Agricultural sensor for monitoring plant rhizomes, follow-up robot and sensing system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent agriculture, and discloses an agricultural sensor for plant rhizome monitoring, a follow-up robot and a sensing system.The agricultural sensor comprises a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module comprises a first power module, a first communication module and a receiving sensor group, and the first power module is used for providing a stable power supply for the sensor group; long-time work is supported; the first communication module is used for transmitting the collected data to a remote cloud platform through a low-power-consumption communication technology. Through integration of the intelligent agricultural sensor and the cloud platform, real-time accurate monitoring and intelligent decision making of the soil environment are realized, and the refinement level of agricultural management is improved. The low-power wide area network communication technology ensures the high efficiency and remote operability of data transmission, and enhances the reliability and coverage area of the system. The follow-up robot dynamically adjusts the position of the sensor through an accurate transmission system, and the accuracy and adaptability of data acquisition are optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of smart agriculture, and specifically to an agricultural sensor for plant root and rhizome monitoring, a follow-up robot, and a sensing system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of smart agriculture, especially in the intelligent monitoring of paddy fields, the automated management of large-scale crop fields, and the data collection of agricultural scientific research experiments, traditional agricultural sensors usually adopt a fixed installation method for data collection. Although this method is simple, it cannot meet the requirement of the changing root depth of plants over time. During different growth stages, the root depth of crops continuously changes, while the fixed-installed sensors can only collect data at a predetermined depth and cannot reflect the dynamic changes of root growth in real time, thus affecting the accuracy of the data. Since the data fails to be synchronized with the growth of plant roots, the obtained soil information cannot comprehensively reflect the actual condition of the soil, affecting agricultural production efficiency and crop management level.

[0003] Most agricultural sensors on the market currently adopt a static layout method, relying on manual adjustment of the sensor depth or replacement of the installation position to obtain soil data at different depths. This static layout method cannot respond to changes in the soil environment at any time, nor can it be flexibly adjusted to meet the root requirements of plants at different growth stages. Due to the need for manual adjustment and the relatively cumbersome adjustment process, there is often a problem of data lag, making it difficult to reflect the root development state in real time, thus affecting the timeliness and accuracy of farmland management decisions. In addition, the static layout of traditional sensors cannot meet the requirements of dynamic monitoring and cannot provide accurate soil data required during the crop growth process in a timely manner, thereby reducing the decision-making efficiency of the intelligent agriculture system and the accuracy of agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an agricultural sensor for plant root and rhizome monitoring, a follow-up robot, and a sensing system, which solve the problem that traditional agricultural sensors cannot adapt to the change of plant root depth, resulting in inaccurate data collection and further affecting agricultural production efficiency and crop management.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: An agricultural sensor includes a data collection module, and the data collection module includes a power supply module I, a communication module I, and a receiving sensor group. The power supply module I is used to provide stable power for the sensor group and support long-term operation. The communication module I is used to transmit the collected data to a remote cloud platform through low-power communication technology. The receiving sensor group is used to monitor soil humidity, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil pH value, and soil carbon dioxide concentration in real time. A data processing and feedback module, which is used to receive data from the sensor group and combine it with the agricultural crop growth model and climate data to automatically generate agricultural management suggestions. The data processing and feedback module can be integrated into a cloud platform or a local terminal.

[0006] Preferably, the sensor group includes a soil humidity sensor, a resistive or capacitive soil temperature sensor, a four-electrode soil conductivity sensor, a polymer semi-solid soil pH sensor, and a non-dispersive infrared optical carbon dioxide concentration sensor.

[0007] Preferably, the first power supply module includes a lithium battery, which provides stable power for the entire system through the battery and ensures the long-term operation of the sensor group.

[0008] Preferably, the first communication module uses low-power wide-area network communication technology, including LoRa or NB-IoT, to ensure that data can be stably uploaded under the conditions of long time and low power consumption.

[0009] Preferably, each sensor in the sensor group is made of anti-corrosion materials and has the capabilities of waterproof, dustproof, and compression resistance to ensure long-term stable operation in harsh soil environments.

