A method for constructing diverse water habitats based on coordinated regulation of microorganisms and plants

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of constructing diverse habitats for water bodies, and specifically to a method for constructing diverse habitats for water bodies based on the coordinated regulation of microorganisms and plants. The method comprises rapid activation treatment of bottom sediments, gradient release of composite bacterial agents, phased configuration of plant communities, and physical and chemical coordinated regulation. This method for constructing diverse habitats for water bodies based on the coordinated regulation of microorganisms and plants addresses the problems of existing water ecological restoration technologies, which often focus on the restoration of single ecological elements, ignore the integrity and complexity of ecosystems, are unable to comprehensively create diverse habitats, lack methods that can combine ecological module design with rapid cultivation, and find it difficult to establish a water ecosystem with high biodiversity and ecological stability in a short period of time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water body diversity habitat construction, and in particular to a water body diversity habitat construction method based on microorganism-plant coordinated regulation. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the construction of urban landscape water bodies is increasing. These water bodies not only add beauty to cities but also play a vital role in regulating climate, improving air quality, and providing recreational spaces. However, newly excavated urban landscape water bodies often face challenges such as a lack of biodiversity and incomplete ecosystems, making it difficult to quickly develop stable and functional ecosystems. This is because these water bodies are mostly artificial structures and lack the rich biological communities and complex ecological relationships found in natural water bodies. Furthermore, the soil and water environments require time to develop conditions suitable for biological survival.

[0003] Existing water ecological restoration technologies have many shortcomings. On the one hand, traditional bio-ecological methods, such as simple vegetation planting or the release of aquatic animals, can improve water quality and the ecological environment to a certain extent. However, they often focus on the restoration of a single ecological element, ignoring the integrity and complexity of the ecosystem, and are unable to fully create a diverse habitat. On the other hand, there are few existing technologies that can combine ecological module design with rapid cultivation, making it difficult to establish a water ecosystem with high biodiversity and ecological stability in a short period of time. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new technical means to form a water ecosystem with high biodiversity and high stability in a short period of time.

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects, the inventors of the present invention finally obtained the present invention after a long period of research and practice. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that existing water ecological restoration technologies often focus on the restoration of single ecological elements, ignore the integrity and complexity of the ecosystem, cannot comprehensively create diverse habitats, have few methods that can combine ecological module design with rapid cultivation, and find it difficult to establish a water ecosystem with high biodiversity and ecological stability in a short period of time. The invention provides a method for constructing water diversity habitats based on microbial-plant coordinated regulation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention discloses a method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microbial-plant coordinated regulation, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: within 24 hours after excavation, a composite of nano-zero-valent iron and calcium peroxide is sprayed into the bottom mud. After another 6 hours, an oxidation-reduction potential regulating solution containing ammonium ferric citrate is injected.

[0008] S2, adding double-shell microcapsule bacterial agent;

[0009] S3: Plant fast-growing submerged and floating plants in the first week, introduce cattails, water lilies, water lilies and benthic animals in the second week, and supplement with native plants and fish in the third week;

[0010] S4, add compound bacterial agents, then promote the diffusion of the bacterial agents through a low-frequency wave disturbance system, and use blue light LEDs to irradiate deep water areas to enhance the activity of nitrifying bacteria.

[0011] In step S1, the mass ratio of nano zero-valent iron to calcium peroxide is 1:2, and the spraying amount is 20-30 g / m 2 .

[0012] In step S1, the concentration of ammonium ferric citrate in the redox potential regulating solution is 5-10 mg / L, and the amount applied is 5-15 mL / m 2 .

[0013] In step S2, the concentration of the double-shell microcapsule bacterial agent is 10-20 g / m 2 .

[0014] In step S2, the inner layer of the double-shell microcapsule bacterial agent is a sodium alginate-bentonite composite gel, and the outer layer is a polylactic acid film. The inner layer embeds anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and the outer layer is loaded with nitrospira and electrogenic bacteria.

[0015] The mass ratio of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria to the sulfate reducing bacteria is 2-4:1-3, and the ratio of the nitrospira to the electrogenic bacteria is 2-3:1-2.

[0016] In step S3, the fast-growing submerged plants include Myriophyllum paniculate, Elodea nutmeg, and Ceratophyllum scabra; the floating plants are Salvinia salvinia; the benthic animals are Chironomid larvae; the native plants include Acorus calamus and Phragmites australis; and the fish include Grass carp, Crucian carp, and Snakehead carp.

