surface of the replacement guide box. The feeding connecting plate is slidably installed in the feeding groove. The bottom surface of the feeding connecting plate is fixedly installed with the top surface of the feeding push plate. The feeding wedge plate is fixedly installed on the top surface of the feeding connecting plate.

5. The welding equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The replacement assembly further includes an electrode storage box, a replacement push plate, a replacement spring, a fixed lifting block, a lifting wedge, a horizontal wedge, a lifting spring, a horizontal spring, a moving stop, and a spring mounting plate. The electrode storage box is fixedly installed on the side of the replacement guide box and communicates with it. The replacement push plate is slidably installed inside the electrode storage box. One end of the replacement spring is fixedly connected to the replacement push plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the electrode storage box. The width of the inner walls of both the electrode storage box and the replacement guide box is the same as the diameter of the welding electrode. A lifting mounting groove is provided on one side of the welding rod moving block. The fixed lifting block is slidably installed in the lifting mounting groove. One end of the lifting spring is fixedly connected to the fixed lifting block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner wall of the lifting mounting groove. The lifting wedge is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed lifting block. The horizontal wedge is slidably installed on the side of the clamping mounting frame. The spring mounting plate is fixedly installed on the side of the clamping mounting frame. One end of the lifting spring is fixedly connected to the horizontal wedge, and the other end is fixedly connected to the spring mounting plate. The moving stop is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the horizontal wedge.

6. The welding equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The clamping assembly also includes a support electric actuator and a support connecting rod. A welding base is fixedly installed inside the welding machine housing. The movable support plate is slidably installed on the top surface of the welding base. The support electric actuator is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the welding base. A connecting slot is opened on the top surface of the welding base. One end of the support connecting rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the support electric actuator, and the other end passes through the connecting slot and is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the movable support plate.

7. The welding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The clamping unit further includes a clamping mounting block, a clamping cylinder, a rotary motor, a rotary mounting plate, and a lifting electric push rod. The clamping mounting block is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the movable support plate. The clamping cylinder is fixedly mounted on the side of the clamping mounting block. The output end of the clamping cylinder passes through the clamping mounting block and is fixedly connected to the horizontal clamping plate. The rotary motor is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the horizontal clamping plate. The drive shaft of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to the rotary mounting plate. The lifting electric push rod is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the rotary mounting plate. The output end of the lifting electric push rod passes through the rotary mounting plate and is fixedly connected to the vertical adsorption plate.

8. The welding equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, A horizontal drive mechanism is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the welding machine housing. A welding electric push rod is fixedly connected to the horizontal drive mechanism. The welding electric push rod is fixedly connected to the movable electric welding block.

9. The welding equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner contour centerline of the electrode mounting opening and the electrode fixing opening are collinear and of the same size.

10. A welding method for aluminum alloy housings of locomotives, characterized in that, The welding equipment as described in any one of claims 1-9 is used, comprising the following steps; Before welding, the electrode moving block moves to the outlet of the replacement guide box. The feeding pusher pushes the electrode in the replacement guide box to move into the guide groove. When the electrode moves into the guide groove, the electrode clamping rod moves to contact and press the electrode. The electrode moving block drives the electrode to move horizontally to directly above the electrode fixing block. The electrode moving block drives the electrode to move vertically so that the electrode enters the electrode fixing hole of the electrode fixing block. When the electrode fixing block contacts the electrode moving block, the moving extrusion block moves and presses the electrode. The extrusion force of the moving extrusion block on the electrode is greater than the extrusion force of the electrode clamping rod on the electrode. The electrode moving block moves upward, and the electrode clamping rod releases its clamp on the electrode. The electrode installation is complete. When welding the chassis, the chassis body is placed on the top surface of the movable support plate. The horizontal clamping plates move towards each other to contact and press the chassis body into place. The vertical suction plate suctions the top plate of the chassis and moves it to contact the chassis body. The movable support plate moves so that the welding point between the chassis body and the top surface of the chassis is directly below the welding rod. The movable welding block moves, which in turn moves the welding rod and welds the chassis body and chassis cover along the welding point. When the welding rod needs to be replaced, the unused welding rod enters the replacement guide box, and the welding rod installation steps are repeated to complete the replacement.

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