[0010] A follow-up robot includes a sealed cabin. A driving unit is installed inside the sealed cabin. A housing is fixedly installed inside the sealed cabin. A lead screw is rotatably connected inside the housing. A column is threadedly connected to the outside of the lead screw. The column is slidably connected to the middle of the sealed cabin. The data acquisition module is detachably connected to the top of the column, and the column and the sealed cabin are hermetically connected.

[0011] Preferably, the driving unit includes a servo motor. The servo motor is fixedly installed inside the sealed cabin. A first gear is fixedly connected to the bottom output end of the servo motor. A second gear is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lead screw, and the second gear and the first gear mesh with each other.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes a second communication module, a second power supply module, and a control board. The second communication module, the second power supply module, and the control board are all installed inside the housing. The second communication module is used to receive external signals and transmit signals outward. The second power supply module includes a lithium battery and is used to provide stable power for the follow-up robot. The control board is electrically connected to the servo motor and the second communication module and is used to receive external signals and drive the servo motor to work.

[0013] Preferably, the second communication module uses low-power wide-area network communication technology, including LoRa or NB-IoT, to ensure that data can be stably uploaded under the conditions of long time and low power consumption.

[0014] A sensing system, comprising: A cloud platform terminal, configured to receive, store, and analyze data uploaded by the sensor group and the rhizome follow-up control module, and provide a visualization management interface; A Beidou ground station, configured to receive positioning signals from Beidou satellites and provide high-precision geographical references; Beidou satellites, configured to provide satellite positioning services for the sensor system; A Beidou gateway, configured to implement communication and data fusion transmission between the Beidou positioning system and the sensor system.

[0015] Working principle: Through the dynamic adjustment, real-time data acquisition and analysis of the sensor module, and the intelligent decision support of the cloud platform, precise monitoring and management of the agricultural environment are achieved. Multiple soil sensors are integrated in the sensor module, which can monitor environmental parameters such as soil humidity, temperature, conductivity, pH value, and carbon dioxide concentration in real time. These sensors transmit the collected data to the cloud platform through low-power wide-area network communication technologies (such as LoRa or NB-IoT), and support dynamic adjustment of the position and depth of the sensors to ensure that data from different soil layers can be obtained in real time according to the changes of crop roots.

[0016] The follow-up robot is connected to the sensor module, and uses a servo motor, a gear transmission system, and a lead screw structure to achieve automatic adjustment of the sensor position. According to the instructions issued by the cloud platform, the follow-up robot can dynamically adjust the working depth of the sensor to ensure real-time tracking of the changes of plant roots and obtain accurate soil data. The data collected by the sensors is transmitted to the cloud platform through the communication module, and the cloud platform processes and analyzes the data. Combining with the agricultural crop growth model, meteorological data, and historical soil data, intelligent agricultural management suggestions, such as irrigation and fertilization plans, are generated.

[0017] In addition, the cloud platform can also adjust the agricultural management strategy according to the real-time data feedback, and send remote control instructions to the follow-up robot and the sensor module through the communication module. For example, if the cloud platform detects that the soil humidity is too low, it will automatically send an instruction to the follow-up robot to adjust the depth to ensure that the sensor can obtain more accurate soil humidity data, thereby providing timely decision support for agricultural managers. Through this collaborative working principle, the present invention can improve the accuracy and timeliness of soil data, optimize the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources, and further improve the scientific and refined level of agricultural production management.

[0018] The present invention provides an agricultural sensor, a follow-up robot, and a sensing system for monitoring plant rhizomes. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts a technical solution that integrates intelligent agricultural sensors and a cloud platform, achieving real-time and accurate monitoring of the soil environment and intelligent decision-making. Through data collection and analysis of multiple sensor modules and combined with the intelligent processing of the cloud platform, this technical solution can effectively improve the refinement level of agricultural management. Compared with the manual monitoring or single data collection methods in the prior art, it avoids the problems of incomplete data and inaccurate decision-making, and solves the deficiencies of slow response to environmental changes and poor accuracy in traditional agricultural management.

[0019] 2. The present invention integrates low-power wide-area network communication technology to achieve efficient data transmission between the sensor module and the cloud platform. Through the communication module, the sensor can upload soil data to the cloud platform under the conditions of long time and low power consumption, ensuring the real-time nature and remote operability of the data. Compared with the practice in traditional agriculture that requires manual inspection and relies on short-distance wireless networks, it significantly improves the reliability and range of data transmission, and solves the problems of data transmission delay and insufficient coverage.