[0017] The planting ratio of the spike-flowered foxtail algae, elodea, and hornwort is 3-5:1-2:1-3, with a total planting density of 10-20 plants / m²; the coverage rate of the Salvinia is 20-30%; the planting ratio of the cattail, water lily, and water lily is 2-3:1-2:1-2, with a total planting density of 5-10 plants / m². 2 The chironomid larvae density is 50ind / m 2 The planting ratio of calamus and reed is 1-2:2-3, and the total planting density is 5-10 plants / m 2 The stocking ratio of grass carp, crucian carp and snakehead carp is 5-7:4-6:2-3, and the total stocking density is 3-5 tails / m 3 .

[0018] In step S4, the low-frequency wave disturbance system includes four diagonally arranged aeration plates, with a single aeration plate power of ≤50 W, generating waves with an amplitude of 5-10 cm, and operating for 30 minutes each at 9:00, 14:00, and 18:00 every day.

[0019] In step S4, a blue light LED is placed 20-30 cm above the bottom mud, the wavelength of the blue light LED is 450±10 nm, the daily irradiation time is 4-8 hours, and the light intensity is 20-30 μmol / m² / s.

[0020] In the present invention, nano-zero-valent iron directly reduces sulfide to harmless sulfate through surface electron transfer, while the slow-release oxygen property of calcium peroxide continuously improves the dissolved oxygen level of the sediment. Ammonium ferric citrate, as a complex of iron source and organic acid, regulates the redox potential of the sediment through a dual mechanism: (1) Redox mediation of iron ions: The redox pair acts as an electron transfer bridge to accelerate the oxidation process of sulfide (such as). It directly reacts with sulfide to generate elemental sulfur or sulfate, while reducing itself to; in an oxidizing environment, it is re-oxidized to, forming a cyclic catalytic chain, continuously consuming reducing substances (such as, organic sulfur compounds), thereby improving ORP. (2) Chelation and buffering effect of organic acid: Citric acid stabilizes the dispersion state of iron ions in the sediment through the chelation of carboxyl groups with iron ions, avoiding premature precipitation and failure.

[0021] At the same time, the weak acidity of citric acid can buffer the pH fluctuation of sediment (maintained at 6.5-7.5), prevent the re-release of sulfide under alkaline conditions, and ensure the persistence of ORP enhancement. This mechanism breaks through the limitation of traditional ORP regulators (such as calcium nitrate) that rely solely on chemical oxidation. It achieves a dynamic balance of redox potential through the synergistic effect of iron and organic acids, providing a stable electron transfer environment for the subsequent colonization of functional microorganisms (such as Nitrospira). Ammonium ferric citrate not only regulates ORP through chemical means, but also directly participates in the energy metabolism process of microorganisms: (1) Electron donor role of iron-oxidizing bacteria: In a low ORP environment, iron-oxidizing bacteria can use it as an electron donor to oxidize ammonia nitrogen to nitrite. The solubility provided by ammonium ferric citrate significantly enhances the metabolic activity of such bacteria and accelerates the ammonia nitrogen conversion process. (2) Synergistic effect of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria: In anaerobic micro-zones, dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria can reduce iron to nitrite and oxidize organic matter (such as humic acid) at the same time, realizing carbon-iron cycle coupling. This process further consumes reducing substances in the sediment and consolidates the ORP enhancement effect.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. This invention rapidly passivates sulfides in sediments through the redox coupling of nano-zero-valent iron and calcium peroxide, while simultaneously utilizing ammonium ferric citrate to regulate the redox potential (ORP), creating an ideal environment for microbial colonization. Traditional sediment activation technologies often rely on single oxidants or aeration, failing to simultaneously address sulfide inhibition and ORP imbalance. The introduction of ammonium ferric citrate not only helps further enhance ORP but, more importantly, establishes a dynamic regulatory network driven by both chemical oxidation and microbial metabolism, providing critical support for the establishment of a microbial functional network.