[0020] 3. In the present invention, the follow-up robot realizes dynamic adjustment of the position of the sensor module through a servo motor and an accurate transmission system. This technical solution can not only automatically adjust the burial depth of the sensor according to crop needs, but also flexibly change the working position according to real-time data and cloud platform instructions, optimizing the accuracy and coverage of data collection. Compared with the way of fixing the sensor position in the prior art, the present invention improves the adaptability and accuracy of data collection through dynamic adjustment, and solves the defect of insufficient data collection for different soil layers in the fixed installation mode.

[0021] 4. The present invention realizes real-time analysis of the collected data and intelligent decision-making support through the close integration of the cloud platform and the data analysis module. The cloud platform generates agricultural management suggestions, such as operation suggestions for irrigation and fertilization, based on the data feedback of the sensor, combined with the crop growth model and meteorological data, to help agricultural managers make scientific decisions. Compared with the traditional manual adjustment method, the present invention greatly improves the efficiency of agricultural production and resource utilization through intelligent analysis and automatic feedback, and avoids human operation errors and management inefficiencies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of the present invention; Figure 2 is an internal schematic diagram of the follow-up robot in the present invention; Figure 3 is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the data collection module in the present invention; Figure 4 is a network topology diagram of the system in the present invention; Figure 5 is a working principle diagram of the system in the present invention.

[0023] Among them, 1. Data acquisition module; 101. Housing; 102. Upper cover; 103. Power module 1; 104. Communication module 1; 105. Sensor group; 2. Sealed cabin; 3. Communication module 2; 4. Outer shell; 5. Servo motor; 6. Gear 1; 7. Gear 2; 8. Lead screw; 9. Column; 10. Power module 2; 11. Control board. Specific implementation mode

[0024] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the specification of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiment

[0025] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 5 , the embodiment of the present invention provides an agricultural sensor, including a data acquisition module 1, and the data acquisition module 1 includes a power module 103, a communication module 104 and a receiving sensor group 105. The power module 103 is used to provide stable power for the sensor group 105 and support long-term operation. The communication module 104 is used to transmit the collected data to the remote cloud platform through low-power communication technology. The receiving sensor group 105 is used to monitor soil humidity, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil pH value and soil carbon dioxide concentration in real time. The data processing and feedback module is used to receive the data of the sensor group 105 and automatically generate agricultural management suggestions in combination with the agricultural crop growth model and climate data. The data processing and feedback module can be integrated into the cloud platform or the local terminal. The sensor system includes multiple independent modules, each module is responsible for different monitoring tasks, and data is transmitted to the external system through low-power communication technology. The following will detail the technical solutions of each part of the agricultural sensor in the present invention, including components such as the power module 103, the communication module 104, the sensor group 105, and the data processing and feedback module.

[0026] In this embodiment, the working principle of the agricultural sensor system is based on the integrated power module 103, communication module 104 and sensor group 105. The power module 103 provides stable power for the sensor group 105 and the data processing module; the communication module 104 exchanges data with the remote cloud platform through a low-power wide-area network such as LoRa or NB-IoT; and the sensor group 105 is used to monitor key parameters such as soil humidity, temperature, conductivity, pH value and carbon dioxide concentration in real time. The data processing and feedback module analyzes the sensor data using the agricultural crop growth model and climate data and generates agricultural management suggestions.

[0027] First of all, the design of the power module 103 is crucial for the long-term stable operation of the sensor system. Generally, the power module 103 uses a high-energy-density lithium battery to provide stable and lasting power for the sensor system. The lithium battery has a low self-discharge rate and a long service life, which is suitable for remote monitoring environments. In some embodiments, the power module 103 can also be equipped with a charging management circuit to support recharging through solar energy or other means to extend the service life of the system. Specifically, the power module 103 includes a battery monitoring chip that can monitor the battery voltage, temperature and remaining power in real time to ensure that the battery will not be damaged due to over-discharge or overheating during use.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the power module 103 is also equipped with a power management unit that can dynamically adjust the power supply according to the actual needs of the sensor group 105. The power management unit reduces power consumption and extends the battery life by controlling the current output. When the battery power is low, the power module 103 can switch to a low-power operating mode, enabling the system to continue operating for a long time and can operate at low power for 3-5 years.

[0029] As an option, the communication module 104 uses low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology such as LoRa or NB-IoT, which can achieve a good balance between low power consumption and long-distance transmission. Specifically, the communication module 104 is responsible for transmitting the collected soil data to the cloud platform through wireless signals. LoRa technology uses spread-spectrum modulation, has strong anti-interference ability and penetration ability, can penetrate 80-100 cm of soil, and can support long-distance data transmission of several kilometers to more than a dozen kilometers. In the NB-IoT technology, the communication module 104 transmits data through the cellular network, which is suitable for wide coverage in urban and rural areas. The design of the communication module 104 not only ensures the stable transmission of data, but also reduces the battery consumption through the low-power operating mode.

[0030] During the data transmission process, the protocol adopted by Communication Module 1 104 can perform reliability processing on data packets to ensure that data is not lost during transmission. If data packet loss occurs during transmission, Communication Module 1 104 will automatically retransmit. In addition, Communication Module 1 104 also has the ability to adapt to harsh environments and can work stably in environments with large temperature changes, high humidity, or a lot of dust.

[0031] Next, Sensor Group 105 is one of the core parts of agricultural sensors and is responsible for real-time monitoring of multiple key indicators of the soil environment. Specifically, Sensor Group 105 includes a soil humidity sensor, a resistive or capacitive soil temperature sensor, a four-electrode soil conductivity sensor, a polymer semi-solid soil pH sensor, and a non-dispersive infrared optical carbon dioxide concentration sensor. These sensors collect data for different characteristics of the soil, and the specific working principles are as follows: Soil humidity sensor: Soil humidity sensors usually work based on the principle of resistance change. The sensor calculates the humidity by measuring the resistance value of the soil. The resistance value is inversely proportional to the soil moisture content, that is, the higher the soil humidity, the lower the resistance value. By monitoring the change in the resistance value, the real-time data of soil humidity can be accurately obtained.

[0032] Soil temperature sensor: The soil temperature sensor uses a resistive or capacitive temperature sensor to measure the temperature change of the soil. The resistance of the resistive sensor has a linear relationship with the temperature, and the temperature can be obtained by measuring the resistance value. The capacitive sensor measures the temperature by using the characteristic that the dielectric constant of the soil changes with temperature.

[0033] Conductivity sensor: The four-electrode soil conductivity sensor uses the conductivity of the soil to reflect the fertility status of the soil. The conductivity of the soil is related to its salt and mineral content. The higher the conductivity, the stronger the soil fertility usually is. The four-electrode structure can reduce the interference between electrodes and ensure the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0034] pH sensor: The acidity and alkalinity (pH value) of the soil is an important factor affecting crop growth. The polymer semi-solid soil pH sensor works based on the electrochemical principle. The sensor contains specific chemical materials inside. By reacting with hydrogen ions in the soil, a voltage signal is generated, and thus the pH value of the soil is obtained.

[0035] Carbon dioxide concentration sensor: The carbon dioxide concentration in the soil can reflect the activity of soil microorganisms. The non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor emits a light beam through an infrared light source and measures the carbon dioxide concentration by using the characteristic that the light beam is absorbed by carbon dioxide in the soil gas.

[0036] As an option, all sensors of the sensor group 105 are made of corrosion-resistant materials. The housing can resist the erosion of chemical components in the soil and has the abilities of waterproof, dustproof and compression resistance, ensuring long-term stable operation in harsh environments.

[0037] In this embodiment, the data processing and feedback module is responsible for receiving the raw data from each sensor, and combining with the agricultural crop growth model, climate data, historical soil data, etc. for analysis and calculation. Through the algorithm model, the system can automatically generate agricultural management suggestions, such as reasonable irrigation amount, fertilization plan and pest control suggestions.

[0038] Specifically, the data processing module performs data operations through the embedded processing chip. The algorithms used include regression analysis, neural network, etc. It can output the most suitable management plan according to the data such as soil humidity, temperature, pH value, conductivity, etc., combined with the optimal conditions for crop growth. The operation results of this module will be fed back to the cloud platform or local terminal for agricultural managers to refer to.