[0024] 2. The present invention optimizes microbial activity and material diffusion efficiency from the perspective of hydrodynamics and light environment through the synergistic effect of a low-frequency wave disturbance system and blue light irradiation. The periodic water flow generated by wave disturbance promotes the uniform distribution of bacterial agent microcapsules through shear force, while accelerating the exchange of dissolved oxygen at the sediment-water interface. Compared with traditional aeration, this low-intensity disturbance avoids high energy consumption and the risk of damage to the ecological structure. Blue light specifically enhances the activity of nitrifying bacteria and promotes the conversion efficiency of ammonia nitrogen by activating microbial photoreceptor proteins. The coordinated regulation of the two not only enhances the removal capacity of pollutants, but also maintains the dynamic balance of the ecosystem by simulating the light-water coupling effect of natural water bodies;

[0025] 3. The present invention constructs a three-level biological network of "microorganisms-plants-animals" to form a closed-loop pathway for material circulation. In the gradient release technology of microbial agents, the extracellular electron transfer ability of electrogenic bacteria and the metabolic byproducts of sulfate-reducing bacteria form an electron donor-acceptor chain, driving the synergistic conversion of sulfur and nitrogen elements; benthic animals accelerate the mineralization process of sediments by consuming bacterial films and organic debris, and their excrement provides a slow-release nutrient source for submerged plants; the introduction of fish regulates zooplankton populations through predation, forming a top-down food chain control mechanism. This hierarchical construction mechanism breaks through the limitations of traditional single-organism regulation, enhances the self-regulation ability of the system through the interaction of multiple trophic levels, and thus achieves exponential growth in biodiversity;

[0026] 4. The carrier design of the double-shell microcapsules in the present invention realizes the precise addition and slow-release control of bacterial agent resources. The outer polylactic acid film preferentially hydrolyzes in weakly alkaline water bodies, releasing aerobic bacteria to quickly start the nitrification process; the inner sodium alginate gel gradually decomposes in the bottom mud microenvironment, releasing anaerobic bacteria to participate in denitrification and sulfur reduction reactions. This time-space separation release mechanism avoids the problem of mutual inhibition of aerobic / anaerobic activity in traditional bacterial agent delivery, greatly improving the utilization rate of bacterial community resources. In addition, the phased plant configuration strategy achieves a cascade absorption of nutrients through species replacement, reducing dependence on external carbon sources or chemical agents, which is in line with the technical direction of low-carbon ecological restoration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The above and other technical features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below in conjunction with embodiments. Example

[0028] (1) Within 24 hours after excavation, spray a composite of nano-zero-valent iron and calcium peroxide (mass ratio 1:2) into the bottom mud at a spraying rate of 20 g / m 2 After another 6 hours, an oxidation-reduction potential regulating solution containing ammonium ferric citrate was injected at a concentration of 5 mg / L and an application volume of 10 mL / m 2 .

[0029] (2) Add double-shell microcapsules (20g / m 2 The inner layer consists of a sodium alginate-bentonite composite gel (0.2 mm thick) and the outer layer is a polylactic acid film (0.1 mm thick). The inner layer encapsulates anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, while the outer layer is loaded with nitrifying spirochetes and electrogenic bacteria. The ratio of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria to sulfate-reducing bacteria is 2:1, and the ratio of nitrifying spirochetes to electrogenic bacteria is 3:2, both by mass.

[0030] (3) In the first week, fast-growing submerged plants (Myriophyllum paniculate, Elodea nutmeg, and Ceratophyllum scabra, with a planting ratio of 3:1:2 and a total planting density of 15 plants / m²) and floating plants (Saltflower, with a coverage rate of 20%) were planted. In the second week, cattails, water lilies, and water lilies were introduced (with a planting ratio of 2:1:1 and a total planting density of 10 plants / m²). 2 ) and benthic animals (chironomid larvae, 50 ind / m 2 ), in the third week, native plants (calamus and reed, with a planting ratio of 2:3 and a total planting density of 5 plants / m 2 ) and fish (grass carp, crucian carp, snakehead carp, the stocking ratio is 5:6:3, and the total stocking density is 3 fish / m 3 ).

[0031] (4) Aeration plates were placed at four diagonal corners of the water body to generate 8 cm amplitude waves. The aeration plates were operated for 30 minutes each at 9:00, 14:00, and 18:00 daily. The blue light had a wavelength of 450 nm and was placed 20 cm above the bottom mud. The daily irradiation time was 8 hours, and the light intensity was 20 μmol / m² / s. Example

[0032] (1) Within 24 hours after excavation, spray a composite of nano-zero-valent iron and calcium peroxide (mass ratio 1:2) into the bottom mud at a spraying rate of 30 g / m 2 After another 6 hours, an oxidation-reduction potential regulating solution containing ammonium ferric citrate was injected at a concentration of 10 mg / L and an application volume of 5 mL / m 2 .

[0033] (2) Add double-shell microcapsules (15g / m2 The inner layer consists of a sodium alginate-bentonite composite gel (0.3 mm thick) and the outer layer is a polylactic acid film (0.2 mm thick). The inner layer encapsulates anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, while the outer layer is loaded with nitrifying spirochetes and electrogenic bacteria. The ratio of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria to sulfate-reducing bacteria is 2:3, and the ratio of nitrifying spirochetes to electrogenic bacteria is 3:2, both by mass.

[0034] (3) In the first week, fast-growing submerged plants (Myriophyllum paniculate, Elodea nutmeg, and Ceratophyllum scabra, with a planting ratio of 4:2:3 and a total planting density of 20 plants / m²) and floating plants (Saltenbergia salvinia, with a coverage rate of 25%) were planted. In the second week, cattails, water lilies, and water lilies were introduced (with a planting ratio of 3:2:2 and a total planting density of 5 plants / m²). 2 ) and benthic animals (chironomid larvae, 50 ind / m 2 ), in the third week, native plants (calamus and reed, with a planting ratio of 1:2 and a total planting density of 10 plants / m 2 ) and fish (grass carp, crucian carp, snakehead carp, the stocking ratio is 6:5:2, and the total stocking density is 5 fish / m 3 ).

[0035] (4) Aeration plates were placed at four diagonal corners of the water body to generate 10 cm amplitude waves. They were operated for 30 minutes each at 9:00, 14:00, and 18:00 daily. The blue light had a wavelength of 460 nm and was placed 30 cm above the bottom mud. The irradiation time was 4 hours per day, and the light intensity was 20 μmol / m² / s. Example

[0036] (1) Within 24 hours after excavation, spray a composite of nano-zero-valent iron and calcium peroxide (mass ratio 1:2) into the bottom mud at a spraying rate of 25 g / m 2 After another 6 hours, an oxidation-reduction potential regulating solution containing ammonium ferric citrate was injected at a concentration of 5 mg / L and an application volume of 15 mL / m 2 .

[0037] (2) Add double-shell microcapsules (15g / m 2 The inner layer consists of a sodium alginate-bentonite composite gel (0.5 mm thick) and the outer layer is a polylactic acid film (0.3 mm thick). The inner layer encapsulates anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, while the outer layer is loaded with nitrifying spirochetes and electrogenic bacteria. The ratio of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria to sulfate-reducing bacteria is 4:3, and the ratio of nitrifying spirochetes to electrogenic bacteria is 2:1, both by mass.

[0038] (3) In the first week, fast-growing submerged plants (Myriophyllum paniculate, Elodea nutmeg, and Ceratophyllum scabra, with a planting ratio of 5:2:3 and a total planting density of 15 plants / m²) and floating plants (Saltflower, with a coverage rate of 30%) were planted. In the second week, cattails, water lilies, and water lilies were introduced (with a planting ratio of 2:2:1 and a total planting density of 10 plants / m²). 2 ) and benthic animals (chironomid larvae, 50 ind / m 2 ), in the third week, native plants (calamus and reed, with a planting ratio of 2:3 and a total planting density of 10 plants / m 2 ) and fish (grass carp, crucian carp, snakehead carp, the stocking ratio is 7:4:2, and the total stocking density is 4 fish / m 3 ).

[0039] (4) Aeration plates were placed at four diagonal corners of the water body to generate 5 cm amplitude waves. They were operated for 30 minutes each at 9:00, 14:00, and 18:00 daily. The blue light had a wavelength of 455 nm and was placed 25 cm above the bottom mud. The irradiation time was 6 hours per day, and the light intensity was 25 μmol / m² / s.