[0039] The agricultural sensor system of the present invention can automatically monitor and feedback the changes in the soil environment, providing a scientific basis for agricultural production. Through low-power and efficient communication and sensing technologies, the system can operate stably in a remote environment and provide real-time and accurate soil data support.

[0040] The data acquisition module 1 in the present invention further includes a housing 101 and an upper cover 102. The housing 101 and the upper cover 102 are snap-connected to form a sealed space. The power module 103, the communication module 104 and the sensor group 105 are all installed inside the housing 101 and the upper cover 102, and the working ends of the sensors in the sensor group 105 extend out from the outside of the housing 101 to ensure the accuracy of soil data acquisition.

[0041] As a part of the present invention, this application also provides an embodiment of a follow-up robot. The follow-up robot includes a sealed cabin 2. A driving unit is installed inside the sealed cabin 2. A housing 4 is fixedly installed inside the sealed cabin 2. A lead screw 8 is rotatably connected inside the housing 4. A column 9 is threadedly connected to the outside of the lead screw 8. The column 9 is slidably connected to the middle of the sealed cabin 2. The data acquisition module 1 is detachably connected to the top of the column 9, and a sealed connection is provided between the column 9 and the sealed cabin 2.

[0042] In the present invention, the follow-up robot, as an important part of the intelligent agricultural sensor system, is mainly used to adjust the position of the sensor group 105 for more accurate and dynamic monitoring of the soil environment. This module has high flexibility and adjustment ability, and can adjust the burial depth and position of the sensor in real time according to the needs of crop growth to ensure accurate soil data. In addition, the follow-up robot also supports remote operation and data exchange with the control board 11 through the communication module two 3 to achieve remote control and real-time feedback.

[0043] In this embodiment, the core structure of the follow-up robot includes a sealed cabin 2, a servo motor 5, a gear transmission system composed of a gear one 6 and a gear two 7, a lead screw 8, and a column 9. This structure can drive the mechanical system through the servo motor 5 to accurately adjust the depth of the data acquisition module 1. Specifically, when the external environment changes or the crop growth condition requires adjustment, the follow-up robot will automatically adjust the working position of the data acquisition module 1 through the control system to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the soil data.

[0044] The follow-up robot includes a sealed cabin 2 for protecting internal components from the external environment and ensuring the stability and long-term operation of the system. Inside the sealed cabin 2, components such as a power module two 10, a communication module two 3, a control board 11, and a driving unit are fixedly installed. The power module two 10 provides stable power for the driving unit and the control system to ensure the continuous operation of the follow-up robot during long-term use.

[0045] Generally, the control board 11 is connected to the servo motor 5 and the communication module two 3. By receiving external control instructions, it controls the operation of the servo motor 5 to adjust the rotation of the lead screw 8. The rotation of the lead screw 8 drives the column 9 to slide along the sealed cabin 2 to achieve precise adjustment of the position of the sensor group 105.

[0046] As an option, the servo motor 5 meshes with the gear two 7 through the gear one 6 to transmit the driving force for precise motion control. The gear one 6 is fixed on the output shaft of the servo motor 5, and the gear two 7 is connected to the lead screw 8. Through the meshing of the gears, the servo motor 5 controls the rotation of the lead screw 8. The lead screw 8 drives the column 9 to slide up and down to adjust the depth of the data acquisition module 1.

[0047] In the specific implementation process, the rotation speed and torque of the servo motor 5 are precisely controlled by the control board 11. After receiving the operation instructions from the cloud platform or the local control system, the control board 11 will adjust the working state of the servo motor 5 according to the requirements. The servo motor 5 can adjust the rotation speed according to the instructions to precisely adjust the height of the column 9 to ensure that the sensor group 105 can accurately measure the environmental data at different soil depths.

[0048] The servo motor 5 is a key driving component in the follow - up robot, and its working principle is based on the closed - loop control between the motor and the control board 11. Generally, the servo motor 5 adjusts its position through current control. The control board 11 controls the rotation speed and direction of the motor through the built - in microprocessor to ensure that the mechanical system can accurately reach the predetermined position after receiving external instructions.

[0049] In actual operation, the control board 11 receives remote operation instructions through the communication module two 3 and converts the instructions into action instructions required by the servo motor 5. According to the feedback mechanism, the control board 11 will monitor the position change of the servo motor 5 in real time and adjust the current output to ensure the stable operation of the motor.

[0050] As a possible implementation method, the control board 11 adopts a driving method based on PWM (Pulse - Width Modulation) signals, and adjusts its rotation speed and direction by controlling the pulse width of the motor. This method can not only accurately control the actions of the servo motor 5, but also improve the response speed and stability of the system.

[0051] The communication module two 3 is an important part of the follow - up robot, responsible for data exchange with the external control system. Generally, the communication module two 3 uses low - power wide - area network communication technologies such as LoRa or NB - IoT to connect with the remote system. Through the communication module two 3, the follow - up robot can receive control instructions from the cloud platform or local terminal and feedback the execution status to the cloud platform or control terminal.

[0052] The communication module two 3 and the power module two 10 work together to ensure the stability and low - power operation of the follow - up robot during long - term operation. The (LPWAN) technology adopted by the communication module two 3 has strong anti - interference ability and can stably transmit data over a relatively long distance. Even in a complex agricultural environment, the communication module two 3 can still achieve efficient data transmission.

[0053] In a possible implementation method, the communication module two 3 can also support multiple communication protocols through the built - in radio module to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. This module can select the appropriate transmission method according to different communication environments to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission.

[0054] The follow - up robot can dynamically adjust the sensor group 105 according to agricultural management needs. In some embodiments, when the soil environment changes or the crop growth condition needs to be optimized, the system can automatically generate adjustment instructions based on sensor data and adjust the operating state of the servo motor 5 through the control board 11 to achieve automatic adjustment of the depth and position of the data acquisition module 1.

[0055] Specifically, the follow-up robot collects soil data in real time and feeds it back to the cloud platform or the local control terminal to ensure that users can make timely adjustments according to actual needs. The system adopts an automated feedback mechanism. By analyzing the crop growth model and soil environment data, it generates an optimized management plan to further improve agricultural production efficiency.

[0056] Through the above description, the follow-up robot of the present invention can accurately and automatically adjust the working position of the sensor group 105, playing a crucial role in soil environment monitoring. The system realizes the precise regulation of the agricultural environment through the integration of various technical solutions such as the servo motor 5, gear transmission, lead screw 8, control board 11, and communication module II 3, providing a scientific basis for agricultural production.

[0057] Please refer to the append Figure 4 -append Figure 5 , as part of the present invention, this application also provides an embodiment of a sensing system. The system includes: A cloud platform terminal, which is used to receive, store, and analyze the data uploaded by the sensor group 105 and the rootstock follow-up control module, and provide a visual management interface; A Beidou ground station, which is used to receive the positioning signal of Beidou satellites and provide high-precision geographical references; Beidou satellites, which are used to provide satellite positioning services for the sensor system; A Beidou gateway, which is used to realize the communication and data fusion transmission between the Beidou positioning system and the sensor system.

[0058] The intelligent agricultural sensor system in the present invention integrates a cloud platform module, which is used to collect, store, and analyze the data from the sensor module, and provide a visual management interface. The role of the cloud platform is not limited to data management and analysis. It can also generate agricultural management suggestions through algorithm models and remotely control the sensor module and the follow-up robot. This function is of great significance for realizing remote monitoring, intelligent agricultural decision-making, and improving agricultural production efficiency. The following will describe in detail the technical implementation methods of the cloud platform, including data collection, processing, storage, and feedback mechanisms.

[0059] In this embodiment, the cloud platform module mainly includes a cloud server, a data storage module, a data analysis module, a visual management interface, and communication interfaces with the sensor group 105 and the follow-up robot. Specifically, the sensor group 105 transmits the collected soil data to the cloud platform for storage and processing through the communication module I 104; at the same time, the follow-up robot exchanges data and feedback instructions with the cloud platform through the communication module II 3. The data processing and management functions provided by the cloud platform will deeply analyze agricultural data and provide precise decision-making support for agricultural managers according to the analysis results.