[0040] After the water ecosystems of Examples 1 to 3 were operated for a period of time, a water ecosystem biodiversity assessment was conducted once every month for a total of five assessments. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0041] Table 1 Results of aquatic ecological biodiversity assessment

[0042]

[0043] The biodiversity index of Example 3 (reaching 2.128 in 5 months) is significantly better than that of other examples. The core reason is the synergistic effect generated by its multi-parameter collaborative optimization: the median spraying amount (25g / m 2 Nano-zero-valent iron-calcium peroxide complex) ensures full passivation of sulfides, and combined with high concentrations of ammonium ferric citrate (5 mg / L) accurately regulates the redox potential to the optimal range for microbial colonization, laying the foundation for the establishment of a bacterial network; the release of the bacterial agent significantly enhances the denitrification and sulfur removal efficiency through a high ratio of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: sulfate-reducing bacteria = 4:3), and the thickness of the microcapsule (outer layer 0.3mm polylactic acid film + inner layer 0.5mm gel) accurately matches the release cycle to avoid mutual inhibition of bacterial communities; the plant configuration uses high-density fast-growing submerged plants (15 plants / m 2 ) to rapidly absorb nutrients, while a high ratio of native plants (calamus: reed = 2:3) prevented algal competition. Physical manipulation maximized nitrifying bacteria activity with precise blue light wavelengths (455nm) and a moderate exposure time (6 hours), combined with low-amplitude waves (5cm) to efficiently diffuse the inoculant without disturbing the benthic ecosystem. This combination of parameters ultimately pushed the biodiversity index past the 2.0 threshold.

[0044] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is intended to be illustrative, not restrictive, of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous variations, modifications, and even equivalents may be made within the spirit and scope of the claims, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microbial-plant collaborative regulation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: within 24 hours after excavation, a composite of nano-zero-valent iron and calcium peroxide is sprayed into the bottom mud. After another 6 hours, an oxidation-reduction potential regulating solution containing ammonium ferric citrate is injected. S2, adding double-shell microcapsule bacterial agent; S3: Plant fast-growing submerged and floating plants in the first week, introduce cattails, water lilies, water lilies and benthic animals in the second week, and supplement with native plants and fish in the third week; S4, add compound bacterial agents, then promote the diffusion of the bacterial agents through a low-frequency wave disturbance system, and use blue light LEDs to irradiate deep water areas to enhance the activity of nitrifying bacteria.

2. The method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microbial-plant coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the mass ratio of nano zero-valent iron to calcium peroxide is 1:2, and the spraying amount is 20-30 g / m 2 .

3. The method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microbial-plant coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the concentration of ammonium ferric citrate in the redox potential regulating solution is 5-10 mg / L, and the amount applied is 5-15 mL / m 2 .

4. The method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microbial-plant coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the concentration of the double-shell microcapsule bacterial agent is 10-20 g / m 2 .

5. The method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microbial-plant coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the inner layer of the double-shell microcapsule bacterial agent is a sodium alginate-bentonite composite gel, and the outer layer is a polylactic acid film. The inner layer embeds anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and the outer layer is loaded with nitrospira and electrogenic bacteria.

6. The method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microbial-plant coordinated regulation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria to the sulfate reducing bacteria is 2-4:1-3, and the ratio of the nitrospira to the electrogenic bacteria is 2-3:1-2.

7. The method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microbial-plant coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the fast-growing submerged plants include Myriophyllum paniculate, Elodea nutmeg, and Ceratophyllum scabra; the floating plants are Salvinia salvinia; the benthic animals are Chironomid larvae; the native plants include Acorus calamus and Phragmites australis; and the fish include Grass carp, Crucian carp, and Snakehead carp.

8. The method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microorganism-plant coordinated regulation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The planting ratio of the spike-flowered foxtail algae, elodea, and hornwort is 3-5:1-2:1-3, with a total planting density of 10-20 plants / m²; the coverage rate of the Salvinia is 20-30%; the planting ratio of the cattail, water lily, and water lily is 2-3:1-2:1-2, with a total planting density of 5-10 plants / m². 2 The chironomid larvae density is 50ind / m 2 The planting ratio of calamus and reed is 1-2:2-3, and the total planting density is 5-10 plants / m 2 The stocking ratio of grass carp, crucian carp and snakehead carp is 5-7:4-6:2-3, and the total stocking density is 3-5 tails / m 3 .

9. The method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microorganism-plant coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the low-frequency wave disturbance system includes four diagonally arranged aeration plates, with a single aeration plate having a power of ≤50W, generating waves with an amplitude of 5-10cm, and operating for 30 minutes each at 9:00, 14:00, and 18:00 every day.

10. The method for constructing a water body diversity habitat based on microorganism-plant coordinated regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, a blue light LED is placed 20-30 cm above the bottom mud, the wavelength of the blue light LED is 450±10 nm, the daily irradiation time is 4-8 hours, and the light intensity is 20-30 μmol / m² / s.

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