[0060] The core task of the cloud platform module is to receive various data from agricultural sensors and perform real-time processing and analysis. Under normal circumstances, the sensor group 105 is connected to the cloud platform through low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) communication technology, and transmits key data such as soil humidity, temperature, pH value, conductivity, and carbon dioxide concentration collected to the cloud platform. The cloud platform uses the data storage module to persistently store these data for subsequent analysis and query.

[0061] Specifically, the storage form of data in the cloud platform is usually a time series database, which can effectively record and manage time series data. Each piece of stored data includes information such as timestamp, sensor number, and acquisition value. The storage module also classifies and stores data according to data types. For example, data such as humidity, temperature, and pH value are stored in different data tables for subsequent query and analysis.

[0062] In a possible implementation, the data storage module adopts a distributed storage architecture, which can process a large amount of sensor data while ensuring high availability and reliability of the data. The distributed storage architecture enables the cloud platform to maintain good scalability in the face of a large amount of agricultural data, and can be horizontally scaled at any time according to requirements to meet the growing data storage needs.

[0063] The data processing module of the cloud platform is responsible for real-time analysis of the data collected from the sensor group 105. In some embodiments, the data processing module uses machine learning and big data analysis technologies to perform prediction, classification, and pattern recognition on the sensor data. For example, by analyzing historical data, the cloud platform can predict the change trend of soil humidity and generate irrigation suggestions based on this trend. Similarly, the cloud platform can also analyze parameters such as soil pH value and conductivity to help agricultural managers formulate more appropriate fertilization plans.

[0064] Specifically, the data analysis module uses algorithms such as regression analysis, neural network, and decision tree to model the collected environmental data. Assuming there is soil humidity data as a function of time in regression analysis, the model can be expressed as: ; where and are regression coefficients, is the error term, representing the influence of external environmental factors on the change of soil humidity. The cloud platform can predict the change trend of soil humidity at a future moment based on these models, and generate a reasonable irrigation plan by combining with the agricultural crop model.

[0065] In some embodiments, the analysis module of the cloud platform also combines meteorological data and crop growth models, and conducts comprehensive analysis using big data technology. By combining different data sources, the cloud platform can obtain more accurate agricultural management suggestions, improving the growth efficiency and production benefits of crops.

[0066] To facilitate real-time monitoring of soil environment data by agricultural managers, the cloud platform provides a visual management interface. Through this interface, users can view real-time data, historical data, and analysis results of various soil parameters. Generally, the user interface will include functional modules such as charts, trend lines, and alarm settings to help users intuitively understand the changes in the soil environment.

[0067] In the specific implementation process, users can view the change trends of various indicators such as soil humidity, temperature, and pH value through charts, and adjust planting operations according to the agricultural management suggestions provided by the platform. For example, when the platform detects that the soil humidity is too low, the system will send an alarm to the user through the interface and provide irrigation suggestions. The visual management interface enables agricultural managers to quickly grasp the soil conditions and take corresponding management measures in a timely manner through graphical data display.

[0068] As another core function of the cloud platform, the remote control module supports agricultural managers to send control instructions through the cloud platform to remotely adjust the working states of the agricultural sensor group 105 and the follow-up robot. For example, when the cloud platform analyzes that the soil humidity in a certain crop area is too low, the system can automatically send instructions to the follow-up robot to adjust the working depth of the sensor group 105 for further soil humidity monitoring. At the same time, the cloud platform can also send management suggestions to farm equipment to automatically execute adjustment operations.

[0069] Communication module 104 and communication module 3 play a crucial role in this process. They ensure the real-time transmission and feedback of remote instructions through low-power wide-area network technology. When a control instruction is sent to the follow-up robot or the sensor group 105, communication module 104 or communication module 3 will convert the instruction into a control signal to drive the corresponding device to operate and complete tasks such as data collection or depth adjustment.

[0070] As the core integration platform of the intelligent agricultural sensor system, the cloud platform can not only process the data collected by the current sensor group 105 and the follow-up robot, but also has good scalability. In some embodiments, the cloud platform supports the access of more sensor modules and external devices. Through standardized communication protocols and modular interface designs, the system can flexibly access other types of sensors or agricultural equipment to achieve the expansion and upgrade of system functions.

[0071] The cloud platform can also integrate with other farmland management systems to form a larger agricultural data network. By connecting with other agricultural management systems, the cloud platform can obtain information from a wider range of data sources and further optimize agricultural production management strategies.

[0072] The cloud platform module of the present invention helps agricultural managers make scientific decisions by effectively collecting, storing, analyzing and feeding back agricultural environmental data. The platform not only improves the intelligent level of agricultural management, but also provides solid technical support for precision agriculture and promotes the improvement of agricultural production efficiency.

[0073] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An agricultural sensor, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition module (1), and the data acquisition module (1) includes a first power supply module (103), a first communication module (104), and a receiving sensor group (105). The first power supply module (103) is used to provide a stable power supply for the sensor group (105) and support long-term operation. The first communication module (104) is used to transmit the acquired data to a remote cloud platform through low-power communication technology. The receiving sensor group (105) is used to monitor soil humidity, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil pH value, and soil carbon dioxide concentration in real time. A data processing and feedback module, which is used to receive the data of the sensor group (105) and automatically generate agricultural management suggestions in combination with an agricultural crop growth model and climate data. The data processing and feedback module can be integrated into a cloud platform or a local terminal.

2. The agricultural sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor group (105) includes a soil humidity sensor, a resistive or capacitive soil temperature sensor, a four-electrode soil conductivity sensor, a polymer semi-solid soil pH value sensor, and a non-dispersive infrared optical carbon dioxide concentration sensor.

3. The agricultural sensor according to claim 1, wherein The first power supply module (103) includes a lithium battery, which provides a stable power supply for the entire system through the battery and ensures the long-term operation of the sensor group (105).

4. The agricultural sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first communication module (104) adopts low-power wide-area network communication technology, including LoRa or NB-IoT, to ensure that data can be stably uploaded under the conditions of long time and low power consumption.

5. The agricultural sensor according to claim 1, wherein Each sensor of the sensor group (105) is made of anti-corrosion materials and has the abilities of waterproof, dustproof, and compression resistance to ensure long-term stable operation in a harsh soil environment.

6. A follow-up robot, characterized in that, Applied to an agricultural sensor according to any one of claims 1-4, it includes a sealed cabin (2). A driving unit is installed inside the sealed cabin (2). A housing (4) is fixedly installed inside the sealed cabin (2). A lead screw (8) is rotatably connected inside the housing (4). A column (9) is threadedly connected to the outside of the lead screw (8). The column (9) is slidably connected to the middle of the sealed cabin (2). The data acquisition module (1) is detachably connected to the top of the column (9). A sealed connection is provided between the column (9) and the sealed cabin (2).

7. The follow-up robot according to claim 6, characterized in that, The driving unit includes a servo motor (5). The servo motor (5) is fixedly installed inside the sealed cabin (2). A first gear (6) is fixedly connected to the bottom output end of the servo motor (5). A second gear (7) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lead screw (8). The second gear (7) and the first gear (6) are meshed with each other.

8. A follow-up robot according to claim 6, characterized in that, It further includes a second communication module (3), a second power supply module (10), and a control board (11). The second communication module (3), the second power supply module (10), and the control board (11) are all installed inside the housing (4). The second communication module (3) is used to receive external signals and transmit signals outward. The second power supply module (10) includes a lithium battery and is used to provide a stable power supply for the follow-up robot. The control board (11) is electrically connected to the servo motor (5) and the second communication module (3), and is used to receive external signals and drive the servo motor (5) to work.

9. A follow-up robot according to claim 6, wherein, The second communication module (3) adopts low-power wide-area network communication technology, including LoRa or NB-IoT, to ensure that data can be stably uploaded under the conditions of long time and low power consumption.

10. A sensing system, characterized in that, Applied to an agricultural sensor according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising: A cloud platform terminal for receiving, storing and analyzing data uploaded by the sensor group (105) and the rhizome follow-up control module, and providing a visual management interface; A Beidou ground station for receiving positioning signals from Beidou satellites and providing high-precision geographical references; Beidou satellites for providing satellite positioning services for the sensor system; A Beidou gateway for realizing communication and data fusion transmission between the Beidou positioning system and the sensor system.

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